A device suitable for three-dimensional fire-flood experiment

Abstract

This utility model discloses a device suitable for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments, relating to the petroleum industry. It includes an outer pipe body, with flanges fixedly fitted to the top and bottom of the outer wall. A top cover and a bottom cover are detachably mounted on the top and bottom of the outer pipe body, respectively. From the inside out, the outer pipe body, top cover, and bottom cover are sequentially provided with an anti-corrosion layer, a heat insulation layer, and a seepage-proof layer. A hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to each of the top and bottom covers. Connecting columns are uniformly fixedly connected circumferentially to the pistons within the hydraulic cylinders. These connecting columns all pass through the hydraulic cylinders in a sealed manner and sequentially penetrate the top cover, bottom cover, and flanges. Each connecting column is coaxially threaded with a locking bolt, the head diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the connecting column, and abuts against the end face of the flange. The beneficial effects of this utility model are: the top and bottom covers are hydraulically locked to the outer pipe body, ensuring assembly strength and sealing effect, and the anti-corrosion, heat insulation, and seepage-proof layers enhance the heat insulation, anti-corrosion, and seepage-proof performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of petrochemicals and relates to the field of experimental equipment, specifically to a device suitable for three-dimensional burning oil layer experiments. Background Technology

[0002] Three-dimensional oil reservoir combustion experiments are an experimental method that studies the effects of oil reservoir combustion technology through indoor physical simulation. They are primarily used to evaluate combustion characteristics, oil displacement efficiency, and influencing factors during fire-driven oil recovery. Currently, this field mainly uses closed pressure vessels as experimental devices, such as the technical solution disclosed in Chinese patent CN116378616A, which discloses a device suitable for three-dimensional oil reservoir combustion experiments. This device consists of a vessel body and upper and lower covers mounted on the vessel body. The upper and lower covers are fastened to the vessel body with bolts. However, in actual three-dimensional oil reservoir combustion experiments, a high-temperature environment is generated during the experiment. Metal bolts are prone to thermal expansion and deformation at high temperatures. This deformation not only leads to changes in bolt preload but may also damage the sealing structure, causing leakage of the experimental medium and potentially triggering safety accidents. Simultaneously, high temperatures may accelerate the corrosion of device components, reduce the device's service life, and affect the continuity and stability of the experiment. Furthermore, traditional devices have shortcomings in terms of heat preservation, corrosion prevention, and anti-permeability performance, failing to effectively resist the erosion of high-temperature and corrosive media, and making it difficult to meet the high-precision requirements under complex experimental conditions. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention addresses the technical problems of unstable assembly and deficiencies in insulation, corrosion resistance, and impermeability of experimental containers, providing a device suitable for three-dimensional oil layer fire experiments. The top and bottom covers are hydraulically locked to the outer tube, ensuring assembly strength and sealing effect. Furthermore, anti-corrosion, insulation, and impermeability layers enhance the insulation, corrosion resistance, and impermeability properties.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a device suitable for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments is provided, including an outer tube body, flanges are fixedly sleeved on the top and bottom of the outer side wall of the outer tube body, and a top cover and a bottom cover are detachably provided on the top and bottom ends of the outer tube body, respectively; the outer tube body and the top and bottom covers are provided with an anti-corrosion layer, a heat insulation layer and an anti-permeability layer from the inside to the outside; a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top cover and the bottom cover, and a connecting column is uniformly fixedly connected to the piston in the hydraulic cylinder along the circumference. The connecting column passes through the hydraulic cylinder in a sealed manner and passes through the top cover, the bottom cover and the flange in sequence. A locking bolt is coaxially threaded on the connecting column. The diameter of the head of the locking bolt is larger than the diameter of the connecting column and abuts against the end face of the flange, respectively.

[0005] The top and bottom covers are assembled to the top and bottom of the outer tube body, respectively. The top and bottom covers abut against the flanges on the outer tube body. The connecting columns on the hydraulic cylinders of the top and bottom covers pass through the top and bottom covers and the flanges, respectively. Then, the locking bolts are tightened on the connecting columns. The hydraulic cylinders adjust the movement of their internal pistons, which drives the connecting columns to move synchronously, thereby pulling the locking bolts to make them tightly abut against the flange end face, thus achieving a firm lock between the top and bottom covers and the outer tube body. Due to the synchronous movement of the pistons pulling the connecting columns, the locking load of the locking bolts is evenly distributed, significantly enhancing the sealing effect. The operation is labor-saving and efficient. After the outer tube body, top cover, and bottom cover are assembled to form a closed space, a three-dimensional fire-burning oil layer experiment can be carried out. During the experiment, the outer tube body, top cover, and bottom cover are all equipped with an anti-corrosion layer, a heat insulation layer, and an anti-permeability layer from the inside out. The three layers work together to comprehensively ensure the safety and reliability of the experiment.

[0006] To further optimize this technical solution, the hydraulic cylinder includes an open cylinder body and a heat-insulating cylinder head installed in conjunction with the cylinder body. The heat-insulating cylinder head and the top or bottom cover are detachably installed by bolts. The piston is sealed and slidably assembled with the inner wall of the cylinder body, dividing the cylinder body into a first chamber and a second chamber. The connecting columns are all located in the first chamber and are threadedly connected to the piston and sealed through the heat-insulating cylinder head. Two oil passages are provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body, which are respectively connected to the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0007] The cylinder is divided into two chambers by a piston. Hydraulic oil is injected into the first and second chambers through two oil ports on the cylinder to adjust the piston position. This causes the connecting column to move synchronously, so that the locking bolts tighten and lock the top and bottom covers onto the outer tube. The structure is simple and easy to operate.

[0008] To further optimize this technical solution, only one oil passage is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body, which is connected to the first chamber, and an elastic member is provided in the second chamber, with the two ends of the elastic member abutting against the inner wall of the cylinder body and the piston wall, respectively.

[0009] The piston is supported by an elastic component inside the cylinder. When the piston is driven to move and the locking bolts are tightened to fix the top and bottom covers, hydraulic oil is injected into the first chamber through the oil port, thereby pushing the piston to move and compressing the elastic component. When the top and bottom covers are disassembled, the hydraulic oil in the first chamber is extracted, and the elastic component pushes the piston to reset for subsequent use, reducing maintenance costs.

[0010] To further optimize this technical solution, the elastic component includes a telescopic sleeve, with connecting pieces fixedly connected to both ends of the telescopic sleeve. One connecting piece is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder, and the other connecting piece abuts against the piston. A spring is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic sleeve, with both ends of the spring abutting against the connecting pieces.

[0011] The connecting piece provides an installation position for the telescopic sleeve and the spring, and the telescopic sleeve guides the spring to prevent it from bending and being damaged, thus ensuring reliable use.

[0012] To further optimize this technical solution, the heat-insulating cylinder head is a double-layer hollow structure made of ceramic fiber material, and the space between the two layers of the heat-insulating cylinder head is filled with aerogel heat-insulating material.

[0013] Ceramic fibers possess low thermal conductivity, high melting point, and numerous microscopic pores that impede air convection, effectively blocking heat conduction. Furthermore, the double-layer hollow structure forms an air insulation layer that restricts airflow, reduces convective heat transfer, and increases the length of the heat transfer path. The aerogel filling within, due to its nanoscale porous structure and high porosity, inhibits gas heat conduction and scatters and reflects thermal radiation. The combined effect of these three elements effectively prevents heat from the top and bottom covers from being transferred to the hydraulic cylinder, ensuring stable operation of the device under the high-temperature environment of the three-dimensional oil-burning experiment.

[0014] To further optimize this technical solution, a pad is provided on both the top cover and the bottom cover. The pad is sealed and inserted into the inner wall of the outer tube. The anti-corrosion layer, the heat insulation layer, and the anti-permeability layer are provided on the pad and the outer tube.

[0015] The gaskets are all sealed to the inner wall of the outer tube to enhance the sealing effect. The gaskets also increase the thickness of the top and bottom covers, enhancing their strength and providing better protection for the hydraulic cylinder.

[0016] To further optimize this technical solution, the anti-corrosion layer is an epoxy resin-ceramic composite coating with a thickness of 180-220μm.

[0017] The coating is applied to the outer tube body, top cover, and bottom cover. After curing, the coating forms a continuous and dense organic film layer, effectively blocking the penetration of corrosive media such as water and oxygen. Alumina ceramic particles with a particle size of 1-5μm fill the molecular gaps of epoxy resin, further reducing the coating porosity to below 0.1%. This "maze effect" extends the diffusion path of corrosive media. Simultaneously, the addition of ceramic particles significantly improves the mechanical properties of the coating. Alumina with a Mohs hardness of 9 increases the coating's wear resistance by 60-80%, while optimizing the coefficient of thermal expansion and reducing the risk of cracking due to thermal cycling. The amine curing agent in the epoxy resin forms a 2-5nm thick passivation film on the metal substrate surface. Its three-dimensional cross-linked structure gives the coating excellent acid and alkali resistance. The alumina ceramic maintains extremely low solubility in the pH range of 4-9 and exhibits outstanding resistance to acidic gases and chloride ions. The two form a strong bond through interfacial hydrogen bonds, increasing the fracture energy by 3-5 times. When microcracks appear in the coating, the flow characteristics of the epoxy resin at high temperatures allow for a certain degree of self-repair. To further optimize this technical solution, the insulation layer is a nano-aerogel layer with a thickness of 20-50 mm.

[0018] Nano-aerogels, as porous materials composed of a nanoscale solid framework and pores, possess extremely low thermal conductivity. Their unique microstructure greatly restricts heat conduction by gas molecules. Their fine pore structure effectively inhibits gas molecule convection, blocking heat convection transfer paths. Simultaneously, nanoparticles can scatter and absorb thermal radiation, reducing heat radiation transfer efficiency. This multi-mechanism synergistic effect significantly reduces heat loss, achieving excellent thermal insulation. To further optimize this technical solution, the impermeable layer is a sintered clay layer with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm.

[0019] During sintering, kaolin dehydrates to form mullite and cristobalite. The quartz undergoes a crystal transformation, while alumina acts as a high-temperature stable phase to fill the gaps. This process causes the material volume to shrink by 15-20%, forming a multiphase ceramic structure with mullite-cristobalite as the main crystalline phase and alumina as the reinforcing phase. The apparent porosity is controlled below 5%. At the microscopic level, the continuous ceramic matrix (pore size <1μm) formed by sintering can effectively block oil and water molecules. The "nanopole" effect formed by alumina particles at the grain boundaries further reduces the permeation channels. The surface free energy of the material is reduced to 35-40mN / m after sintering, exhibiting oleophobic properties. Wetting and penetration are inhibited through surface chemical action. At the same time, the thermal expansion matching between mullite and alumina ensures the structural stability of the coating in thermal cycling at 20-1200℃. After 10 rapid cooling and heating cycles, the permeability change is still less than 3%, thus demonstrating excellent barrier performance and thermomechanical stability.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. The outer tube, top cover, and bottom cover are constructed from the inside out with an epoxy resin-ceramic composite anti-corrosion layer, a nano-aerogel insulation layer, and a clay sintering anti-permeability layer. The clay sintering anti-permeability layer can withstand high temperature impact of 1200℃ and effectively blocks oil and water molecules. The nano-aerogel insulation layer significantly reduces heat loss due to its nanoporous properties. The epoxy resin-ceramic composite anti-corrosion layer can effectively block the penetration of various corrosive media in high-temperature oil sand. The three work together to comprehensively ensure the safety and reliability of the experiment. 2. When assembling the top cover and bottom cover with the outer pipe body, the connecting columns of the hydraulic cylinders on the top cover and bottom cover pass through the top cover, bottom cover and flange respectively. After tightening the locking bolts on the connecting columns, hydraulic oil is injected into the cylinder body through the oil port to adjust the position of the piston. The piston drives the connecting column to move synchronously, thereby pulling the locking bolts to make them fit tightly against the flange end face, and finally achieves a firm lock between the top cover and bottom cover and the outer pipe body. By utilizing the synchronous characteristics of the piston pulling the connecting column, the locking load of the locking bolts is evenly distributed, which significantly improves the sealing effect and improves the assembly efficiency of the device. 3. When the cylinder body adopts a single oil inlet design, an elastic component (composed of a telescopic sleeve, spring, and connecting plate) is installed in the second chamber. During oil filling, the piston pushes the telescopic sleeve and spring to retract, pulling the locking bolt to lock the top or bottom cover; during unlocking, the oil inlet is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, the elastic component pushes the piston to reset, squeezing the hydraulic oil in the first chamber back to the oil tank, releasing the locking state. This structure simplifies the device composition and reduces the cost of use and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional oil layer burning experimental device in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a planar structural diagram showing the distribution of the anti-corrosion layer, insulation layer, and anti-permeability layer in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the outer tube body in this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the hydraulic cylinder and the bottom cover in this embodiment; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the hydraulic cylinder in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the assembly of the hydraulic cylinder and the elastic component in this embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the hydraulic cylinder in this embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the bottom cover and the pad in this embodiment; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic member in this embodiment.

[0022] In the diagram, 1. Outer pipe body; 101. Flange; 2. Top cover; 3. Bottom cover; 4. Anti-corrosion layer; 5. Insulation layer; 6. Anti-permeability layer; 7. Hydraulic cylinder; 701. Cylinder body; 702. Insulated cylinder head; 703. Piston; 704. First chamber; 705. Second chamber; 706. Oil inlet; 8. Connecting column; 9. Locking bolt; 10. Telescopic sleeve; 1001. Connecting piece; 1002. Spring; 11. Pad. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Example 1

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 Appendix Figure 6A device suitable for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments includes an outer tube 1. Flanges 101 are fixedly sleeved on the top and bottom of the outer side wall of the outer tube 1. A top cover 2 and a bottom cover 3 are detachably installed on the top and bottom ends of the outer tube 1, respectively. A hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to the top cover 2 and the bottom cover 3. The hydraulic cylinder 7 includes an open cylinder body 701 and a heat-insulating cylinder cover 702 installed in conjunction with the cylinder body 701. A piston 703 is sealed and slidably assembled inside the cylinder body 701. The piston 703 divides the cylinder body 701 into a first chamber 704 and a second chamber 705. Two oil inlets 706 are provided on the outer side wall of the cylinder body 701. The two oil inlets 706 are respectively connected to the first chamber 704 and the second chamber 705. Hydraulic oil is injected into the first chamber 704 and the second chamber 705 through the oil inlets 706 to adjust the position of the piston 703. Please see the appendix Figure 4-8 Piston 703 is uniformly provided with connecting columns 8 along its circumference. The connecting columns 8 are located in the first chamber 704 and are threadedly connected to piston 703. The connecting columns 8 all pass through the heat insulation cylinder head 702 in a sealed manner and are slidably assembled with the heat insulation cylinder head 702. The connecting columns 8 pass through the top cover 2 or bottom cover 3 and through the flange 101 in sequence. Each connecting column 8 has a blind hole coaxially opened. Each blind hole is threaded with a locking bolt 9. The head diameter of the locking bolt 9 is larger than the diameter of the connecting column 8. As piston 703 moves along cylinder 701, the locking bolt 9 abuts against the end face of flange 101, thereby locking and fixing the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3 to the outer tube 1, thus forming a closed test environment. The piston 703 is hydraulically driven to move, so that the locking load of the locking bolt 9 on the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3 is evenly distributed, ensuring the sealing effect. The locking assembly and disassembly are convenient, improving the efficiency of use. The heat-insulating cylinder head 702 is a double-layer hollow structure made of ceramic fiber, and the space between the two layers of the heat-insulating cylinder head 702 is filled with aerogel heat insulation material. The ceramic fiber has the characteristics of low thermal conductivity, high melting point and microscopic large number of tiny pores to hinder air convection and effectively block heat conduction. The air insulation layer formed by the double-layer hollow structure restricts air flow and reduces convective heat transfer, while increasing the heat transfer path length. The aerogel filled inside it has a nano-scale porous structure and high porosity, which inhibits gas heat conduction and scatters and reflects heat radiation. The three work together to effectively prevent the heat on the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3 from being transferred into the hydraulic cylinder 7, ensuring the stable operation of the device in the high temperature environment of the three-dimensional burning oil layer experiment. Please see the appendix Figure 2The inner wall of the outer pipe body 1, as well as the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3, are sequentially provided with an anti-corrosion layer 4, a heat insulation layer 5, and an anti-permeability layer 6 from the inside out. A gasket 11 is also fixedly connected to the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3. The gasket 11 is inserted into the inner wall of the outer pipe body 1 to enhance the sealing effect. The gasket 11 increases the thickness of the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3, enhancing their strength and providing better protection for the hydraulic cylinder 7. Furthermore, the anti-corrosion layer 4 and heat insulation layer 5 on the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3... The anti-permeability layer 6 is also installed on the pad 11. The anti-corrosion layer 4 can be an epoxy resin-ceramic composite coating, which is composed of commercially available epoxy resin and alumina ceramic powder (particle size 1-5μm) in a 3:7 mass ratio. It is sprayed onto the inner wall of the outer tube 1, as well as the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3, with the spray thickness controlled at 180-220μm. After the coating cures, it forms a continuous and dense organic film layer (porosity <0.5%), effectively blocking water. The alumina ceramic particles with a particle size of 1-5μm fill the molecular gaps of epoxy resin, further reducing the coating porosity to below 0.1%. This "maze effect" extends the diffusion path of corrosive media. At the same time, the addition of ceramic particles significantly improves the mechanical properties of the coating. Alumina with a Mohs hardness of 9 increases the wear resistance of the coating by 60-80%, while optimizing the coefficient of thermal expansion and reducing the risk of cracking caused by thermal cycling. The amine curing agent in epoxy resin can form a 2-5nm thick passivation film on the surface of the metal substrate. Its three-dimensional cross-linked structure gives the coating excellent acid and alkali resistance. Alumina ceramics maintain extremely low solubility in the pH range of 4-9 and have outstanding resistance to acidic gases and chloride ions. The two form a strong bond through interfacial hydrogen bonds, which increases the fracture energy by 3-5 times. When microcracks appear in the coating, the flow characteristics of epoxy resin at high temperatures can also achieve a certain degree of self-repair. The insulation layer 5 is a nano-aerogel layer. The nano-aerogel layer can be made of commercially available nano-aerogel felt, with a thickness controlled between 20-50 mm. As a porous material composed of a nanoscale solid framework and pores, nano-aerogel has an extremely low thermal conductivity. Its special microstructure greatly restricts the heat conduction of gas molecules. Its fine pore structure effectively inhibits gas molecule convection and blocks the heat convection transfer path. At the same time, nanoparticles can scatter and absorb thermal radiation, reducing the efficiency of heat radiation transfer. The synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms significantly reduces heat loss and achieves a good insulation effect. The impermeable layer 6 is a sintered clay layer, made of kaolin, quartz powder, and alumina, sintered at 800-900℃. The sintered thickness is 0.5-1 mm. During sintering, kaolin dehydrates to form mullite and cristobalite, quartz undergoes a crystal transformation, and alumina acts as a high-temperature stable phase to fill the gaps. This process causes the material volume to shrink by 15-20%, forming a multiphase ceramic structure with mullite-cristobalite as the main crystalline phase and alumina as the reinforcing phase. The apparent porosity is controlled below 5%. At the microscopic level, the sintered continuous ceramic... The matrix (pore size < 1 μm) can effectively block oil and water molecules, while the "nanopor" effect formed by alumina particles at the grain boundaries further reduces the permeation channels. The surface free energy of the material is reduced to 35-40 mN / m after sintering, exhibiting oleophobic properties. Wetting and penetration are inhibited through surface chemical action. At the same time, the thermal expansion matching between mullite and alumina ensures the structural stability of the coating in thermal cycling at 20-1200℃. After 10 rapid cooling and heating cycles, the permeability change is still less than 3%, thus demonstrating excellent barrier performance and thermomechanical stability. Example 2

[0025] Please see the appendix Figure 6 Appendix Figure 9 The cylinder body 701 has only one oil passage 706 on its outer wall, which is connected to the first chamber 704. An elastic member is installed in the second chamber 705, with its two ends abutting against the inner wall of the cylinder body 701 and the piston 703 wall, respectively, to support the position of the piston 703. The elastic member includes a telescopic sleeve 10, with connecting pieces 1001 fixedly connected to both ends of the telescopic sleeve 10. One connecting piece 1001 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder body 701, and the other connecting piece 1001 abuts against the piston 703. A spring 1002 is fitted outside the telescopic sleeve 10, with both ends of the spring 1002 abutting against the connecting pieces 1001. Next, the telescopic sleeve 10 ensures the stability of the elastic deformation of the spring 1002 and prevents it from bending. After hydraulic oil is injected into the first chamber 704 through the oil port 706, the piston 703 is controlled to move. The piston 703 pushes the telescopic sleeve 10 and the spring 1002 to retract, thereby causing the piston 703 to pull the locking bolt 9 to lock the top cover 2 or the bottom cover 3 onto the outer tube 1. When the locking is engaged, after the oil port 706 is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, the piston 703 is elastically pushed to move, squeezing the hydraulic oil in the first chamber 704 back into the hydraulic oil tank, thereby engaging the locking of the top cover 2 and the bottom cover 3. The structure is simpler and reduces the cost of use and maintenance.

[0026] The working principle of the device for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments is as follows: Before conducting the three-dimensional oil layer burning experiment, the outer tube 1, top cover 2, and bottom cover 3 need to be pretreated. An epoxy resin-ceramic composite anti-corrosion layer 4, a nano-aerogel insulation layer 5, and a sintered clay anti-permeability layer 6 are sequentially constructed on the inner walls of these three components from the inside out. After pretreatment, the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3 are assembled to the top and bottom ends of the outer tube 1, respectively. The top cover 2 and bottom cover 3 abut against the flange 101 on the outer tube 1, and the connecting columns 8 on the hydraulic cylinders 7 of the top cover 2 and bottom cover 3 penetrate the top cover 2, bottom cover 3, and flange 101, respectively. Then, the locking bolts 9 are tightened onto the connecting columns 8. Then, hydraulic oil is injected into the cylinder 701 through the oil inlet 706, pushing the piston 703 to move along the inside of the cylinder 701 and causing the connecting column 8 to move synchronously. This, in turn, pulls the locking bolt 9, making it tightly abut against the end face of the flange 101, thus achieving a firm lock between the top cover 2 and the bottom cover 3 and the outer tube 1. Due to the synchronicity of the piston 703 pulling the connecting column 8, the locking load of the locking bolt 9 is evenly distributed, significantly enhancing the sealing effect, and the operation is labor-saving and efficient. After the outer tube 1, top cover 2, and bottom cover 3 are assembled to form a closed space, a three-dimensional fire-burning oil layer experiment can be carried out. During the experiment, the sintered clay anti-permeability layer 6 can withstand the high temperature impact of 1200℃, effectively blocking oil and water molecules. The nano-aerogel insulation layer 5, with its nanoporous characteristics, significantly reduces heat loss. The epoxy resin-ceramic composite anti-corrosion layer 4 can effectively block the penetration of various corrosive media in high-temperature oil sand. The three work together to comprehensively ensure the safety and reliability of the experiment.

Claims

1. An apparatus suitable for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments, characterized in that: The outer pipe (1) is fixedly fitted with flanges (101) at the top and bottom of the outer wall of the outer pipe (1). The top and bottom of the outer pipe (1) are respectively detachably provided with top cover (2) and bottom cover (3). The outer pipe (1), top cover (2) and bottom cover (3) are respectively provided with anti-corrosion layer (4), heat insulation layer (5) and anti-permeability layer (6) from the inside to the outside. The top cover (2) and bottom cover (3) are respectively fixedly connected with hydraulic cylinders (7). The piston (703) in the hydraulic cylinder (7) is uniformly fixedly connected with connecting columns (8) along the circumference. The connecting columns (8) are sealed through the hydraulic cylinder (7) and pass through the top cover (2), bottom cover (3) and flange (101) in sequence. The connecting columns (8) are respectively coaxially threaded with locking bolts (9). The head diameter of the locking bolts (9) is larger than the diameter of the connecting columns (8) and abuts against the end face of the flange (101).

2. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder (7) includes an open cylinder body (701) and a heat-insulating cylinder cover (702) installed in conjunction with the cylinder body (701). The heat-insulating cylinder cover (702) is detachably installed with the top cover (2) or the bottom cover (3) by bolts. The piston (703) is sealed and slidably assembled with the inner wall of the cylinder body (701), and divides the cylinder body (701) into a first chamber (704) and a second chamber (705). The connecting column (8) is set in the first chamber (704), and is threadedly connected to the piston (703) and sealed through the heat-insulating cylinder cover (702). Two oil passages (706) are provided on the outer wall of the cylinder body (701), and the oil passages (706) are respectively connected to the first chamber (704) and the second chamber (705).

3. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder body (701) has only one oil passage (706) on its outer side wall. The oil passage (706) is connected to the first chamber (704), and the second chamber (705) is provided with an elastic member. The two ends of the elastic member abut against the inner wall of the cylinder body (701) and the piston (703) wall, respectively.

4. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic component includes a telescopic sleeve (10), with connecting pieces (1001) fixedly connected to both ends of the telescopic sleeve (10). One connecting piece (1001) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (701), and the other connecting piece (1001) abuts against the piston (703). A spring (1002) is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic sleeve (10), with both ends of the spring (1002) abutting against the connecting piece (1001).

5. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat-insulating cylinder head (702) is a double-layer hollow structure made of ceramic fiber material, and the space between the two layers of the heat-insulating cylinder head (702) is filled with aerogel heat-insulating material.

6. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the top cover (2) and the bottom cover (3) are provided with pads (11), which are sealed and inserted into the inner wall of the outer tube (1). The anti-corrosion layer (4), the heat insulation layer (5) and the anti-permeability layer (6) are provided on the pads (11) and the outer tube (1).

7. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The anti-corrosion layer (4) is an epoxy resin-ceramic composite coating with a thickness of 180-220μm.

8. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The insulation layer (5) is a nano-aerogel layer with a thickness of 20-50 mm.

9. The apparatus for three-dimensional oil layer burning experiments according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The impermeable layer (6) is a clay sintering layer with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm.

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