Mountain road geological disaster automatic alarm system based on displacement sensing

Abstract

This utility model discloses an automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing. It includes a driving safety guidance device that provides driving safety guidance through multimodal warning methods; and a wireless base station connected to the driving safety guidance device via wireless communication, used to receive data uploaded by the driving safety guidance device, forward control commands, and realize coordinated control of regional equipment. The driving safety guidance device integrates a long-distance tension sensor for real-time monitoring of road deformation and automatically triggers an alarm when the rate of displacement change per unit time exceeds a set threshold. By integrating sensors into the highway guidance device, a low-cost, wide-coverage automated monitoring network is formed, enabling real-time disaster detection and multi-level alarms, supporting self-checking and maintenance, significantly reducing deployment and maintenance costs, and improving response reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of road infrastructure safety monitoring technology, specifically to an automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Due to complex geological conditions (such as unstable soil and rock structures and the distribution of active seismic zones), landslides, rockfalls, sudden subsidence, and bridge collapses frequently occur along highways, seriously threatening driving safety. The industry uses a variety of technologies for the detection and alarm of road geological hazards, including driving safety guidance devices, fiber optic sensing technology, and specialized monitoring equipment, but there are still limitations.

[0003] 1. The driving safety guidance device has a single function.

[0004] Common types include standard LED warning lights and variable message signs, which mainly rely on manual inspections or meteorological data to trigger warnings. While they provide some degree of protection for driving safety, they do not have the ability to automatically detect geological disasters such as road subsidence, bridge collapses, and landslides, and cannot achieve real-time response in the early stages of a disaster.

[0005] 2. Bottlenecks in the application of fiber optic sensing technology

[0006] Some newly constructed highways use distributed fiber optic sensors to monitor structural deformation. During highway construction, optical fibers are pre-embedded within the road structure. When geological disasters such as road subsidence or deformation occur, the optical signal parameters in the optical fibers change accordingly. By analyzing and processing these changes, deformation information can be obtained. However, fiber optic sensing technology has significant drawbacks. Its construction is highly complex, requiring pre-embedded optical cables and large-scale road excavation for existing highways, resulting in high costs and traffic disruptions. Maintenance is difficult; optical cables are susceptible to mechanical damage and corrosion in outdoor environments, leading to a high failure rate. Furthermore, its coverage is limited, making it economically unfeasible to support the widespread application of fiber optic technology across China's 5.49 million kilometers of highways. Given the vast length and wide distribution of highways in my country, especially in mountainous areas where routes are scattered, a comprehensive adoption of fiber optic technology would require enormous financial investment, making it economically impractical.

[0007] 3. Limited promotion of specialized monitoring equipment

[0008] While high-end monitoring technologies (such as BeiDou / GNSS displacement monitoring, millimeter-wave radar, and deep displacement gauges) offer high accuracy (millimeter-level), their cost per point is also high. For example, millimeter-wave radar deployment requires corner reflectors, with a single-point equipment cost exceeding 100,000 yuan. For large-scale, long-mileage highway monitoring, such high costs make comprehensive deployment extremely difficult. Deploying only in key road sections fails to achieve effective monitoring of the entire highway network. Furthermore, high-end monitoring technologies are complex, requiring the integration of multiple sensors (rain gauges, crack gauges, etc.) and the establishment of dedicated power supply / communication networks, leading to significant maintenance challenges. Finally, high-end monitoring technologies have a narrow application scope, primarily focusing on monitoring key slopes. They cannot cover sudden disasters on ordinary road sections, as the location of disasters is uncertain. Not only key slopes may experience disasters, but ordinary road sections may also experience landslides, subsidence, and other sudden events. Existing high-end monitoring technologies cannot meet the need for comprehensive monitoring of ordinary road sections, resulting in monitoring blind spots. Utility Model Content

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the problems of existing technologies such as driving safety guidance devices, fiber optic sensing technology, and specialized monitoring equipment in road geological disasters, which cannot meet the industry's monitoring needs for low cost, high reliability, and comprehensive coverage. This utility model proposes an automated alarm system for mountain road geological disasters based on displacement sensing to solve the problems of existing technologies and improve the level and effect of monitoring mountain road geological disasters.

[0010] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows: an automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing, including a driving safety guidance device for providing driving safety guidance through multimodal warning methods; and a wireless base station connected to the driving safety guidance device via wireless communication, which is used to receive data uploaded by the driving safety guidance device, forward control commands, and realize regional equipment linkage control.

[0011] And a remote management center that communicates with wireless base stations via 4G / 5G networks, which is used to receive alarm information, issue control commands and monitor equipment status;

[0012] The driving safety guidance device integrates a long-distance tension sensor to monitor road deformation in real time and automatically trigger an alarm when the rate of displacement change per unit time exceeds a set threshold.

[0013] As a further improvement of this utility model, the driving safety guidance device includes:

[0014] The MCU main control unit is used to receive data from multiple sensor sources, perform fusion analysis, generate targeted control commands, and drive early warning responses.

[0015] The information acquisition unit that interacts with the MCU main control unit integrates multiple types of sensors, including a tension sensor, to collect environmental and equipment data in real time and transmit it to the MCU main control unit.

[0016] The wireless communication module, which is connected to the MCU main control unit, is used to upload alarm information, equipment status and environmental parameters to the wireless base station, and to receive remote commands from the wireless base station.

[0017] The control and management unit, based on the instruction signals from the MCU control unit, is used to drive the sound, light, and electrical early warning devices to perform corresponding warning operations.

[0018] As a further improvement of this utility model, the tension sensor is integrated into the information acquisition unit of the driving safety guidance device, and its signal output terminal is connected to the MCU main control unit to realize the real-time acquisition and processing of displacement signals.

[0019] As a further improvement of this utility model, the pull wire of the pull wire tension sensor passes through the pull ring arranged along the longitudinal guardrail or roadside to form a continuous distributed monitoring network.

[0020] As a further improvement of this utility model, the end of the pull wire of the pull wire tension sensor is fixed on the spool of the detection motor, and the detection motor can periodically tighten or release the pull wire for system self-testing and zero-point calibration.

[0021] As a further improvement of this utility model, the MCU main control unit calculates the displacement change rate of the pull wire per unit time in real time. If it exceeds the preset threshold, an alarm data packet is generated and sent to the wireless base station through the wireless communication module.

[0022] As a further improvement of this utility model, after receiving an alarm signal from a certain driving safety guidance device, the wireless base station initiates a linkage response based on the device ID therein.

[0023] As a further improvement of this utility model, the MCU main control unit can trigger alarms of corresponding levels according to the displacement change rate exceeding different set thresholds per unit time, including a first-level alarm when the threshold is low and a second-level alarm when the threshold is high.

[0024] As a further improvement of this utility model, the tension sensor is pre-tensioned to the midpoint of the range during installation, so that the tension cable is in a semi-taut state.

[0025] As a further improvement of this utility model, the highway guardrail includes a corrugated beam guardrail, a cable guardrail, and a bridge crash barrier; the body of the tension sensor is fixedly installed on the guardrail post by a snap-on bracket.

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. Overcoming Deployment Limitations: Achieving Low-Cost, High-Coverage Automated Detection of Geological Disasters: By integrating tension sensors into widely deployed traffic safety guidance devices, a continuous, distributed, automated monitoring network is established. This eliminates the need for large-scale road damage and pre-installation construction using fiber optic sensing technology, and avoids the high costs and complex maintenance issues associated with high-end specialized equipment, achieving effective coverage of long distances and large road sections.

[0028] 2. Reduce overall costs: Reusing the original power supply / communication modules and support structure of the guidance device, the modification cost is only 10% to 20% of that of a new monitoring system, and it supports rapid installation on existing highways.

[0029] 3. Linked Response and Multi-level Alarm Mechanism: Overcoming the shortcomings of traditional guidance devices that operate independently, cannot directly link with on-site emergency equipment, and have poor communication protocol compatibility, this system analyzes sensor data in real time through the MCU control unit. When the set threshold is exceeded, it automatically determines the alarm situation and generates structured alarm data. The Beidou positioning coordinates and the type of disaster are transmitted to the management center via 4G / 5G to achieve linked response. The MCU main control unit can trigger a multi-level alarm mechanism based on the displacement change rate exceeding different thresholds, realizing the differentiation and accuracy of alarm information.

[0030] 4. Periodic self-check mechanism: The motor drive module periodically controls the motor to tighten and release the lead wire, eliminating lead wire slack caused by wind vibration and temperature deformation, while cleaning up accumulated dust, ensuring measurement accuracy stability of ±0.1%FS. Once the self-check fails, a fault code is automatically reported, changing passive maintenance to proactive early warning maintenance, effectively ensuring the reliability of the system at critical moments, and reducing the difficulty and cost of long-term operation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing, according to this utility model.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a driving safety guidance device;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation method for a pull-wire tension sensor.

[0034] Figure 4 For monitoring workflow diagrams;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the self-testing process of a displacement wire sensor.

[0036] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0037] 1. Driving safety guidance device; 11. MCU main control unit; 12. Information acquisition unit; 13. Wireless communication module; 2. Wireless base station; 3. Tension sensor; 31. Pull wire; 4. Pull ring; 5. Detection motor. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To further understand the content of this utility model, a detailed description of this utility model will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. If "first" or "second" is used in the description, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0041] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0042] An automated early warning system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing, such as Figure 1-3 The device includes a driving safety guidance device 1, which provides driving safety guidance through multimodal warning methods. It enhances road outline recognition, provides driving direction guidance and rear-end collision warning through various means such as active light emission, voice prompts and warning lights, so as to effectively reduce the risk of traffic accidents in complex road conditions.

[0043] The driving safety guidance device 1 establishes a connection with the wireless base station 2 via the wireless communication module 13. The wireless base station 2 is responsible for receiving various status data collected by the driving safety guidance device 1 and uploading the data to the remote management center via the 4G / 5G network. The management center can also issue control commands to the guidance device through the wireless base station 2 to achieve remote monitoring and management of the equipment on site.

[0044] In this system, the driving safety guidance device 1 integrates a high-precision tension sensor 3 and an MCU analysis unit. When the tension sensor 3 detects a displacement change exceeding a preset threshold within a unit of time, the system immediately determines it as an alarm and transmits the alarm information to the wireless base station 2 via wireless communication. The wireless base station 2, on the one hand, activates the linkage plan and sends instructions to all driving safety guidance devices 1 in the area, causing them to synchronously perform warning operations—such as displaying warning characters and starting voice broadcasts—to remind driving vehicles to pay attention to safety; on the other hand, it uploads the on-site alarm and the corresponding BeiDou positioning coordinates to the management center via the 4G / 5G network.

[0045] Wireless base station 2 has two core functions: status data acquisition and intelligent linkage. Through the wireless link established with driving safety guidance device 1, wireless base station 2 can acquire relevant status data of driving safety guidance device 1 in real time, including key information such as the device's working status and sensor displacement data, to determine the operation of the guidance device and provide basic data support for subsequent linkage control.

[0046] When a sensor in a driving safety guidance device 1 triggers an alarm, the alarm data is transmitted wirelessly to a wireless base station 2. The wireless base station 2 then sends instructions to other driving safety guidance devices, triggering a preset linkage scheme to enable multiple devices to flash, display, or issue voice warnings simultaneously, significantly enhancing the warning effect.

[0047] Meanwhile, within the coverage area of ​​the monitoring equipment, wireless base station 2 can accurately locate the preset position code of the associated camera based on the ID number of the triggered driving safety guidance device, and issue commands to control the camera to quickly turn to the designated position. This enables the remote management center to obtain real-time images of the alarm point immediately, providing a strong basis for efficient decision-making.

[0048] Driving safety guidance devices 1 are generally designed to improve road driving safety and are typically installed in accident-prone sections, such as both sides of highways, curves, bridges, tunnel entrances and exits, and ramps. Their core components include: an MCU main control unit 11, which receives data from multiple sensor sources, performs fusion analysis, assesses road risk levels in real time, generates targeted control commands, and drives early warning responses.

[0049] The information acquisition unit 12 integrates multiple types of sensors, including the tension sensor 3, to collect data in real time and transmit it to the MCU main control unit.

[0050] The control and management unit, based on the instructions of the MCU main control unit 11, releases early warning information through methods such as displaying warning modes with high-brightness LED light arrays, directional voice broadcasts, and dynamic information boards;

[0051] The wireless communication module 13 is used to upload data such as alarm information, equipment status and environmental parameters to the wireless base station, and to receive remote commands from the wireless base station 2.

[0052] The power supply module typically uses solar power, which provides a stable power supply to each unit after voltage conversion and regulation.

[0053] To enable geological disaster alarms, a tension sensor 3 is installed on the driving safety guidance device 1. Its main body is fixedly mounted on the road lateral base or the driving safety guidance device bracket. The tension sensor 31 can be extended with thin single-strand or multi-strand wires, such as... Figure 3 The pull wire 31 passes through the stainless steel pull ring 4 arranged along the longitudinal direction of the road or the roadside to form a continuous measurement and control point. The end of the pull wire 4 is fixedly connected to the reel of the detection motor 5.

[0054] When installing the cable tension sensor 3, the installation positions of the head end of the cable tension sensor 3 and the end of the cable detection motor 5 must be accurately determined in the area where the driving safety guidance device 1 is located. Through scientific measurement, it is ensured that when the cable 4 is pulled out from the head end to the end end, its extension length is half the range of the sensor, thereby ensuring that the cable 4 can maintain a moderately taut state within the elastic range.

[0055] When geological disasters cause road deformation, such as road subsidence, bridge collapse, or landslides invading the road surface, the tension cable may be compressed, broken, or its position may change due to a change in the position of the eye bolts, causing the sensor's measured length to change. Once the length change per unit time exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm is triggered, generating alarm data with an ID number, which is transmitted to wireless base station 2 via a wireless link. Upon receiving the data, wireless base station 2 notifies other guidance devices to activate audible and visual warnings, and simultaneously retrieves the preset position of the associated camera based on the ID number, driving the pan-tilt unit to turn towards the alarm point for monitoring.

[0056] The system workflow is as follows:

[0057] 1. System initialization configuration

[0058] 1.1. After the tension sensor 3 is fixed, the pull wire extends to the midpoint of the range (semi-taut state), and the spring tension ensures that the pull wire is taut and not slack.

[0059] 1.2. After the tension sensor is powered on, perform zero-point calibration (4mA / 0V output when the cable is retracted) and full-scale calibration (20mA / 10V output when the cable is fully extended) to establish a linear mapping between displacement and electrical signal.

[0060] 2. Geological disaster-triggered displacement changes

[0061] 2.1. Road surface settlement / landslide: The moving object squeezes the cable, causing the cable 4 to retract, the sensor hub to rotate counterclockwise, and the encoder resistance / pulse count to decrease.

[0062] 2.2. Bridge collapse: The displacement of the anchor point causes the guy wire 4 to break or loosen, and the sudden change in spring tension causes the output signal to jump to over-range or zero.

[0063] 2.3 Lifting eye bolt displacement: Deformation of the mounting bracket causes the pull cable to deflect at a 4-degree angle (±12° allowed), which still causes a change in effective length after compensation by the universal joint.

[0064] 3. Alarm Detection and Data Generation

[0065] 3.1. The controller calculates the rate of change of displacement per unit time in real time (e.g., Δd / Δt ≥ 5 mm / s).

[0066] 3.2. When the threshold is exceeded, a structured alarm data packet is generated, which includes the device ID, displacement value, rate of change, timestamp, etc. (e.g., AlertID = RD2025; Δd = 120mm; t = 15:23:11).

[0067] 4. Wireless transmission and base station response

[0068] 4.1 The alarm data packet is sent to wireless base station 2 via the LoRa / 4G module (transmission delay ≤ 50ms).

[0069] 4.2 After resolving the ID, the wireless base station executes a dual-channel response:

[0070] (1) Channel 1: Sends a command to the associated driving safety guidance device 1 to trigger the red flashing light and voice broadcast (e.g., "Landslide 200 meters ahead, please detour!").

[0071] (2) Channel 2: Retrieve the preset position coordinates of the bound camera based on the ID (e.g., Pan = 120°, Tilt = 45°) and drive the pan-tilt unit to turn to the alarm point.

[0072] 5. Multi-terminal linkage verification

[0073] 5.1 The driving safety guidance device 1 performs graded warnings. It triggers alarms of the corresponding level according to the displacement change rate exceeding different set thresholds per unit time. When the threshold is low, a yellow light warning is given; when the threshold is high, a red light prohibits driving and the alarm information is remotely pushed to the navigation APP.

[0074] 5.2 The camera initiates AI recognition to perform video analysis on disaster characteristics such as displacement (e.g., crack expansion, rockfall) and transmits the video with superimposed alarm ID back to the management center.

[0075] Alarm triggering is a low-probability event, and devices typically remain in standby mode for extended periods. To ensure system reliability when an alarm is triggered, devices need to periodically perform self-checks to verify their operational status. This self-check mechanism is crucial for maintaining system reliability.

[0076] A motor drive module is installed on the driving safety guidance device 1. During the self-test, the motor drive module drives the detection motor to periodically tighten and release the cable (the period can be set from 1 to 30 days) to eliminate mechanical slack and trigger sensor zero-point calibration. The self-test process is as follows (refer to...). Figure 5 ):

[0077] 1. Disable alarm enable.

[0078] 2. Start the detection motor 5 and rotate it to tighten the lead wire by N millimeters, then stop.

[0079] 3. Obtain the current value of the tension sensor 3 and calculate whether the difference between the current value and the median value is within a reasonable range.

[0080] 4. Restart the detection motor 5, rotate it in the opposite direction to release the lead wire by N millimeters, and then stop. Read the value of the tension sensor 3 again and compare the deviation with the median value.

[0081] 5. If both deviations are within a reasonable range, the median value is recalibrated, the alarm function is activated, and the system returns to normal detection status.

[0082] 6. If the difference in any of the above self-test steps exceeds the reasonable range, the self-test fails, the equipment reports a fault code to the management center, and requests on-site maintenance.

[0083] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing, characterized in that: It includes a driving safety guidance device for providing driving safety guidance through multimodal warning methods; and a wireless base station connected to the driving safety guidance device via wireless communication, which is used to receive data uploaded by the driving safety guidance device, forward control commands, and realize the linkage control of regional equipment; And a remote management center that communicates with wireless base stations via 4G / 5G networks, which is used to receive alarm information, issue control commands and monitor equipment status; The driving safety guidance device integrates a long-distance tension sensor to monitor road deformation in real time and automatically trigger an alarm when the rate of displacement change per unit time exceeds a set threshold.

2. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving safety guidance device includes: The MCU main control unit is used to receive data from multiple sensor sources, perform fusion analysis, generate targeted control commands, and drive early warning responses. The information acquisition unit that interacts with the MCU main control unit integrates multiple types of sensors, including a tension sensor, to collect environmental and equipment data in real time and transmit it to the MCU main control unit. The wireless communication module, which is connected to the MCU main control unit, is used to upload alarm information, equipment status and environmental parameters to the wireless base station, and to receive remote commands from the wireless base station. The control and management unit, based on the instruction signals from the MCU control unit, is used to drive the sound, light, and electrical early warning devices to perform corresponding warning operations.

3. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tension sensor is integrated into the information acquisition unit of the driving safety guidance device, and its signal output is connected to the MCU main control unit to realize the real-time acquisition and processing of displacement signals.

4. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tension sensor's tension wire passes through pull rings arranged along the longitudinal guardrail or roadside to form a continuous, distributed monitoring network.

5. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the pull wire of the tension sensor is fixed to the spool of the detection motor. The detection motor can periodically tighten or release the pull wire for system self-testing and zero-point calibration.

6. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The MCU main control unit calculates the displacement change rate of the pull wire per unit time in real time. If it exceeds the preset threshold, an alarm data packet is generated and sent to the wireless base station through the wireless communication module.

7. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 6, characterized in that: After receiving an alarm signal from a traffic safety guidance device, the wireless base station initiates a linkage response based on the device ID.

8. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The MCU main control unit can trigger alarms of corresponding levels based on the displacement change rate exceeding different set thresholds per unit time, including a level one alarm for low thresholds and a level two alarm for high thresholds.

9. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tension sensor is pre-tensioned to the midpoint of its range during installation, so that the tension cable is in a semi-taut state.

10. The automated alarm system for geological disasters on mountain roads based on displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Highway guardrails include corrugated beam guardrails, cable guardrails, and bridge crash barriers; the body of the tension sensor is fixedly installed on the guardrail post by a snap-on bracket.

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