A patch antenna

Abstract

This application provides a patch antenna. The patch antenna includes: a first laminate, a dielectric substrate, a second laminate, and a third laminate. A first metal layer is coated on the first laminate, and one side of the first metal layer has parasitic elements and a frequency selective surface element. A second metal layer is coated on the second laminate, and a radiating element is disposed on the second metal layer. The dielectric substrate is disposed between the first and second metal layers. A third metal layer is coated on the other side of the second laminate, and a feed line is disposed on the third metal layer. The feed line has multiple feed points, and multiple metal vias are formed on the second laminate. One end of each metal via extends to a radiating element, and the other end extends to a feed point. A fourth metal layer, configurable as a ground terminal for the patch antenna, is coated on the third laminate. By incorporating a frequency selective surface element, the beamwidth of this patch antenna is widened without affecting the antenna circuit parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a patch antenna. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the large-angle scanning specifications of phased array antennas (a phased array antenna consists of an array of multiple patch antennas, and each patch antenna is an independent control unit of the phased array; therefore, the phased array antenna can achieve beam scanning by controlling the phase of each element), the element beamwidth (the beamwidth of a single patch antenna in a phased array antenna, used for wide coverage before array synthesis) must be much larger than the conventional 65° beamwidth (the horizontal beamwidth of standard antennas such as base station antennas or common antennas, typically 65°, used for medium-range coverage).

[0003] In a phased array antenna, the wide beam of a single element is combined by the array to be much greater than 65°, which significantly narrows the overall beamwidth and thus achieves high directivity.

[0004] For patch antennas, current market solutions mainly reduce the size of patch antennas by increasing the spacing between the upper and lower patches, changing the thickness of the substrate, adding isolation barriers, shortening the size of the antenna element patches, or using materials with high dielectric constants. This is to achieve a better beamwidth (actively increasing the main lobe width so that the patch antenna signal can cover a wider area) and thus meet the large-angle scanning requirements of phased array antennas.

[0005] Traditional patch antenna techniques for widening beamwidth often degrade the bandwidth of the patch antenna, thus preventing it from widening the beamwidth without affecting the performance of the antenna circuit parameters. Utility Model Content

[0006] The patch antenna provided by this utility model aims to solve at least some of the defects of existing patch antennas.

[0007] This invention provides a patch antenna. The patch antenna includes: First laminate, dielectric substrate, second laminate, and third laminate; The first laminate is coated with a first metal layer on any surface in its thickness direction, and the first metal layer is provided with a preset parasitic unit and a frequency selective surface unit. The second laminate has a second metal layer coated on one side in its thickness direction, and a preset radiating unit is provided on the second metal layer; The dielectric substrate is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer to restrict direct contact between the first metal layer and the second metal layer; The second laminate is coated with a third metal layer on its other side in the thickness direction, and a preset power supply line is provided on the third metal layer; The feed line has multiple feed points, and the second laminate has multiple metal vias corresponding to the feed points; One end of the metal via extends to the radiating element, and the other end of the metal via extends to the feed point. The radiating unit is electrically connected to the feed point through the metal via; The third laminate is coated with a fourth metal layer on any surface in its thickness direction, and the fourth metal layer is configured as the ground terminal of the patch antenna. The fourth metal layer has through holes, which have shapes and sizes that are compatible with the power supply point, and the location of the through holes corresponds to the location of the power supply point.

[0008] In some embodiments, the parasitic unit is disc-shaped and has a predetermined first physical diameter in its radial direction; Wherein, the first physical diameter is one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic unit in the first laminate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiating element is disk-shaped and has a predetermined second physical diameter in its radial direction; The second physical diameter is one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiating unit in the third laminate.

[0010] In some embodiments, the feed point and the center of the radiating element are at a predetermined first physical distance in the radial direction of the radiating element; Wherein, the first physical distance is one-eighth to one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiating unit in the third laminate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the frequency selective surface unit is a regular octagon, and the center of the frequency selective surface unit coincides with the center of the parasitic unit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the center position of the frequency selective surface unit and the parasitic unit is at a predetermined second physical distance in the radial direction of the parasitic unit; The second physical distance is one-sixteenth to one-eighth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic unit in the first laminate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic waves generated by the parasitic unit and the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating unit are superimposed and radiated.

[0014] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating element can be coupled to the parasitic element and the frequency selective surface element.

[0015] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic waves generated by the frequency-selective surface unit are superimposed and radiated with the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating unit and the electromagnetic waves generated by the parasitic unit.

[0016] In some embodiments, the plurality of feed points are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the radiating element.

[0017] At least one beneficial effect of the patch antenna provided in this embodiment of the present invention is that the patch antenna can broaden its beamwidth without affecting the performance of the antenna circuit parameters by incorporating a frequency selective surface element. Attached Figure Description

[0018] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stacked structure of the patch antenna provided in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the parasitic unit, radiating unit, metal via, feed point and fourth metal layer cooperate with each other; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which parasitic units, frequency selective surface units, radiating units, metal vias, feed points and a fourth metal layer cooperate with each other; Figure 4 The image shows the simulation results of the return loss of a patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements. Figure 5 This is a simulation result of the isolation of a patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements. Figure 6 The image shows the simulation results of a patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements on a horizontal plane at a working frequency of 10 GHz and a phase of 0°. Figure 7 The image shows the vertical plane simulation results of a patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements at a working frequency of 10 GHz and a phase angle of 90°. Figure 8The image shows the horizontal simulation results of a patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements at an operating frequency of 11.5 GHz and a phase angle of 0°. Figure 9 The image shows the vertical plane simulation results of the patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements at an operating frequency of 11.5 GHz and a 90° phase. Figure 10 The image shows the simulation results of a patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements on a horizontal plane at an operating frequency of 13 GHz and a phase of 0°. Figure 11 The image shows the vertical plane simulation results of the patch antenna without frequency selective surface elements at a working frequency of 13 GHz and a phase angle of 90°. Figure 12 This is a simulation result of the return loss of a patch antenna with frequency selective surface elements added. Figure 13 This is a simulation result of the isolation of a patch antenna with frequency selective surface elements added. Figure 14 This is a simulation result of a patch antenna with added frequency selective surface elements on a horizontal plane at a working frequency of 10 GHz and a phase of 0°. Figure 15 The image shows the vertical plane simulation results of the patch antenna with added frequency selective surface elements at a working frequency of 10 GHz and a phase of 90°. Figure 16 The image shows the simulation results of a patch antenna with added frequency selective surface elements on a horizontal plane at an operating frequency of 11.5 GHz and a phase angle of 0°. Figure 17 The image shows the vertical plane simulation results of the patch antenna with added frequency selective surface elements at an operating frequency of 11.5 GHz and a 90° phase. Figure 18 This is a simulation result of a patch antenna with added frequency selective surface elements on a horizontal plane at an operating frequency of 13 GHz and a phase of 0°. Figure 19 The image shows the vertical plane simulation results of a patch antenna with added frequency selective surface elements at a working frequency of 13 GHz and a phase angle of 90°.

[0020] Reference numerals: 100, patch antenna; 1, first laminate; 2, dielectric substrate; 3, second laminate; 4, third laminate; 101, parasitic element; 102, frequency selective surface element; 301, radiating element; 302, metal via; 303, feed point; 401, fourth metal layer. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope and application of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "vertical," "parallel," "thickness direction," etc., used in this specification indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. The terms "installation," "connection," "joining," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," "third," or "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; "a plurality" or "several" means two or more; and "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] The term "beamwidth" refers to the main lobe width of a patch antenna, defined as the angle at which the power drops to half of its maximum value (i.e., -3dB).

[0024] Beamwidth is divided into horizontal beamwidth and vertical beamwidth; for example, the horizontal beamwidth of a conventional base station antenna is about 65°.

[0025] The term "beamwidth extension" refers to actively increasing the main lobe width of a patch antenna, thereby enabling the patch antenna's signal to cover a wider area; for example, extending the original 70° beamwidth to more than 120° to meet the needs of large-area coverage.

[0026] The term "frequency selective surface" refers to an electromagnetic control structure composed of periodically arranged passive resonant units, which has frequency selective characteristics.

[0027] The core function of a frequency selective surface (FSS) is to achieve precise control of electromagnetic waves by reflecting or transmitting electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band.

[0028] The working principle of a frequency selective surface: A frequency selective surface (FSS) is formed by periodically arranging unit patterns of a specific shape to form a two-dimensional periodic array structure; the reflection and transmission characteristics of an FSS are functions of frequency; when an electromagnetic wave is incident on an FSS, only electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency can pass through or be reflected, while electromagnetic waves of other frequencies are blocked, thus achieving frequency selectivity.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-3 The patch antenna 100 includes: a first laminate 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a second laminate 3, and a third laminate 4.

[0030] The first laminate 1 is coated with a first metal layer on any surface in its thickness direction, and the first metal layer is provided with a preset parasitic unit 101 and a frequency selective surface unit 102.

[0031] In addition, the second laminate 3 is coated with a second metal layer on one side in its thickness direction, and a preset radiation unit 301 is provided on the second metal layer.

[0032] In addition, the dielectric substrate 2 is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer to restrict direct contact between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

[0033] The dielectric substrate 2 not only achieves physical isolation between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, but also provides mechanical support, thereby effectively ensuring the normal operation and performance of the patch antenna 100.

[0034] The dielectric substrate 2 serves as an isolation layer, forming a certain level of isolation and protection between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. This prevents direct contact between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, thus avoiding short circuits and effectively ensuring the normal operation of the patch antenna 100.

[0035] The dielectric substrate 2 serves as a mechanical support, which can enhance the structural strength of the patch antenna 100, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the patch antenna 100.

[0036] Parasitic unit 101 and radiating unit 301 are deployed between the first laminate 1 and the second laminate 3. Dual-port independent transmission is achieved through orthogonal polarization design (±45°). Therefore, patch antenna 100 is a dual-polarized port antenna.

[0037] It should be noted that the second laminate 3 is coated with a third metal layer on the other side in its thickness direction, and a preset power supply line is provided on the third metal layer.

[0038] It is understandable that the feeder line has multiple feed points 303, and the second platen 3 has multiple metal vias 302 corresponding to the feed points 303.

[0039] Specifically, one end of the metal via 302 extends to the radiating element 301, and the other end of the metal via 302 extends to the feed point 303.

[0040] In this embodiment, the radiating element 301 is electrically connected to the feed point 303 through the metal via 302, so that the signal of the patch antenna 100 is fed through the feed point 303 and transmitted to the radiating element 301 through the metal via 302.

[0041] Specifically, the third laminate 4 is coated with a fourth metal layer 401 on any surface in its thickness direction, and the fourth metal layer 401 is configured as the ground terminal of the patch antenna 100.

[0042] To further explain, a through hole is provided on the fourth metal layer 401. The through hole has a shape and size that are compatible with the power supply point 303, and the location of the through hole corresponds to the location of the power supply point 303.

[0043] By creating vias in the fourth metal layer 401 or by hollowing out the area where the fourth metal layer overlaps with the feed point 303, short circuits can be prevented, parasitic capacitance can be reduced, and impedance matching can be optimized.

[0044] The method of hollowing out the area where the fourth metal layer overlaps with the feed point 303 can prevent the feed line from directly contacting the fourth metal layer and causing a short circuit.

[0045] In addition, if the fourth metal layer retains metal (e.g., copper foil) at the point where it overlaps with the feed point 303, this will cause the patch antenna 100 to form a parasitic capacitance, thereby coupling the radio frequency signal to the fourth metal layer, which will weaken the signal strength of the patch antenna 100 and ensure that the signal of the patch antenna 100 can be transmitted efficiently.

[0046] In addition, the hollowed-out area can form a specific geometry (e.g., through-holes) to adjust the impedance matching between the feed point 303 and the radiating element 301, thereby improving the performance of the patch antenna 100.

[0047] In some embodiments, refer to Figures 1-3 It is known that the parasitic unit 101 is in the shape of a disk, and the parasitic unit 101 has a preset first physical diameter in its radial direction.

[0048] It should be noted that the first physical diameter is one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic unit 101 in the first laminate 1.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the radiation unit 301 is in the shape of a disk, and the radiation unit 301 has a preset second physical diameter in its radial direction.

[0050] It should be noted that the second physical diameter is one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiation unit 301 in the third laminate 4.

[0051] In some embodiments, combined with Figures 1-3 It can be seen that the center position of the power supply point 303 and the center position of the radiation unit 301 are at a preset first physical distance in the radial direction of the radiation unit 301.

[0052] It should be noted that the first physical distance is one-eighth to one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiation unit 301 in the third laminate 4.

[0053] In some embodiments, according to Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the frequency selective surface unit 102 is a regular octagon, and the center of the frequency selective surface unit 102 coincides with the center of the parasitic unit 101.

[0054] In some embodiments, by Figures 1-3 It can be seen that the center positions of the frequency selective surface unit 102 and the parasitic unit 101 are at a preset second physical distance in the radial direction of the parasitic unit 101.

[0055] It should be noted that the second physical distance is one-sixteenth to one-eighth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic unit 101 in the first laminate 1.

[0056] In some embodiments, refer to Figures 1-3 It can be seen that the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating unit 301 radiate into free space and are further coupled to the parasitic unit 101.

[0057] It should be noted that by selecting appropriate parasitic unit size, the designer can make the electromagnetic waves generated by the parasitic unit 101 superimpose and radiate with the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating unit 301, thereby improving the circuit parameters of the patch antenna 100 and enhancing its radiation performance.

[0058] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figures 1-3 The electromagnetic waves generated by the radiation unit 301 radiate into free space and couple to the parasitic unit 101 and the frequency selective surface unit 102.

[0059] Furthermore, by setting appropriate positions and sizes of the frequency selective surface unit, the designer can make the electromagnetic waves generated by the frequency selective surface unit 102 superimpose and radiate with the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating unit 301 and the parasitic unit 101, thereby changing the electromagnetic radiation path and thus broadening the beamwidth and radiation performance of the patch antenna 100.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, multiple feed points 303 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the radiating element 301.

[0061] To help readers understand the concept of this utility model, a simulation experiment of the patch antenna 100 is conducted below.

[0062] In this simulation experiment, please refer to Figure 1 The first laminate 1 is made of ceramic-filled hydrocarbon resin / glass fiber reinforced composite material (e.g., RO4350B), with a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a thickness of 0.254 mm; the dielectric substrate 2 is made of flame-retardant epoxy resin glass fiber composite material (e.g., FR4), with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm; the second laminate 3 is made of ceramic-filled hydrocarbon resin / glass fiber reinforced composite material (e.g., RO4350B), with a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a thickness of 0.762 mm; the third laminate 4 is made of ceramic-filled hydrocarbon resin / glass fiber reinforced composite material (e.g., RO4350B), with a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0063] Combining 1- Figure 3 As can be seen, since the dual-polarization feed points of the patch antenna 100 are symmetrically placed, only the radiation pattern performance of one port is used for comparison in this study.

[0064] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the return loss of the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 is less than -11.0 dB.

[0065] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the isolation of the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 is less than -12.3 dBi.

[0066] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 has a horizontal beamwidth of 93.9°, a main lobe amplitude of 6.43 dBi, a main lobe direction of 1°, and a side lobe level of -11.3 dB at a 10 GHz operating frequency and 0° phase.

[0067] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 has a vertical beamwidth of 93.4°, a main lobe amplitude of 6.69 dBi, a main lobe direction of 1°, and a side lobe level of -10.9 dB at a 10 GHz operating frequency and a 90° phase.

[0068] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 has a horizontal beamwidth of 88.8°, a main lobe amplitude of 7.19 dBi, a main lobe direction of 1°, and a side lobe level of -15.4 dB at an operating frequency of 11.5 GHz and a phase of 0°.

[0069] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 9 As shown, the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 has a vertical flat beamwidth of 87.5°, a main lobe amplitude of 7.19 dBi, a main lobe direction of 0°, and a side lobe level of -15.4 dB at an operating frequency of 11.5 GHz and a phase of 90°.

[0070] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 10 As shown, the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 has a horizontal beamwidth of 80.7°, a main lobe amplitude of 7.51dBi, a main lobe direction of 0°, and a side lobe level of -17.6dB at a working frequency of 13GHz and a phase of 0°.

[0071] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 11 As shown, the patch antenna 100 without the frequency selective surface element 102 has a vertical flat beamwidth of 81.9°, a main lobe amplitude of 7.55 dBi, a main lobe direction of 2°, and a side lobe level of -18.5 dB when operating at a frequency of 13 GHz and a phase of 90°.

[0072] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 12 As shown, the return loss of the patch antenna 100 with frequency selective surface unit 102 is less than -10.8dB.

[0073] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 13As shown, the isolation of the patch antenna 100 with frequency selective surface unit 102 is less than -12.6 dBi.

[0074] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 14 As shown, the patch antenna 100 with added frequency selective surface unit 102 has a horizontal beamwidth of 97.5°, a main lobe amplitude of 6.55dBi, a main lobe direction of 1°, and a side lobe level of -10dB at a working frequency of 10GHz and a phase of 0°.

[0075] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 15 As shown, the patch antenna 100 with added frequency selective surface unit 102 has a vertical beamwidth of 96.5°, a main lobe amplitude of 6.55dBi, a main lobe direction of 0°, and a side lobe level of -10dB at a 10GHz operating frequency and 90° phase.

[0076] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 16 As shown, the patch antenna 100 with added frequency selective surface unit 102 has a horizontal beamwidth of 90.8°, a main lobe amplitude of 6.75dBi, a main lobe direction of 1°, and a side lobe level of -13.6dB at an operating frequency of 11.5GHz and a phase of 0°.

[0077] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 17 As shown, the patch antenna 100 with added frequency selective surface unit 102 has a vertical flat beamwidth of 94.3°, a main lobe amplitude of 6.79dBi, and a main lobe direction of 5° at an operating frequency of 11.5GHz and a phase of 90°.

[0078] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 18 As shown, the patch antenna 100 with added frequency selective surface unit 102 has a horizontal beamwidth of 82.5°, a main lobe amplitude of 7.51dBi, a main lobe direction of 0°, and a side lobe level of -17.1dB at a working frequency of 13GHz and a phase of 0°.

[0079] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 19 As shown, the patch antenna 100 with added frequency selective surface unit 102 has a vertical flat beamwidth of 83.7°, a main lobe amplitude of 7.51dBi, a main lobe direction of 0°, and a side lobe level of -17.1dB at a working frequency of 13GHz and a phase of 90°.

[0080] Combination Figures 1-19 It can be seen that the return loss and isolation of the patch antenna 100 with the addition of the frequency selective surface unit 102 do not change much; compared with the patch antenna 100 without the addition of the frequency selective surface unit 102, the beamwidth of the patch antenna 100 with the addition of the frequency selective surface unit 102 can be widened to a maximum of 6.8°, which achieves the broadband high-performance index requirements of the patch antenna 100.

[0081] It should be noted that the patch antenna 100 is not only applicable to the 10GHz to 13GHz frequency band, but also to other frequency bands.

[0082] Figure 4 and Figure 12 In this context, S1,1 refers to the input reflection coefficient, while S2,2 refers to the output reflection coefficient. The return loss of the patch antenna 100 is S2,2.

[0083] Figure 5 and Figure 13 S2,1 in the figure refers to the transmission coefficient. The smaller S2,1 is, the greater the isolation. In this case, the signal leakage of the patch antenna 100 is smaller and its independence is higher.

[0084] In summary, the patch antenna provided by this embodiment of the invention, through the addition of a frequency-selective surface element, can broaden the beamwidth of the patch antenna without affecting the performance parameters of the antenna circuit. Therefore, the patch antenna provided by this embodiment of the invention has a certain degree of novelty compared to traditional patch antennas.

[0085] The above description, in conjunction with specific / preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of these fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A patch antenna, characterized in that, include: First laminate, dielectric substrate, second laminate, and third laminate; The first laminate is coated with a first metal layer on any surface in its thickness direction, and the first metal layer is provided with a preset parasitic unit and a frequency selective surface unit. The second laminate has a second metal layer coated on one side in its thickness direction, and a preset radiating unit is provided on the second metal layer; The dielectric substrate is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer to restrict direct contact between the first metal layer and the second metal layer; The second laminate is coated with a third metal layer on its other side in the thickness direction, and a preset power supply line is provided on the third metal layer; The feed line has multiple feed points, and the second laminate has multiple metal vias corresponding to the feed points; One end of the metal via extends to the radiating element, and the other end of the metal via extends to the feed point. The radiating unit is electrically connected to the feed point through the metal via; The third laminate is coated with a fourth metal layer on any surface in its thickness direction, and the fourth metal layer is configured as the ground terminal of the patch antenna. The fourth metal layer has through holes, which have shapes and sizes that are compatible with the power supply point, and the location of the through holes corresponds to the location of the power supply point.

2. The patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parasitic unit is disc-shaped and has a predetermined first physical diameter in its radial direction; Wherein, the first physical diameter is one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic unit in the first laminate.

3. The patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating element is in the shape of a disk, and the radiating element has a predetermined second physical diameter in its radial direction; The second physical diameter is one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiating unit in the third laminate.

4. The patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed point and the center of the radiating unit are at a predetermined first physical distance in the radial direction of the radiating unit; Wherein, the first physical distance is one-eighth to one-quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiating unit in the third laminate.

5. The patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency selective surface unit is in the shape of a regular octagon, and the center of the frequency selective surface unit coincides with the center of the parasitic unit.

6. The patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The center positions of the frequency selective surface unit and the parasitic unit are at a predetermined second physical distance in the radial direction of the parasitic unit; The second physical distance is one-sixteenth to one-eighth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the parasitic unit in the first laminate.

7. The patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic waves generated by the parasitic unit and the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating unit are superimposed and radiated.

8. The patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating unit can be coupled to the parasitic unit and the frequency selective surface unit.

9. The patch antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electromagnetic waves generated by the frequency-selective surface unit are superimposed and radiated by the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiation unit and the electromagnetic waves generated by the parasitic unit.

10. The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The plurality of feed points are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the radiating element.

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