Data Center Power Distribution System

Abstract

A data center power distribution system is provided, comprising: a first DC output cabinet including a first input path configured to receive a first DC power from a main power supply and at least one first output path configured to output a second DC power, each first output path including a first circuit protection device; and a row head cabinet including at least one sub-row head cabinet, the at least one sub-row head cabinet including a second input path and at least one second output path, the second input path being configured to receive the second DC power, each second output path being configured to output a third DC power to supply the load of the data center, the second input path including a second circuit protection device, and each second output path including a first solid-state circuit breaker. This data center power distribution system is suitable for high-voltage DC power supply and distribution, solving the shortcomings of existing data center power distribution systems such as poor safety and reliability, large size, and high cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of power supply and distribution technology, specifically relating to a data center power distribution system, and more particularly to a data center power distribution system utilizing solid-state circuit breakers. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely to provide background information related to this utility model to aid in understanding it, and this background information does not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Data centers are dedicated physical facilities that centrally store, process, and manage massive amounts of data. Their core function is to provide a secure and reliable environment to support the efficient operation of servers, storage, and network equipment, making them the "heart" of the modern digital economy. Data center power distribution systems are the core infrastructure ensuring the stable operation of data centers, primarily responsible for efficiently and reliably distributing external power to critical loads such as servers, storage, and network equipment. With the increasing power density and stringent energy efficiency requirements of data centers, the application scenarios for DC power distribution, especially high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power distribution, are gradually expanding. In particular, HVDC power distribution is irreplaceable in application scenarios such as long-distance power distribution, ultra-high power density, and direct renewable energy supply. However, current data center HVDC power distribution systems still suffer from drawbacks such as complex architecture, large footprint, significant dynamic response latency, and insufficient operational stability and security protection capabilities, failing to meet the rigid demands of the explosive growth of AI computing power for ultra-high power density, microsecond-level fault response, carbon neutrality, and intrinsic safety protection. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide a data center power distribution system, which includes:

[0005] A first DC output cabinet includes a first input path and at least one first output path, the first input path being configured to receive a first DC power supply from a mains power supply, and each of the at least one first output path being configured to output a second DC power supply and including a first circuit protection device; and

[0006] A column head unit includes at least one sub-column head unit corresponding to the at least one first output path, the at least one sub-column head unit including a second input path and at least one second output path, the second input path being configured to receive a second DC power, each of the at least one second output path being configured to output a third DC power to provide to the load of the data center, wherein the second input path includes a second circuit protection device, and each of the at least one second output path includes a first solid-state circuit breaker.

[0007] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, the second circuit protection device includes a second solid-state circuit breaker, and the threshold current of the second solid-state circuit breaker is greater than the threshold current of the first solid-state circuit breaker.

[0008] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, the first circuit protection device includes a third solid-state circuit breaker, and the threshold current of the third solid-state circuit breaker is greater than the threshold current of the second solid-state circuit breaker.

[0009] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, the first input path includes a fourth solid-state circuit breaker, the threshold current of the fourth solid-state circuit breaker being greater than the threshold current of the third solid-state circuit breaker.

[0010] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, it further includes a battery output cabinet, which is configured to provide DC power from the battery to the first DC output cabinet.

[0011] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, the battery output cabinet includes a fifth solid-state circuit breaker, and the threshold current of the fifth solid-state circuit breaker is greater than the threshold current of the first solid-state circuit breaker.

[0012] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, it further includes a second DC output cabinet, which is configured to provide DC power from the backup power supply to the column head cabinet.

[0013] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, the at least one sub-row head cabinet includes another second input path, which is used to receive DC power from the second DC output cabinet.

[0014] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, the other second input path includes a sixth solid-state circuit breaker, the threshold current of which is greater than the threshold current of the first solid-state circuit breaker.

[0015] According to the data center power distribution system of this utility model, preferably, the main power supply is a Panamax power supply or a solid-state transformer power supply.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the data center power distribution system of this invention is particularly suitable for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply and distribution, and has high reliability and security, small size, low cost and strong controllability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a data center power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a data center power distribution system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a data center power distribution system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 The circuit topology of a data center power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0023] Figure 6 This is a circuit topology for a data center power distribution system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] See Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural block diagram of a data center power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The power distribution system 100 is configured to supply DC power from a power source 101 to the loads 104 of the data center. In this embodiment, the data center includes a power distribution system and electrical loads (hereinafter referred to as "loads"). Loads may include, for example, server racks (also called IT racks), which are equipped with IT equipment such as servers and corresponding power modules. Supplying power to the data center loads means supplying power to the load's power modules, such as powering the server power supply. The DC power output from the power source 101 can be DC power provided by rectified AC-DC conversion from mains power, DC power provided by a battery, or DC power provided by both. The data center loads 104 include N (N≥1) server racks 10411~1041 N In this utility model, they are collectively referred to as server rack 1041. The power distribution system 100 includes a DC output cabinet 102, a remote power panel (RPP) 103, and a DC bus connected between the DC output cabinet 102 and the remote power panel 103.

[0026] The DC output cabinet 102 includes a first input path and N first output paths P1~PN. The DC output cabinet 102 is configured to distribute the first DC power received from the power supply 101 into N second DC power sources and output the second DC power. The first input path is configured to receive the first DC power from the power supply 101, and each of the N first output paths is configured to output the second DC power. The first output path P1 includes a first circuit protection device 10211, and the Nth first output path PN includes a first circuit protection device 10211. N In this utility model, the first circuit protection devices 10211, ... and 1021 N Collectively referred to as the first circuit protection device 1021, each first output path of the DC output cabinet 102 includes the first circuit protection device 1021. In a DC electrical system, circuit protection devices are core components that ensure the safety of circuits and equipment. They are used to protect against faults such as overcurrent, overtemperature, short circuit, overvoltage, and undervoltage. Their core function is to quickly disconnect the fault path when a circuit fault occurs. For example, when the circuit current exceeds the rated value (overload or short circuit), the overcurrent protection device quickly disconnects the fault path to prevent accidents such as equipment burnout, insulation aging, or fire caused by excessive current.

[0027] The row head cabinet 103 includes N sub-row head cabinets RPP1~RPP, each corresponding to one of the N first output paths of the DC output cabinet 102. N In this utility model, the sub-cabinet RPP1~RPP N Collectively referred to as sub-row head cabinet RPPs. The first sub-row head cabinet RPP1 includes a second input path and M1 (M1≥1) second output paths Q1~QM1, and the Nth sub-row head cabinet RPP... N Including the second input path and M N (M) N ≥1) Second output paths Q1~QM N In this invention, the RPP (Remote Layout Panel Proportion) includes a second input path and M (M≥1) second output paths. In this invention, the number M of second output paths included in different RPPs can be the same or different; that is, M1 and M2 can be different. N They can be equal or unequal. The second DC power output from the first output path P1 of DC output cabinet 102 is transmitted to the second input path of the first sub-head cabinet RPP1 via DC bus BUS1. Similarly, the second DC power output from the Nth output path PN of DC output cabinet 102 is transmitted to the second input path of the first sub-head cabinet RPP1 via DC bus BUS1. N RPP conveyed to the Nth sub-row head cabinet N The second input path. In this invention, DC buses BUS1~BUS NCollectively referred to as the DC bus BUS, the second DC power output from the first output path of the DC output cabinet 102 is transmitted to the second input path of the sub-row head cabinet RPP via the DC bus BUS. That is, the second DC power output from the DC output cabinet 102 is transmitted to the row head cabinet 103 via the DC bus BUS. The sub-row head cabinet RPP is configured to distribute the received second DC power into M third DC power lines and provide them to the corresponding IT devices in the corresponding server rack 1041, specifically to provide power to the IT devices. The IT devices include computing devices, storage devices, network devices, and auxiliary devices, etc., which will not be described in detail here. In this utility model, the M third DC power lines output by the sub-row head cabinet RPP and the corresponding IT devices in the server rack 1041 can have a one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-one relationship. One-to-one means that each third DC power line output by the sub-row head cabinet RPP is only connected to and supplies power to a specific IT device (such as a single server, storage node, or network device) in the server rack 1041. "One-to-many" refers to a single third DC power output from the RPP of the sub-row cabinet simultaneously powering multiple IT devices in server rack 1041. "Many-to-one" refers to a single IT device in server rack 1041 being simultaneously powered by multiple third DC power outputs from the RPP of the sub-row cabinet.

[0028] The second input path of the first sub-row head unit RPP1 includes the second circuit protection device 10311, and the Nth sub-row head unit RPP... N The second input path includes the second circuit protection device 1031 N In this utility model, the second input path, collectively referred to as the sub-row head cabinet RPP, includes a second circuit protection device 1031.

[0029] Each of the second output paths in the sub-row head unit RPP includes a solid-state circuit breaker SSCB. Specifically, the first second output path Q1 of the first sub-row head unit RPP1 includes a solid-state circuit breaker SSCB-1, the M1th second output path QM1 includes a solid-state circuit breaker SSCB-M1; the Nth sub-row head unit RPP... N The first second output path Q1 includes the solid-state circuit breaker SSCB-1, the Mth... N Second output path QM N Including solid-state circuit breaker SSCB-M N .

[0030] A solid-state circuit breaker is a protection device that uses semiconductor devices to control the on / off state of a circuit. It replaces the mechanical contacts of a traditional mechanical circuit breaker with electronic circuits, enabling rapid interruption of fault current and circuit protection. See also... Figure 2The schematic diagram of a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) according to one embodiment shows a semiconductor switch (also called a "power semiconductor") and an energy absorber connected in parallel with it. The energy absorber is used to absorb the energy accumulated in the current loop when the power semiconductor is turned off, ultimately achieving circuit protection. In embodiments of this invention, the power semiconductor is a power device known in the art, such as a transistor, rectifier diode, power transistor (power MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT), or thyristor. In one embodiment, the energy absorber is a metal oxide rheostat (MOV), preferably, the energy absorber includes multiple MOV groups connected in parallel. Compared to traditional circuit protection devices such as fuses, molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), and static transfer switches (STSs), solid-state circuit breakers have no moving mechanical parts, extremely fast breaking speed (<30μs), and high reliability.

[0031] The advantages of using solid-state circuit breakers for circuit protection in the data center power distribution system of this utility model are at least as follows: First, because solid-state circuit breakers have fast breaking speed and high reliability, they improve the reliability and safety of the power distribution system. For example, in... Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, solid-state circuit breakers are used for circuit protection in the output path of the column head cabinet 103. When any IT equipment fails or the cable from the output path to the IT equipment fails, the solid-state circuit breaker can quickly and reliably disconnect the corresponding IT equipment branch without affecting the operation of other IT equipment branches. If the circuit protection device used in the output path of the switchgear 103 has a slow breaking speed, other circuit protection devices may have already broken before it breaks, which will affect the normal operation of non-faulty branches. Second, because solid-state circuit breakers have a fast breaking speed, they can quickly disconnect short-circuit faults, which reduces the fault discharge time of the bus capacitor during a short circuit, thereby reducing the capacity or number of DC bus capacitors and saving capacitor costs. Third, because solid-state circuit breakers have a fast breaking speed, they can quickly stabilize the DC voltage when a fault occurs. Fourth, because solid-state circuit breakers can disconnect circuits within 30μs, while the breaking time of other types of short-circuit protection components is on the order of milliseconds, the power distribution system of this utility model reduces the expected short-circuit current and peak short-circuit fault current. Fifth, due to the controllability of solid-state circuit breakers, they can effectively remove and isolate single-point circuit faults and automatically restore power supply after the fault is cleared. If fuses are used for circuit protection, they need to be replaced after the fault is cleared; if ordinary circuit breakers are used for circuit protection, power supply needs to be manually restored.

[0032] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the power supply 101 is a Panama power supply or a solid-state transformer (SST) power supply. The Panama power supply is a new type of power supply system based on high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology, specifically designed for high-power-density scenarios such as data centers. Its core idea is to directly provide high-voltage DC power to IT equipment by replacing the traditional two-tier power distribution architecture of "AC → 48V low-voltage DC" in data centers through the conversion of "AC → HVDC". The solid-state transformer power supply, also known as a power electronic transformer power supply, serves as a new core power supply for data centers. It directly completes the high-voltage AC / DC conversion through semiconductor power devices, significantly reducing energy consumption and increasing power density.

[0033] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the power supply 101 further includes a battery and a battery output cabinet. See also Figure 3 The block diagram of the data center power distribution system shown in this embodiment is similar to... Figure 1 The difference in the power distribution system shown is that power supply 101 includes a Panama power supply 101A and a battery 101B, while power distribution system 100 also includes a battery output cabinet 104. The input terminal of battery output cabinet 104 is configured to connect to the output terminal of battery 101B, and the output terminal is connected to the input busbar of DC output cabinet 103. The output terminal of Panama power supply 101A is connected to the input busbar of DC output cabinet 103. When Panama power supply 101A experiences a circuit failure, power supply switches to battery 101B, and power distribution system 100 provides DC power from battery 101B to the load 104 of the data center.

[0034] Preferably, a third circuit protection device is provided at the output terminal of Panama Power Supply 101A or the input terminal of DC output cabinet 103 connected to Panama Power Supply 101A. When a short circuit or overcurrent occurs in the cable between Panama Power Supply 101A or Panama Power Supply 101 and DC switch cabinet 102, the third circuit protection device disconnects, switching power supply to battery 101B, and power distribution system 100 provides DC power from battery 101B to the load 104 of the data center.

[0035] Preferably, the battery output cabinet 104 includes a fourth circuit protection device. When a short circuit or overcurrent occurs in the battery 101B or the cable between the battery 101B and the DC output cabinet 102, the fourth circuit protection device disconnects, switching to power supply from the Panama Power Supply 101A. The power distribution system 100 then supplies DC power from the Panama Power Supply 101A to the load 104 of the data center.

[0036] According to another embodiment of this utility model, the data center power distribution system can also use a backup power supply to power the data center load when the main power supply fails. See also Figure 4 The block diagram of the data center power distribution system shown in this embodiment is similar to... Figure 1The difference in the power distribution system shown is that it also includes a backup power supply 101', and power distribution system 102 also includes another DC output cabinet 102'. When the main power supply 101 fails, the circuit protection device corresponding to the main power supply 101 cuts off the output circuit of the main power supply 101, and the backup power supply 101' supplies power to the load 104 of the data center. Specifically, when the battery 101B of the main power supply 101 fails, power is switched to the backup power supply 101'. In this way, the data center power distribution system of this invention can achieve uninterrupted power supply to the load of the data center without the need for a dedicated uninterruptible power supply (UPS), saving costs. In this invention, the backup power supply 101' and the main power supply 101 can be the same or different. The DC output cabinet 102' also includes circuit protection devices, and its structure can be the same as or different from that of the DC output cabinet 102. Specific details will not be elaborated further.

[0037] According to another embodiment of this utility model, the second circuit protection device 1031 included in the second input path of the sub-head cabinet RPP is a solid-state circuit breaker. Preferably, the first circuit protection device 1021 included in the first output path of the DC output cabinet 102 is also a solid-state circuit breaker. More preferably, the third circuit protection device disposed at the input end of the DC output cabinet 102 is also a solid-state circuit breaker. In this utility model, in the embodiment of overcurrent protection using solid-state circuit breakers, if the power source is referred to as the upstream of the current and the load of the data center as the downstream of the current, then in the entire power distribution system, from upstream to downstream, the specifications of the solid-state circuit breakers become smaller, the short-circuit protection threshold current becomes smaller, and the breaking speed becomes faster, so as to prevent short-circuit faults from radiating to adjacent transmission paths. Figure 1 For example, if the specifications of the second circuit protection device 10311 are smaller than those of SSCB-1, then when the IT equipment corresponding to output path Q1 in the data center fails, the second circuit protection device 10311 will disconnect before SSCB-1. This will not only affect the normal operation of the IT equipment corresponding to other output paths, but also the normal operation of the server racks corresponding to other column head cabinet RPPs.

[0038] See Figure 5The circuit topology of a data center power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 500 is configured to supply 800V high-voltage DC power from a power supply 501 to server racks in the data center, specifically the power modules of the server racks. The power supply 501 includes a Panama Power Supply 501A and a battery 501B. The Panama Power Supply 501A converts 10kV AC power output from the AC power supply to 800V DC power and inputs it into the power distribution system 500. It includes an input switch K, a line-frequency phase-shift transformer T connected to the input switch K, and an AC-DC conversion module connected to the line-frequency phase-shift transformer T. Specifically, the Panama Power Supply 501A includes multiple AC-DC conversion module branches, i.e., it can convert the input AC power into multiple DC power. Taking one branch as an example, the AC-DC conversion module includes an AC-DC converter and a fuse F_rec connected to the output terminal of the AC-DC converter; that is, the output terminal of the Panama Power Supply 501A is equipped with a circuit protection device. Battery module 501B includes battery cells, and preferably also includes a DC-DC converter for converting the DC power output from the battery cells. The DC power output from battery module 501B is supplied to the load of the data center through power distribution system 500.

[0039] The power distribution system 500 includes a DC output cabinet 502, a battery output cabinet 504, and a row head cabinet. The row head cabinet includes multiple sub-row head cabinets, and the DC power output from these sub-row head cabinets supplies the corresponding server racks in the data center. Figure 5 For clarity, only one sub-row cabinet RPP1 and its corresponding server rack 5041 are shown.

[0040] The DC output cabinet 502 includes a first input path and multiple first output paths. The DC output cabinet 502 is configured to distribute the first DC power received from the power supply 501 into multiple second DC power sources and output the second DC power sources. Each first output path includes a fuse F_outp for circuit protection.

[0041] The sub-head cabinet RPP1 includes two second input paths and multiple second output paths. Second DC power output from one first output path of the DC output cabinet 502 is transmitted via a DC bus to one second input path of the sub-head cabinet RPP1. The sub-head cabinet RPP is configured to distribute the received second DC power into multiple third DC power supplies and provide them to the corresponding server rack 5041. The server rack 5041 includes a power distribution unit (PDU) and multiple power supply units (PSUs). The PDU receives the third DC power from the power distribution system 500 and distributes it to the power supply units (PSUs), which then provide power to the corresponding IT equipment. Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, the power distribution unit (PDU) receives and distributes the third DC power from each path, but this is merely illustrative and not limiting. Those skilled in the art can perform power reception and distribution according to actual needs. For example, the third DC power output from the power distribution system 500 can be received and distributed by different power distribution units. Another second input path of the sub-head cabinet RPP1 is used to receive DC power from the backup power supply 501', thereby providing uninterrupted power to the server racks of the data center in the event of a failure of the main power supply 501. Each second input path and each second output path of the sub-head cabinet RPP1 includes a solid-state circuit breaker for circuit protection.

[0042] The battery output cabinet 504 includes a fuse F_bat and a molded case circuit breaker MCCB_bat connected in series to achieve circuit protection.

[0043] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates multiple possible fault points F1 to F7. When any of these fault points fails, fault protection can be achieved through circuit protection devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, and solid-state circuit breakers. For example, when a fault occurs at point F1, the input switch K trips, the fuse F_rec may open, switching to battery 501B power supply, and all power supply units (PSUs) operate normally; when a fault occurs at point F2, the Panama power supply 501A shuts down, the molded case circuit breaker MCCB_bat trips, switching to backup power supply 501', and all power supply units (PSUs) operate normally; when a fault occurs at point F4, the fuse F_outp opens, the molded case circuit breaker MCCB_bat may trip, switching to backup power supply 501', and all power supply units (PSUs) operate normally; when a fault occurs at point F4... When a fault occurs at point F5, fuse F_bat trips, molded case circuit breaker MCCB_bat trips, and power is switched to backup power supply 501'. All power supply units (PSUs) operate normally. When a fault occurs at point F5, the SSCB of the corresponding branch trips, and other power supply units (PSUs) operate normally. When a fault occurs at point F6, the SSCBs of both the input and output paths of RPP1 may trip, causing all power supply units (PSUs) to lose power. When a fault occurs at point F7, the SSCB of the corresponding input path of RPP1 trips, the fault is isolated, and all power supply units (PSUs) operate normally.

[0044] In this embodiment, because the solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) has a fast breaking speed and high reliability, when a fault occurs at point F5, the SSCB of the corresponding branch will quickly disconnect, and the upstream fuse or molded case circuit breaker will not operate. Therefore, it will not affect the normal operation of other branches.

[0045] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a backup power supply 501' and a corresponding solid-state circuit breaker SSCB are not used.

[0046] See Figure 6 The circuit topology of a data center power distribution system according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 600 is configured to supply 800V high-voltage DC power from power source 601 or DC power from backup power source 601' to the server racks of the data center. The power distribution system 600 includes a DC output cabinet 602, a battery output cabinet 604, and a row head cabinet. The row head cabinet includes multiple sub-row head cabinets, and the DC power output from the sub-row head cabinets is supplied to the corresponding server racks in the data center. Figure 5 Similarly, in Figure 6 For clarity, only one sub-row cabinet RPP1 and its corresponding server rack 6041 are shown.

[0047] Figure 6 The circuit topology of the illustrated embodiment is similar to Figure 5 One difference in the circuit topology of the illustrated embodiment is that the power supply 601 includes an SST power supply 601A and a battery 601B. The SST power supply 601A includes an input switch K, an isolated DC-DC converter, power semiconductors (preferably medium-voltage power semiconductors) disposed on the primary side of the isolated DC-DC converter, and power semiconductors and fuses disposed on the secondary side of the isolated DC-DC converter. Another difference is that a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) is used for circuit protection in the DC output cabinet 602 of the power distribution system 600, and a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) is also used for circuit protection in the battery output cabinet 604. That is, Figure 5 In the power distribution system 500, fuses and molded case circuit breakers have been replaced with solid-state circuit breakers. This embodiment further improves the breaking speed and reliability of the data center power distribution system.

[0048] Preferably, in Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the solid-state circuit breakers closer to the server rack in the data center are smaller in size, have a smaller short-circuit protection threshold current, and a faster breaking speed, thereby preventing short-circuit faults in the data center from radiating to adjacent transmission paths.

[0049] According to another embodiment, the backup power supply 601' and the corresponding solid-state circuit breaker SSCB are not used.

[0050] According to yet another embodiment, the circuit protection device fuse in the SST power supply 601A is also replaced with a solid-state circuit breaker. To prevent short-circuit faults in the data center from radiating to adjacent transmission paths, it is preferable to follow the principle that the solid-state circuit breaker closer to the load in the data center should have a smaller specification, a smaller short-circuit protection threshold current, and a faster breaking speed.

[0051] According to other embodiments of the present invention, the power supply can provide DC power of 270V to 1500V, preferably 270V, 400V, 800V, or 1500V.

[0052] The data center power distribution system of this utility model can adopt N+1 architecture, 2N architecture, etc. The N+1 architecture is a redundancy design strategy based on "primary + backup," deploying "N sets of primary components + 1 set of redundant backup components" (N being the minimum number of components required for normal system operation). This ensures system reliability while balancing cost and resource utilization. The 2N architecture is a high-reliability system design strategy based on double redundancy. By deploying two completely independent redundant components or paths (twice the actual requirement), it ensures that if any one set fails, the other can still independently support the normal operation of the system. Details of the N+1 and 2N architectures will not be elaborated here.

[0053] The data center power distribution system of this invention is particularly suitable for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply and distribution, and features high reliability and safety, small size, low cost, and strong controllability.

[0054] Although the present invention has been described through preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and includes various changes and variations without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A data center power distribution system, characterized in that, include: A first DC output cabinet includes a first input path and at least one first output path, the first input path being configured to receive a first DC power supply from a mains power supply, and each of the at least one first output path being configured to output a second DC power supply and including a first circuit protection device; and A column head unit includes at least one sub-column head unit corresponding to the at least one first output path, the at least one sub-column head unit including a second input path and at least one second output path, the second input path being configured to receive a second DC power, each of the at least one second output path being configured to output a third DC power to provide to the load of the data center, wherein the second input path includes a second circuit protection device, and each of the at least one second output path includes a first solid-state circuit breaker.

2. The data center power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second circuit protection device includes a second solid-state circuit breaker, the threshold current of which is greater than the threshold current of the first solid-state circuit breaker.

3. The data center power distribution system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first circuit protection device includes a third solid-state circuit breaker, the threshold current of which is greater than the threshold current of the second solid-state circuit breaker.

4. The data center power distribution system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first input path includes a fourth solid-state circuit breaker, the threshold current of which is greater than the threshold current of the third solid-state circuit breaker.

5. The data center power distribution system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes a battery output cabinet configured to supply DC power from the battery to the first DC output cabinet.

6. The data center power distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery output cabinet includes a fifth solid-state circuit breaker, the threshold current of which is greater than the threshold current of the first solid-state circuit breaker.

7. The data center power distribution system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes a second DC output cabinet, which is configured to supply DC power from a backup power source to the column head cabinet.

8. The data center power distribution system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The at least one sub-row head cabinet includes another second input path for receiving DC power from the second DC output cabinet.

9. The data center power distribution system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The other second input path includes a sixth solid-state circuit breaker, the threshold current of which is greater than the threshold current of the first solid-state circuit breaker.

10. The data center power distribution system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The main power supply is either a Panamax power supply or a solid-state transformer power supply.

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