A data communication device based on analog-digital converter voltage acquisition

Abstract

This invention provides a data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter (ADC) voltage acquisition, comprising: a master device for ADC acquisition and a slave device for changing voltage values. The slave device includes an MCU chip that provides changing current, and the master device includes an ADC for acquiring the voltage drop value of the current signal of the changing current. The ADC and the MCU chip are signal connected. This invention has a simple and reasonable structure with strong overall integration. It can use any MCU with an ADC as the master control chip to convert current into voltage. The voltage drop of the current signal is sensed through an external shunt resistor, and the small voltage is amplified to a range that the ADC can acquire. The ADC samples the analog signal of the voltage drop, and the current sensing amplifier senses the voltage difference across the external shunt resistor and amplifies it into a usable output voltage signal, improving the communication capability between data communication devices. It can realize cross-platform and cross-chip data communication, achieving high versatility, high performance, and high reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of data communication technology, and in particular, to the field of analog-to-digital conversion technology; specifically, it relates to a data communication device based on voltage acquisition of an analog-to-digital converter. Background Technology

[0002] Digital communication equipment involves multiple stages, including analog-to-digital conversion, encoding, and decoding. These stages require precise coordination and debugging, resulting in a high overall system complexity.

[0003] However, many current data communication devices communicate through two wires connected between the positive and negative terminals of the device interface, which is inconvenient and incurs high communication costs when transmitting large amounts of data.

[0004] Serial communication is a communication method that transmits data bit by bit using data signal lines, address lines, control lines, etc. This communication method uses fewer data lines, which can save communication costs in long-distance communication.

[0005] However, due to the limited number of MCU pins and serial ports in data communication equipment, it cannot meet the data communication connection needs of all devices, resulting in low communication capability. Utility Model Content

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to design a data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition. It can use any MCU with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) as the main control chip to convert current into voltage. The voltage drop of the current signal is sensed through an external shunt resistor, and this small voltage is amplified to a range that the ADC can acquire. The ADC samples the analog signal of the voltage drop, and the voltage difference V across the external shunt resistor is sensed by a current sensing amplifier and amplified into a usable output voltage signal, improving the communication capability between data communication devices. Furthermore, it enables cross-platform and cross-chip data communication, truly achieving high versatility, high performance, and high reliability in data communication.

[0007] This utility model provides a data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition, comprising: a master device for ADC acquisition and a slave device for changing voltage values, wherein the slave device includes an MCU chip that provides changing current, and the master device includes an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) for acquiring the voltage drop value of the current signal of the changing current, and the ADC and the MCU chip are connected by a signal connection.

[0008] Specifically, the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) of the main device first reads the instantaneous value of the analog signal with voltage drop at uniform time intervals, and samples the analog signal.

[0009] In one embodiment of this utility model, the hardware timer of the MCU chip collects voltage values ​​at a frequency of 2500Hz, continuously collects voltage values ​​10 times, sorts them and removes the least significant and most significant bits of the voltage values, takes an average value of the intermediate data, compares the average value with a custom voltage threshold. If the average value is greater than the threshold, the sample value is 1; if the average value is less than the threshold, the sample value is 0. Received 8 consecutive binary bits constitute one byte of data.

[0010] The sampled values ​​are quantized and mapped to discrete digital values. Finally, the quantized digital values ​​are converted into binary code through encoding, which is binary code that computers and MCUs can recognize.

[0011] The ADC supports multi-channel sampling, and users can configure the MCU chip to use any channel of the ADC as needed, and obtain voltage values ​​in real time by configuring the resolution and sampling rate.

[0012] As a general-purpose technology, ADCs enable true cross-platform and cross-chip data communication, achieving high versatility, high performance, high reliability, and long lifespan. ADCs are a crucial component of modern electronics, serving as a bridge between the analog world and digital processing. The background technologies of ADCs involve multiple disciplines, including electrical engineering, signal processing, and computer science. The continuously evolving technological background of ADCs supports the diverse applications of modern electronic devices. The concept of ADCs has evolved with the needs of electronic computing and digital signal processing. The earliest ADC designs were used in military and communication systems. With the development of semiconductor technology, ADCs have seen significant improvements in resolution and speed. Modern ADC integrated circuits can achieve high precision and fast conversion, and are widely used in industrial, consumer electronics, and communication fields. With technological advancements, the performance and application scope of ADCs will continue to expand, supporting various innovative technologies.

[0013] Furthermore, the main device includes a current sensing amplifier that converts current into voltage and amplifies the voltage. The current sensing amplifier is connected to an external shunt resistor, and there is a signal connection between the current sensing amplifier and the MCU chip.

[0014] Preferably, the main device's hardware circuit mainly uses the INA181 series (preferably INA181A3IDBVR) chip to convert current into voltage and amplify the voltage to a range that the ADC can acquire.

[0015] The core function of the INA181 series is to sense the voltage drop of the current signal through an external shunt resistor and amplify the tiny voltage to a range that is easy to handle.

[0016] The INA181A3IDBVR chip is a low-power, high-precision current sensing amplifier that achieves accurate current measurement by monitoring the voltage drop generated by the current signal. It is specifically designed for current sensing and measurement applications.

[0017] Furthermore, the current sensing amplifier includes a differential input pin, the positive pin (IN+) and the negative pin (IN-) of which are respectively connected to the two ends of the external shunt resistor.

[0018] The main working steps of the current sensing amplifier are as follows:

[0019] Connect the differential input pins IN+ and IN- of the INA181 series chip to both ends of an external shunt resistor.

[0020] The current flowing through the external shunt resistor generates a voltage drop. Using Ohm's law: V=I⋅R, we can calculate the magnitude of the voltage drop, where V is the voltage difference across the external shunt resistor (i.e., the input signal), I is the current flowing through the shunt resistor, and R is the value of the shunt resistor.

[0021] By sensing the voltage difference V across the external shunt resistor, the current sensing amplifier detects the voltage drop generated by the external shunt resistor.

[0022] Furthermore, the current sensing amplifier also includes a differential amplifier, which is connected to the ADC and the MCU chip signals respectively.

[0023] Specifically, the high-precision differential amplifier inside the INA181A3IDBVR chip amplifies the V signal. The gain is fixed internally within the chip. The fixed gain of the INA181A3IDBVR chip is 200V.

[0024] The amplified output signal is an analog voltage signal representing the magnitude of the current flowing through the external shunt resistor. This output signal can be connected to subsequent circuits, such as an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) or a microcontroller, for further processing.

[0025] The INA181A3IDBVR chip senses the tiny voltage difference across a shunt resistor and amplifies it into a usable output voltage signal, making it suitable for a wide range of current measurement applications.

[0026] Furthermore, the slave device includes a resistor to ground, and the MCU chip includes multiple pins, each of which can be connected to the resistor to ground.

[0027] The device's MCU chip only needs to connect a specific pin to the corresponding ground resistor. Pulling the resistance value of the ground resistor high or low will generate different currents. The voltage drop of the current signal is sensed through an external shunt resistor.

[0028] Furthermore, a data communication circuit is connected between the master device and the slave device, and the MCU chip includes a wake-up circuit, which is connected to the data communication circuit.

[0029] In one embodiment of this utility model, the master device outputs 12V by default. To reduce power consumption, the MCU chip wakes up for 6 seconds every minute to detect whether the slave device has been connected to the data transmission circuit with the master device.

[0030] When the slave device connects and reads the 12V output of the master device, the slave device pulls the resistance to ground high or low to simulate sending data 0xAA.

[0031] When the master device receives 0xAA, it will change the default output from 12V to 7.4V.

[0032] The slave device detects 7.4V from the master device and simulates sending data 0xA5.

[0033] When the master device receives 0xA5, communication is complete and the signal handshake is successful. At this point, the slave device can obtain the power it needs.

[0034] Furthermore, both the master device and the slave device are equipped with a DC interface (DC power interface), which is connected to a DC power supply.

[0035] The DC interface, short for Direct Current Interface, provides a stable DC power input for electronic devices. Unlike alternating current (AC), DC power is better suited to the circuit requirements of electronic devices and reduces energy loss.

[0036] DC interfaces are widely used in devices requiring continuous power, simplifying wiring.

[0037] Some USB interface types with DC interfaces (such as 5V DC interfaces) are compatible with the USB specification and can draw power directly from the battery or adapter.

[0038] Furthermore, the MCU chip includes a RAM core (RAM memory) and an operational amplifier, with the RAM core connected to the operational amplifier.

[0039] Operational amplifier (such as...) Figure 1(As shown) is a high-gain, high-input-impedance, low-output-impedance integrated circuit. Operational amplifiers are used in signal amplification, mathematical operations, and signal conditioning. The core structure of an operational amplifier consists of a differential input stage, a voltage amplification stage, and an output stage, achieving precise control through a negative feedback mechanism.

[0040] In specific applications such as in-memory computing and signal amplification interfaces, RAM cores output data in the form of digital signals, transmitting binary information (such as high and low levels) through the address bus and data bus. Their output impedance is relatively high, and their driving capability is limited, requiring amplification, especially when reading weak signals (such as the capacitive charge on DRAM bit lines).

[0041] Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are high-gain analog devices used for signal amplification, filtering, or mathematical operations. They have high input impedance and low output impedance, making them suitable for converting digital outputs from RAM to analog signals or enhancing signal integrity.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0043] The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition provided by this utility model has a simple and reasonable structure and strong overall integrity. It can use any MCU with an analog-to-digital converter as the main control chip to convert current into voltage. The voltage drop of the current signal is sensed through an external shunt resistor, and the small voltage is amplified to the range that the ADC can acquire. The ADC samples the analog signal of the voltage drop, and the voltage difference V across the external shunt resistor is sensed by a current sensing amplifier and amplified into a usable output voltage signal, which improves the communication capability between data communication devices. Moreover, it can realize cross-platform and cross-chip data communication, truly achieving high versatility, high performance, and high reliability of data communication, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0045] In the attached diagram:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the operational amplifier of the MCU chip in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the ADC according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3This is a circuit diagram of the external shunt resistor connected to the current detection amplifier in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of data communication between the master device and the slave device in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0050] The markings in the attached figure are as follows:

[0051] 1. Operational amplifier, 2. ADC, 3. External shunt resistor. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0053] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0054] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, and third may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0055] Example

[0056] This utility model embodiment provides a data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition, including a master device for ADC2 acquisition, a slave device for changing voltage values, and a data communication circuit connected between the master device and the slave device. The slave device includes an MCU chip that provides changing current, and the master device includes an ADC2 (such as an ADC2 chip) for acquiring the voltage drop of the current signal of the changing current. Figure 2As shown in the diagram, the signal connection between ADC2 and the MCU chip is as follows. The ADC2 of the main device first reads the instantaneous value of the analog signal with voltage drop at uniform time intervals, sampling the analog signal. The hardware timer of the MCU chip samples the voltage value at a frequency of 2500Hz, continuously sampling 10 times. After sorting and removing the least significant and most significant bits, the intermediate data are averaged. This average value is compared with a user-defined voltage threshold. If the average value is greater than the threshold, the sample value is 1; if the average value is less than the threshold, the sample value is 0. Eight consecutive binary bits are considered as one byte of data. The sampled value is quantized and mapped to discrete digital values. Finally, the quantized digital value is converted into binary code, which is binary code that the computer and MCU can recognize. ADC2 supports multi-channel sampling. Users can configure the MCU chip to use any channel of ADC2 as needed, acquiring voltage values ​​in real time by configuring the resolution and sampling rate. The main device also includes a current-sensing amplifier that converts current into voltage and amplifies the voltage. The current-sensing amplifier is connected to an external shunt resistor 3 (e.g., ...). Figure 3 As shown, the signal connection between the current sensing amplifier and the MCU chip is as follows. The main device's hardware circuit uses the INA181A3IDBVR chip to convert current into voltage, amplify the voltage, and expand this small voltage to a manageable range. The INA181A3IDBVR chip senses the voltage drop of the current signal through an external shunt resistor 3, achieving accurate current measurement by monitoring the voltage drop generated by the current signal.

[0057] The current-sense amplifier includes differential input pins. The positive (IN+) and negative (IN-) pins of the differential input pins are connected to the two ends of the external shunt resistor 3, respectively. When performing current sensing, the current-sense amplifier connects the IN+ and IN- pins of the INA181 series chip to the two ends of the external shunt resistor 3. Current flowing through the external shunt resistor 3 generates a voltage drop. Using Ohm's law: V = I⋅R, the magnitude of the voltage drop is calculated, where V is the voltage difference across the external shunt resistor 3 (i.e., the input signal), I is the current flowing through the shunt resistor, and R is the shunt resistor value. By sensing the voltage difference V across the external shunt resistor 3, the current-sense amplifier detects the voltage drop generated by the external shunt resistor 3. The current-sense amplifier also includes a differential amplifier, which is connected to the ADC2 and MCU chip signals respectively. The high-precision differential amplifier inside the INA181A3IDBVR chip amplifies the V signal. The gain is fixedly set internally by the chip. The fixed gain of the INA181A3IDBVR chip is 200V. The amplified output signal is an analog voltage signal representing the current flowing through the external shunt resistor 3. This output signal can be connected to a subsequent ADC2 or microcontroller for further processing.

[0058] The slave device includes a resistor to ground, and the MCU chip includes multiple pins, each of which can be connected to the resistor to ground. The MCU chip in the slave device only needs to use one pin to connect to the corresponding resistor to ground, so that the resistance value of the resistor to ground is pulled high and low, which will generate different currents. The voltage drop of the current signal is sensed through the external shunt resistor 3.

[0059] The MCU chip includes a wake-up circuit, which is connected to the data communication circuit. In this embodiment, the master device outputs 12V by default. To reduce power consumption, the MCU chip wakes up for 6 seconds every minute to detect whether the slave device is connected to the data transmission circuit with the master device (e.g., ...). Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, when the slave device connects and reads the 12V output from the master device, the slave device pulls its resistance to ground high or low to simulate sending data 0xAA. After receiving 0xAA, the master device changes its default output from 12V to 7.4V. The slave device then detects the master device's 7.4V and simulates sending data 0xA5. When the master device receives 0xA5, communication is complete, the handshake is successful, and the slave device receives the power it needs. The MCU chip includes a RAM core (RAM memory), operational amplifier 1 (such as... Figure 1 As shown, the RAM core is connected to operational amplifier 1. In in-memory computing and signal amplification interface applications, the RAM core outputs data in digital signal form, transmitting binary information (high and low levels) through the address bus and data bus. Operational amplifier 1, as a high-gain analog device, performs signal amplification, filtering, or mathematical operations. Operational amplifier 1 has high input impedance and low output impedance, making it suitable for converting the digital output of RAM into analog signals and enhancing signal integrity.

[0060] Both the master and slave devices are equipped with DC interfaces (DC power interfaces), which connect to a DC power supply. Using DC interfaces simplifies wiring for both master and slave devices. The DC interfaces provide a stable DC power input, enabling DC power supply and reducing energy loss.

[0061] The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition in this embodiment has a simple and reasonable structure with strong overall integrity. It can use any MCU with ADC as the main control chip to convert current into voltage. The voltage drop of the current signal is sensed through an external shunt resistor, and the small voltage is amplified to the range that the ADC can acquire. The analog signal of the voltage drop is sampled by the ADC, and the voltage difference V across the external shunt resistor is sensed by a current sense amplifier and amplified into a usable output voltage signal, which improves the communication capability between data communication devices. Moreover, it can realize cross-platform and cross-chip data communication, truly achieving high versatility, high performance and high reliability of data communication.

[0062] The technical solution of this utility model has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the protection scope of this utility model is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition, characterized in that, include: A master device for ADC acquisition and a slave device for changing voltage values, the slave device including an MCU chip providing a changing current, the master device including an ADC for acquiring the voltage drop of the current signal of the changing current, and the ADC and the MCU chip being signal-connected.

2. The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main device includes a current sensing amplifier that converts current into voltage and amplifies the voltage. The current sensing amplifier is connected to an external shunt resistor, and there is a signal connection between the current sensing amplifier and the MCU chip.

3. The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current sensing amplifier includes a differential input pin, the positive and negative pins of which are respectively connected to the two ends of the external shunt resistor.

4. The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The current sensing amplifier also includes a differential amplifier, which is connected to the ADC and the MCU chip signals respectively.

5. The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slave device includes a resistor to ground, and the MCU chip includes multiple pins, each of which can be connected to the resistor to ground.

6. The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition according to claim 5, characterized in that, A data communication circuit is connected between the master device and the slave device, and the MCU chip includes a wake-up circuit, which is connected to the data communication circuit.

7. The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the master device and the slave device are equipped with DC interfaces, which are connected to a DC power supply.

8. The data communication device based on analog-to-digital converter voltage acquisition according to claim 5, characterized in that, The MCU chip includes a RAM core and an operational amplifier, with the RAM core connected to the operational amplifier.

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