Pneumatic feed supply device and automatic feed feeding system on water surface

Abstract

This utility model discloses a pneumatic feed supply device and an automatic feed surface feeding system. It includes a mixing container for mixing feed with carrier airflow to form a mixed fluid and outputting the mixed fluid. The mixing container has a feed supply port, a carrier airflow supply port, and a mixed fluid output port. The feed supply port is connected to a feed supply source, and the carrier airflow supply port is connected to the carrier airflow supply source. The feed supply port is connected to a feed extrusion supply mechanism via a one-way flow control mechanism. The feed supply source supplies feed to the mixing container through the feed extrusion supply mechanism and the one-way flow control mechanism. The one-way flow control mechanism automatically opens under the extrusion pressure of the feed from the feed extrusion supply mechanism and automatically closes after the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops supplying feed. This solves the problem of improper feed aspiration caused by negative pressure generated by the rotating feed nozzle in intermittent, small-volume feeding methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a pneumatic feed supply device and an automatic feed surface feeding system. Background Technology

[0002] In aquaculture, automatic feeding devices, as key equipment to replace manual feeding, are becoming increasingly important with the industry's intensive and large-scale development. Automatic feeding devices can deliver feed to the aquaculture water according to preset times and amounts, effectively reducing labor intensity and improving aquaculture efficiency. Currently, most automatic feeding devices on the market are land-based. Land-based automatic feeding devices are fixed at the edge of the pond, limiting the feeding range and causing uneven feed distribution. This leads to greater oxygen consumption in the feeding area, resulting in oxygen deficiency that affects the health of the farmed animals, and the loss of nutrients due to excess feed soaking in the water. To address these issues, various improvements have been attempted, such as increasing motor power and modifying the feeding head structure. However, these solutions often come at the cost of increased energy consumption or more complex structures, failing to fundamentally solve the problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of automatic surface feeding device that can significantly increase the feeding range, improve feed dispersion uniformity, simplify the structure, and reduce energy consumption.

[0003] In its Chinese patent application No. 2025103181401, the applicant disclosed an automatic feed surface feeding device and system. Through the organic combination of a floating design, pneumatic conveying, and a rotating sprinkler, the feeding effect in aquaculture is significantly improved. The floating design allows the automatic feed surface feeding device to float on the water surface, overcoming the limitations of traditional land-based automatic feeding devices that are fixed at the edge of the pond, extending the feeding position to the central area of ​​the water body. The pneumatic conveying system uses a feed pneumatic supply device to input a mixed fluid containing feed and carrier airflow through an inlet pipe into the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler base side and then into the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler side, allowing the feed to gain initial kinetic energy under the action of hydrodynamics. The rotating sprinkler structure is driven by a motor-driven output shaft that rotates the sprinkler, further accelerating the feed and changing its direction of movement through centrifugal force. This effectively solves the problems of limited feeding range and uneven feed distribution leading to localized hypoxia and nutrient loss caused by traditional equipment, achieving the dual goals of structural simplification and improved energy efficiency.

[0004] During the development of the aforementioned automatic feed surface feeding system, the following problems were further discovered: Aquaculture often employs intermittent, small-volume feeding (because this method better aligns with the natural feeding habits of aquatic animals, improving feed utilization and conversion efficiency, while effectively reducing the accumulation of uneaten feed in the water and lowering the risk of water pollution; furthermore, it facilitates farmers' observation of the animals' feeding status and health, ensuring balanced growth within the herd and reducing individual differences caused by competition, thereby ensuring yield and quality while reducing disease incidence and farming costs). Therefore, the aforementioned automatic feed surface feeding system adopted a control method where a rotating feed nozzle is kept rotating while a pneumatic feed supply device intermittently supplies a mixed fluid to the automatic feed surface feeding device. However, when the pneumatic feed supply device stops working, the negative pressure generated by the rotating feed nozzle causes feed in the pneumatic feed supply device to be sucked into the rotating feed nozzle, resulting in reduced feed feeding accuracy. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an improved pneumatic feed supply device and an automatic feed surface feeding system to solve the aforementioned technical problem of reduced feed feeding accuracy.

[0006] In a first aspect, a pneumatic feed supply device is provided, comprising a mixing container for mixing feed with a carrier airflow to form a mixed fluid and outputting the mixed fluid. The mixing container is provided with a feed supply port, a carrier airflow supply port, and a mixed fluid output port. The feed supply port is connected to a feed supply source, and the carrier airflow supply port is connected to the carrier airflow supply source. The feed supply port is connected to a feed extrusion supply mechanism via a one-way flow control mechanism. The feed supply source supplies feed to the mixing container through the feed extrusion supply mechanism and the one-way flow control mechanism. The one-way flow control mechanism automatically opens under the extrusion force of the feed from the feed extrusion supply mechanism and automatically closes after the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops supplying feed.

[0007] As an optimization and / or instantiation of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above, further: the unidirectional conduction control mechanism includes a feeding hopper disposed on the feed supply port at the top of the mixing container. The feeding hopper is a hopper body with an open bottom and closed top and perimeter. The feeding hopper has a vertical side connected to the feed extrusion supply mechanism. A baffle is mounted on the opening on the inner side of the vertical side corresponding to the discharge port of the feed extrusion supply mechanism via an upper hinge. Under the extrusion force of the feed from the feed extrusion supply mechanism, the baffle is rotated and lifted from the opening along the rotation axis of the upper hinge to open the opening. When the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops supplying feed, the baffle naturally hangs down under the action of gravity to close the opening.

[0008] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above, further: the feed extrusion supply mechanism adopts a horizontally arranged screw extruder.

[0009] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above, further: the screw extrusion component of the screw extruder adopts a shaftless auger.

[0010] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above: the mixing container is a horizontally arranged tubular container, the carrier airflow supply port and the mixing fluid output port are respectively located at both ends of the tubular container, and the feed supply port is arranged on the tube wall of the tubular container.

[0011] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above: the angle between the feeding direction of the feed extrusion supply mechanism and the flow direction of the mixed fluid in the tubular container is 90°-180°.

[0012] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above: the bottom of the feed hopper forms a curved section that is inclined toward the direction of the mixed fluid flow of the tubular container, and the bottom opening of the feed hopper is located at the lower end of the curved section.

[0013] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above: the bottom of the feeding hopper is provided with a guide plate, which is inserted into the tubular container from the bottom opening of the feeding hopper and forms a gap with the interior of the tubular container.

[0014] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above, further: the carrier airflow supply source adopts a blower.

[0015] As an optimization and / or instance of the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect above, it further includes a hopper, the bottom discharge port of which is connected to the feed extrusion supply mechanism.

[0016] Secondly, an automatic feed surface feeding system is provided, including an automatic feed surface feeding device and a feed pneumatic supply device. The automatic feed surface feeding device specifically includes a support frame, a motor, a feed maker base, a feed maker, and a throwing pipe. The support frame is mounted on a float and has a horizontally mounted motor mounting plate. The float supports the automatic feed surface feeding device to float on the water surface. The motor is mounted below the motor mounting plate, with its output shaft vertically upward through the mounting plate. The feed maker base is mounted above the motor mounting plate, allowing the output shaft to pass vertically upward through it. The feed maker base has a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on its side. The feed maker is connected to the output shaft and rotatably mounted on the feed maker base. The feed maker also has a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on its side. The throwing pipe... The feed inlet is installed on the sprinkler head, while the discharge outlet extends upward and away from the sprinkler head. The number of the throwing tubes is ≥1. When the number of throwing tubes is >1, these throwing tubes are circumferentially spaced on the sprinkler head. The input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head base side is used to connect to the feed inlet tube, which is used to convey a mixed fluid containing feed and carrier airflow into the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head base side. The output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head base side is connected to the input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head side, and the output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head side is connected to the feed inlet end. The feed pneumatic supply device adopts the feed pneumatic supply device of the first aspect described above. The feed pneumatic supply device is connected to the feed inlet tube through a feed pneumatic conveying pipe and is used to input the mixed fluid into the feed inlet tube.

[0017] As an optimization and / or instantiation of the above-mentioned second aspect of the automatic feed surface feeding system, further: the feed distribution base includes a bottom cover, a mounting base disposed below the bottom cover, a sleeve extending vertically upward from the bottom of the bottom cover, and a feed pipe docking interface located on the side wall of the bottom cover. A feed pneumatic conveying chamber is formed between the inner wall of the bottom cover and the outer wall of the sleeve. The upper opening of the bottom cover forms the output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber. An output shaft mounting through hole is formed in the sleeve, which extends vertically through the feed distribution base and has a clearance fit with the sleeve. A bearing mounting groove is provided at the upper end of the sleeve, and a bearing mounting groove is installed in the bearing mounting groove. The bearing; the sprinkler head includes a top cover and a feeding tube docking interface located on the side wall of the top cover. The top of the top cover is provided with a sleeve slot and an output shaft mating hole. The upper end of the sleeve is inserted into the sleeve slot and is clearance-fitted with the sleeve slot. The top cover is supported on the sleeve by the bearing. The bearing is sleeved on the output shaft. The inner wall of the top cover and the outer wall of the sleeve form a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler side. The lower opening of the top cover forms the input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler side. The lower opening of the top cover is sleeved and clearance-fitted with the upper opening of the bottom cover. The output shaft mating hole is mated with the upper end of the output shaft and can transmit torque.

[0018] By designing a one-way flow control mechanism in the feed pneumatic supply device, the problem of feed being improperly sucked in due to negative pressure generated by the rotating sprinkler head under intermittent small-volume feeding is solved. This one-way flow control mechanism will only automatically open when the feed extrusion supply mechanism provides sufficient extrusion force and will automatically close after the supply stops, thereby effectively blocking the negative pressure backflow channel, significantly improving the accuracy of feed feeding, better meeting the needs of aquaculture where intermittent small-volume feeding is often used, ensuring the healthy growth of farmed organisms, and reducing the incidence of diseases and farming costs.

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages provided by the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to aid in understanding the present invention. The contents provided in the drawings and their related descriptions in this specification can be used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation on the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the automatic feed surface feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the feed dispensing head and throwing pipe of the automatic feed surface feeding device shown.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A 3D view of the base of the feed dispenser for the automatic feed dispensing device on the water surface.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A 3D view of the feed dispenser head of the automatic feed surface feeding device shown.

[0025] Figure 5 This is an external view of the feed pneumatic supply device of the automatic feed surface feeding system according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the improved structure at the bottom of the feed pneumatic supply device.

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial sectional view.

[0028] Figure 8 To Figure 6 The diagram shows a further improved version of the pneumatic feed supply device.

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A partial sectional view. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that: The technical solutions and features provided in the various sections, including the following description, can be combined with each other without conflict. Furthermore, where possible, these technical solutions, features, and related combinations can be given specific technical subject matter and protected by relevant patents.

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only some embodiments and not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of patent protection.

[0032] The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and any variations thereof in this specification, the corresponding claims, and related sections are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. Other related terms and units can be reasonably interpreted based on the relevant content provided in this specification.

[0033] The automatic feed surface feeding system of this utility model includes: an automatic feed surface feeding device and a feed pneumatic supply device. The applicant described the following in Chinese patent application document No. 2025103181401.

[0034] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the automatic feed feeding device on the water surface mainly includes: a float 11, a support 12, a motor 13, a sprinkler base 14, a sprinkler 15, a throwing pipe 16, and a feeding pipe 17.

[0035] When in use, the bracket 12 is set on the float 11 and a motor mounting plate 121 is horizontally installed. The float 11 is used to support the automatic feed feeding device to float on the water surface.

[0036] The motor 13 is mounted below the motor mounting plate 121 and the output shaft 131 of the motor 13 passes vertically upward through the motor mounting plate 121.

[0037] The feed distribution base 14 is mounted above the motor mounting plate 121 and allows the output shaft 131 to pass vertically upward through the feed distribution base 14. The feed distribution base 14 has a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the side of the feed distribution base.

[0038] The sprinkler head 15 is connected to the output shaft 131 and is rotatably mounted on the sprinkler head base 14. The sprinkler head 15 has a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler side.

[0039] The feed end of the throwing tube 16 is installed on the sprinkler head 15, while the discharge end extends upward and away from the sprinkler head 15. The number of throwing tubes 16 is ≥1. When the number of throwing tubes 16 is >1, these throwing tubes 16 are circumferentially distributed on the sprinkler head 15.

[0040] The input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the base side of the sprinkler head is used to connect to the feed inlet pipe 17, which is used to convey a mixed fluid containing feed and carrier airflow into the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the base side of the sprinkler head. The output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the base side of the sprinkler head is connected to the input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head side, and the output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head side is connected to the feed inlet.

[0041] like Figure 5As shown, the feed pneumatic supply device includes a hopper 21 and a pneumatic output mechanism located below the discharge port at the bottom of the hopper 21. The pneumatic output mechanism includes a discharge mechanism located at the discharge port at the bottom of the hopper 21, a feed pneumatic conveying pipe 22 connected to the discharge mechanism, and a blower connected to one end of the feed pneumatic conveying pipe 22. The other end of the feed pneumatic conveying pipe 22 is connected to the feed inlet pipe 17 through a feed pneumatic conveying hose, thereby inputting mixed fluid into the feed inlet pipe 17.

[0042] During operation, the blower is first started to generate a high-speed airflow. This airflow enters the feed pneumatic conveying pipeline. At the same time, the unloading mechanism at the bottom of the hopper 21 releases the feed in the hopper into the airflow according to the preset feeding amount requirements. Under the action of the high-speed movement of the airflow, the feed is drawn into the airflow to form a mixed fluid of feed and carrier airflow. Driven by the air pressure difference, the mixed fluid is transported through the feed pneumatic conveying pipeline with a certain initial kinetic energy to the feed inlet pipe 17 of the automatic feed surface feeding device.

[0043] The mixed fluid enters the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the feed maker side of the feed maker base 14 through the feed inlet pipe 17, then flows into the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the feed maker side of the feed maker 15, and then enters the feed inlet of the throwing pipe 16. At the same time, the motor 13 drives the output shaft 131 to drive the feed maker 15 connected to it to rotate at high speed. When the mixed fluid flows through the rotating feed maker 15 and the throwing pipe 16, the acceleration increases under the action of centrifugal force, causing the feed to be thrown out from the discharge end of the throwing pipe 16 in an upward arc trajectory away from the feed maker.

[0044] The aforementioned automatic feed surface feeding system significantly improves the feeding effect in aquaculture through the organic combination of floating body design, pneumatic conveying, and rotating sprinkler. The floating body design allows the automatic feed surface feeding device to float on the water surface, overcoming the limitations of traditional land-based automatic feeding devices fixed to the edge of the pond, extending the feeding position to the central area of ​​the water body. Pneumatic conveying, through a feed pneumatic supply device, inputs a mixed fluid containing feed and carrier airflow through the feed inlet pipe 17 to the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler base side and then to the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler side, allowing the feed to gain initial kinetic energy under the action of hydrodynamics. The rotating sprinkler structure, driven by motor 13, rotates the sprinkler 15 via the output shaft 131, further accelerating the feed and changing its direction of movement through centrifugal force. The synergistic effect of these two power mechanisms is the core technical advantage of this invention—pneumatic conveying provides the initial speed and uniform dispersion of the feed, while centrifugal force converts this kinetic energy into a greater horizontal projection distance, creating a "double acceleration" effect. This innovative power coupling design multiplies the spreading radius under the same energy consumption conditions, while ensuring uniform feed distribution. It effectively solves the problems of limited feeding range and uneven feed distribution caused by traditional equipment, resulting in local hypoxia and nutrient loss, and achieves the dual goals of structural simplification and energy efficiency improvement.

[0045] If only pneumatic conveying is used, the feed will be sprayed mainly in a vertical direction with a limited range; if only centrifugal force is used, a higher power motor is required to achieve the same throwing distance, which significantly increases energy consumption and results in poor feed dispersion.

[0046] The feeding tube 16 is a tapered tube with a diameter that gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet. For example, the tapered tube is formed using a tube-shrinking process. This tapered tube utilizes the "nozzle effect" in fluid mechanics; as the diameter gradually decreases, the velocity of the mixed fluid increases accordingly, resulting in a more significant acceleration effect when the mixed fluid containing feed and carrier airflow passes through the feeding tube 16. When this acceleration effect works synergistically with the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the feed sprinkler head 15, it can improve the feeding distance and dispersion uniformity.

[0047] The specific structure of the automatic feed surface feeding device is shown in [reference needed]. Figures 2-4 As shown. Figures 2-4 As shown, the sprinkler base 14 is an aluminum alloy casting. The aluminum alloy casting includes a bottom cover 141, a mounting base 142 located below the bottom cover 141, a sleeve 143 extending vertically upward from the bottom of the bottom cover 141, and a feed pipe docking interface 144 located on the side wall of the bottom cover 141 (the feed pipe docking interface 144 is used to install the feed pipe 17). The inner wall of the bottom cover 141 and the outer wall of the sleeve 143 form a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler base side. The upper opening of the bottom cover 141 forms the output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler base side. An output shaft 131 mounting through hole is formed in the sleeve 143. The output shaft 131 mounting through hole passes through the sprinkler base 14 vertically and is clearance-fitted with the sleeve 143. A bearing mounting groove 145 is provided at the upper end of the sleeve 143 (the bearing mounting groove 145 is used to install the bearing 18).

[0048] In addition, the sprinkler head 15 is also an aluminum alloy casting, which includes a top cover 151 and a feeding tube docking interface 152 located on the side wall of the top cover 151. The top of the top cover 151 is provided with a sleeve slot 153 and an output shaft 131 mating hole 154. The upper end of the sleeve 143 is inserted into the sleeve slot 153 and is clearance-fitted with the sleeve slot 153. The top cover 151 is supported on the sleeve 143 by a bearing 18. The bearing 18 is sleeved on the output shaft 131. The inner wall of the top cover 151 and the outer wall of the sleeve 143 form a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler side. The lower opening of the top cover 151 forms the input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler side. The lower opening of the top cover 151 is sleeved and clearance-fitted with the upper opening of the bottom cover. The output shaft mating hole and the upper end of the output shaft 131 are mated to each other and can transmit torque.

[0049] The structural design of the feed distribution base 14 and the feed distribution head 15 forms a sophisticated rotary transmission and pneumatic conveying composite system. The feed distribution base 14 is integrally cast from aluminum alloy and includes a bottom cover 141, a mounting base 142, a sleeve 143, and a feed pipe docking interface 144. The inner wall of the bottom cover 141 and the outer wall of the sleeve 143 form a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the side of the feed distribution base, and the opening at the upper end of the bottom cover serves as the output end of this chamber. The output shaft 131 in the sleeve 143 has a through hole that runs through the entire feed distribution base and is provided with a bearing mounting groove 145. Correspondingly, the feed spreader 15 is also made of aluminum alloy casting. Its top cover 151 has a feed pipe docking interface 152 on its side wall, and a sleeve slot 153 and an output shaft mating hole 154 on its top. The upper end of the sleeve 143 is inserted into the sleeve slot 153 and supports the top cover 151 through a bearing 18, which is fitted onto the output shaft 131. A feed pneumatic conveying chamber is formed between the inner wall of the top cover 151 and the outer wall of the sleeve 143, with its lower opening serving as the input end and clearance-fitting with the upper opening of the bottom cover. The output shaft mating hole mates with the upper end of the output shaft to transmit torque. This structural design achieves a clever separation and coordination between the feed pneumatic conveying channel and the rotary drive system, ensuring smooth conveying of the mixed fluid and stable rotation of the feed spreader.

[0050] Furthermore, the structural design of the sprinkler base 14 and the sprinkler head 15 forms a sophisticated rotary transmission and pneumatic conveying composite system, which particularly highlights the advantage of the mixed fluid being transported from bottom to top along the shortest path. The sprinkler base 14 is made of integral aluminum alloy casting. The feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler base side, formed by the inner wall of the bottom cover 141 and the outer wall of the sleeve 143, provides the shortest and most direct upward channel for the mixed fluid introduced from the feed pipe docking interface 144. The opening at the upper end of the bottom cover serves as the output end of this chamber, ensuring smooth upward transmission of airflow. At the same time, the sleeve 143 forms a central axial support, and the drive structure and airflow channel are spatially separated through the through hole of the central through-output shaft 131. The seamlessly connected spreader 15 is also made of aluminum alloy casting. The feed pneumatic conveying chamber formed between the inner wall of the top cover 151 and the outer wall of the sleeve 143 receives the mixed fluid from the base and is directly guided to the throwing pipe through the throwing pipe docking interface 152 on the side wall, forming a smooth path transition from vertical upward to horizontal throwing. The gap fit design between the lower opening of the top cover 151 and the upper opening of the bottom cover ensures that the airflow maintains the shortest transmission distance in the vertical direction and flows upward along the surface of the sleeve 143. This bottom-up airflow guiding structure minimizes airflow turning losses, ensures that the mixed fluid is conveyed and thrown within the shortest path, and effectively improves pneumatic transmission efficiency and throwing performance.

[0051] The lower opening of the top cover 151 and the upper opening of the bottom cover 141 are connected by a labyrinth-type dynamic sealing structure. Thus, the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the feed distribution base side formed between the bottom cover 141 and the sleeve 143, and the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the feed distribution side formed between the top cover 151 and the sleeve 143, achieve a highly efficient and airtight connection through the labyrinth-type dynamic sealing structure between the lower opening of the top cover and the upper opening of the bottom cover, effectively preventing leakage of the mixed fluid.

[0052] In addition, a U-shaped connecting plate 19 is installed on the upper outer side of the top cover 151. The top of the U-shaped connecting plate 19 is fastened to the upper end face of the output shaft by bolts, and the two side plates of the U-shaped connecting plate 19 respectively mate with the corresponding planes on the outer side of the top cover. The U-shaped connecting plate 19 on the top cover 151 is fastened to the upper end face of the output shaft 131 by bolts, and at the same time, the two side plates of the U-shaped connecting plate 19 mate with the corresponding planes on the outer side of the top cover, forming an additional torque transmission structure to ensure that the power of the motor 13 can be efficiently transmitted to the sprinkler head 15.

[0053] The float 11 is an annular float, and the bracket 12 is installed at the upper center of the annular float.

[0054] When the above-mentioned automatic feed surface feeding system is working, the mixed fluid input into the feed pipe 17 by the feed pneumatic supply device has a flow rate of 15m / s-30m / s, the mass ratio of feed to carrier airflow in the mixed fluid is 1:(0.01-0.1), and the motor 13 drives the sprinkler head 15 to rotate at a speed of 1400rpm-3000rpm.

[0055] The feed pneumatic supply device inputs a mixed fluid with a flow rate of 15m / s-30m / s into the feed pipe, ensuring rapid feed flow within the pneumatic conveying chamber. Simultaneously, the mass ratio of feed to carrier airflow in the mixed fluid is controlled within the range of 1:(0.01-0.1), ensuring sufficient pneumatic carrying capacity while avoiding energy waste caused by excessive airflow. The motor drives the sprinkler head to rotate at a high speed of 1400rpm-3000rpm, precisely transmitting power to the sprinkler head through the output shaft, generating strong centrifugal force between the top cover and the throwing pipe. This precise coordination of the three key parameters achieves a dual acceleration effect of "pneumatic conveying acceleration" and "centrifugal force acceleration," allowing the mixed fluid to flow smoothly within the pneumatic conveying chambers on both the sprinkler head base and sprinkler head sides before being ejected at high speed through the throwing pipe, forming an ideal spreading range and uniformity.

[0056] Experimental Example I. Experimental Methods 1) Selection of automatic feed feeding device on water surface.

[0057] An automatic feed feeding device with four feed tubes of the same specifications, "φ30-φ20-160", is used. "φ30" indicates that the diameter of the feed inlet of the feed tube is 30 mm, "φ20" indicates that the diameter of the feed outlet is 20 mm, and "160" indicates that the length of the feed tube is 160 mm.

[0058] 2) Setting experimental variables.

[0059] Adjust the flow rate of the mixed fluid, the mass ratio of feed to carrier airflow in the mixed fluid, and the motor speed, and measure the corresponding feeding area, feed distribution uniformity, and energy consumption index.

[0060] 3) Method for measuring the feeding area.

[0061] Multiple concentric circles were drawn on the ground with the center point of the automatic feed dispensing device on the water surface as the center, at intervals of 0.5 meters. The radius of the outermost visible feed landing point was measured after each feeding. The feeding area was calculated using the formula S=πr², where r is the measured feeding radius. Measurements were conducted in a windless environment, and each set of parameters was measured three times, with the average value taken.

[0062] 4) Method for measuring feed distribution uniformity.

[0063] Eight sampling areas (four points in the inner ring and four points in the outer ring) were evenly arranged concentrically on the ground, with the center point of the automatic feed feeding device as the center. The radius of the inner ring was 1 / 3 of the maximum feeding radius, and the radius of the outer ring was 2 / 3 of the maximum feeding radius. Feed samples were collected at each sampling point using a standard sampler (100cm² circular sampling frame) and weighed accurately to 0.01g. Uniformity was calculated using the coefficient of variation method.

[0064] 5) Energy consumption index measurement method.

[0065] The power consumption of the blower and motor was simultaneously measured using a calibrated electricity meter (accuracy class 0.5). After the system started and ran stably for 3 minutes, the average power (kW) over 5 minutes was recorded. Simultaneously, the mass (kg) of feed conveyed during this period was measured using an electronic scale (accuracy ±5g), and converted to the hourly processing capacity (t / h). The energy consumption index was calculated using the formula: Total power (kW) / Processing capacity per unit time (t / h).

[0066] 6) Experimental steps.

[0067] a. Set the motor speed to 1400 rpm and 2800 rpm; b. Adjust the speed of the pneumatic system fan according to the flow velocity requirements (15m / s, 20m / s, 25m / s, 30m / s); c. Adjust the feeding and unloading rate of the unloading mechanism according to the required mass ratio (1:0.01, 1:0.03, 1:0.06, 1:0.1); d. After the system is running stably, measure the feeding area, feed distribution uniformity, and energy consumption index in sequence; e. Test each parameter combination three times and take the average value as the final data; f. Change the parameter combination and repeat the above steps.

[0068] II. Experimental Results Table 1: Experimental Results 15 Approximately 1:0.01 1400 7.5 176.6 75.2 0.38 15 Approximately 1:0.01 2800 9.3 271.6 70.1 0.63 20 Approximately 1:0.03 1400 8.0 201.1 81.3 0.52 20 Approximately 1:0.03 2800 9.8 301.7 78.5 0.79 25 Approximately 1:0.06 1400 8.4 221.7 86.9 0.73 25 Approximately 1:0.06 2800 10.2 326.9 84.6 1.05 30 Approximately 1:0.10 1400 8.7 237.8 85.3 0.98 30 Approximately 1:0.10 2800 10.5 346.4 82.2 1.42 III. Results Analysis The experimental results clearly demonstrate the complex interrelationships between the mixed fluid velocity, the feed-to-carrier airflow mass ratio, and the motor speed, and their comprehensive impact on system performance: 1) Correlation between flow velocity and mass ratio: As the flow velocity increases from 15 m / s to 30 m / s, the corresponding feed-to-carrier airflow mass ratio decreases from 1:0.01 to 1:0.1. This relationship indicates that higher flow velocities require more carrier airflow to maintain stable delivery. Data shows that with the increase of flow velocity and airflow ratio, the energy consumption index exhibits a significant upward trend, rising from 0.38 kWh / t to 1.42 kWh / t, an increase of approximately 273%.

[0069] 2) Relationship between uniformity and flow rate-mass ratio: The uniformity of feed distribution showed a trend of first increasing and then stabilizing, reaching its highest level (86.9%) at a flow rate of 25 m / s and a mass ratio of 1:0.06, thus entering the "excellent" grade. This indicates that the most ideal flow state was formed in the pneumatic conveying chamber under medium-high flow rates and moderate airflow ratios. When the flow rate was further increased to 30 m / s and the mass ratio reached 1:0.1, the uniformity no longer increased significantly, but instead decreased slightly.

[0070] 3) Effect of motor speed on feeding radius: When the motor speed increases from 1400 rpm to 2800 rpm, the feeding radius and area increase significantly, especially under high flow rate conditions. For example, at a flow rate of 30 m / s, increasing the speed from 1400 rpm to 2800 rpm increases the feeding radius from 8.7 m to 10.5 m, expanding the area by approximately 45%. This indicates that the motor speed primarily affects the feeding range by increasing the centrifugal force of the feed nozzle.

[0071] 4) Energy Efficiency Analysis: The data clearly shows that flow rate and mass ratio have a significantly greater impact on energy consumption than rotational speed. For example, at the same rotational speed of 1400 rpm, when the flow rate increases from 15 m / s to 30 m / s and the mass ratio increases from 1:0.01 to 1:0.1, the energy consumption index increases by 158% (from 0.38 to 0.98). However, at the same flow rate and mass ratio, increasing from 1400 rpm to 2800 rpm results in an energy consumption increase of approximately 45-65%. This indicates that the energy consumption of the pneumatic system accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption.

[0072] 5) Optimal parameter combination: Considering both distribution uniformity and energy consumption index, the combination of flow velocity 25 m / s, mass ratio 1:0.06, and rotational speed 1400 rpm shows a good performance balance. At this point, the distribution uniformity reaches an excellent level (86.9%), while energy consumption remains at a moderate level (0.73 kWh / t). If energy efficiency is the priority and uniformity requirements are not particularly high, then 20 m / s, 1:0.03, and 1400 rpm are more economical choices.

[0073] 6) High-efficiency operating window: Experimental results show that even with the same hardware configuration (part number 0.8, φ30-φ20-160*2), significant differences in system performance can occur by adjusting operating parameters. In particular, a flow rate of 25 m / s is located at the inflection point of the performance curve, representing the optimal balance between uniformity and energy consumption.

[0074] 7) Economic analysis: Based on an annual feed consumption of 100 tons and an electricity price of 0.8 yuan / kWh, the combination of 25m / s, 1:0.06, and 1400rpm can save approximately 5,520 yuan in electricity costs per year compared to the combination of 30m / s, 1:0.1, and 2800rpm [(1.42-0.73)kWh / t × 100t × 0.8 yuan / kWh], while still maintaining excellent feed distribution uniformity.

[0075] The results of this experiment demonstrate that by precisely controlling the flow rate, mass ratio, and rotational speed parameters, the performance and efficiency of an automatic feed surface feeding system can be significantly optimized without changing the hardware configuration. This provides a scientific basis for users to select appropriate operating parameters according to their actual needs.

[0076] In aquaculture, intermittent, small-volume feeding is often used. Therefore, the aforementioned automatic feed surface feeding system employs a control method where a rotating feed nozzle is kept spinning while a pneumatic feed supply device intermittently supplies a mixed fluid to the automatic feed surface feeding device. However, the inventors discovered that when the pneumatic feed supply device stops operating, the negative pressure generated by the rotating nozzle causes feed to be sucked into the rotating nozzle, resulting in reduced feeding accuracy. Therefore, the pneumatic feed supply device was improved.

[0077] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the improved structure at the bottom of the feed pneumatic supply device. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial sectional view. For example... Figures 6-7 As shown, the feed pneumatic supply device includes a mixing container for mixing feed with carrier airflow to form a mixed fluid and outputting the mixed fluid. The mixing container is provided with a feed supply port, a carrier airflow supply port, and a mixed fluid output port. The feed supply port is used to connect to the feed supply source (i.e., hopper 21), and the carrier airflow supply port is used to connect to the carrier airflow supply source (i.e., blower). The feed supply port is connected to the feed extrusion supply mechanism (which functions as the original unloading mechanism but can apply a certain extrusion force to the feed, specifically a screw extruder 25 or a star-shaped unloader, etc.) through a one-way conduction control mechanism. The feed supply source supplies feed to the mixing container through the feed extrusion supply mechanism and the one-way conduction control mechanism. The one-way conduction control mechanism is automatically opened under the extrusion force of the feed from the feed extrusion supply mechanism and is automatically closed after the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops supplying feed.

[0078] Specifically, the unidirectional control mechanism includes a feeding hopper 23 located at the feed supply port on top of the mixing container. The feeding hopper 23 is a hopper with an open bottom and closed top and perimeter. The feeding hopper 23 has a vertical side connected to a feed extrusion supply mechanism. A baffle 24 is mounted on the opening on the inner side of the vertical side corresponding to the discharge port of the feed extrusion supply mechanism via an upper hinge. Under the extrusion pressure of the feed from the feed extrusion supply mechanism, the baffle 24 is rotated and lifted from the opening along the rotation axis of the upper hinge, thus opening the opening. When the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops supplying feed, the baffle naturally hangs down under gravity, closing the opening. The feed extrusion supply mechanism specifically employs a horizontally arranged screw extruder 25. The screw extrusion component of the screw extruder 25 is a shaftless auger. The mixing container is a horizontally arranged tubular container (equivalent to the aforementioned feed pneumatic conveying pipe 22). The carrier airflow supply port and the mixed fluid output port are located at opposite ends of the tubular container, and the feed supply port is located on the wall of the tubular container. The airflow supply source for the carrier is specifically a blower. In addition, the feed pneumatic supply device also includes a hopper 21, and the discharge port at the bottom of the hopper 21 is connected to the feed extrusion supply mechanism.

[0079] By setting a feed hopper 23 on the feed supply port at the top of the mixing container, and connecting the feed extrusion supply mechanism (such as a screw extruder 25) to its vertical side, and installing a baffle 24 at the corresponding discharge port opening via an upper hinge, a clever one-way flow control mechanism is formed. When the screw extruder 25 is working, the feed delivered from the discharge port at the bottom of the hopper 21 generates sufficient extrusion pressure, pushing the baffle 24 to rise along the rotation axis of the upper hinge to open the channel, allowing the feed to smoothly enter the horizontally set tubular container (feed pneumatic conveying pipe 22) and mix with the carrier airflow; when the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops working, the baffle 24 naturally hangs down under its own gravity to close the opening, effectively blocking the negative pressure backflow channel generated by the rotating sprinkler, preventing the negative pressure inside the mixing container from sucking the feed into the screw extruder 25 through the feed supply port, thereby ensuring the accuracy of feed feeding under the intermittent small-volume feeding method.

[0080] Furthermore, in the previous version of the pneumatic feed supply device, farmers needed to conduct tedious debugging, test its operational performance, and understand the feeding speed of each pneumatic feed supply device before they could formulate a suitable feeding parameter strategy. With the improved pneumatic feed supply device, the amount of feed delivered per revolution of the screw extruder 25 becomes precise and controllable, and the one-way conduction mechanism of the baffle 24 ensures accurate metering during intermittent feeding, significantly reducing debugging work and better meeting the technological requirements of intermittent, small-volume feeding in aquaculture.

[0081] To reduce the flow of carrier airflow into the lower hopper 23, the bottom of the hopper 23 has a curved section 231 that is inclined towards the direction of the mixed fluid flow in the tubular container, and the bottom opening of the hopper 23 is located at the lower end of the curved section 231. This design reduces the possibility of carrier airflow flowing back into the lower hopper 23 when the carrier airflow flows in a predetermined direction within the mixing container.

[0082] Figure 8 To Figure 6 The diagram shows a further improved version of the pneumatic feed supply device. Figure 9 for Figure 8 A partial sectional view. For example... Figures 8-9 As shown, in this embodiment, the angle between the feeding direction of the feed extrusion supply mechanism and the flow direction of the mixed fluid in the tubular container is 90°. This further reduces the flow of the carrier airflow into the downward hopper 23.

[0083] Generally, the angle between the feeding direction of the feed extrusion feeding mechanism and the flow direction of the mixed fluid in the tubular container can be 90°-180°.

[0084] In addition, the bottom of the feeding bin 23 is provided with a guide plate 232, which is inserted into the tubular container from the bottom opening of the feeding bin 23 and forms a gap with the inside of the tubular container.

[0085] As a structural component inserted into the tubular container from the bottom opening of the feeding bin 23, the feed guide plate 232 establishes a controlled feed guiding channel by forming a carefully designed gap with the inner wall of the tubular container, enabling the feed to enter the mixed fluid flow path more directionally; at the same time, the feed guide plate 232 not only guides the feed smoothly into the carrier airflow, but also further reduces the possibility of the carrier airflow flowing back into the feeding bin 23.

[0086] The foregoing has described the relevant content of this utility model. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement this utility model based on these descriptions. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing content of this specification without inventive effort should fall within the scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A pneumatic feed supply device, comprising a mixing container for mixing feed with a carrier airflow to form a mixed fluid and outputting the mixed fluid, wherein the mixing container is provided with a feed supply port, a carrier airflow supply port, and a mixed fluid output port, the feed supply port being connected to a feed supply source, and the carrier airflow supply port being connected to a carrier airflow supply source, characterized in that: The feed supply port is connected to the feed extrusion supply mechanism via a one-way flow control mechanism. The feed supply source supplies feed to the mixing container through the feed extrusion supply mechanism and the one-way flow control mechanism. The one-way flow control mechanism automatically opens under the extrusion force of the feed from the feed extrusion supply mechanism and automatically closes after the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops supplying feed.

2. The feed pneumatic feeding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The unidirectional flow control mechanism includes a feeding hopper located on the feed supply port at the top of the mixing container. The feeding hopper is a hopper with an open bottom and closed top and perimeter. The feeding hopper has a vertical side connected to the feed extrusion supply mechanism. A baffle is mounted on the opening on the inner side of the vertical side corresponding to the discharge port of the feed extrusion supply mechanism via an upper hinge. Under the extrusion force of the feed from the feed extrusion supply mechanism, the baffle is rotated and lifted from the opening along the rotation axis of the upper hinge, thereby opening the opening. When the feed extrusion supply mechanism stops supplying feed, the baffle naturally hangs down under gravity, thereby closing the opening.

3. The feed pneumatic feeding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by: The feed extrusion and supply mechanism adopts a horizontally arranged screw extruder.

4. The feed pneumatic feeding apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by: The screw extrusion component of the screw extruder adopts a shaftless auger.

5. A feed pneumatic supply device according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that: The mixing container is a horizontally arranged tubular container. The carrier airflow supply port and the mixed fluid output port are located at opposite ends of the tubular container, and the feed supply port is located on the wall of the tubular container.

6. The feed pneumatic feeding apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by: The angle between the feeding direction of the feed extrusion and supply mechanism and the flow direction of the mixed fluid in the tubular container is 90°-180°. And / or, the bottom of the feeding hopper forms a curved section that is inclined toward the direction of the flow of the mixed fluid in the tubular container, and the bottom opening of the feeding hopper is located at the lower end of the curved section; And / or, the bottom of the feeding hopper is provided with a guide plate, which is inserted into the tubular container from the bottom opening of the feeding hopper and forms a gap with the interior of the tubular container.

7. A feed pneumatic supply device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The airflow supply source for the carrier is a blower.

8. The feed pneumatic supply device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: It includes a hopper, the bottom discharge port of which is connected to the feed extrusion and supply mechanism.

9. The automatic feeding system of the water surface of the feed, characterized in that: This includes automatic feed surface feeding devices and pneumatic feed supply devices; The automatic feed surface feeding device specifically includes a support frame, a motor, a sprinkler base, a sprinkler head, and a feeding pipe; The bracket is set on the float and a motor mounting plate is installed horizontally. The float is used to support the automatic feed feeding device to float on the water surface. The motor is mounted below the motor mounting plate and the output shaft of the motor passes vertically upward through the motor mounting plate; The feed distribution base is installed above the motor mounting plate and allows the output shaft to pass vertically upward through the feed distribution base. The feed distribution base has a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the side of the feed distribution base. The sprinkler head is connected to the output shaft and is rotatably mounted on the sprinkler head base. The sprinkler head has a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head side. The feeding end of the throwing tube is installed on the sprinkler head, while the discharging end extends upward and away from the sprinkler head. The number of throwing tubes is ≥1. When the number of throwing tubes is >1, these throwing tubes are circumferentially distributed on the sprinkler head. The input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the base side of the sprinkler head is used to connect to the feed inlet pipe, which is used to convey a mixed fluid containing feed and carrier airflow into the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the base side of the sprinkler head. The output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the base side of the sprinkler head is connected to the input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head side, and the output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the sprinkler head side is connected to the feed inlet. The feed pneumatic supply device is the feed pneumatic supply device as described in any one of claims 1-8. The feed pneumatic supply device is connected to the feed pipe through a feed pneumatic conveying pipeline for inputting the mixed fluid into the feed pipe.

10. The automatic feeding system of claim 9, wherein the water surface is a water surface of a water tank. The feed distribution base includes a bottom cover, a mounting base disposed below the bottom cover, a sleeve extending vertically upward from the bottom of the bottom cover, and a feed pipe docking interface located on the side wall of the bottom cover. A feed pneumatic conveying chamber is formed between the inner wall of the bottom cover and the outer wall of the sleeve. The upper opening of the bottom cover forms the output end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber. An output shaft mounting through hole is formed in the sleeve. The output shaft mounting through hole extends vertically through the feed distribution base and is clearance-fitted with the sleeve. A bearing mounting groove is provided at the upper end of the sleeve, and a bearing is installed in the bearing mounting groove. The feed dispenser includes a top cover and a feed tube docking interface located on the side wall of the top cover. The top of the top cover is provided with a sleeve slot and an output shaft mating hole. The upper end of the sleeve is inserted into the sleeve slot and is clearance-fitted with the sleeve slot. The top cover is supported on the sleeve by the bearing, and the bearing is sleeved on the output shaft. The inner wall of the top cover and the outer wall of the sleeve form a feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the feed dispenser side. The lower opening of the top cover forms the input end of the feed pneumatic conveying chamber on the feed dispenser side. The lower opening of the top cover is sleeved and clearance-fitted with the upper opening of the bottom cover. The output shaft mating hole is mated with the upper end of the output shaft and can transmit torque.

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