Ammonium nitrate production and storage system

Abstract

This utility model discloses an ammonium nitrate production and storage system, belonging to the field of ammonium nitrate technology. The technical solution includes: an evaporator, a neutralizer, a gas-liquid separator, a neutralizer, another evaporator, an ammonium nitrate solution tank, an evaporator, an ammonium nitrate storage tank, a heat exchanger, and a controller, all connected sequentially by pipelines. Evaporator 1 is connected to a liquid ammonia inlet pipeline and an ammonia gas inlet pipeline. Neutralizers 1 and 2 are both connected to ammonia gas inlet pipelines and nitric acid inlet pipelines. Neutralizer 1 is connected to the gas-liquid separator via a pipeline, and the gas-liquid separator is connected to a steam outlet pipeline and a liquid outlet pipeline. Neutralizer 2 is connected to evaporator 2 via an ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipeline. This utility model achieves high energy efficiency and safety in the ammonium nitrate production and storage process by optimizing energy recovery, strengthening safety monitoring and protection, improving production continuity, and enhancing environmental performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of ammonium nitrate technology, specifically relating to an ammonium nitrate production and storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonium nitrate is an important industrial raw material and fertilizer component, but it exhibits significant thermal instability and explosion risks during production and storage. Traditional ammonium nitrate production processes typically employ a neutralization reaction, which is highly exothermic and generates large amounts of high-temperature steam. Directly releasing this energy would result in enormous waste. Current technologies also exhibit low overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0003] Furthermore, ammonium nitrate solutions are prone to absorbing moisture and clumping during storage, and are susceptible to decomposition upon heating or contamination, posing significant safety hazards. Current storage tank designs primarily focus on basic insulation and agitation, exhibiting serious deficiencies in intrinsic safety design and lacking features such as active monitoring and emergency suppression. Once temperature or pressure becomes uncontrolled, it can easily lead to safety accidents. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides an ammonium nitrate production and storage system that achieves high energy efficiency and safety in the ammonium nitrate production and storage process by optimizing energy recovery, strengthening safety monitoring and protection, improving production continuity, and enhancing environmental performance.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] The ammonium nitrate production and storage system includes an evaporator, a neutralizer, a gas-liquid separator, a neutralizer, a evaporator, an ammonium nitrate solution tank, an evaporator, an ammonium nitrate storage tank, a heat exchanger, and a controller, all connected in sequence by pipelines.

[0007] Evaporator 1 is connected to a liquid ammonia feed pipeline and an ammonia gas feed pipeline. Neutralizer 1 and Neutralizer 2 are both connected to an ammonia gas feed pipeline and a nitric acid feed pipeline. Neutralizer 1 is connected to a gas-liquid separator through a pipeline. The gas-liquid separator is connected to a steam outlet pipeline and a liquid outlet pipeline. Neutralizer 2 is connected to evaporator 2 through an ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipeline.

[0008] The liquid ammonia feed line and the steam outlet line pass through a heat exchanger to exchange heat.

[0009] Preferably, pumps are installed on the steam outlet pipeline, the ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipeline, and the pipelines between neutralizer one and gas-liquid separator, gas-liquid separator and neutralizer two, ammonium nitrate solution tank and evaporator two, and ammonium nitrate solution tank and evaporator three.

[0010] Preferably, the ammonium nitrate storage tank includes a tank body, which comprises, from the outside to the inside, an outer protective layer, a flame-retardant insulation layer, and an inner liner layer. The sidewalls of the ammonium nitrate storage tank are connected to an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a vent pipe. The inlet pipe and outlet pipe are respectively equipped with an inlet control valve and an outlet control valve, both of which are electrically connected to a controller. Internal circulation pipelines are also connected through the left and right ends of the tank body's sidewalls. A circulation pump is installed in the internal circulation pipelines. Baffles are alternately arranged at the top and bottom of the tank body. A dry air inlet pipeline is installed on the sidewall at the bottom of the tank body, and this dry air inlet pipeline is connected to a dry air compressor. The dry air inlet pipeline is equipped with a flow sensor and a gas flow valve, both of which are electrically connected to the controller.

[0011] The tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a gas concentration sensor, all of which are electrically connected to the controller. The steam outlet pipe of the gas-liquid separator is also connected to the shell side of the heating chamber of evaporator two and / or evaporator three via a branch pipe. A pressure reducing control valve is installed on the branch pipe, and the pressure reducing control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

[0012] Preferably, the dry air intake pipe is connected to the intake branch pipe, and each intake branch pipe is provided with several air outlets. The intake branch pipes connected to the dry air intake pipe are arranged in a ring along the bottom of the tank.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a main water inlet pipe located at the top of the tank, the main water inlet pipe being connected to several branch water inlet pipes, the end of each branch water inlet pipe away from the main water inlet pipe being connected to a water mist nozzle, and the main water inlet pipe being equipped with a water inlet control valve, which is electrically connected to the controller.

[0014] Preferably, the outlet pipe of the ammonium nitrate storage tank is connected to an external ammonia absorption device.

[0015] Preferably, the pipelines connecting the ammonium nitrate solution discharge pipeline, the ammonium nitrate solution tank and evaporator II, the ammonium nitrate solution tank and evaporator III, and the evaporator III and ammonium nitrate storage tank are all externally covered with heat tracing pipes.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. This utility model achieves efficient utilization of reaction heat in a stepwise manner by directly using the high-temperature process steam generated by the neutralization reaction to drive the subsequent evaporator. This reduces the external steam consumption for evaporation and feeding, resulting in significant energy savings and low operating costs.

[0018] 2. Temperature, pressure, and gas concentration sensors installed inside the storage tank can monitor the tank's internal conditions in real time and provide early warnings.

[0019] 3. Dry air can create positive pressure inside the tank, preventing humid air from entering and inhibiting decomposition reactions; the integrated fine water mist spray system can be activated in case of overheating, effectively controlling the temperature inside the tank and preventing the accident from escalating; the internal circulation pipeline, together with anti-clogging filters and baffles, prevents uneven solution concentration and crystallization blockage, ensuring stable operation.

[0020] 4. Two-stage neutralizers, Neutralizer 1 and Neutralizer 2, are set up. Neutralizer 1 completes most of the reaction and can quickly convert to produce a high-quality vapor-liquid mixture. The vapor exchanges heat with liquid ammonia through a heat exchanger to realize energy recovery and utilization. Neutralizer 2 completes the remaining reaction to ensure complete neutralization and form a stable ammonium nitrate solution. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ammonium nitrate storage tank of this utility model.

[0023] In the diagram, 1. Evaporator 1; 2. Neutralizer 1; 3. Neutralizer 2; 4. Gas-liquid separator; 5. Ammonium nitrate solution tank; 6. Evaporator 2; 7. Evaporator 3; 8. Heat exchanger; 9. Ammonium nitrate storage tank; 10. Liquid ammonia feed pipeline; 11. Ammonia gas feed pipeline; 12. Nitric acid feed pipeline; 13. Steam outlet pipeline; 14. Ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipeline; 15. Liquid outlet pipeline; 16. Dry air compressor; 901. Outer protective layer; 902. Flame-retardant insulation layer; 903. Inner liner layer; 904. Internal circulation pipeline; 905. Baffle plate; 906. Main water inlet pipe; 907. Branch water inlet pipe; 908. Nozzle; 909. Liquid inlet pipe; 910. Liquid outlet pipe; 911. Gas outlet pipe; 912. Dry air inlet pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this utility model, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this utility model.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides an ammonium nitrate production and storage system, including an evaporator 1, a neutralizer 2, a gas-liquid separator 4, a neutralizer 3, an evaporator 6, an ammonium nitrate solution tank 5, an evaporator 3, an ammonium nitrate storage tank 9, a heat exchanger 8, and a controller, which are connected in sequence by pipelines.

[0027] Evaporator 1 is connected to a liquid ammonia feed line 10 and an ammonia gas feed line 11. Neutralizer 2 and neutralizer 3 are both connected to an ammonia gas feed line 11 and a nitric acid feed line 12. Neutralizer 2 is connected to a gas-liquid separator 4 through a pipeline. The gas-liquid separator 4 is connected to a steam outlet line 13 and a liquid outlet line 15. Neutralizer 3 is connected to evaporator 6 through an ammonium nitrate solution outlet line 14.

[0028] The liquid ammonia feed line 10 and the steam outlet line 13 pass through the heat exchanger 8 to achieve heat exchange.

[0029] Preferably, pumps are installed on the steam outlet pipeline 13, the ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipeline 14, and the pipelines between neutralizer 12 and gas-liquid separator 4, gas-liquid separator 4 and neutralizer 23, ammonium nitrate solution tank 5 and evaporator 26, and ammonium nitrate solution tank 5 and evaporator 37.

[0030] Preferably, the ammonium nitrate storage tank 9 includes a tank body, which, from the outside to the inside, includes an outer protective layer 901, a flame-retardant insulation layer 902, and an inner liner layer 903. The side wall of the ammonium nitrate storage tank 9 is connected to an inlet pipe 909, an outlet pipe 910, and an outlet pipe 911. The inlet pipe 909 and the outlet pipe 910 are respectively equipped with an inlet control valve and an outlet control valve, both of which are electrically connected to a controller. An internal circulation pipeline 904 is also connected through the left and right ends of the tank body's side wall. The internal circulation pipeline 904 is equipped with a circulation pump. Baffles 905 are alternately arranged at the top and bottom of the tank body. A dry air inlet pipeline 912 is provided on the side wall of the bottom of the tank body, and the dry air inlet pipeline 912 is connected to a dry air compressor 16. The dry air inlet pipeline 912 is equipped with a flow sensor and a gas flow valve, both of which are electrically connected to the controller.

[0031] The tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a gas concentration sensor, all of which are electrically connected to the controller. The steam outlet pipe 13 of the gas-liquid separator 4 is also connected to the heating chamber shell side of the evaporator 2 6 and / or the evaporator 3 7 via a branch pipe. A pressure reducing control valve is provided on the branch pipe, and the pressure reducing control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

[0032] The dry air intake pipe 912 is connected to the intake branch pipe, and each intake branch pipe is provided with several air outlets. The intake branch pipe connected to the dry air intake pipe 912 is arranged in a ring along the bottom of the tank.

[0033] It also includes a main water inlet pipe 906 located on the top of the tank, which is connected to several branch water inlet pipes 907. A water mist nozzle 908 is connected to one end of each branch water inlet pipe 907 away from the main water inlet pipe 906. The main water inlet pipe is equipped with a water inlet control valve, which is electrically connected to the controller.

[0034] The outlet pipe 911 of the ammonium nitrate storage tank 9 is connected to an external ammonia absorption device.

[0035] The pipelines connecting the ammonium nitrate solution discharge pipeline 14, the ammonium nitrate solution tank 5 and the evaporator 2 6, the ammonium nitrate solution tank 5 and the evaporator 3 7, and the evaporator 3 7 and the ammonium nitrate storage tank 9 are all externally covered with heat tracing pipes.

[0036] A delivery pump is installed on the steam outlet pipeline 13 to stably deliver the steam separated by the gas-liquid separator 4 to the heat exchanger 8 and evaporators 6 and 7. A booster pump is installed on the ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipeline 14 to ensure that the ammonium nitrate solution output from neutralizer 3 can smoothly enter evaporator 6. A feed pump is installed on the pipeline between neutralizer 2 and neutralizer 3 to control the solution output from neutralizer 2 to enter neutralizer 3 at a set flow rate. Delivery pumps are installed on the pipelines between ammonium nitrate solution tank 5 and evaporator 6, and between ammonium nitrate solution tank 5 and evaporator 7, to achieve stable delivery of the solution from the solution tank to evaporator 7.

[0037] The dry air compressor 16 provides dry air with a humidity of ≤30%, which is introduced into the tank through the annular intake branch pipe to maintain the pressure inside the tank at a slightly positive pressure of 0.12-0.15MPa. This prevents external humid air from entering the tank and causing ammonium nitrate to absorb moisture, and the dry environment can reduce the rate constant of the decomposition reaction of ammonium nitrate, thus inhibiting the decomposition reaction. When the humidity sensor inside the tank detects that the humidity is >40% or the pressure is <0.12MPa, the controller automatically adjusts the gas flow valve to increase the amount of dry air introduced.

[0038] The internal temperature sensor is set to a threshold of 100℃. When the detected temperature is above 100℃, the controller first starts the circulation pump in the internal circulation pipeline 904 to accelerate the mixing of the solution in the tank and avoid local overheating. If the temperature continues to rise to 110℃, the water inlet control valve of the main water inlet pipe 906 is automatically opened, and the water mist nozzle sprays out fine water mist. The fine water mist quickly reduces the internal temperature of the tank by evaporating and absorbing heat. At the same time, the spray volume is controlled so that the concentration of ammonium nitrate solution in the tank does not change by more than 0.5%, so as to avoid excessive concentration fluctuations that may affect product quality. When the temperature drops below 90℃, the fine water mist system is shut off.

[0039] The gas concentration sensor is used to detect whether there are gases such as N2O and NO2 produced by the decomposition of ammonium nitrate in the tank. When the N2O concentration is detected to be >0.5% or the NO2 concentration is detected to be >0.1%, the controller automatically opens the valve of the gas outlet pipeline to deliver the harmful gases to the external ammonia absorption device for treatment. At the same time, the flow of dry air is increased to inhibit the further decomposition reaction.

[0040] Working process: Liquid ammonia enters evaporator 1 through the feed pipe, where it is heated and converted into ammonia gas. This gas then enters neutralizers 2 and 3 through ammonia feed pipe 11. Nitric acid enters neutralizers 2 and 3 through nitric acid feed pipe 12. The nitric acid and ammonia react in neutralizer 2, and the resulting gas-liquid mixture enters gas-liquid separator 4. The separated vapor enters heat exchanger 8 through steam outlet pipe 13, where it exchanges heat with the liquid ammonia feed. Part of the vapor is then used for heating evaporators 6 and 7 through branch pipes. The separated ammonium nitrate solution enters neutralizer 3 through a pipe for further reaction. Ensure thorough neutralization; the ammonium nitrate solution obtained from the thorough neutralization reaction is processed sequentially through evaporator 2 (6), ammonium nitrate solution tank 5, and evaporator 3 (7) to increase its concentration. The concentrated ammonium nitrate solution enters ammonium nitrate storage tank 9. The controller monitors the temperature, pressure, and gas concentration inside the tank in real time through sensors. The internal circulation pipeline 904, driven by the circulation pump, ensures uniform mixing of materials. The dry air compressor 16 introduces dry air through the annular air inlet branch pipe to prevent moisture absorption and clumping. If an abnormality occurs, the controller automatically opens the water mist nozzle 908 to cool down or adjusts the pressure reducing control valve. The gas discharged from the ammonium nitrate storage tank 9 enters the external ammonia absorption device through the gas outlet pipe 911.

[0041] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made to the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ammonium nitrate production and storage system, characterized in that, It includes an evaporator (1), a neutralizer (2), a gas-liquid separator (4), a neutralizer (3), an evaporator (6), an ammonium nitrate solution tank (5), an evaporator (7), an ammonium nitrate storage tank (9), a heat exchanger (8), and a controller, all connected in sequence by pipelines. Evaporator 1 (1) is connected to a liquid ammonia feed pipe (10) and an ammonia feed pipe (11). Neutralizer 1 (2) and Neutralizer 2 (3) are both connected to an ammonia feed pipe (11) and a nitric acid feed pipe (12). Neutralizer 1 (2) is connected to a gas-liquid separator (4) through a pipe. The gas-liquid separator (4) is connected to a steam outlet pipe (13) and a liquid outlet pipe (15). Neutralizer 2 (3) is connected to evaporator 2 (6) through an ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipe (14). The liquid ammonia feed line (10) and the steam outlet line (13) pass through the heat exchanger (8) to achieve heat exchange.

2. The ammonium nitrate production and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Pumps are installed on the steam outlet pipeline (13), the ammonium nitrate solution outlet pipeline (14), and the pipelines between neutralizer one (2) and gas-liquid separator (4), gas-liquid separator (4) and neutralizer two (3), ammonium nitrate solution tank (5) and evaporator two (6), and ammonium nitrate solution tank (5) and evaporator three (7).

3. The ammonium nitrate production and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonium nitrate storage tank (9) includes a tank body, which, from the outside to the inside, includes an outer protective layer (901), a flame-retardant insulation layer (902), and an inner liner layer (903). The side walls of the ammonium nitrate storage tank (9) are connected to an inlet pipe (909), an outlet pipe (910), and a vent pipe (911). The inlet pipe (909) and the outlet pipe (910) are respectively equipped with an inlet control valve and an outlet control valve, both of which are electrically connected to a controller. The left and right sides of the tank body side walls... An internal circulation pipeline (904) is also connected to both ends. The internal circulation pipeline (904) is equipped with a circulation pump. The top and bottom of the tank are alternately equipped with baffles (905). The side wall of the bottom of the tank is equipped with a dry air inlet pipeline (912). The dry air inlet pipeline (912) is connected to the dry air compressor (16). The dry air inlet pipeline (912) is equipped with a flow sensor and a gas flow valve. The flow sensor and the gas flow valve are electrically connected to the controller. The tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a gas concentration sensor, all of which are electrically connected to the controller. The steam outlet pipe (13) of the gas-liquid separator (4) is also connected to the heating chamber shell side of evaporator two (6) and / or evaporator three (7) through a branch pipe. A pressure reducing control valve is provided on the branch pipe, and the pressure reducing control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

4. The ammonium nitrate production and storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The dry air intake pipe (912) is connected to the intake branch pipe, and each intake branch pipe is provided with several air outlets. The intake branch pipe connected to the dry air intake pipe (912) is arranged in a ring along the bottom of the tank.

5. The ammonium nitrate production and storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a main water inlet pipe (906) located on the top of the tank, the main water inlet pipe (906) is connected to several branch water inlet pipes (907), the end of the branch water inlet pipe (907) away from the main water inlet pipe (906) is connected to a water mist nozzle (908), the main water inlet pipe is equipped with a water inlet control valve, and the water inlet control valve is electrically connected to the controller.

6. The ammonium nitrate production and storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The outlet pipe (911) of the ammonium nitrate storage tank (9) is connected to an external ammonia absorption device.

7. The ammonium nitrate production and storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pipelines between the ammonium nitrate solution discharge pipeline (14), the ammonium nitrate solution tank (5) and evaporator two (6), the ammonium nitrate solution tank (5) and evaporator three (7), and the evaporator three (7) and ammonium nitrate storage tank (9) are all covered with heat tracing pipes.

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