A measurable spindle head

Abstract

This utility model discloses a measurable spindle head, including an A-axis measuring unit and a second pyramidal reflector detachably mounted on a machine tool. The A-axis measuring unit includes a measuring unit mounting bracket, a laser measuring axis, and a swing axis mechanism. The measuring unit mounting bracket can be connected to the front end of the C-axis unit of an A / C-axis automatic exchange type dual-swing milling head via a front-end connector. The C-axis unit can drive the measuring unit mounting bracket to rotate around the C-axis. The swing axis mechanism is mounted on the measuring unit mounting bracket and drives the laser measuring axis to rotate around the A-axis. The laser measuring axis is used for CNC machine tool error detection. This utility model utilizes the three linear motion axes of the machine tool itself, the C-axis unit, and the rotation axis of the A-axis measuring unit itself to automatically and rapidly complete the error detection of CNC machine tools.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical manufacturing technology, and in particular to a measurable spindle head. Background Technology

[0002] Error verification of CNC machine tools includes error detection and error identification. Error detection and identification are not only the foundation of error assessment and an important part of machine tool accuracy evaluation, but also a key technology for machine tool accuracy prediction and error compensation. The geometric error detection items for multi-axis CNC machine tools mainly include angular errors, positioning errors, straightness errors, and perpendicularity errors of each linear motion axis. While laser interferometers are widely used machine tool error detection instruments, they suffer from complex adjustment, high operational requirements, and the ability to obtain only one parameter per measurement, making it difficult to automate and rapidly complete CNC machine tool error detection. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention provides a measurable spindle head to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A measurable spindle head includes an A-axis measuring unit and a second pyramidal reflector detachably mounted on a machine tool;

[0006] The A-axis measurement unit includes: a measurement unit mounting frame, a laser measuring axis, and a swing axis mechanism. The measurement unit mounting frame can be connected to the front end of the C-axis unit of the A-axis automatic exchange type A / C-axis dual swing angle milling head via a front-end connector. The C-axis unit can drive the measurement unit mounting frame to rotate around the C-axis. The swing axis mechanism is mounted on the measurement unit mounting frame and drives the laser measuring axis to rotate around the A-axis. The laser measuring axis is used for CNC machine tool error detection.

[0007] Preferably, the laser measurement axis includes: a laser interferometer, a beam splitter, a first pyramidal reflector, a depolarizing beam splitter, and a two-dimensional sensor; the laser interferometer emits an incident laser, which is split by the beam splitter to form a first refracted laser perpendicular to the incident laser direction and a second incident laser moving along the incident laser direction; the second incident laser is reflected by the second pyramidal reflector to form a first reflected laser parallel to the incident laser, which is split by the depolarizing beam splitter to form a second refracted laser perpendicular to the incident laser direction and a second reflected laser parallel to the incident laser; the second refracted laser strikes the two-dimensional sensor and causes the two-dimensional sensor to detect a position signal, and the second reflected laser is reflected back to the laser interferometer by the beam splitter; the first refracted laser is reflected by the first pyramidal reflector along the direction perpendicular to the incident laser to form a third reflected laser, which strikes the beam splitter and overlaps with the second reflected laser before being reflected back to the laser interferometer.

[0008] Preferably, the laser measurement axis further includes a connecting flange, a housing, and a mirror assembly mounting bracket. A mounting plate is fixed inside the connecting flange, and the housing is fixedly connected to the connecting flange. The laser interferometer is installed inside the housing. The mirror assembly mounting bracket is fixed on the side of the mounting plate away from the laser interferometer. The two-dimensional sensor and the beam splitter are both mounted on the mirror assembly mounting bracket. The first pyramidal reflector and the depolarizing beam splitter are both mounted on the beam splitter. A first light-transmitting hole is opened on the mounting plate, through which the incident laser, the third reflected laser, and the second reflected laser pass.

[0009] The laser measurement axis also includes a protective cover, and the beam splitter, the first pyramidal reflector, the depolarizing beam splitter, the two-dimensional sensor and the mirror assembly mounting bracket are located in the space formed by the protective cover and the connecting flange; the protective cover has a second light-transmitting hole coaxial with the first light-transmitting hole, and the second light-transmitting hole allows the second incident laser and the first reflected laser to pass through.

[0010] Preferably, the laser measurement axis further includes a light-shielding assembly, which includes a light-shielding plate and a motor; the motor is mounted on the side of the mounting plate away from the laser interferometer, and the motor drives the light-shielding plate to rotate, which is used to rotate between the first light-transmitting hole and the beam splitter to block the incident laser.

[0011] Preferably, an adjustment mechanism is installed between the laser interferometer and the housing. The adjustment mechanism includes a plane adjustment component and a horizontal adjustment component. The plane adjustment component is used to adjust the mounting plane of the laser interferometer to be perpendicular to the first refracted laser. The horizontal adjustment component is used to adjust the position of the laser interferometer on the mounting plane along a direction perpendicular to the incident laser.

[0012] Preferably, the planar adjustment component includes an adjustment plate and at least three sets of adjustment components; the adjustment plate is connected to the horizontal adjustment component, and the mounting plate of the laser interferometer is located on the side of the adjustment plate away from the horizontal adjustment component; the mounting plate is connected to the adjustment plate through at least three sets of adjustment components, and the at least three sets of adjustment components are not collinear;

[0013] The adjustment assembly includes an adjusting screw and a spring element. The adjusting screw passes through the mounting plate and is threaded to the adjusting plate. The spring element is located between the mounting plate and the adjusting plate and has a tendency to prevent the mounting plate and the adjusting plate from moving closer to each other.

[0014] Preferably, the horizontal adjustment component includes a moving module, a guide assembly, and a locking assembly; the moving module drives the adjustment plate to move, the guide assembly guides the adjustment plate, and the locking assembly locks the adjusted plate in its adjusted position.

[0015] Preferably, the locking assembly uses a set screw, which is threadedly connected to the adjusting plate and is used to pass through the adjusting plate and press against the housing.

[0016] Preferably, the laser measurement axis further includes a diagnostic module for storing and processing detection data from the two-dimensional sensor.

[0017] Preferably, the two-dimensional sensor is connected to a data plug, which is used to connect to a data acquisition card.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] The measurable spindle head disclosed in this application achieves rapid connection to the C-axis unit by setting an A-axis measuring unit; the laser measuring axis of the A-axis measuring unit, in conjunction with a second pyramidal reflector, completes the detection; by utilizing the three linear motion axes of the machine tool itself, the C-axis unit, and the rotation axis of the A-axis measuring unit itself, the attitude and position adjustment of the laser measuring axis can be conveniently realized, simplifying the adjustment action, reducing the operation requirements, and shortening the completion time of the predetermined path, thereby enabling automated and rapid error detection of CNC machine tools. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an A / C axis automatic interchangeable dual-swivel milling head;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a symmetrical fork-type measurable spindle head disclosed in this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-fork type of measurable spindle head disclosed in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a measurable spindle head with a laser measuring axis hidden in the housing, as disclosed in this utility model.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a measurable spindle head with a hidden housing and protective cover for the laser measuring axis.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a front view of the laser measuring axis of a measurable spindle head disclosed in this utility model after the housing is hidden.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a top view of a measurable spindle head with a laser measuring axis hidden in its housing, as disclosed in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing a partial cross-section of the laser measuring axis of a measurable spindle head disclosed in this utility model, after the shell of the hidden housing.

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of part A in the image;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a measurable spindle head laser optical path disclosed in this utility model.

[0031] 1. Measurement unit mounting bracket; 2. Laser measuring axis; 21. Laser interferometer; 211. Mounting base plate; 22. Beam splitter; 23. First pyramidal reflector; 24. Polarization-degrading beam splitter; 25. Two-dimensional sensor; 251. Sensor lower cover; 252. Sensor upper cover; 253. Data plug; 261. Connecting flange; 262. Housing; 263. Mounting plate; 2631. First light-transmitting hole; 264. Mirror assembly mounting bracket; 265. Protective cover; 2651. Second light-transmitting hole; 266. Mounting base plate; 267. Supporting base plate ; 271. Adjustment plate; 272. Adjustment screw; 273. Elastic element; 274. Moving module; 275. Guide assembly; 276. Locking assembly; 281. Light shield; 282. Motor; 29. ​​Diagnostic module; 3. Front-end connector; 4. Second pyramidal reflector; 91. C-axis unit; 92. A-axis unit; 101. Incident laser; 102. First refracted laser; 103. Second incident laser; 104. First reflected laser; 105. Second refracted laser; 106. Second reflected laser; 107. Third reflected laser. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0033] A measurable spindle head, combined with Figures 1-10 It includes an A-axis measuring unit and a second pyramidal reflector 4 that can be detachably mounted on the machine tool;

[0034] The A-axis measurement unit includes: a measurement unit mounting frame 1, a laser measurement axis 2, and a swing axis mechanism; the measurement unit mounting frame 1 can be connected to the front end of the C-axis unit 91 of the A-axis automatic exchange type A / C-axis double swing angle milling head through the front end connector 3, and the C-axis unit 91 can drive the measurement unit mounting frame 1 to rotate around the C-axis; the swing axis mechanism is installed on the measurement unit mounting frame 1, and the swing axis mechanism drives the laser measurement axis 2 to rotate around the A-axis, and the laser measurement axis 2 is used for CNC machine tool error detection.

[0035] Laser measurement axis 2 includes: a laser interferometer 21, a beam splitter 22, a first pyramidal reflector 23, a depolarizing beam splitter 24, and a two-dimensional sensor 25. The laser interferometer 21 emits an incident laser 101. After passing through the beam splitter 22, the incident laser 101 is split into a first refracted laser 102 perpendicular to the direction of the incident laser 101 and a second incident laser 103 moving along the direction of the incident laser 101. The second incident laser 103 is reflected by the second pyramidal reflector 4 to form a first reflected laser 104 parallel to the incident laser 101. The first reflected laser 104 is then split by the depolarizing beam splitter 24. The light forms a second refracted laser 105 perpendicular to the direction of the incident laser 101 and a second reflected laser 106 parallel to the direction of the incident laser 101. The second refracted laser 105 hits the two-dimensional sensor 25 and causes the two-dimensional sensor 25 to detect a position signal. The second reflected laser 106 is reflected back to the laser interferometer 21 through the beam splitter 22. The first refracted laser 102 is hit along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the incident laser 101 and is reflected by the first pyramidal reflector 23 to form a third reflected laser 107. The third reflected laser 107 is irradiated by the beam splitter 22 and overlaps with the second reflected laser 106 and is reflected back to the laser interferometer 21.

[0036] The A-axis measuring unit is configured as an A-axis unit 92 with an automatically interchangeable A / C-axis dual-swing milling head. This allows the A-axis measuring unit to be directly connected to the C-axis unit 91 after the A-axis unit 92 is removed. This utilizes the three linear motion axes of the machine tool to position the A-axis measuring unit, enabling it to automatically and quickly complete the predetermined path. Compared to the original method of mounting the laser interferometer on a pan-tilt unit, this device reduces the need for position changes and adjustments, simplifying the adjustment process. The C-axis unit 91 drives the A-axis measuring unit to rotate, and the swing axis mechanism drives the laser measuring axis 2 to rotate around the A-axis. This utilizes the machine tool's C-axis rotation axis and its own A-axis rotation axis to adjust its own posture, ensuring the laser interferometer 21 is aligned with the second pyramidal reflector 4. This allows for faster alignment compared to existing methods. Furthermore, the A-axis measuring unit has a compact structure with no overhangs and high structural rigidity. The A-axis measuring unit and C-axis unit 91 are connected via a front-end connector 3, which offers high positioning accuracy and strong connection rigidity, ensuring the accuracy of the laser measuring axis 2 during movement. In summary, this application, compared to existing laser interferometer inspection systems, can automate and rapidly complete the error detection of CNC machine tools.

[0037] Specifically, the front-end connector 3 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] Preferably, the laser measuring axis 2 further includes a connecting flange 261 and a housing 262. A mounting plate 263 is fixedly disposed within the connecting flange 261, and the housing 262 is fixedly connected to the connecting flange 261. The laser interferometer 21 is installed inside the housing 262. A first light-transmitting hole 2631 is provided on the mounting plate 263, allowing the incident laser 101, the third reflected laser 107, and the second reflected laser 106 to pass through. The connecting flange 261 is used to connect to the housing 262, and the housing 262 is used to mount the laser interferometer 21.

[0039] Preferably, the laser measurement axis 2 further includes a mirror assembly mounting bracket 264, which is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 263 away from the laser interferometer 21. The two-dimensional sensor 25 and the beam splitter 22 are both mounted on the mirror assembly mounting bracket 264, and the first pyramidal reflector 23 and the depolarizing beam splitter 24 are both mounted on the beam splitter 22. The mirror assembly mounting bracket 264 facilitates the installation of each detection mirror and the two-dimensional sensor 25, and both the mirror assembly mounting bracket 264 and the housing 262 are connected to the connecting flange 261, making it easy to ensure the positional accuracy of the laser interferometer 21 and each detection mirror through processing and assembly.

[0040] Specifically, the depolarizing beam splitter 24 is mounted on the side of the beam splitter 22 away from the mounting plate 263, and the depolarizing beam splitter 24 corresponds only to the lower half of the beam splitter 22. The second pyramidal reflector 4 can be mounted on the machine tool via a magnetic base, so that the depolarizing beam splitter 24 is opposite to the second pyramidal reflector 4. This arrangement allows the second incident laser 103 to enter the second pyramidal reflector 4 without passing through the depolarizing beam splitter 24, and the reflected first reflected laser 104 is refracted in advance by the depolarizing beam splitter 24 to the two-dimensional sensor 25.

[0041] The first pyramidal reflector 23 is positioned on the side of the beam splitter 22 perpendicular to the direction of the incident laser 101, and the two-dimensional sensor 25 is positioned on the side of the beam splitter 22 away from the first pyramidal reflector 23.

[0042] Specifically, the first pyramidal reflector 23 is connected to the beam splitter 22 via four positioning screws. The beam splitter 22 is connected to the side wall of the mirror assembly mounting bracket 264 via four positioning screws, two of which pass through the depolarizing beam splitter 24 and the beam splitter 22 in sequence before being screwed into the side wall of the mirror assembly mounting bracket 264. A sensor lower cover 251 is provided on the bottom wall of the mirror assembly mounting bracket 264, and a sensor upper cover 252 is provided on the sensor lower cover 251. Four fixing screws pass through the sensor upper cover 252 and the sensor lower cover 251 in sequence before being screwed into the bottom wall of the mirror assembly mounting bracket 264; the two-dimensional sensor 25 is installed in the space formed by the sensor upper cover 252 and the sensor lower cover 251, thereby protecting the two-dimensional sensor 25.

[0043] Specifically, housing 262 is connected to the swing shaft mechanism, which drives the laser measuring shaft 2 to rotate. Connecting flange 261 and housing 262 are detachably connected by a first set of screws, and the connection between connecting flange 261 and housing 262 is sealed with a sealing ring; and connecting flange 261 and housing 262 are positioned by pins to ensure the installation accuracy of connecting flange 261, housing 262 and swing shaft mechanism.

[0044] Specifically, the laser interferometer 21 is mounted inside the housing 262 via an interferometer mounting bracket. The interferometer mounting bracket includes a mounting base plate 266 and a supporting base plate 267. One end of the mounting base plate 266 is mounted on the mounting plate 263 via a second set of screws. The laser interferometer 21 is mounted on the mounting base plate 266. The supporting base plate 267 connects the mounting plate 263 and the mounting base plate 266, and provides reinforced support for the mounting base plate 266.

[0045] Preferably, the laser measuring axis 2 further includes a protective cover 265 mounted on the side of the mounting plate 263 away from the laser interferometer 21. The laser interferometer 21, beam splitter 22, first pyramidal reflector 23, depolarizing beam splitter 24, two-dimensional sensor 25, and mirror assembly mounting bracket 264 are located within the space formed by the protective cover 265 and the connecting flange 261. The protective cover 265 has a second light-transmitting hole 2651 coaxial with the first light-transmitting hole 2631, through which the second incident laser 103 and the first reflected laser 104 pass. The protective cover 265 protects each detection mirror and blocks some external light source interference, ensuring the detection accuracy of the two-dimensional sensor 25.

[0046] Preferably, the laser measuring axis 2 further includes a light-shielding assembly, which includes a light-shielding plate 281 and a motor 282. The motor 282 is installed on the side of the mounting plate 263 away from the laser interferometer 21. The motor 282 drives the light-shielding plate 281 to rotate, and the light-shielding plate 281 is used to rotate between the first light-transmitting hole 2631 and the beam splitter 22 to block the incident laser 101. Because the laser is unstable when the laser interferometer 21 is first turned on, it needs to be tested after 1 minute of power-on. The geometric error detection items of the machine tool mainly include the angular error, positioning error, straightness error and perpendicularity error of each linear motion axis. When the existing laser interferometer 21 is tested, it needs to be rotated and adjusted according to the detection items; however, since the laser can cause damage to the human eye, the laser interferometer 21 needs to be frequently turned on and off, resulting in a long detection time for the existing laser interferometer 21. In this application, during the switching of different paths, the light-shielding assembly can block the laser and prevent the laser from emitting, so that the laser interferometer 21 can remain powered on throughout the entire detection process.

[0047] Specifically, the housing of motor 282 is mounted on mounting plate 263, and the output shaft of motor 282 is fixedly connected to light shield 281; the axis of output shaft of motor 282 is parallel to the axis of first light-transmitting hole 2631, and light shield 281 is perpendicular to the axis of first light-transmitting hole 2631, thereby reducing the volume occupied by light shielding component and the area required for movement.

[0048] Preferably, an adjustment mechanism is installed between the laser interferometer 21 and the housing 262. The adjustment mechanism includes a plane adjustment component and a horizontal adjustment component. The plane adjustment component is used to adjust the mounting plane of the laser interferometer 21 to be perpendicular to the first refracted laser 102. The horizontal adjustment component is used to adjust the position of the laser interferometer 21 on the mounting plane along a direction perpendicular to the incident laser 101. The adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitch and yaw of the laser interferometer 21, and can adjust the position of the laser interferometer 21 to be directly aligned with the first light-transmitting aperture 2631. This allows for a single manual collimation adjustment after the laser interferometer 21 and each detection mirror are installed. Subsequently, when the position of the second pyramidal reflector 4 is changed, collimation adjustment can be achieved simply by adjusting the attitude of the laser measurement axis 2 through the C-axis unit 91 and the swing axis mechanism. This application avoids the situation in existing laser interferometer detection methods where complex collimation adjustments are required every time the laser interferometer and each detection mirror are changed.

[0049] Preferably, the planar adjustment component includes an adjustment plate 271 and at least three sets of adjustment components; the adjustment plate 271 is connected to the horizontal adjustment component, and the mounting plate 211 of the laser interferometer 21 is located on the side of the adjustment plate 271 away from the horizontal adjustment component; the mounting plate 211 is connected to the adjustment plate 271 through at least three sets of adjustment components, and the at least three sets of adjustment components are not collinear. For example, the three sets of adjustment components are arranged in a triangle or the four sets of adjustment components are arranged in a rectangle.

[0050] The adjustment assembly includes an adjusting screw 272 and an elastic element 273. The adjusting screw 272 passes through the mounting plate 211 and is threadedly connected to the adjusting plate 271. The elastic element 273 is located between the mounting plate 211 and the adjusting plate 271, and has a tendency to prevent the mounting plate 211 and the adjusting plate 271 from moving closer together. By tightening the adjusting screw 272, the mounting plate 211 can overcome the elastic resistance of the elastic element 273 and move closer to the adjusting plate 271. Conversely, loosening the adjusting screw 272 can move the mounting plate 211 and the adjusting plate 271 away from each other. The posture of the mounting plate 211 can be adjusted by the cooperation of at least three sets of adjustment assemblies (four sets in this embodiment).

[0051] Specifically, the mounting plate 211 has a first countersunk hole, allowing the adjusting screw 272 to be recessed within it. The elastic element 273 is a round wire spring, fitted onto the adjusting screw 272. The upper surface of the adjusting plate 271 has a second countersunk hole, the smaller diameter section of which is threaded. The lower surface of the mounting plate 211 has a blind hole, coaxial with the first countersunk hole. One end of the elastic element 273 extends into the blind hole, and the other end extends into the second countersunk hole; the adjusting screw 272 is screwed into the smaller diameter section of the second countersunk hole.

[0052] Preferably, the horizontal adjustment component includes a moving module 274, a guide component 275, and a locking component 276; the moving module 274 drives the adjustment plate 271 to move, the guide component 275 guides the adjustment plate 271, and the locking component 276 is used to lock the adjusted position of the adjustment plate 271.

[0053] Specifically, the movable module 274 employs a manually adjustable lead screw module. The fixed part of the lead screw module is mounted on the mounting base plate 266, while the movable part is connected to the adjustment plate 271, facilitating manual adjustment and reducing weight. The guide assembly 275 uses two sets of linear guides, which are respectively located on both sides of the movable module 274. The sliders of the linear guides are mounted on the mounting base plate 266, and the rails are connected to the adjustment plate 271, guiding and limiting the adjustment plate 271.

[0054] Preferably, the locking assembly 276 uses a set screw, which is threadedly connected to the adjusting plate 271. The set screw passes through the adjusting plate 271 and presses against the housing 262. In this embodiment, the set screw specifically presses against the mounting base plate 266. The set screw allows for simple, convenient, and reliable fixation of the adjusting plate 271 relative to the mounting base plate 266. Furthermore, the tightening of the set screw eliminates minor gaps in the guide assembly 275, and the planar adjustment component further eliminates the influence on the attitude of the laser interferometer 21 during this process, preventing minor movements of the laser interferometer 21 during movement and thus avoiding errors that could interfere with the error verification of the CNC machine tool.

[0055] Preferably, the laser measuring axis 2 further includes a diagnostic module 29, which is used to store and process the detection data of the two-dimensional sensor 25.

[0056] Preferably, the measuring unit mounting bracket 1 is a symmetrical fork structure or a single fork structure, wherein the symmetrical fork structure is an attached... Figure 2 The symmetrical arrangement of the double connecting ears in the middle, the single fork structure is attached Figure 3 The structure only has a single connecting ear.

[0057] Preferably, the two-dimensional sensor 25 is connected to a data plug 253, which is used to connect to a data acquisition card to realize data transmission.

[0058] Specifically, the acquisition card is installed in the diagnostic module 29. The data detected by the two-dimensional sensor 25 is transmitted to the acquisition card via a data cable, and further processed in the diagnostic module 29.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A measurable spindle head, characterized by, Includes an A-axis measuring unit and a second corner cone reflector (4) that can be detachably mounted on the machine tool; The A-axis measurement unit includes: a measurement unit mounting frame (1), a laser measurement axis (2), and a swing axis mechanism; the measurement unit mounting frame (1) can be connected to the front end of the C-axis unit (91) of the A-axis automatic exchange type A / C-axis double swing angle milling head through the front end connector (3), and the C-axis unit (91) can drive the measurement unit mounting frame (1) to rotate around the C-axis; the swing axis mechanism is installed on the measurement unit mounting frame (1), and the swing axis mechanism drives the laser measurement axis (2) to rotate around the A-axis, and the laser measurement axis (2) is used for CNC machine tool error detection.

2. A measurable spindle head according to claim 1, characterized in that The laser measurement axis (2) includes: a laser interferometer (21), a beam splitter (22), a first pyramidal reflector (23), a polarization-depolarizing beam splitter (24), and a two-dimensional sensor (25); the laser interferometer (21) emits an incident laser (101), which is split by the beam splitter (22) to form a first refracted laser (102) perpendicular to the direction of the incident laser (101) and a second incident laser (103) moving along the direction of the incident laser (101); the second incident laser (103) is reflected by the second pyramidal reflector (4) to form a first reflected laser (104) parallel to the incident laser (101), which is then reflected by the polarization-depolarizing beam splitter (24). The beam is then split to form a second refracted laser (105) perpendicular to the incident laser (101) and a second reflected laser (106) parallel to the incident laser (101). The second refracted laser (105) strikes the two-dimensional sensor (25) and causes the two-dimensional sensor (25) to detect a position signal. The second reflected laser (106) is reflected back to the laser interferometer (21) via the beam splitter (22). The first refracted laser (102) strikes the first pyramidal reflector (23) along a direction perpendicular to the incident laser (101) and is reflected to form a third reflected laser (107). The third reflected laser (107) strikes the beam splitter (22) and then overlaps with the second reflected laser (106) and is reflected back to the laser interferometer (21).

3. A measurable spindle head according to claim 2, wherein, The laser measuring axis (2) further includes a connecting flange (261), a housing (262), and a mirror assembly mounting bracket (264). A mounting plate (263) is fixed inside the connecting flange (261), and the housing (262) is fixedly connected to the connecting flange (261). The laser interferometer (21) is installed inside the housing (262). The mirror assembly mounting bracket (264) is fixed on the side of the mounting plate (263) away from the laser interferometer (21). The two-dimensional sensor (25) and the beam splitter (22) are both installed on the mirror assembly mounting bracket (264). The first pyramidal reflector (23) and the depolarizing beam splitter (24) are both installed on the beam splitter (22). A first light-transmitting hole (2631) is provided on the mounting plate (263), through which the incident laser (101), the third reflected laser (107), and the second reflected laser (106) pass. The laser measurement axis (2) also includes a protective cover (265). The beam splitter (22), the first pyramidal reflector (23), the polarization-depolarizing beam splitter (24), the two-dimensional sensor (25), and the mirror assembly mounting bracket (264) are located in the space formed by the protective cover (265) and the connecting flange (261). The protective cover (265) has a second light-transmitting hole (2651) coaxial with the first light-transmitting hole (2631). The second light-transmitting hole (2651) allows the second incident laser (103) and the first reflected laser (104) to pass through.

4. A measurable spindle head according to claim 3, wherein, The laser measurement axis (2) also includes a light-shielding assembly, which includes a light-shielding plate (281) and a motor (282). The motor (282) is mounted on the side of the mounting plate (263) away from the laser interferometer (21). The motor (282) drives the light-shielding plate (281) to rotate. The light-shielding plate (281) is used to rotate between the first light-transmitting hole (2631) and the beam splitter (22) to block the incident laser (101).

5. A measurable spindle head according to claim 3, wherein, An adjustment mechanism is installed between the laser interferometer (21) and the housing (262). The adjustment mechanism includes a plane adjustment component and a horizontal adjustment component. The plane adjustment component is used to adjust the mounting plane of the laser interferometer (21) to be perpendicular to the first refracted laser (102). The horizontal adjustment component is used to adjust the position of the laser interferometer (21) on the mounting plane in a direction perpendicular to the incident laser (101).

6. A measurable spindle head according to claim 5, wherein, The planar adjustment component includes an adjustment plate (271) and at least three sets of adjustment components; the adjustment plate (271) is connected to the horizontal adjustment component, and the mounting plate (211) of the laser interferometer (21) is located on the side of the adjustment plate (271) away from the horizontal adjustment component; the mounting plate (211) is connected to the adjustment plate (271) through at least three sets of adjustment components, and the at least three sets of adjustment components are not collinear; The adjustment assembly includes an adjustment screw (272) and an elastic element (273). The adjustment screw (272) passes through the mounting plate (211) and is threadedly connected to the adjustment plate (271). The elastic element (273) is located between the mounting plate (211) and the adjustment plate (271) and has a tendency to prevent the mounting plate (211) and the adjustment plate (271) from moving closer to each other.

7. A measurable spindle head according to claim 6, wherein, The horizontal adjustment component includes a moving module (274), a guide component (275), and a locking component (276); the moving module (274) drives the adjustment plate (271) to move, the guide component (275) guides the adjustment plate (271), and the locking component (276) locks the adjusted position of the adjustment plate (271).

8. A measurable spindle head according to claim 7, wherein, The locking assembly (276) employs a set screw, which is threadedly connected to the adjusting plate (271). The set screw passes through the adjusting plate (271) and presses against the housing (262).

9. A measurable spindle head according to claim 2, wherein, The laser measurement axis (2) also includes a diagnostic module (29) for storing and processing the detection data of the two-dimensional sensor (25).

10. A measurable spindle head according to claim 2, wherein, The two-dimensional sensor (25) is connected to a data plug (253), which is used to connect to a data acquisition card.

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