Laser processing equipment and devices

Abstract

This utility model discloses a laser processing apparatus and equipment. The apparatus includes a laser generating device for forming a first laser beam and a plurality of second laser beams. The first laser beam is used to form a first molten pool on a workpiece, and the plurality of second laser beams are used to form a plurality of second molten pools on the workpiece. A laser processing head is coupled to the laser generating device and is used to guide the first laser beam and the plurality of second laser beams to move relative to the workpiece along a preset processing path. The plurality of second molten pools are formed on the periphery of the first molten pool relative to the preset processing path. A Z-axis adjustment mechanism is disposed on the laser processing head and is used to cause the focal points of the first laser beam and the plurality of second laser beams to periodically vibrate relative to the surface of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction to form a fish-scale weld on the workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular relates to a laser processing device and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Fish scale weld is a weld morphology named for its resemblance to fish scales. Fish scale welds possess high strength and stability, with a smooth surface free of defects such as undercut, porosity, and cracks. Furthermore, this weld appearance is not only aesthetically pleasing but also adds an artistic touch to the product, enhancing its visual appeal. This is achieved through precise control of welding parameters, which requires a high level of skill.

[0003] Several patented technologies for obtaining fish-scale patterns are currently known. For example, CN102626815A uses AC dual-pulse MIG welding to form a fish-scale pattern; CN112157363A achieves a uniform and controllable fish-scale weld by controlling the discontinuous arc movement of the welding torch speed; CN894703A employs a dual-welding torch method, where the main torch welds while the secondary torch oscillates on the inside of the workpiece, resulting in a uniform fish-scale weld on the inner side; CN112828419A achieves a fish-scale pattern by switching between constant current and pulse; and CN114226983A uses a handheld welding torch with a wire feeder for wire filling, forming a fish-scale pattern through beam oscillation. However, these technologies have limited effectiveness on thick plates or highly reflective materials. Some of these technologies are unsuitable for laser welding scenarios, and some devices are complex, costly, and involve cumbersome operation procedures. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a laser processing device and equipment.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A laser processing apparatus, comprising:

[0007] A laser generating device is used to form a first laser beam and a plurality of second laser beams, wherein the first laser beam can be used to form a first molten pool on a workpiece, and the plurality of second laser beams can be used to form a plurality of second molten pools on the workpiece.

[0008] A laser processing head, coupled to the laser generating device, can be used to guide the first laser beam and a plurality of second laser beams to move relative to the workpiece along a preset processing path;

[0009] Several second molten pools are formed around the periphery of the first molten pool relative to a preset processing path;

[0010] A Z-axis adjustment mechanism is disposed on the laser processing head. The Z-axis adjustment mechanism can be used to make the focus of the first laser beam and the focus of several second laser beams vibrate periodically in the Z-axis direction relative to the surface of the workpiece to form a fish scale pattern weld on the workpiece.

[0011] Preferably, the laser generating device includes two or more lasers, and / or a single-point laser with a beam splitting device.

[0012] Preferably, the Z-axis adjustment mechanism includes a reflector and a drive mechanism for adjusting the curvature of the reflector surface;

[0013] The drive mechanism includes at least one of the following: a pneumatic adjustment mechanism, a hydraulic adjustment mechanism, a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism, a voice coil motor mechanism, and a motor cam mechanism.

[0014] Preferably, the vibration frequency of the reflector relative to the surface of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction is 0-2000Hz, and the vibration amplitude of the reflector relative to the surface of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction is ±50mm.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a control module electrically connected to the Z-axis adjustment mechanism. The control module can be used to adjust the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude of the Z-axis adjustment mechanism according to the material parameters of the workpiece.

[0016] Preferably, an overlap area is provided between any two adjacent molten pools among the first molten pool and the plurality of second molten pools.

[0017] Preferably, four second molten pools are formed, with the first molten pool located at the front end, energy center, or geometric center, and the four second molten pools arranged around the periphery of the first molten pool; or

[0018] Six second molten pools are formed, with the first molten pool located at the front end, energy center, or geometric center, and the six second molten pools arranged around the first molten pool.

[0019] Preferably, the size and energy distribution of the first molten pool and each of the second molten pools are formed using an independently controlled method.

[0020] Preferably, a plurality of the second molten pools are located at least in one of the following directions: circumferential, front-back, or up-down.

[0021] A laser processing device, comprising a laser processing apparatus.

[0022] Implementing the embodiments of this utility model will have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention uses a control module to adjust the periodic vibration of the Z-axis adjustment mechanism according to the material parameters of the workpiece. This allows the first and second laser beams generated by the laser processing head to form at least two molten pools with overlapping areas. By controlling the movement of the laser spot along the Z-axis, the laser energy is distributed more rationally in the welding depth and width directions, effectively improving the weld penetration and width ratio and enhancing the weld bonding strength. Simultaneously, the coordinated welding of multiple laser spots and the periodic changes in the laser spots reduce the cooling rate of the molten pool, effectively breaking up larger air bubbles and ensuring sufficient time for bubbles to escape from the molten pool, thus improving welding quality. This results in a uniform and aesthetically pleasing fish-scale weld, enhancing the weld's appearance and surface properties, and meeting the stringent welding quality requirements of high-end manufacturing. The laser focus's movement frequency, amplitude, position, distance, and power along the Z-axis can be flexibly adjusted according to different substrate materials, thicknesses, and welding requirements. This invention can be widely applied to welding various metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys, as well as plates of varying thicknesses, demonstrating strong versatility and adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laser processing device in one embodiment.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a laser beam in a laser processing apparatus in one embodiment.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a first arrangement diagram of the molten pool in a laser processing apparatus in Embodiment 1.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a second arrangement diagram of the molten pool in a laser processing apparatus in Embodiment 2.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a third arrangement diagram of the molten pool in a laser processing apparatus in one embodiment 3.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a fourth arrangement diagram of the molten pool in the laser processing apparatus of one embodiment 4.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a fifth arrangement diagram of the molten pool in a laser processing apparatus in Example 5.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a fish-scale weld in a laser processing technology in one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Microstructure morphology of the fish-scale weld seam observed by metallographic analysis.

[0034] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a fish-scale weld seam in a laser processing device for removing the Z-axis adjustment mechanism during laser processing.

[0035] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Microstructure morphology of the fish-scale weld seam observed by metallographic analysis. Detailed Implementation

[0036] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0038] In one embodiment of a laser processing apparatus, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, it includes:

[0039] A laser generating device 1 is used to form a first laser beam 101 and a plurality of second laser beams 102. The first laser beam 101 can be used to form a first molten pool 1011 on the workpiece to be processed, and the plurality of second laser beams 102 can be used to form a second molten pool 1021 on the workpiece to be processed.

[0040] A laser processing head 2 is coupled to the laser generating device 1. The laser processing head 2 can be used to guide the first laser beam 101 and a plurality of second laser beams 102 to move relative to the workpiece along a preset processing path.

[0041] The second molten pool 1021 is formed on the periphery of the first molten pool 1011 relative to the preset processing path;

[0042] Z-axis adjustment mechanism 3 is disposed on laser processing head 2. The Z-axis adjustment mechanism 3 can be used to make the focus of the first laser beam 101 and the focus of a plurality of second laser beams 102 vibrate periodically in the Z-axis direction relative to the surface of the workpiece to form a fish scale pattern weld on the workpiece.

[0043] In some embodiments, the laser processing apparatus further includes a control module 4 electrically connected to the Z-axis adjustment mechanism 3. The control module 4 can be used to adjust the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude of the Z-axis adjustment mechanism 3 according to the material parameters of the workpiece.

[0044] This invention uses a control module 4 to adjust the periodic vibration of the Z-axis adjustment mechanism 3 according to the material parameters of the workpiece, so that the laser processing head 2 guides the first laser beam 101 and several second laser beams 102 generated by the laser generator 1 to form at least two molten pools with overlapping areas, thereby breaking bubbles, prolonging solidification time, and finally forming a uniform and beautiful fish scale pattern weld, significantly improving welding strength, surface quality and process adaptability.

[0045] This invention can be widely applied to the welding of various metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and titanium alloy, as well as plates of different thicknesses, and has strong versatility and adaptability.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first molten pool 1011 is located at the front end of the welding area, the energy center of the welding area, or the geometric center of the welding area.

[0047] For example, the first molten pool 1011 is located at the front end of the welding area, such that a plurality of second molten pools 1021 are sequentially formed in the circumferential direction behind the first molten pool 1011;

[0048] Of course, the second molten pools 1021 can be spaced at equal or unequal intervals.

[0049] When the first molten pool 1011 is located at the energy center of the welding area, several second molten pools 1021 are radially distributed around the energy center.

[0050] The radial distribution can also be that several second molten pools 1021 are arranged in front of, behind or above and below the first molten pool 1011, or in the circumferential direction of the first molten pool 1011.

[0051] The first molten pool 1011 is located at the geometric center of the welding area, and several second molten pools 1021 are arranged in a symmetrical radial pattern. For example, three second molten pools 1021 are distributed at 120° equiangular angles, four second molten pools 1021 are distributed at 90° orthogonally, and six second molten pools 1021 are distributed in a 60° honeycomb pattern.

[0052] In some embodiments, the laser generating device 1 includes two or more lasers, and / or a single-point laser with a beam splitting device.

[0053] Specifically, each laser generates an independent laser beam, which is coupled to the surface of the workpiece through the laser processing head 2.

[0054] The size and energy distribution of the first molten pool 1011 and each of the second molten pools 1021 are formed using an independently controlled method.

[0055] In practice, this involves independently adjusting the power, frequency, and phase of each laser to meet the welding requirements of the formed laser beam.

[0056] For example, the power of the laser is selected according to the material and thickness of the workpiece. For instance, when welding thin stainless steel plates, the power of the laser can be set to 600-6000W, and when welding thick stainless steel plates, the power of the laser can be adjusted to 6000-60000W.

[0057] In some embodiments, the Z-axis adjustment mechanism 3 includes a reflector and a drive mechanism for adjusting the curvature of the reflector surface, the drive mechanism being electrically connected to the control module 4.

[0058] Specifically, the reflector precisely controls the focal depth position of the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece by changing the curvature of the mirror surface in real time;

[0059] The drive mechanism applies force to a specific area of ​​the reflector, causing it to change the curvature of the mirror surface.

[0060] For example, the reflector uses a flexible reflector substrate with high reflectivity, and the curvature adjustment range corresponds to an amplitude requirement of ±50mm.

[0061] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism includes at least one of a pneumatic adjustment mechanism, a hydraulic adjustment mechanism, a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism, a voice coil motor mechanism, and a motor cam mechanism.

[0062] For example, taking a pneumatic adjustment mechanism as an example, the pneumatic adjustment mechanism compresses gas to push the reflector, causing the back of the reflector to deform uniformly, thereby changing the curvature of the mirror surface.

[0063] Taking the hydraulic adjustment mechanism as an example, the hydraulic oil is driven by the hydraulic adjustment mechanism to transmit the pressure to the support unit of the reflector, so as to achieve stable deformation under high load and change the curvature of the mirror.

[0064] Taking a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism as an example, a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism to deform the ceramic sheet, which directly pushes the reflector and changes its curvature.

[0065] Taking the voice coil motor mechanism as an example, the permanent magnet is driven by the electromagnetic coil, which causes the support of the reflector to produce linear displacement, thereby changing the curvature of the mirror surface.

[0066] Taking the motor cam mechanism as an example, the eccentric cam is driven to rotate by a servo motor, which is converted into the periodic reciprocating motion of the reflector, thereby changing the curvature of the mirror surface.

[0067] In fact, the drive mechanism changes the curvature of the reflector surface through physical force, thereby achieving high-precision periodic vibration of the focal point in the Z-axis direction.

[0068] In some embodiments, the vibration frequency of the reflector relative to the surface of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction is 0-2000Hz, and the vibration amplitude of the reflector relative to the surface of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction is ±50mm.

[0069] Specifically, by setting a low frequency band (0-100Hz), the focus of the laser beam moves back and forth slowly, extending the laser energy action time and thus extending the liquid state time of the molten pool.

[0070] Setting the mid-frequency band (100-1000Hz) allows the periodic heat source trajectory of the laser beam to generate solidification ripples, optimizing the fish scale pattern spacing.

[0071] Setting a high frequency band (>1000Hz) causes the laser beam's focal point to jitter at high frequency, generating turbulent shear force that breaks up the bubbles in the molten pool.

[0072] In some embodiments, an overlap area is provided between any two adjacent molten pools in the first molten pool 1011 and the plurality of second molten pools 1021.

[0073] Specifically, an overlapping area is set between any two adjacent molten pools. Along the welding direction, the tail of the leading molten pool overlaps with the head of the main molten pool, or along the direction perpendicular to the welding direction, the side wing molten pool overlaps with the edge of the main molten pool, or they are arranged in a triangle. The intersection area of ​​the three molten pools forms a hexagonal overlapping area.

[0074] The overlapping area of ​​any two adjacent molten pools achieves the formation of a uniform and aesthetically pleasing fish-scale pattern weld through energy relay and fluid synergy.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] Three laser generating devices 1 are provided, which are respectively used to form a first laser beam 101 and two second laser beams 102. The first laser beam 101 can be used to form a first molten pool 1011 on the workpiece to be processed, and the two second laser beams 102 can be used to form two second molten pools 1021 on the workpiece to be processed.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, the three lasers emit three laser beams, arranged in a "-" shape;

[0078] The first laser beam 101 is formed by the first laser, and the first laser beam 101 forms a first molten pool 1011, which serves as the main light spot 10111.

[0079] The remaining two lasers form two second laser beams 102, which respectively form two second molten pools 1021 on the front and back sides of the first molten pool 1011. The second molten pool 1021 located on the front side of the first molten pool 1011 serves as a leading light spot 10211, and the second molten pool 1021 located on the back side of the first molten pool 1011 serves as a trailing light spot 10212.

[0080] The laser corresponding to the front guide light point 10211 is adjusted to low power to preheat the substrate and reduce the surface tension of the subsequent molten pool.

[0081] The laser corresponding to the main light spot 10111 is adjusted to high power to achieve deep melting penetration in the preheating zone;

[0082] The laser corresponding to the trailing spot 10212 is adjusted to medium power, thereby delaying solidification and promoting gas discharge.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] Three laser generating devices 1 are provided, which are respectively used to form a first laser beam 101 and two second laser beams 102. The first laser beam 101 can be used to form a first molten pool 1011 on the workpiece to be processed, and the two second laser beams 102 can be used to form two second molten pools 1021 on the workpiece to be processed.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, three lasers emit three laser beams, arranged in a "|" shape perpendicular to the welding direction. The first laser beam 101 and the two second laser beams 102 form three molten pools along the perpendicular welding direction, which overlap each other to achieve control of the weld width.

[0086] The first laser beam 101 is formed by the first laser, the first laser beam 101 forms a first molten pool 1011, and the first molten pool 1011 serves as an energy center.

[0087] The remaining two lasers form two second laser beams 102, which respectively form second molten pools 1021 on the upper and lower sides of the first molten pool 1011.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] Three laser generating devices 1 are provided, which are respectively used to form a first laser beam 101 and two second laser beams 102. The first laser beam 101 can be used to form a first molten pool 1011 on the workpiece to be processed, and the two second laser beams 102 can be used to form two second molten pools 1021 on the workpiece to be processed.

[0090] like Figure 5 As shown, the three lasers emit three laser beams in an irregular arrangement, such as a "△" arrangement. The first laser beam 101 is formed by the first laser beam 101, which forms the first molten pool 1011 and serves as the leading light point 10211.

[0091] The remaining two lasers form two second laser beams 102, which respectively form two second molten pools 1021 in the circumferential direction behind the first molten pool 1011. The two second molten pools 1021 serve as trailing light spots 10212.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] Five laser generating devices 1 are provided, which are respectively used to form a first laser beam 101 and four second laser beams 102. The first laser beam 101 can be used to form a first molten pool 1011 on the workpiece to be processed, and the four second laser beams 102 can be used to form four second molten pools 1021 on the workpiece to be processed.

[0094] like Figure 6 As shown, five lasers emit five laser beams, arranged in a "-" shape;

[0095] The first laser beam 101 is formed by the first laser, and the first laser beam 101 forms a first molten pool 1011, which serves as the main light spot 10111.

[0096] Two lasers generate two second laser beams 102, which respectively form two second molten pools 1021 in front of the first molten pool 1011. The two second molten pools 1021 located in front of the first molten pool 1011 serve as leading light points 10211.

[0097] Two lasers form two second laser beams 102, which respectively form two second molten pools 1021 behind the first molten pool 1011. The two second molten pools 1021 located behind the first molten pool 1011 serve as trailing light spots 10212.

[0098] The laser corresponding to the front guide light point 10211 is adjusted to low power to preheat the substrate and reduce the surface tension of the subsequent molten pool.

[0099] The laser corresponding to the main light spot 10111 is adjusted to high power to achieve deep melting penetration in the preheating zone;

[0100] The laser corresponding to the trailing spot 10212 is adjusted to medium power, thereby delaying solidification and promoting gas discharge.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] Seven laser generating devices 1 are provided, which are respectively used to form a first laser beam 101 and six second laser beams 102. The first laser beam 101 can be used to form a first molten pool 1011 on the workpiece to be processed, and the six second laser beams 102 can be used to form six second molten pools 1021 on the workpiece to be processed.

[0103] like Figure 7 As shown, the seven lasers emit seven laser beams, which are distributed radially around the energy center;

[0104] The first laser beam 101 is formed by the first laser, and the first laser beam 101 forms a first molten pool 1011, which serves as the main light spot 10111.

[0105] The six lasers form six second laser beams 102, which are radially distributed around the energy center (i.e., the first molten pool 1011).

[0106] In one embodiment of a laser processing apparatus, the processing procedure of the laser processing apparatus is as follows:

[0107] Step 1: Form a first laser beam 101. The first laser beam moves relative to the workpiece along a preset processing path and forms a first molten pool 1011 on the workpiece.

[0108] Step 2: Form a plurality of second laser beams 102, the plurality of second laser beams 102 move relative to the workpiece along a preset processing path and form a plurality of second molten pools 1021 on the workpiece, the plurality of second molten pools being formed on the periphery of the first molten pool 1011 relative to the preset processing path;

[0109] Step 3: Control the first laser beam 101 and several second laser beams 102 to vibrate periodically in the Z-axis direction relative to the surface of the workpiece to form a fish-scale weld on the workpiece.

[0110] Specifically, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the Z-axis adjustment mechanism are adjusted according to the material parameters of the workpiece to be processed.

[0111] The focus of the first laser beam 101 and the focus of a plurality of second laser beams 102 are controlled to vibrate periodically in the Z-axis direction relative to the surface of the workpiece at a vibration frequency of 0-2000Hz and a vibration amplitude of ±50mm.

[0112] An overlapping area is set between any two adjacent molten pools. Along the welding direction, the tail of the leading molten pool overlaps with the head of the main molten pool, or along the direction perpendicular to the welding direction, the side wing molten pool overlaps with the edge of the main molten pool, or they are arranged in a triangle. The intersection area of ​​the three molten pools forms a hexagonal overlapping area.

[0113] Furthermore, the size and energy distribution of the first molten pool 1011 and each of the second molten pools 1021 are formed using an independently controlled method.

[0114] In other words, this method achieves independent setting of the size and energy distribution of each molten pool by controlling the laser of the laser beam source corresponding to each first molten pool 1011 and second molten pool 1021.

[0115] Furthermore, the method also includes determining the power of forming the first laser beam 101 and the second laser beam 102 based on the material and thickness of the workpiece.

[0116] like Figure 8 As shown, the fish-scale weld processed by this invention has the same spacing between the fish-scale patterns and no defects such as porosity, undercut, or cracks, proving that the bubble breaking and solidification control mechanism in the overlapping area of ​​the molten pool is effective; the weld width fluctuation range is ±0.05mm, indicating that this invention can accurately control the weld morphology.

[0117] like Figure 9 As shown, for Figure 8 The fish-scale weld pattern shown in the image, after metallographic observation of its microstructure, reveals a low weld pool height, a large weld depth, and an appropriate weld width, resulting in a high-quality fish-scale weld.

[0118] like Figure 10 As shown, taking the laser processing device that removes the Z-axis adjustment mechanism 3 as an example, the effect diagram of the fish scale weld obtained is shown.

[0119] Figure 10 and Figure 8 In comparison, it can be seen that the fish scale pattern of the weld seam processed by the present invention is full and the spacing is uniform, without any protrusions or depressions, indicating that the flatness and uniformity of the present invention are better.

[0120] like Figure 11 As shown, for Figure 10The fish-scale weld effect diagram shown in the image, after metallographic observation of the microstructure, shows a penetration depth of 4.05 mm, a weld width of 2.95 mm, and a weld reinforcement height of 0.45 mm. In contrast, the fish-scale weld effect diagram of this application, after metallographic observation of the microstructure, shows a penetration depth of 6.37 mm, a weld width of 3.21 mm, and a weld reinforcement height of 0.44 mm. It is evident that the penetration depth of the fish-scale weld in this application is significantly increased, enhancing heat input and molten pool penetration, resulting in more complete fusion with the base metal. The moderately increased weld width indicates a wider heat-affected zone (HAZ) in this application. However, combined with the increased penetration depth, the penetration depth-to-width ratio is greater, leading to superior overall weld strength and airtightness.

[0121] One embodiment of a laser processing equipment includes a laser processing apparatus;

[0122] The laser processing apparatus is used to form and guide a first laser beam 101 and a plurality of second laser beams 102 to move relative to the workpiece along a preset processing path.

[0123] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0124] The above embodiments only illustrate several implementation methods of this utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A laser processing apparatus, characterized in that, include: A laser generating device is used to form a first laser beam and a plurality of second laser beams, wherein the first laser beam can be used to form a first molten pool on a workpiece, and the plurality of second laser beams can be used to form a plurality of second molten pools on the workpiece. A laser processing head, coupled to the laser generating device, can be used to guide the first laser beam and a plurality of second laser beams to move relative to the workpiece along a preset processing path; Several second molten pools are formed around the periphery of the first molten pool relative to a preset processing path; A Z-axis adjustment mechanism is disposed on the laser processing head. The Z-axis adjustment mechanism can be used to make the focus of the first laser beam and the focus of several second laser beams vibrate periodically in the Z-axis direction relative to the surface of the workpiece to form a fish scale pattern weld on the workpiece.

2. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser generating device includes two or more lasers, and / or a single-point laser with a beam splitting device.

3. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis adjustment mechanism includes a reflector and a drive mechanism for adjusting the curvature of the reflector surface, the drive mechanism being electrically connected to the control module; The drive mechanism includes at least one of the following: a pneumatic adjustment mechanism, a hydraulic adjustment mechanism, a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism, a voice coil motor mechanism, and a motor cam mechanism.

4. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vibration frequency of the reflector relative to the surface of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction is 0-2000Hz, and the vibration amplitude of the reflector relative to the surface of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction is ±50mm.

5. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a control module electrically connected to the Z-axis adjustment mechanism. The control module can be used to adjust the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude of the Z-axis adjustment mechanism according to the material parameters of the workpiece.

6. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, An overlapping area is provided between any two adjacent molten pools in the first molten pool and the plurality of second molten pools.

7. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Four second molten pools are formed, with the first molten pool located at the front end, energy center, or geometric center, and the four second molten pools arranged around the periphery of the first molten pool; or Six second molten pools are formed, with the first molten pool located at the front end, energy center, or geometric center, and the six second molten pools arranged around the first molten pool.

8. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The size and energy distribution of the first molten pool and each of the second molten pools are formed using an independently controlled method.

9. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several second molten pools are located at least in one of the following directions of the first molten pool: circumferential, front-back, or up-down.

10. A laser processing device, characterized in that, Includes the laser processing apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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