An extrusion device

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of extruder technology and discloses an extrusion device, including a screw assembly, comprising a shaft, a screw sleeve, and cutting parts. The outer wall of the screw sleeve has helical protrusions. Multiple cutting parts are spaced apart along the axial direction of the shaft, and the outer wall of the cutting parts has outwardly extending cutting edges. The cutting edges are distributed circumferentially on a single cutting part, and the number of cutting edges on each cutting part gradually increases along the material feeding direction. This utility model innovatively integrates the conveying, compression, and plasticizing functions of a screw extruder with the high-speed cutting and grinding functions of multi-stage cutting parts. This combined structure fundamentally solves the three major pain points of traditional screw extruders in producing high-viscosity self-sealing adhesives: inability to effectively break up large clumps, reliance on filtration leading to waste, and easy production interruption. It achieves the high-efficiency production goals of filter-free operation, zero waste, uniform particle size, continuous and stable production, and flexible and adjustable process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of extruder technology, and in particular to an extrusion device. Background Technology

[0002] In the sealant production process, a screw extruder is used to prepare the sealant from the formulation mixture into homogeneous fine filaments. However, for high-viscosity self-sealing sealants, there are higher process requirements, which require that the particle cross-sectional area be less than 1 mm². 2 .

[0003] However, high-viscosity self-sealing adhesives have characteristics such as high viscosity, high elasticity, and easy agglomeration. Traditional screw extruders mainly rely on mixing and extrusion functions to process materials. When dealing with this type of high-viscosity self-sealing adhesive, the mixing and fragmentation are insufficient, resulting in the production of a large number of products with a cross-sectional area greater than 1 mm². 2 The presence of clumps of adhesive cannot ensure that the sealant achieves the required uniform and fine texture, thus affecting the product's performance and quality stability.

[0004] To address the issue of clumps, the industry commonly installs filters in front of the die head to remove large particles. However, this method results in the raw materials being filtered out and wasted, and the filters are easily clogged by large clumps or foreign objects, requiring machine shutdown for cleaning or replacement. This not only interrupts the production process but also reduces production efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new technology solution that does not rely on filters and can continuously complete the ultra-fine homogenization of high viscoelastic self-sealing adhesives online. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an extrusion device to solve the problems in the prior art, which can achieve online continuous production of ultra-fine homogenization of high viscoelastic self-sealing adhesive without relying on a filter screen.

[0006] This utility model provides an extrusion device, including a barrel, a drive assembly, and a screw assembly coaxially arranged with the barrel. The drive assembly is kinetically connected to the screw assembly and is used to drive the screw assembly to rotate inside the barrel, so as to push and extrude the material inside the barrel. The screw assembly includes a shaft, a screw sleeve, and a cutting element, wherein: The screw sleeve and the cutting element are sequentially arranged on the shaft along the material feeding direction. The outer wall of the screw sleeve has a spiral protrusion, which is used to convey and plasticize the material. The cutting parts are arranged in multiple intervals along the axial direction of the shaft, and the outer wall of the cutting parts has outwardly extending cutting edges. The cutting edges are distributed circumferentially on a single cutting part, and the number of cutting edges on each cutting part gradually increases along the material feeding direction.

[0007] In the extrusion device described above, preferably, the screw sleeve and the cutting element are detachably connected to the shaft body. The shaft body is provided with a plurality of mating parts spaced apart along the axial direction. The screw sleeve has a first mating cavity adapted to the mating parts inside. The cutting element has a second mating cavity adapted to the mating parts inside. The shaft body passes through the screw sleeve and the plurality of cutting elements along the axial direction and is fixed with the mating parts through the first mating cavity and the second mating cavity.

[0008] In the extrusion device described above, preferably, the diameter of the shaft increases linearly along the material feeding direction, and multiple spiral protrusions are provided, with the multiple spiral protrusions being evenly distributed at equal angles around the axis of the screw sleeve.

[0009] In the extrusion device described above, preferably, the cutting edge has a helical structure, and the angle between the tangent of the helix of the cutting edge and the end face forms a helix angle ψ, which ranges from 10° to 20°.

[0010] In the extrusion device described above, preferably, the barrel has a material inlet and a material outlet at the end of the barrel along the material feeding direction. An extrusion chamber plate is provided on the side of the material outlet facing the shaft. The extrusion chamber plate has multiple through holes spaced apart. The material is pushed out of the material outlet after passing through the screw assembly and the extrusion chamber plate in sequence from the material inlet. The diameter of the through holes is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0011] In the extrusion apparatus described above, preferably, a cutting element facing the material outlet is disposed at the end of the shaft, and a preset gap C, C≤0.3mm, is provided between the front end face of the cutting edge and the extrusion chamber plate.

[0012] In the extrusion device described above, preferably, the barrel is provided with an extrusion chamber and an installation chamber along the axial direction, one end of the shaft with a screw sleeve and a cutting element is located in the extrusion chamber, and the other end extends from the installation chamber to the outside of the barrel and is connected to the drive assembly via a coupling, the installation chamber is provided with a bearing seat, and a bearing assembly for rotating and supporting the shaft is provided between the shaft and the bearing seat.

[0013] In the extrusion apparatus described above, preferably, the bearing assembly includes a thrust bearing sleeve, a cylindrical roller bearing, and a thrust plane bearing arranged sequentially from the mounting chamber toward the screw sleeve side. The inner rings of the thrust bearing sleeve, the cylindrical roller bearing, and the thrust plane bearing all mate with the shaft body, and the outer rings all mate with the inner wall of the bearing housing, so as to provide radial support and axial positioning for the shaft body.

[0014] In the extrusion apparatus described above, preferably, a sealing sleeve is provided between the mounting chamber and the extrusion chamber, the sealing sleeve passes through the shaft body, a plurality of dynamic seals are provided on the side of the sealing sleeve facing the shaft body, and a static seal is provided on the side of the sealing sleeve facing the barrel.

[0015] In the extrusion apparatus described above, preferably, a pressure detection element is provided on the side of the barrel near the material outlet, and the output end of the pressure detection element is electrically connected to the input end of the drive assembly.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this invention sequentially arranges a screw sleeve and cutting parts on the screw assembly along the material feeding direction. The spiral protrusions of the screw sleeve achieve material conveying and initial plasticization. Furthermore, the cutting parts, distributed axially at intervals and with progressively increasing numbers of cutting edges, create a progressively enhanced shearing and fragmentation effect on high-viscosity self-sealing adhesives, continuously breaking the adhesive into particles with a cross-sectional area of ​​less than 1 mm². 2 The ultrafine particles effectively solve the problem of large agglomerates caused by insufficient mixing and fragmentation in traditional screw extruders; it can achieve the process requirements of homogeneity and fineness without relying on filter screens, which not only avoids the waste of raw material filtration, but also eliminates the downtime and cleaning problems caused by filter screen clogging, significantly improving production efficiency and product quality stability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the extrusion apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the barrel provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the shaft provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the screw sleeve provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 5 This is an assembly diagram of the screw assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of a cutting part provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a front view of another cutting part provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a side view of the cutting part provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the extrusion chamber provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the installation chamber provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Barrel; 100. Extrusion chamber; 101. Mounting chamber; 11. Material inlet; 12. Material outlet; 13. Extrusion chamber plate; 14. Observation port; 20. Screw assembly; 21. Shaft body; 210. Mating part; 22. Screw sleeve; 220. Helical protrusion; 221. First mating cavity; 23. Cutting part; 230. Cutting edge; 231. Second mating cavity; 30. Drive assembly; 31. Coupling; 40. Bearing housing; 41. Thrust bearing sleeve; 42. Cylindrical roller bearing; 43. Thrust thrust bearing; 44. Bearing retaining ring; 45. Gland; 50. Sealing sleeve; 51. Dynamic seal; 52. Static seal; 60. Pressure testing components. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] Traditional screw extruders, when dealing with high-viscosity sealants, often suffer from insufficient mixing and plasticizing capabilities, making it difficult to extrude granules that meet the required specifications. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1-10 As shown, this embodiment provides an extrusion apparatus, including a barrel 10, a drive assembly 30, and a screw assembly 20 coaxially arranged with the barrel 10. The drive assembly 30 is kinetically connected to the screw assembly 20 and is used to drive the screw assembly 20 to rotate within the barrel 10, thereby pushing and extruding the material within the barrel 10. To improve the stirring and plasticizing capabilities of the extrusion apparatus, in this embodiment, the screw assembly 20 includes a shaft 21, a screw sleeve 22, and a cutting element 23, wherein: See Figure 1-2 As shown, the screw sleeve 22 and the cutting element 23 are sequentially arranged on the shaft 21 along the material feeding direction. The outer wall of the screw sleeve 22 has a spiral protrusion 220, which is used to convey and plasticize the material. Multiple cutting elements 23 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the shaft 21, and the outer wall of the cutting element 23 has an outwardly extending cutting edge 230. The cutting edges 230 are distributed circumferentially on a single cutting element 23, and the number of cutting edges 230 on each cutting element 23 increases sequentially along the material feeding direction.

[0021] The screw sleeve 22 is located at the input end in the material feeding direction. Through axial pushing, stirring, and plasticizing, it first disperses and conveys the lumpy or agglomerated rubber material forward. The cutting part 23 is located at the output end in the material feeding direction. Its blades 230, when rotating with the shaft 21, continuously and multi-stage shear and crush the pre-dispersed rubber material. The blades 230 cut into the interior of the highly viscous rubber material, using radial force to break the cohesive forces between molecules, further refining the rubber material. The incremental design of the number of blades 230 in the cutting part 23 can achieve progressive crushing. The rubber material is pushed to the cutting part 23. At step 3, the material is first coarsely crushed by a smaller number of blades 230 to avoid excessive blades 230 in this area, which could cause blockage of the rubber material. The coarsely crushed material is then further finely crushed by an increasing number of blades 230 to ensure that the material reaches the uniformity required for particle formation before extrusion. The progressively increasing number of blades 230 allows the material to gradually transition from coarse to fine, avoiding local overheating or the formation of clumps due to excessive cutting at one time. This ensures that the material is fully crushed during extrusion, avoiding the drawbacks of having to use a filter screen to remove large particles later, and effectively reducing raw material waste.

[0022] See Figure 3-7 As shown, in order to adapt to sealants with different properties and improve the versatility of the equipment, in some embodiments of this application, the screw sleeve 22 and the cutting part 23 are detachably connected to the shaft 21. Multiple mating parts 210 are spaced apart along the axial direction on the shaft 21. The screw sleeve 22 has a first mating cavity 221 adapted to the mating part 210 inside, and the cutting part 23 has a second mating cavity 231 adapted to the mating part 210 inside. The shaft 21 passes through the screw sleeve 22 and multiple cutting parts 23 along the axial direction and is fixed by the first mating cavity 221 and the second mating cavity 231 with the mating part 210. Traditional one-piece screws require replacement of the entire unit if there is local wear, which is costly and time-consuming to disassemble and assemble. In this embodiment, because the screw sleeve 22 and multi-stage progressive cutting parts 23 are provided on the shaft 21, the one-piece machining is difficult. The detachable connection is achieved by the mating part 210 and the mating cavity, which not only reduces the machining difficulty but also allows for the rapid replacement of functional components with different parameters according to the characteristics of the sealant and the required degree of fragmentation.

[0023] Specifically, the working section of the shaft 21 connects the screw sleeve 22 and the cutting part 23. The mating part 210 on it uses spline teeth. Both the first mating cavity 221 and the second mating cavity 231 have matching spline grooves. The mating cavities of the screw sleeve 22 and the cutting part 23 respectively penetrate the shaft 21. Simultaneously, the spline teeth and spline grooves mate. The diameter of the journal section of the shaft 21 is larger than the diameter of the working section. After assembly, one end of the screw sleeve 22 abuts against the end face of the journal section of the shaft 21, allowing for positioning. The precise fit between the spline teeth and spline grooves ensures the coaxiality of the screw sleeve 22, the cutting part 23, and the shaft 21. Of course, the mating part 210 and the mating cavity can also be a key-pin fit or a shaft-hole fit; this is not limited here. It should be noted that if there is no need for a preset gap between multiple cutting parts 23 and between the cutting parts 23 and the screw sleeve 22, they can be stacked in sequence, and the cutting part 23 at the front end of the shaft 21 can be locked to prevent it from moving axially. If there is a need for a preset gap between multiple cutting parts 23 and between the cutting parts 23 and the screw sleeve 22, the screw sleeve 22 and multiple cutting parts 23 need to be limited to the preset positions of the shaft 21 by using a suitable fastener. The fastener can be a lock nut, a shaft elastic retaining ring or a locking sleeve, etc.

[0024] Because high-viscosity sealants have poor flowability, and the existing screw diameter is constant, the radial space of the material inside the barrel 10 remains unchanged. This makes it easy for the sealant to clump inside the barrel 10, preventing downward conveying or causing the sealant to adhere to the inner wall of the barrel 10 and age. To solve this problem, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the diameter of the shaft 21 increases linearly along the material feeding direction. Multiple spiral protrusions 220 are provided, and these protrusions are evenly distributed at equal angles around the axis of the screw sleeve 22. The gradual increase in the diameter of the shaft 21 significantly improves the compression ratio of the screw assembly 20, causing the radial gap between the shaft 21 and the inner wall of the screw sleeve 22 to gradually decrease along the feeding direction. This allows the rubber material to smoothly fill the space and breaks down cohesion through continuous compression, preventing clumping and retention. It should be noted that the linear increase in the diameter of the shaft 21 along the material feeding direction refers to the linear increase in the diameter of the working section of the shaft 21 along the material feeding direction. The multiple spiral protrusions 220 enhance the mixing intensity of the rubber material and help break up larger clumps, enhancing the plasticizing effect and ensuring that the rubber material is stably and forcefully pushed towards the cutting part 23. At least two spiral protrusions 220 are provided, preferably three in this case.

[0025] See Figure 5-7As shown, in this embodiment, the cutting component 23 is a core functional structure designed for the characteristics of high-viscosity sealant. The cutting component 23 can be a disc-shaped blade. Near the screw sleeve 22, where there are still large clumps of adhesive in the material, a two-bladed blade with two cutting edges 230 is installed at this position. This blade mainly performs strong impact and initial crushing, breaking up the large clumps. A three-bladed blade is installed in the middle position to further cut and crush the initially crushed adhesive, significantly reducing the particle size. A six-bladed blade is installed near the end of the feeding path to perform fine grinding, thoroughly pulverizing the adhesive to the fineness required by the process. This progressive multi-stage crushing process, consisting of coarse crushing, medium crushing, and fine grinding, ensures that the adhesive is fully and uniformly refined. It should be noted that at least one cutting element 23 is provided for each of the coarse crushing, medium crushing, and fine grinding sections. Depending on the working conditions, multiple cutting elements 23 may also be provided. For example, two 2-blade blades may be provided for the coarse crushing section, one 3-blade blade for the medium crushing section, and two 6-blade blades for the fine grinding section. This utility model does not limit this.

[0026] See Figure 8 As shown, the cutting edge 230 has a helical structure. The angle between the tangent of the helix of the cutting edge 230 and the end face forms a helix angle ψ, which ranges from 10° to 20°. Compared to a straight blade, the helical cutting edge 230 significantly increases the effective length of the cutting part 23. When the cutting part 23 rotates at high speed, it greatly extends the contact path and contact time between the cutting edge and the rubber mass, enhancing the cutting efficiency and grinding effect of the blade, and more effectively breaking up highly viscous rubber. The helix angle can be selected according to the actual rubber characteristics, such as viscosity, hardness, and process requirements, including 10°, 15°, 18°, and 20°. Different helix angles directly affect the cutting performance, cutting force, and flow characteristics of the rubber. By selecting a suitable angle, cutting efficiency and refining effect can be optimized, enhancing the adaptability of the equipment to different working conditions. Furthermore, the cutting surface of the cutting edge 230 can be a flat surface or a serrated surface. Designing it as a serrated surface helps to reduce cutting resistance and reduce wear on the cutting edge 230.

[0027] Furthermore, the spiral lines of the cutting edges 230 of each cutting element 23 can extend in the same direction of rotation, and the axial thrust generated by their rotation is in the same direction, matching the pushing direction of the spiral protrusions 220 of the screw sleeve 22. This allows the crushed material to flow continuously along a preset path, reducing local backflow, significantly reducing the transition resistance between the cutting section and the mixing section, improving the overall conveying efficiency, and ensuring that the material is subjected to balanced forces in the circumferential direction. Of course, it can also be configured with non-uniform spiral directions, with the spiral lines of the cutting edges 230 of at least two cutting elements 23 extending in opposite directions. For materials with higher crushing requirements, they will be subjected to reverse shear forces when passing through two adjacent cutting elements 23 with opposite spiral directions. This shear force can force more complex turbulent mixing to occur inside the material, which can effectively improve the shear strength, especially for sealants containing lightweight fillers or fibers.

[0028] See Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the barrel 10 has a material inlet 11 located on the side of the screw sleeve 22 near the root of the shaft 21. The barrel 10 has a material outlet 12 at its end along the material feeding direction. An extrusion chamber plate 13 is located on the side of the material outlet 12 facing the shaft 21. Multiple through holes are spaced apart on the extrusion chamber plate 13. Material passes sequentially from the material inlet 11 through the screw assembly 20 and the extrusion chamber plate 13 before being pushed out of the material outlet 12. The diameter of the through holes is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The extrusion chamber plate 13 can be a steel plate with an array of through holes, serving as the final filter barrier to limit the size of the extruded sealant particles, ensuring that the maximum cross-sectional size of all output particles does not exceed 0.5 mm, strictly meeting the production process requirements for particle fineness, i.e., a cross-sectional area less than 1 mm². 2 .

[0029] See Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the cutting element 23 facing the material outlet 12 is located at the end of the shaft 21, and there is a preset gap C between the front end face of the cutting edge 230 and the extrusion chamber plate 13, where C ≤ 0.3 mm. The cutting element 23 near the material outlet 12 serves as the final fine grinding component, axially fixed to the end of the shaft 21. The rotation direction of the cutting edge 230 faces the material outlet 12. During the high-speed rotation of the cutting edge 230, the material within the preset gap is sheared by the front end face of the cutting edge 230 and the surface of the extrusion chamber plate 13. The cutting edge 230 can continuously scrape the inlet end face of the extrusion chamber plate 13, effectively preventing the colloid from accumulating and solidifying at the edge of the through-hole inlet, avoiding local blockage or orifice reduction caused by colloid accumulation, and ensuring long-term continuous operation of the equipment. Highly viscous materials are prone to accumulate in front of the extrusion chamber plate 13 due to flow restriction in the through-hole. If the distance between the end cutting element 23 and the chamber plate is too large, the accumulated material will gather under pressure, potentially blocking the through-hole or forming oversized particles. In this embodiment, setting the preset gap C≤0.3mm can ensure the shearing effect and prevent the cutting part 23 from contacting the extrusion chamber plate 13 and causing wear. In addition, it can also ensure that the rubber material is extruded evenly and continuously, avoiding long-term retention at the material outlet 12, which would affect the normal operation of the equipment.

[0030] See Figure 1-2 and Figure 10As shown, in this embodiment, the barrel 10 is provided with an extrusion chamber 100 and a mounting chamber 101 along the axial direction. One end of the shaft 21, which is provided with a screw sleeve 22 and a cutting element 23, is located inside the extrusion chamber 100, and the other end extends from the mounting chamber 101 to the outside of the barrel 10, and is connected to the drive assembly 30 through a coupling 31. A bearing seat 40 is provided inside the mounting chamber 101, and a bearing assembly for rotating and supporting the shaft 21 is provided between the shaft 21 and the bearing seat 40. The mounting chamber 101 is used to support and fix the shaft 21. The drive assembly 30 is a drive motor, which is connected to the root of the shaft 21 through the coupling 31 to transmit torque and rotational motion to the shaft 21.

[0031] See Figure 10 As shown, during the propulsion process, uneven material flow will generate radial eccentric force on the shaft 21. The existing bearing fixing structure is simple, and under high viscosity rubber conditions, radial runout is prone to occur when the shaft 21 rotates, resulting in decreased equipment operating stability and accelerated bearing wear. Therefore, in this embodiment, the bearing assembly includes a thrust bearing sleeve 41, a cylindrical roller bearing 42, and a thrust plane bearing 43 arranged sequentially from the mounting chamber 101 to the screw sleeve 22. The inner rings of the thrust bearing sleeve 41, the cylindrical roller bearing 42, and the thrust plane bearing 43 all mate with the shaft 21, and the outer rings all mate with the inner wall of the bearing housing 40, so as to provide radial support and axial positioning for the shaft 21. The thrust bearing sleeve 41 abuts against the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 42, and the two mainly provide radial support. The cylindrical roller bearing 42 has the characteristics of strong radial load capacity and low friction coefficient, which can withstand the radial eccentric force generated by uneven material distribution in the shaft 21 and control the coaxiality of rotation. The axial thrust generated during material extrusion will push the shaft 21 to move towards the mounting chamber 101. The thrust plane bearing 43 can efficiently withstand axial load and limit the axial movement of the shaft 21. The bearing assembly forms a dual constraint on the shaft 21 in both radial and axial directions, achieving a high-precision and high-reliability support function. In addition, a pressure cap 45 fixed to the barrel 10 is provided at the end of the mounting chamber 101. The shaft 21 can pass through the pressure cap 45 and the bearing retainer ring 44 of the thrust bearing sleeve 41, which serves to prevent axial movement of the bearing assembly and provide a protective seal.

[0032] See Figure 10As shown, in this embodiment, a sealing sleeve 50 is provided between the mounting chamber 101 and the extrusion chamber 100. The sealing sleeve 50 passes through the shaft 21. Multiple dynamic seals 51 are provided on the side of the sealing sleeve 50 facing the shaft 21, and static seals 52 are provided on the side of the sealing sleeve 50 facing the barrel 10. The sealing sleeve 50 can prevent the rubber material in the extrusion chamber 100 from entering the mounting chamber 101, and can also prevent the lubricating medium in the mounting chamber 101 from contaminating the material. Simultaneously, it can ensure the sealing stability of the shaft 21 during high-speed rotation. The sealing sleeve 50 is tightly fitted to the shaft 21 through multiple dynamic seals 51, such as lip seals and plug seals. When the shaft 21 rotates, the lip of the dynamic seal 51 slides slightly synchronously with the shaft 21, forming a dynamic seal. The mating surfaces of the sealing sleeve 50 and the barrel 10 are filled with static seals 52 such as O-rings and combined gaskets, preventing lubricating medium from leaking from the static mating surfaces of the sealing sleeve 50 and the barrel 10, thus forming a dual leak-proof guarantee of dynamic and static properties. Furthermore, an observation port 14 is provided on the installation chamber 101 to facilitate visual inspection of whether there is sealant leakage at the seal during routine maintenance, and it can also be used to add lubricant.

[0033] See Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, a pressure detection element 60 is provided on the side of the barrel 10 near the material outlet 12, and the output end of the pressure detection element 60 is electrically connected to the input end of the drive assembly 30. The pressure detection element 60 can monitor the rubber pressure at the inlet of the extrusion chamber plate 13 in real time. When an abnormal increase in pressure is detected, it indicates that the rubber extrusion from the extrusion chamber plate 13 is not smooth or there is a potential risk of blockage. At this time, the equipment control system increases the rotation speed of the drive assembly 30, and the rotation speed of the screw assembly 20 is increased synchronously, which enhances the cutting force and grinding frequency, which quickly breaks up the rubber clumps that cause blockage or increased resistance, allowing the rubber to flow smoothly again. The pressure drops rapidly and stabilizes within the preset process requirement range, thereby ensuring continuous production. The pressure detection element 60, combined with the precise gap anti-blocking design between the cutting part 23 and the extrusion chamber plate 13, can sense the pressure change in the chamber in real time and avoid material retention and accumulation through the gap design, improving the stability and safety of equipment operation, thereby dynamically maintaining the equipment at the optimal extrusion pressure, preventing blockage and ensuring that the output particle fineness is consistently up to standard.

[0034] The pressure detection element 60 can be a pressure sensor or the like. It should be noted that the circuitry and control systems involved in this invention are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0035] The above description, based on the embodiments shown in the drawings, details the structure, features, and effects of this utility model. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the scope of implementation of this utility model is not limited to what is shown in the drawings. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of this utility model, or modifications to equivalent embodiments, that do not exceed the spirit covered by the specification and drawings, shall be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An extrusion apparatus comprising a barrel, a drive assembly and a screw assembly disposed coaxially with the barrel, the drive assembly being in driving connection with the screw assembly for driving the screw assembly to rotate within the barrel to advance and extrude material within the barrel, characterised in that, The screw assembly includes a shaft, a screw sleeve, and a cutting component, wherein: The screw sleeve and the cutting element are sequentially arranged on the shaft along the material feeding direction. The outer wall of the screw sleeve has a spiral protrusion, which is used to convey and plasticize the material. The cutting parts are arranged in multiple intervals along the axial direction of the shaft, and the outer wall of the cutting parts has outwardly extending cutting edges. The cutting edges are distributed circumferentially on a single cutting part, and the number of cutting edges on each cutting part gradually increases along the material feeding direction.

2. The extrusion device of claim 1, wherein, Both the screw sleeve and the cutting element are detachably connected to the shaft. The shaft has multiple mating parts spaced apart along the axial direction. The screw sleeve has a first mating cavity adapted to the mating parts. The cutting element has a second mating cavity adapted to the mating parts. The shaft passes through the screw sleeve and the multiple cutting elements along the axial direction and is fixed with the mating parts through the first mating cavity and the second mating cavity.

3. The extrusion device of claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the shaft increases linearly along the material feeding direction, and there are multiple spiral protrusions, which are evenly distributed at equal angles around the axis of the screw sleeve.

4. The extrusion device of claim 1, wherein, The blade has a spiral structure, and the angle between the tangent of the spiral line of the blade and the end face forms a spiral helix angle ψ, which ranges from 10° to 20°.

5. The extrusion device of claim 1, wherein, The barrel has a material inlet and a material outlet at the end of the barrel along the material feeding direction. An extrusion chamber plate is provided on the side of the material outlet facing the shaft. Multiple through holes are provided on the extrusion chamber plate at intervals. The material is pushed out of the material outlet after passing through the screw assembly and the extrusion chamber plate in sequence from the material inlet.

6. The extrusion device of claim 5, wherein, A cutting element facing the material outlet is located at the end of the shaft, and there is a preset gap between the front end face of the cutting edge and the extrusion chamber plate.

7. The extrusion device of claim 1, wherein, The barrel is provided with an extrusion chamber and an installation chamber along the axial direction. One end of the shaft, which is provided with a screw sleeve and a cutting element, is located in the extrusion chamber, and the other end extends from the installation chamber to the outside of the barrel and is connected to the drive assembly through a coupling. The installation chamber is provided with a bearing seat, and a bearing assembly for rotating and supporting the shaft is provided between the shaft and the bearing seat.

8. The extrusion device of claim 7, wherein, The bearing assembly includes a thrust bearing sleeve, a cylindrical roller bearing, and a thrust plane bearing arranged sequentially from the mounting chamber toward the screw sleeve side. The inner rings of the thrust bearing sleeve, the cylindrical roller bearing, and the thrust plane bearing all mate with the shaft body, and the outer rings all mate with the inner wall of the bearing housing, so as to provide radial support and axial positioning for the shaft body.

9. The extrusion device of claim 7, wherein, A sealing sleeve is provided between the installation chamber and the extrusion chamber. The sealing sleeve passes through the shaft body. Multiple dynamic seals are provided on the side of the sealing sleeve facing the shaft body, and static seals are provided on the side of the sealing sleeve facing the barrel.

10. The extrusion device of claim 1, wherein, A pressure detection element is provided on the side of the barrel near the material outlet, and the output end of the pressure detection element is electrically connected to the input end of the drive assembly.

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