A low-quality heavy oil isothermal bubbling suspension bed hydrothermal cracking unit

Abstract

A low-quality heavy oil isothermal bubbling suspension bed hydrothermal cracking unit relates to the field of low-quality heavy oil deep processing and chemical feedstock conversion technology. It includes multiple reactors arranged in parallel. Each reactor includes a reactor body with an upper cone at the top and a lower cone at the bottom. Several cold hydrogen branch lines are equidistantly arranged on one side of the reactor body, with one end connected to a main cold hydrogen line and the other end extending into the reactor body and connecting to a cold hydrogen distributor. A main hydrogen branch line is located on one side of the lower cone, with one end connected to the main hydrogen line and the other end extending into the lower cone and connecting to a main hydrogen distributor. This unit achieves a balance between the hydrothermal exothermic reaction and the thermal cracking absorption reaction temperatures in the hydrotreated suspension bed. It maintains a high conversion rate even when the reactor temperature is lower than that of similar units, achieving the goals of coking-free operation, long-cycle operation, and low energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of deep processing of inferior heavy oil and conversion of chemical raw materials, specifically to an isothermal bubbling suspension bed hydrothermal cracking device for inferior heavy oil. Background Technology

[0002] my country's dependence on crude oil imports has been rising year by year, with imports now accounting for over 70% of its total crude oil reserves. The global ratio of conventional to unconventional crude oil resources (including heavy oil, viscous oil, and oil sands) is approximately 1:2. Hydrogenation of heavy oil to increase its hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and achieve lighter weight, transforming it into high-end green chemical materials, is a new trend. Currently, in the hydrocracking process of heavy oil, controlling the reaction depth in the cracking unit is difficult, and the reaction temperature fluctuates greatly. Relying solely on hydrogen generated by bubbling to achieve stable temperature control presents significant challenges and uncertainties. The reaction process suffers from insufficient hydrogen partial pressure, and at high temperatures, the hydrogen-deficient reaction cannot be terminated in time, leading to secondary reactions and hydrogen-deficient condensation coking reactions. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a low-quality heavy oil isothermal bubbling suspension bed hydrothermal cracking device, which can solve the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A low-quality heavy oil isothermal bubbling suspension bed hydrothermal cracking unit includes multiple reactors arranged in parallel. Each reactor includes a reactor body with an upper cone at the top, the top of which is connected to a discharge pipeline. A lower cone is located at the bottom of the reactor body, with a feed pipeline connected to its bottom end. A feed pump is connected to the end of the feed pipeline furthest from the lower cone. Several cold hydrogen branch pipelines are equidistantly arranged on one side of the reactor body. One end of each cold hydrogen branch pipeline is connected to a main cold hydrogen pipeline, and the other end extends into the reactor body and connects to a cold hydrogen distributor, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the reactor body. A main hydrogen branch pipeline is located on one side of the lower cone, with one end connected to the main hydrogen pipeline and the other end extending into the lower cone and connecting to a main hydrogen distributor, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the lower cone.

[0006] Preferably, the temperature of the cold hydrogen in the main cold hydrogen pipeline is 380-410°C.

[0007] Preferably, the feed pipeline is equipped with a regulating valve and a shut-off valve, the discharge pipeline is equipped with a discharge valve, and both the cold hydrogen branch pipeline and the main hydrogen branch pipeline are equipped with regulating valves.

[0008] Preferably, a thermometer is provided on the inner wall of the reactor body.

[0009] Preferably, the end of the discharge pipeline away from the upper cone is connected to a heat separator, the top of which is provided with an air outlet pipeline and the bottom of which is provided with a liquid outlet pipeline.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0011] 1. This utility model controls the axial temperature difference within the reactor body by setting five sets of cold hydrogen branch lines on one side of the reactor body and introducing cold hydrogen, effectively avoiding local temperature rise, achieving a balance between the exothermic hydrogenation reaction and the endothermic thermal cracking, and ensuring that the material is in a constant temperature reaction process.

[0012] 2. Each reactor in this utility model is equipped with a separate feed pump, which enables each bubbling slurry bed reactor to operate independently without affecting each other. The temperature of each reactor can be controlled independently according to the diversity of raw materials. Based on the factory's raw material inventory, one to six reactors can be operated under different operating conditions. The standby bubbling slurry bed reactor is in a hydrogen preheating standby state or can be isolated for maintenance.

[0013] 3. The reactor temperature in this invention is lower than that of similar devices, resulting in a more uniform hydrogen thermal cracking reaction. This effectively ensures that the hydrogen in the entire reaction zone is in a saturated and hydrogen-rich state, suppresses side reactions, and enables the device to operate for extended periods. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0017] 1-Reactor body, 2-Upper cone, 3-Discharge line, 4-Lower cone, 5-Infeed line, 6-Infeed pump, 7-Cold hydrogen branch line, 8-Cold hydrogen main line, 9-Cold hydrogen distributor, 10-Main hydrogen branch line, 11-Main hydrogen main line, 12-Main hydrogen distributor, 13-Regulating valve, 14-Shut-off valve, 15-Discharge valve, 16-Thermal separator, 17-Gas outlet line, 18-Liquid outlet line. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, by way of example. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses an isothermal bubbling suspension bed hydrothermal cracking device for inferior heavy oil, comprising two sets of six reactors arranged in parallel. Each reactor includes a reactor body 1, with an upper cone 2 at the top. A discharge pipeline 3 is connected to the top of the upper cone 2, and a discharge valve 15 is installed on the discharge pipeline 3. A lower cone 4 is located at the bottom of the reactor body 1, with a feed pipeline 5 connected to the bottom end of the lower cone 4. A regulating valve 13 and a shut-off valve 14 are installed on the feed pipeline 5. A feed pump 6 is connected to the end of the feed pipeline 5 furthest from the lower cone 4. Equivalently spaced on one side of the reactor body 1 are... Five sets of cold hydrogen branch lines 7 are provided. One end of each cold hydrogen branch line 7 is connected to the main cold hydrogen line 8, where the temperature of the cold hydrogen is 400℃. The other end extends into the reactor body 1 and is connected to the cold hydrogen distributor 9, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the reactor body 1. A main hydrogen branch line 10 is provided on one side of the lower cone 4. One end of the main hydrogen branch line 10 is connected to the main hydrogen line 11, and the other end extends into the lower cone 4 and is connected to the main hydrogen distributor 12, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the lower cone 4. A regulating valve 13 is provided on both the cold hydrogen branch lines 7 and the main hydrogen branch lines 10.

[0020] The reactor body 1 is equipped with a thermometer on its inner wall, which is transmitted to the DCS system via data transmission to achieve precise control of the reaction temperature.

[0021] The discharge pipeline 3 is connected to a heat separator 16 at the end away from the upper cone 2. The heat separator 16 has an air outlet pipeline 17 at the top and a liquid outlet pipeline 18 at the bottom.

[0022] Each bubbling slurry bed reactor in this device is designed with a single pump for feeding, ensuring stable flow rate and uniformity of heavy and inferior raw materials. The feed pump 6 enters the bubbling slurry bed reactor in a conical shape at the bottom, and is uniformly backmixed with the main hydrogen gas. The high-speed flowing hydrogen gas at 10-500 mm / s reacts with the reaction feed oil at 0.1-50 mm / s in the oil phase zone, achieving bubbling backmixing and reaction. This realizes bubbling reaction within the bubbling slurry bed reactor, while also improving the material flow field distribution, effectively reducing coking and slagging on the reactor walls, and avoiding excessive backmixing. Five sets of cold hydrogen branch lines 7 are set at the reactor body 1, and the reaction temperature is uniformly controlled by the five sets of cold hydrogen temperatures. At the same time, hydrogen is supplemented to avoid insufficient hydrogen partial pressure in the upper part of the reactor due to hydrogen consumption. When the reactants reach the top of the reactor, the top of the reactor is set into a cone shape to accelerate the flow rate of the materials at the top of the reactor. This avoids excessive reaction residence time and coking in this area. Finally, the reaction products enter the thermal separator 16 for gas-liquid separation.

[0023] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and application concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An isothermal bubbling suspended bed hydro-up apparatus for low quality heavy oil, characterized by: The reactor comprises multiple reactors arranged in parallel. Each reactor includes a reactor body (1), an upper cone (2) at the top of the reactor body (1), a discharge pipeline (3) connected to the top of the upper cone (2), a lower cone (4) at the bottom of the reactor body (1), a feed pipeline (5) connected to the bottom of the lower cone (4), and a feed pump (6) connected to the end of the feed pipeline (5) away from the lower cone (4). Several cold hydrogen branch pipelines (7) are equidistantly arranged on one side of the reactor body (1). One end of the branch line (7) is connected to the main cold hydrogen line (8), and the other end extends into the reactor body (1) and is connected to the cold hydrogen distributor (9). The cold hydrogen distributor (9) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the reactor body (1). A main hydrogen branch line (10) is provided on one side of the lower cone (4). One end of the main hydrogen branch line (10) is connected to the main hydrogen line (11), and the other end extends into the lower cone (4) and is connected to the main hydrogen distributor (12). The main hydrogen distributor (12) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the lower cone (4).

2. The isothermal bubbling fluidized bed slurry reactor for hydro-upgrading of low quality heavy oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The temperature of the cold hydrogen in the main cold hydrogen pipeline (8) is 380-410℃.

3. The isothermal bubbling fluidized bed slurry reactor for hydro-upgrading of low quality heavy oil as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The feed line (5) is equipped with a regulating valve (13) and a shut-off valve (14), the discharge line (3) is equipped with a discharge valve (15), and the cold hydrogen branch line (7) and the main hydrogen branch line (10) are both equipped with regulating valves (13).

4. The isothermal bubbling fluidized bed slurry reactor for hydro-upgrading of low quality heavy oil as claimed in claim 1 wherein: A thermometer is provided on the inner wall of the reactor body (1).

5. The isothermal bubbling suspension bed hydrothermal cracking unit for inferior heavy oil as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge pipeline (3) is connected to a heat separator (16) at the end away from the upper cone (2). The heat separator (16) has an air outlet pipeline (17) at the top and a liquid outlet pipeline (18) at the bottom.

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