A self-aligning, shear-resistant mining anchor cable assembly

Abstract

This utility model provides a self-aligning, shear-resistant mining anchor cable assembly, belonging to the field of coal mine roadway support technology. The technical solution is as follows: a self-aligning, shear-resistant mining anchor cable assembly includes a tray, an anchor cable, and an anchor. A connecting hole is provided at the center of the tray, and the anchor cable is installed in the connecting hole. The anchor is located below the tray and is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the anchor cable. The connecting hole is hemispherical, and a ball-head connector is sleeved on the outside of the anchor cable inside the connecting hole. The ball-head connector is located between the tray and the anchor, and its sidewall rotates and fits against the inner wall of the connecting hole. The beneficial effect of this utility model is that, through the action of the ball-head connector, an elastic contact is formed between the anchor and the tray. Simultaneously, the rotation function of the ball-head connector within the connecting hole achieves automatic self-alignment, further ensuring the safety and reliability of the anchor cable under complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of coal mine roadway support technology, specifically relating to an adjustable shear-resistant mine anchor cable assembly. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mine roadways, mine anchor cables, as a core component of the active support system, play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock and ensuring engineering safety. Through synergy with the surrounding rock, they form a load-bearing structure coupling deep anchoring and surface support, effectively suppressing the deformation and instability tendencies of the surrounding rock. The anchor cable penetrates deep into the rock strata through its anchoring section, transferring the load of the shallow, unstable rock mass to the deep, stable strata. Simultaneously, the exposed anchor and support plate apply preload to the surrounding rock, causing the dispersed rock blocks to form an integral load-bearing arch, thereby significantly improving the self-supporting capacity of the surrounding rock.

[0003] Existing mining anchor cable assemblies mainly consist of anchor cables, trays, and anchorages. One end of the anchor cable is anchored to stable rock strata deep within the borehole using bonding materials such as resin anchoring agents and cement grout, forming an anchor end with pull-out resistance. The other end of the anchor cable, as a free section, passes through the borehole on the roadway surface, sequentially through the central hole of the tray, and is then locked in place by the anchorages. During construction, a hydraulic tensioning device applies preload to the free section of the anchor cable, placing the anchor cable in a tensile state, and then the tray evenly transmits the stress to the surrounding rock on the roadway surface.

[0004] However, when the roadway encounters mining pressure, rock strata displacement, or rock bursts, the non-uniform deformation of the surrounding rock can cause the anchor cable to bear sudden shear loads. Under shear displacement, stress peaks will form at the contact surface between the anchor and the support, causing the anchor cable to undergo localized plastic deformation or even brittle fracture at that location. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention addresses the problem of anchor cables being easily sheared at the contact surface between the anchor and the tray by providing a self-aligning, shear-resistant mining anchor cable assembly that can prevent anchor cables from being sheared by adjusting the self-alignment of the anchor cable.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is an adjustable shear-resistant mining anchor cable assembly, including a tray, an anchor cable, and an anchor. A connection hole is provided at the center of the tray, the anchor cable is installed in the connection hole, the anchor is located below the tray, and the anchor is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the anchor cable. The connection hole is hemispherical, and a ball-head connector sleeved on the outside of the anchor cable is provided inside the connection hole. The ball-head connector is located between the tray and the anchor, and the side wall of the ball-head connector is rotatably fitted with the inner wall of the connection hole.

[0007] In this technical solution, the anchor is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the anchor cable and the ball-head connector is abutted in the connection hole, so that the ball-head connector always remains in the abutting state in the connection hole. When the roadway encounters mining pressure, rock strata displacement or rock burst, the ball-head connector can drive the anchor cable to rotate in the connection hole to achieve self-aligning deflection, thereby reducing the stress peak formed on the contact surface between the anchor and the tray, and ensuring that the anchor cable is not sheared under sudden load.

[0008] Furthermore, a lubricating coating is applied to the inner wall of the connecting hole. This reduces friction between the ball joint connector and the connecting hole, allowing for more flexible self-aligning rotation and reducing the risk of stress concentration. Under lubrication, the shear resistance of the ball joint connector during rotation is reduced, preventing the anchor cable from bearing additional bending moments due to jamming. This also reduces wear caused by direct metal-to-metal contact, making it particularly suitable for high-dust, humid coal mine roadways, preventing corrosion and jamming.

[0009] Furthermore, the top of the ball-head connector is provided with a through hole, and the interior of the ball-head connector is a buffer layer made of elastic material. The ball-head connector is fitted onto the anchor cable through the through hole. Utilizing the deformation capability of the elastic material, it absorbs the instantaneous stress generated by rock strata displacement or impact pressure, reduces the rigid impact between the anchor cable and the anchorage / plate, extends the component's lifespan, and improves the stability of the self-aligning process. It is particularly suitable for the high dynamic load environment of coal mine roadways.

[0010] Furthermore, a support layer is provided on the outside of the buffer layer, and the support layer adopts an aluminum alloy honeycomb skeleton structure. The aluminum alloy honeycomb skeleton structure is lightweight and high-strength, which can provide rigid support for the buffer layer without significantly increasing the weight of the ball joint connector, preventing it from excessively deforming and becoming unstable under high loads. In addition, the honeycomb pore structure of the aluminum alloy honeycomb skeleton also has energy absorption characteristics, which can help the buffer layer dissipate impact energy.

[0011] Furthermore, a wear-resistant layer is provided on the outside of the support layer, and the wear-resistant layer is made of steel. Steel has high hardness and strong wear resistance, and can directly withstand the mechanical actions such as friction and compression caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock in the tunnel, protecting the internal buffer layer and support layer from wear and damage.

[0012] Furthermore, a discharge chute is provided on the side wall of the ball joint connector, extending from the top to the bottom of the ball joint connector. The discharge chute guides dust, rock fragments, and other foreign objects in the coal mine roadway out along the side wall of the ball joint connector, preventing them from accumulating in the gap between the ball joint connector and the connecting hole and causing jamming. This ensures that the ball joint connector can rotate freely and self-align when the rock strata shift.

[0013] Furthermore, at least two discharge troughs are provided, all evenly distributed at equal angles around the axis of the ball joint connector. The evenly distributed discharge troughs form a symmetrical dust removal channel, ensuring that foreign objects can be effectively discharged from the ball joint connector in any rotation direction, avoiding dust removal blind spots caused by the fixed orientation of a single trough. The multi-trough design increases the discharge area and improves the efficiency of dust and rock debris discharge. Especially when the ball joint connector is self-aligning, each discharge trough can work synchronously to quickly clear accumulated foreign objects.

[0014] Furthermore, the anchor is located below the ball joint connector, with its top abutting against the bottom of the ball joint connector. The anchor, by abutting against the ball joint connector, evenly transmits the anchor cable preload to the tray, while simultaneously restricting the axial movement of the ball joint connector, ensuring its stable self-alignment within the connection hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the top of the anchorage is provided with a conical hole that penetrates the anchorage, and the inner diameter of the conical hole gradually increases from the top to the bottom of the anchorage. The conical hole provides a controllable offset space for the anchor cable. When the surrounding rock of the roadway shifts or impacts, the anchor cable can deflect slightly within the conical hole. The hole wall guides the anchor cable to adjust the force angle along the conical direction, avoiding shear failure caused by rigid constraints. It can effectively convert non-axial loads into axial components along the conical surface, reducing the shear stress on the anchor cable. At the same time, the guiding effect of the conical hole maintains the stability of the anchoring force. It is especially suitable for high-stress, large-deformation roadways, significantly improving the shear resistance and reliability of the support system.

[0016] Furthermore, the central portion of the pallet is designed as a downward-convex hemispherical shape. This hemispherical structure, through its curved geometry, increases the bending stiffness of the pallet's center, reducing deformation under stress. The protruding portion evenly distributes the concentrated load transmitted by the ball-head connector to the pallet's edges, preventing cracking or denting due to excessive localized stress. This is particularly suitable for high-stress tunnels, extending the pallet's service life.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the advantages of this utility model are as follows: In this technical solution, the anchor is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the anchor cable, and the ball-head connector is abutted in the connection hole, ensuring a stable abutment state. When the roadway is affected by mining pressure, rock strata displacement, or rockburst, the ball-head connector can drive the anchor cable to rotate in the connection hole, achieving self-alignment and effectively reducing stress peaks generated at the contact surface between the anchor and the tray. This design makes the anchor cable less susceptible to shear failure under sudden loads. Through the action of the ball-head connector, an elastic contact is formed between the anchor and the tray, and the rotation function of the ball-head connector in the connection hole achieves automatic self-alignment, further ensuring the safety and reliability of the anchor cable under complex working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ball joint connector in a specific embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ball joint connector in a specific embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Support body; 2. Tray; 21. Connecting hole; 3. Anchor cable; 4. Anchor; 41. Conical hole; 5. Ball head connector; 51. Discharge chute; 52. Wear-resistant layer; 53. Support layer; 54. Buffer layer; 55. Connecting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0024] A self-aligning, shear-resistant mining anchor cable assembly, such as Figure 1 As shown, the support includes a tray 2, an anchor cable 3, and an anchor 4. The tray 2 is located below the support body 1. The anchor cable 3 passes through the borehole and is anchored deep in the rock strata. The exposed end of the anchor cable 3 passes through the tray 2 and is connected to the anchor 4. The anchor 4 is located below the tray 2 and is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the anchor cable 3. The anchor 4 can transmit the preload of the anchor cable 3 to the support body 1 through the tray 2.

[0025] In this specific embodiment, the pallet 2 adopts the following structure: The pallet 2 is generally disc-shaped and is positioned below the support body 1. Its edge plane completely abuts against the bottom of the support body 1, forming a stable annular support base. The middle part of the pallet 2 is a downward-protruding hemispherical structure, which allows a hemispherical cavity to be formed between the middle part of the pallet 2 and the support body 1. A connecting hole 21 is provided at the center of the pallet 2, and a lubricating coating is provided on the inner wall of the connecting hole 21 to reduce frictional resistance and reduce wear. The exposed end of the anchor cable 3 passes through the connecting hole 21 and is fixedly connected to the anchor 4. The geometry of the connecting hole 21 is a hemispherical shape with a larger inner diameter at the bottom and a smaller inner diameter at the top. A ball-head connector 5 is provided in the connecting hole 21. The ball-head connector 5 is located between the pallet 2 and the anchor 4, serving as an intermediate medium for force transmission. It can transmit the preload applied by the anchor 4 to the pallet 2, and then the pallet 2 distributes the force through its edges and transmits it to the support body 1, ensuring uniform load distribution.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the top of the ball-head connector 5 is provided with a through-hole 55. The ball-head connector 5 is sleeved on the outside of the anchor cable 3 through the through-hole 55 to achieve coaxial assembly with the anchor cable 3. The top and bottom of the ball-head connector 5 are both flat, and the sidewall of the ball-head connector 5 is a spherical surface with the same shape as the inner wall of the connecting hole 21. It rotates and fits with the inner wall of the connecting hole 21 to form a flexibly rotatable spherical substructure. The sidewall of the ball-head connector 5 is provided with a discharge groove 51. The groove extends from the top to the bottom along the spherical surface, and at least two grooves are provided. In this embodiment, four discharge grooves 51 are provided. All discharge grooves 51 are evenly distributed at equal angles around the axis of the ball-head connector 5. When the roadway encounters mining pressure, rock strata displacement, or rockburst, the ball-head connector 5 can drive the anchor cable 3 to rotate in the connecting hole 21 to achieve self-aligning deflection, thereby alleviating the stress concentration problem at the contact surface between the anchor 4 and the tray 2. Meanwhile, the discharge chute 51 can guide foreign objects such as dust and rock chips to be discharged along the outer wall of the ball head connector 5, avoiding the accumulation of foreign objects that could cause the ball head connector 5 to jam, and ensuring that it can rotate freely and self-align when the rock strata shift.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, the ball joint connector 5 adopts a three-layer composite structure design: the inner layer is a buffer layer 54, made of elastic material, which absorbs the instantaneous stress generated by rock strata displacement or impact pressure by utilizing the material's deformation capacity, reducing the rigid impact between the anchor cable 3 and the tray 2, and allowing the anchor cable 3 to have a certain degree of eccentricity, reducing the influence of bending moment. The outer layer of the buffer layer 54 is a support layer 53, which adopts an aluminum alloy honeycomb skeleton structure. Through the orderly arranged hexagonal honeycomb structure, it provides rigid support for the buffer layer 54 without significantly increasing its weight, preventing it from excessively deforming and becoming unstable under high loads, while optimizing stress distribution. The outer layer of the support layer 53 is a wear-resistant layer 52, made of steel material. Utilizing its high hardness and wear resistance, it directly bears the contact force and friction load with the inner wall of the connection hole 21, improving the durability of the ball joint connector 5 in the harsh downhole environment.

[0028] Anchor 4 is located below ball-head connector 5 and is cylindrical in shape. The top of anchor 4 abuts against the bottom of ball-head connector 5, forming a stable force transmission interface. A through-hole conical hole 41 is provided at the top of anchor 4. The inner diameter of the conical hole 41 gradually increases from the top to the bottom of anchor 4. Multiple wedge-shaped blocks are inserted into the hole, and these wedge-shaped blocks are evenly distributed at equal angles around the axis of anchor 4. By engaging with the tapered shape of the conical hole 41, the anchor cable 3 is locked in place. The wedge-shaped blocks do not completely fill the conical hole 41; the reserved gaps provide offset space for anchor cable 3 in the event of displacement or impact of the surrounding rock in the roadway. This, combined with the self-aligning function of ball-head connector 5, further reduces the risk of shearing of anchor cable 3 and improves the reliability and impact resistance of the entire anchor cable 3 assembly under complex working conditions.

[0029] The specific usage process of this utility model is as follows: First, place the tray 2 horizontally below the support body 1, ensuring that its edge annular plane is completely in contact with the bottom of the support body 1 to form a stable support reference surface. Then, vertically pass the exposed end of the anchor cable 3, which is anchored deep in the rock strata, through the central connecting hole 21 of the tray 2, leaving sufficient length for component installation. In sequence, fit the ball-head connector 5 and the anchor 4 onto the exposed end of the anchor cable 3: the ball-head connector 5 is coaxially fitted with the anchor cable 3 through the top connecting hole 55, and its spherical sidewall fits against the hemispherical curved surface of the inner wall of the connecting hole 21; the anchor 4 is fitted onto the outermost side of the anchor cable 3, located below the ball-head connector 5. Pre-tensioning force is applied to the anchor cable 3 using a tensioning device, pushing the anchor 4 upward to move it along the axial direction of the anchor cable 3. This causes the ball-head connector 5 to move upward simultaneously until its top plane abuts against the upper end of the connecting hole 21, and its bottom tightly contacts the top of the anchor 4. Finally, multiple wedge blocks are evenly inserted into the conical hole 41 at the top of the anchor 4. The conical hole 41 expands in diameter, causing the wedge blocks to contract radially. The anchor 4 is locked by mechanically engaging with the surface of the anchor cable 3 through the toothed grooves. At this point, the pre-tensioning force of the anchor cable 3 is transmitted to the ball-head connector 5 via the anchor 4, and then evenly distributed to the support body 1 from the edge of the tray 2, completing the initial construction of the active support.

[0030] When the roadway encounters mining pressure, rock displacement, or rock bursts, the support structure 1 sways or shifts, causing the anchor cable 3 to deviate from its axial direction. The ball-head connector 5, through its spherical rotating pair structure, drives the anchor cable 3 to self-align and deflect at multiple angles within the connection hole 21, converting the non-axial load into a tangential force along the spherical surface, thus preventing the anchor cable 3 from bearing excessive bending moment. Simultaneously, the off-center load is transmitted to the inner buffer layer 54 through the bottom of the ball-head connector 5. The buffer layer 54 deforms to absorb the instantaneous impact energy, mitigating the rigid collision between the anchor 4 and the tray 2. The aluminum alloy honeycomb skeleton support layer 53 provides uniform rigid support to the buffer layer 54 through its hexagonal honeycomb structure and assists in dissipating energy. The steel wear-resistant layer 52 resists rotational friction and compression. The discharge chute 51 on the side wall of the ball-head connector 5 simultaneously guides dust and rock debris to be discharged along the axial channel, preventing foreign objects from getting stuck, ensuring the stability and reliability of the support system under dynamic loads, and effectively suppressing large deformation damage of the surrounding rock.

[0031] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: In this specific embodiment, the anchor is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the anchor cable, and the ball-head connector abuts against the connection hole, ensuring a stable abutment state. When the roadway is affected by mining pressure, rock strata displacement, or rockburst, the ball-head connector can drive the anchor cable to rotate within the connection hole, achieving self-alignment and effectively reducing stress peaks generated at the contact surface between the anchor and the tray. This design makes the anchor cable less susceptible to shear failure under sudden loads. Through the action of the ball-head connector, an elastic contact is formed between the anchor and the tray, and the rotation function of the ball-head connector within the connection hole achieves automatic self-alignment, further ensuring the safety and reliability of the anchor cable under complex working conditions.

[0032] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A self-aligning, shear-resistant mining anchor cable assembly, comprising a tray (2), an anchor cable (3), and an anchor (4), wherein a connecting hole (21) is provided at the center of the tray (2), the anchor cable (3) is installed in the connecting hole (21), and the anchor (4) is located below the tray (2), and the anchor (4) is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the anchor cable (3), characterized in that, The connecting hole (21) is set as a hemispherical shape. Inside the connecting hole (21) is a ball head connector (5) that is sleeved on the outside of the anchor cable (3). The ball head connector (5) is located between the tray (2) and the anchor (4), and the side wall of the ball head connector (5) is rotated and fitted with the inner wall of the connecting hole (21). A lubricating coating is provided on the inner wall of the connecting hole (21). A discharge groove (51) is provided on the side wall of the ball head connector (5). The discharge groove (51) extends along the side wall of the ball head connector (5) from the top of the ball head connector (5) to the bottom of the ball head connector (5). There are at least two discharge grooves (51). All discharge grooves (51) are evenly distributed at equal angles around the axis of the ball head connector (5).

2. The adjustable centering anti-shearing mining cable assembly of claim 1, wherein, The top of the ball joint connector (5) is provided with a through hole (55) that passes through the ball joint connector (5). The inside of the ball joint connector (5) is a buffer layer (54) made of elastic material.

3. The adjustable centering anti-shearing mining cable assembly of claim 2, wherein, The buffer layer (54) is provided with a support layer (53) on the outside, and the support layer (53) adopts an aluminum alloy honeycomb skeleton structure.

4. The adjustable centering anti-shearing mining cable assembly of claim 3, wherein, The support layer (53) is provided with a wear-resistant layer (52) on the outside, and the wear-resistant layer (52) is made of steel.

5. The adjustable centering anti-shearing mining cable assembly of claim 1, wherein, The anchor (4) is located below the ball joint connector (5), and the top of the anchor (4) abuts against the bottom of the ball joint connector (5).

6. The adjustable centering anti-shearing mining cable assembly of claim 5, wherein, The top of the anchor (4) is provided with a conical hole (41) that penetrates the anchor (4), and the inner diameter of the conical hole (41) gradually increases from the top of the anchor (4) to the bottom of the anchor (4).

7. The adjustable centering anti-shearing mining cable assembly of claim 1, wherein, The middle part of the tray (2) is set as a downward-convex hemisphere.

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