A three-dimensional structure shape extractor
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-14
AI Technical Summary
传统的接触式测量多采用单点探针装置，每次只能获取一个点的坐标数据，对于复杂曲面需要多次移动探针并重新定位校准，测量效率低且操作繁琐
[0020]1、速取形，效率高：传统接触式测量需要多次移动探针并重复定位，而本装置通过取形针阵列可一次性拓印出复杂曲面的完整形状。操作人员只需将取形器贴合物体表面并锁定取形针，即可立即获得物体三维轮廓的复制品，大幅减少了测量时间和工作量。
Smart Images
Figure CN224635957U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of contact mechanical measurement, and in particular to a three-dimensional structure shape extractor. Background Technology
[0002] In existing technologies, the measurement of object shape is mainly divided into two categories: contact and non-contact. Traditional contact measurement often uses single-point probe devices, which can only acquire the coordinate data of one point at a time. For complex curved surfaces, multiple probe movements and repositioning and calibration are required, resulting in low measurement efficiency and cumbersome operation. At the same time, most existing mechanical tracing tools are only suitable for copying two-dimensional contours and lack effective means for extracting three-dimensional structures, making it difficult to meet the needs of measuring complex curved surfaces. On the other hand, non-contact measurement usually uses equipment such as optical scanners. Although it can quickly acquire three-dimensional data, when measuring reflective surfaces such as metals or transparent materials, light reflection and refraction can cause measurement errors, affecting the accuracy of the results. In addition, high-precision coordinate measuring machines and optical scanners are expensive and complex to operate, requiring professional personnel for data processing, making them difficult to widely apply in rapid on-site inspections. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a three-dimensional structure shape extractor, which employs an independently extendable shape extractor array and a linkage locking mechanism to achieve one-time tracing and shape extraction of complex curved surfaces.
[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:
[0005] This utility model proposes a three-dimensional shape extractor, including a frame, a shape-taking needle array, and a locking device. The frame is equipped with an adjustment knob. The shape-taking needles are arranged on the same plane, and the surface of each needle is marked with graduations. The head of each needle is equipped with a limiting device. The locking device is arranged corresponding to the shape-taking needles and includes a stop block, a transmission chain, and a gear. The stop block has inner arc-shaped clamping structures at both ends and a gear in the middle. The transmission chain is arranged around the inner side of the frame and meshes with the gear of the stop block. The adjustment knob is connected to the transmission chain and drives the transmission chain to move.
[0006] Specifically, there is at least one shaping needle.
[0007] Specifically, the limiting device includes a straight probe, an extension rod, and a star-shaped probe.
[0008] Specifically, the radius of curvature of the inner arc-shaped clamping structure at both ends of the stop block matches the outer diameter of the forming needle.
[0009] Specifically, the transmission chain is a closed loop chain arranged circumferentially along the frame, and the stop block rotates synchronously through gears.
[0010] Specifically, the adjustment knobs are symmetrically located at both ends of the frame to tension the transmission chain and transmit torque.
[0011] Specifically, the locking device switches between unlocked and locked states by rotating the stop block.
[0012] Specifically, the unlocked state is when the stop block is in the vertical position and the inner arc-shaped clamping structure is separated from the taking needle.
[0013] Specifically, the locking state is when the stop block rotates to a horizontal position, and the inner arc-shaped clamping structure tightly presses against the needle body.
[0014] Specifically, the border is a rectangular frame made of alloy.
[0015] Another aspect of this utility model proposes a method for obtaining the shape of a three-dimensional structure using a three-dimensional structure shape extractor, comprising the following steps:
[0016] a. Place the plane of the shape-taking needle array of the shape-taking device close to the surface of the three-dimensional structure to be measured, so that each shape-taking needle moves to the corresponding position according to the contour of the surface of the structure to be measured;
[0017] b. By operating the adjustment knob, all the stop blocks are rotated synchronously through the transmission chain, from the vertical state to the horizontal state. The inner arc structure at both ends of the stop blocks tightly clamps the corresponding shaping needles, thereby locking the position of all shaping needles.
[0018] c. Remove the shape sensor; the locked array of shape sensors then forms the negative contour of the three-dimensional structure to be measured.
[0019] This device has the following advantages:
[0020] 1. Rapid shape acquisition and high efficiency: Traditional contact measurement requires multiple probe movements and repeated positioning, while this device can imprint the complete shape of complex curved surfaces in one go through an array of forming needles. The operator only needs to place the forming device against the object surface and lock the forming needles to immediately obtain a copy of the object's three-dimensional contour, significantly reducing measurement time and workload.
[0021] 2. Wide Applicability: This utility model adopts a purely mechanical structure, without relying on optical or electronic components, and is therefore not limited by the material and surface characteristics of the object being measured. For reflective surfaces such as metals or transparent materials, optical scanners often struggle to measure accurately, while this shape-taking device effectively avoids light interference through contact imprinting, ensuring the reliability of the measurement results. Furthermore, the device has a simple structure and compact size, allowing it to be used in confined spaces or harsh environments, overcoming the limitations of traditional high-precision instruments that cannot adapt to extreme working conditions.
[0022] 3. Low cost and easy operation: Compared to coordinate measuring machines or optical scanning systems that cost hundreds of thousands of yuan, this 3D shape sensor, manufactured using conventional mechanical parts, can reduce its cost to about 5% of traditional equipment. Furthermore, its operation is extremely simple and intuitive, requiring no professional training or complex data processing software. Operators can master its use after brief instruction, and when reading measurement results, they only need to observe the shape or scale values of the shape sensor array, greatly reducing the barrier to entry and maintenance costs.
[0023] 4. Intuitive and Reliable Measurement Results: The object outline obtained by this device through physical imprinting is a physical model that can be directly observed and compared in hand. This "what you see is what you get" method is more intuitive than electronic data, helping technicians quickly determine the shape error or assembly gap of the measured surface. At the same time, since the position of the profiling pin is fixed after locking, the measurement results will not be distorted due to subsequent data processing or transmission, thus improving the reliability of the measurement results.
[0024] 5. Robust and durable structure: The main components of the device (such as the forming pin, stop block, chain, knob, etc.) are all made of metal or hard engineering plastics, possessing good mechanical strength and wear resistance. They are not easily damaged under normal use and have a long service life. Furthermore, since there are no precision optical components or electronic parts, there are no issues with them being susceptible to vibration or dust, making maintenance very convenient. Attached Figure Description
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one embodiment of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0026] Identical parts are indicated by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, while the terms "bottom surface," "top surface," "inner," and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific part, respectively.
[0027] Figure 1 This is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure shaper in the embodiment;
[0028] Figure 2 This is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the locked state of the three-dimensional structure shaper in the embodiment;
[0029] Figure 3 This is a vertical side view of the three-dimensional structure shaper in the embodiment;
[0030] Figure 4This is a vertical side view of the three-dimensional structure shaper in the locked state in the embodiment;
[0031] The meanings of the reference numerals in the above figures are as follows:
[0032] 1. Border;
[0033] 2. Stop block;
[0034] 3. Drive chain;
[0035] 4. Shaping needle;
[0036] 5. Gears;
[0037] 6. Adjust the knob. Detailed Implementation
[0038] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used in the detailed description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the terms “comprising” and “having” and any variations thereof in the specification, claims and foregoing description of the invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.
[0040] In the description of the specific embodiments of this utility model, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.
[0041] In this invention, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this invention can be combined with other embodiments.
[0042] In the description of this utility model embodiment, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this utility model, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
[0043] Throughout this invention, numerical values represent approximate measurements or limits of a range to cover minute deviations from a given value, as well as embodiments having approximately the mentioned value and embodiments having the exact mentioned value. Except for the working examples provided at the end of the detailed description, all numerical values of parameters, quantities, or conditions in the appended claims should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “about,” regardless of whether “about” actually appears before the numerical value. “About” indicates that the stated numerical value allows for some minute inaccuracy that is somewhat close to the exact value of the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; almost. If the inaccuracy provided by “about” is not otherwise understood in this common sense in the art, then “about” as used in this invention at least indicates a variation that can be produced by common methods of measuring and using such parameters. For example, “about” may include a variation of less than or equal to 5%, optionally less than or equal to 4%, optionally less than or equal to 3%, optionally less than or equal to 2%, optionally less than or equal to 1%, optionally less than or equal to 0.5%, and in some respects, optionally less than or equal to 0.1%.
[0044] Additionally, the disclosure of the range includes the disclosure of all values across the entire range and the disclosure of further subdivided ranges, including the endpoints and subranges given for these ranges.
[0045] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below through examples. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to these examples.
[0046] In existing technologies, the measurement of object shape is mainly divided into two categories: contact and non-contact. Traditional contact measurement often uses single-point probe devices, which can only acquire the coordinate data of one point at a time. For complex curved surfaces, multiple probe movements and repositioning and calibration are required, resulting in low measurement efficiency and cumbersome operation. At the same time, most existing mechanical tracing tools are only suitable for copying two-dimensional contours and lack effective means for extracting three-dimensional structures, making it difficult to meet the needs of measuring complex curved surfaces. On the other hand, non-contact measurement usually uses equipment such as optical scanners. Although it can quickly acquire three-dimensional data, when measuring reflective surfaces such as metals or transparent materials, light reflection and refraction can cause measurement errors, affecting the accuracy of the results. In addition, high-precision coordinate measuring machines and optical scanners are expensive and complex to operate, requiring professional personnel for data processing, making them difficult to widely apply in rapid on-site inspections.
[0047] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a three-dimensional structure shape extractor, which employs an independently extendable shape extractor array and a linkage locking mechanism to achieve one-time tracing and shape extraction of complex curved surfaces.
[0048] The technical solution of this utility model is shown in the embodiment:
[0049] Example
[0050] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this utility model proposes a three-dimensional shape extractor, including a frame 1, an array of shape-taking needles 4, and a locking device; the frame 1 is provided with an adjustment knob 6; the shape-taking needles 4 are arranged on the same plane, and the surface of the shape-taking needles 4 is provided with a scale, and the head of the shape-taking needles 4 is provided with a limiting device; the locking device is provided corresponding to the shape-taking needles 4, and the locking device includes a stop block 2, a transmission chain 3, and a gear 5; wherein: the stop block 2 is provided with an inner arc-shaped clamping structure at both ends, and the gear 5 is provided in the middle; the transmission chain 3 is arranged around the inner side of the frame 1 and meshes with the gear 5 of the stop block 2; the adjustment knob 6 is connected to the transmission chain 3 and drives the transmission chain 3 to move.
[0051] In one feasible implementation, there is at least one shaping needle 4.
[0052] In one feasible implementation, the limiting device includes a straight probe, an extension rod, and a star-shaped probe.
[0053] In one feasible implementation, the radius of curvature of the inner arc-shaped clamping structure at both ends of the stop block 2 matches the outer diameter of the forming needle 4.
[0054] In this embodiment, the array of shaping needles 4 is arranged on the same plane, including at least n (n≥1) shaping needles 4 extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane.
[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the sampling needles 4 are densely arranged in a matrix to cover various areas of the surface to be measured. The length of each sampling needle 4 can be automatically adjusted according to the height of the surface to be measured, and the needle body is marked for easy reading of the height value at each point. The head (measuring end) of the sampling needle 4 is provided with a limiting device to prevent the sampling needle 4 from falling out of the device when locked. For example, the limiting device can be an enlarged boss or a retaining ring at the tip of the sampling needle 4. When the sampling needle 4 is pulled backward, the boss will abut against the corresponding structure on the device, thereby limiting the maximum extension length of the sampling needle 4. This design ensures that all sampling needles 4 remain on the device during the printing process and will not fall off due to the complex shape of the surface being measured.
[0056] The working principle of the forming needle array 4 is as follows: When the forming surface of the forming device (i.e., the plane where the tips of the forming needles 4 are located) is attached to the three-dimensional surface of the object to be measured, each forming needle 4 will automatically extend and retract according to the height of the contact point until the tip of each needle is in contact with the object surface. Since the forming needles 4 are independent of each other and can move freely, the array can adaptively replicate the undulating contour of the object surface. After the attachment is completed, the position of all forming needles 4 is fixed simultaneously by the locking device, thus obtaining the negative contour of the three-dimensional structure of the object surface. After removing the forming device, the shape of the object surface can be seen intuitively by observing the locked forming needle array 4, and specific dimensional data can also be obtained by reading the scale.
[0057] In one feasible implementation, the transmission chain 3 is a closed loop chain arranged circumferentially along the frame 1, and the stop block 2 is rotated synchronously by the gear 5.
[0058] In one feasible implementation, the adjustment knobs 6 are symmetrically located at both ends of the frame 1 to tension the transmission chain 3 and transmit torque.
[0059] In one feasible implementation, the locking device switches between unlocked and locked states by rotating the stop block 2.
[0060] In one feasible implementation, the unlocked state is such that the stop block 2 is in the vertical position, and the inner arc-shaped clamping structure is separated from the forming needle 4.
[0061] In one feasible implementation, the locking state rotates the stop block 2 to a horizontal position, and the inner arc-shaped clamping structure presses the needle body of the forming needle 4 tightly.
[0062] In some preferred embodiments, the locking mechanism operates as follows: When the prosthesis 4 is not yet locked, the stop block 2 is in a vertical state, and its arc-shaped latches at both ends are away from the prosthesis 4, allowing the prosthesis 4 to extend and retract freely. Once the prosthesis 4 is in position against the object surface, the operator drives the transmission chain 3 through the adjustment mechanism, thereby causing all stop blocks 2 to rotate synchronously. The stop block 2 gradually rotates from a vertical state to a horizontal state, and its arc-shaped structures at both ends rotate accordingly and tightly adhere to the corresponding prosthesis 4 body. Because the shape of the arc-shaped latches matches the needle body, when the stop block 2 is completely horizontal, its two ends firmly clamp the prosthesis 4, preventing the prosthesis 4 from moving up and down, thus achieving synchronous locking of the positions of all prosthesis 4. The limiting device at the head of the prosthesis 4 also functions at this time, preventing the prosthesis 4 from slipping out of the stop block 2 when clamped and locked. When it is necessary to unlock, the reverse operation of the adjustment mechanism will return the transmission chain 3 to its original position, and the stop block 2 will rotate back to the vertical position and disengage from the forming needle 4, thus allowing the forming needle 4 to return to its free extension and retraction state.
[0063] In one feasible implementation, the border 1 is a rectangular frame made of alloy.
[0064] Another aspect of this utility model proposes a method for obtaining the shape of a three-dimensional structure using a three-dimensional structure shape extractor, comprising the following steps:
[0065] a. Place the plane of the array of shaping needles 4 of the shaping device close to the surface of the three-dimensional structure to be measured, so that each shaping needle 4 moves to the corresponding position according to the contour of the surface of the structure to be measured;
[0066] b. Operate the adjustment knob 6 to drive all the stop blocks 2 to rotate synchronously through the transmission chain 3, rotating from the vertical state to the horizontal state. The inner arc structure at both ends of the stop block 2 tightly clamps the corresponding shaping needle 4, thereby locking the position of all the shaping needle 4.
[0067] c. Remove the shape sensor, and the locked shape sensor array 4 forms the negative shape profile of the three-dimensional structure to be measured.
[0068] This device has the following advantages:
[0069] 1. Rapid shape acquisition and high efficiency: Traditional contact measurement requires multiple probe movements and repeated positioning, while this device can imprint the complete shape of complex curved surfaces in one go through an array of forming needles. The operator only needs to place the forming device against the object surface and lock the forming needles to immediately obtain a copy of the object's three-dimensional contour, significantly reducing measurement time and workload.
[0070] 2. Wide Applicability: This utility model adopts a purely mechanical structure, without relying on optical or electronic components, and is therefore not limited by the material and surface characteristics of the object being measured. For reflective surfaces such as metals or transparent materials, optical scanners often struggle to measure accurately, while this shape-taking device effectively avoids light interference through contact imprinting, ensuring the reliability of the measurement results. Furthermore, the device has a simple structure and compact size, allowing it to be used in confined spaces or harsh environments, overcoming the limitations of traditional high-precision instruments that cannot adapt to extreme working conditions.
[0071] 3. Low cost and easy operation: Compared to coordinate measuring machines or optical scanning systems that cost hundreds of thousands of yuan, this 3D shape sensor, manufactured using conventional mechanical parts, can reduce its cost to about 5% of traditional equipment. Furthermore, its operation is extremely simple and intuitive, requiring no professional training or complex data processing software. Operators can master its use after brief instruction, and when reading measurement results, they only need to observe the shape or scale values of the shape sensor array, greatly reducing the barrier to entry and maintenance costs.
[0072] 4. Intuitive and Reliable Measurement Results: The object outline obtained by this device through physical imprinting is a physical model that can be directly observed and compared in hand. This "what you see is what you get" method is more intuitive than electronic data, helping technicians quickly determine the shape error or assembly gap of the measured surface. At the same time, since the position of the profiling pin is fixed after locking, the measurement results will not be distorted due to subsequent data processing or transmission, thus improving the reliability of the measurement results.
[0073] 5. Robust and durable structure: The main components of the device (such as the forming pin, stop block, chain, knob, etc.) are all made of metal or hard engineering plastics, possessing good mechanical strength and wear resistance. They are not easily damaged under normal use and have a long service life. Furthermore, since there are no precision optical components or electronic parts, there are no issues with them being susceptible to vibration or dust, making maintenance very convenient.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional structure form taker characterized by comprising: Includes frame, shaping pin, and locking device; The frame is equipped with an adjustment knob; The forming needles are arranged on the same plane, and the surface of the forming needles is marked with scales. The head of the forming needles is provided with a limiting device. The locking device is configured corresponding to the protruding needle, and the locking device includes a stop block, a transmission chain, and gears; wherein: The stop block has an inner arc-shaped clamping structure at both ends and a gear in the middle; The transmission chain is arranged around the inner side of the frame and meshes with the gear of the stop block; The adjustment knob is connected to the transmission chain, driving the transmission chain to move.
2. The three-dimensional structure former according to claim 1, wherein There is at least one shaping needle.
3. The three-dimensional structure former of claim 1, wherein The limiting device includes a straight probe, an extension rod, and a star-shaped probe.
4. The three-dimensional structure former of claim 1, wherein The radius of curvature of the inner arc-shaped clamping structure at both ends of the stop block matches the outer diameter of the forming needle.
5. The three-dimensional structure former of claim 1, wherein The transmission chain is a closed loop chain, arranged circumferentially along the frame, and the stop block rotates synchronously via gears.
6. The three-dimensional structure former of claim 1, wherein The adjustment knobs are symmetrically located at both ends of the frame, tensioning the transmission chain and transmitting torque.
7. The three-dimensional structure shape extractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking device switches between unlocked and locked states by rotating the stop block.
8. The three-dimensional structure former of claim 7, wherein The unlocked state is when the stop block is in the vertical position and the inner arc-shaped clamping structure is separated from the taking needle.
9. The three-dimensional structure formwor according to claim 7, wherein The locking state is when the stop block rotates to the horizontal position, and the inner arc-shaped clamping structure tightly presses against the needle body.
10. The three-dimensional structure formwor according to claim 1, wherein The border is a rectangular frame made of alloy.