A battery pack and energy storage system

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of energy storage technology and discloses a battery pack and energy storage system. The battery pack includes multiple battery cells arranged along a first direction. Each battery cell includes a housing, multiple cell packs, and multiple liquid cooling plates. The housing has an open receiving cavity, and the multiple cell packs are arranged in the receiving cavity along a second direction. Each liquid cooling plate is sandwiched between two adjacent cell packs. The housing has circuit plugs at both ends along the first direction, which are connected to the cell packs. The cell packs of two adjacent battery cells are electrically connected through the circuit plugs. Each liquid cooling plate has water channel plugs at both ends along the first direction. The liquid cooling plates of two adjacent battery cells are connected through the water channel plugs. This battery pack has a small size, which facilitates transportation and maintenance. The battery pack has a good cooling effect on the cell packs, and the temperature uniformity of the cell packs is good during operation, which is conducive to the complete release of power by the battery pack and extends the service life of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and in particular to a battery pack and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage containers are commonly used outdoor energy storage devices. Existing energy storage containers typically house multiple battery clusters within their battery compartments. Each cluster comprises multiple vertically distributed battery packs, with typical dimensions of 800mm*270mm*2200mm, resulting in a substantial weight, reaching up to 0.5 tons. The assembly and disassembly of energy storage containers require large machinery, making installation and maintenance challenging. Furthermore, existing battery boxes utilize a bottom-mounted cooling plate for heat dissipation. This method results in temperature stratification between the top and bottom, with extreme temperature differences reaching 10℃. This significant temperature difference greatly impacts the internal electrode plates, causing inconsistent electrochemical reactions and preventing the battery box from fully discharging its charge, thus shortening its lifespan. Utility Model Content

[0003] The first objective of this invention is to provide a battery pack with a small size, which facilitates transportation and maintenance. The battery pack also has a good cooling effect on the cell pack, resulting in good temperature uniformity of the cell pack during operation. This is beneficial for the battery pack to fully release its power and extend its service life.

[0004] The second objective of this invention is to provide an energy storage system that is easier to assemble and maintain, and has higher temperature uniformity inside the energy storage container, which is beneficial for the battery pack to fully release its power and extend the battery pack's lifespan.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This utility model discloses a battery pack, including multiple battery cells arranged along a first direction. Each battery cell includes: a housing having an open receiving cavity; multiple cell packs arranged along a second direction within the receiving cavity; and multiple liquid cooling plates, each liquid cooling plate sandwiched between two adjacent cell packs. The housing has circuit plugs at both ends along the first direction, the circuit plugs being connected to the cell packs, and the cell packs of two adjacent battery cells are electrically connected through the circuit plugs. Each liquid cooling plate has water channel plugs at both ends along the first direction; the liquid cooling plates of two adjacent battery cells are connected through the water channel plugs.

[0007] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling plate has a plurality of liquid cooling channels arranged along the first direction, and the arrangement density of the liquid cooling channels in the middle of the liquid cooling plate is greater than the arrangement density of the liquid cooling channels at both ends of the liquid cooling plate.

[0008] In some embodiments, in two adjacent battery cells, the water circuit plug on one battery cell includes a male water circuit connector, and the water circuit plug on the other battery cell includes a female water circuit connector.

[0009] In some embodiments, in two adjacent battery cells, the circuit plug on one battery cell includes a male circuit connector, and the circuit plug on the other battery cell includes a female circuit connector.

[0010] In some embodiments, the housing includes a sheet metal shell and two end plates, the two end plates being fixed to both ends of the sheet metal shell along the first direction, and the circuit plug being disposed on the end plates.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, each of the sheet metal shells is provided with a locking structure at its end along the first direction, and the shells of two adjacent battery cells are locked by the locking structure.

[0012] In some more specific embodiments, the locking structure includes a connecting portion connected to the sheet metal shell and a hook portion connected to the connecting portion, wherein the hook portions of two adjacent battery cells are connected in a cooperative manner.

[0013] This utility model also discloses an energy storage system, comprising: a container having a battery compartment and an electrical compartment; multiple battery packs arranged in multiple rows and columns in the battery compartment, the battery packs being able to enter and exit the battery compartment along a first direction, a second direction being a row direction, and a third direction being a column direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction being perpendicular to each other; a liquid cooling unit located in the electrical compartment, the liquid cooling unit being connected to the liquid cooling plates of the multiple battery packs; and a control module located in the electrical compartment and electrically connected to the multiple battery packs.

[0014] In some embodiments, the water inlet plug on the battery cell of each battery pack located on the front side of the container includes a module water inlet connector and a module water outlet connector; the energy storage system further includes multiple sub-inlet pipes, multiple sub-return pipes, a manifold inlet pipe, and a manifold return pipe, wherein the manifold inlet pipe and the manifold return pipe are respectively connected to the output port and return port of the liquid cooling unit; wherein: the multiple sub-inlet pipes are spaced apart along the third direction, and each sub-inlet pipe is connected to multiple module water inlet connectors along the first direction; the multiple sub-return pipes are spaced apart along the third direction, and each sub-return pipe is connected to multiple module water outlet connectors along the first direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes a fire-fighting module installed in the electrical compartment, the fire-fighting module having multiple fire nozzles; each fire nozzle corresponds to a row of battery packs.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model's battery pack and energy storage system are as follows: This utility model uses a smaller battery pack as the smallest assembly unit, solving the problems of heavy weight and high cost in current on-site operation and maintenance. By disassembling the battery box into multiple battery units and breaking down the existing, long liquid cooling plates into multiple smaller units, the operational surface and distance for system installation and maintenance are reduced. For factory-side user projects, limited, narrow spaces can be utilized, allowing maintenance or installation only at the end face, solving the problem of space constraints. Furthermore, because the liquid cooling plate of the battery unit is located between two cell packs, the heat dissipation area is increased, allowing the liquid cooling plate to be closer to the heat source. This solves the problem of temperature stratification between the upper and lower parts of the cells caused by traditional bottom liquid cooling, which is beneficial for the battery pack to fully release its power and extends its service life.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged diagram showing point A (circled)

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell from another direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 100. Battery pack; 110. Battery cell; 111. Housing; 1111. Sheet metal housing; 1112. End plate; 112. Cell pack; 113. Liquid cooling plate; 114. Water circuit connector; 1141. Male water circuit connector; 1142. Female water circuit connector; 1143. Module water outlet connector; 1144. Module water inlet connector; 115. Circuit connector; 1151. Male circuit connector; 1152. Female circuit connector; 1153. Module positive output connector; 1154. Module negative output connector; 116. Locking structure; 1161. Connecting part; 1162. Hook part;

[0027] 200. Container; 210. Battery compartment; 220. Electrical compartment;

[0028] 300. Liquid cooling unit; 400. Control module; 500. Sub-inlet pipe;

[0029] 600. Sub-return pipe; 700. Manifold inlet pipe; 800. Manifold return pipe;

[0030] 900, Fire Protection Module. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0032] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0034] This utility model discloses a battery pack 100, referenced... Figures 1-3As shown, the battery pack 100 of this embodiment includes a plurality of battery cells 110 arranged along a first direction. Each battery cell 110 includes a housing 111, a plurality of cell packs 112, and a plurality of liquid cooling plates 113. The housing 111 has an open receiving cavity. The plurality of cell packs 112 are arranged in the receiving cavity along a second direction. Each liquid cooling plate 113 is sandwiched between two adjacent cell packs 112. The housing 111 has circuit plugs 115 at both ends along the first direction. The circuit plugs 115 are connected to the cell packs 112. The cell packs 112 of two adjacent battery cells 110 are electrically connected through the circuit plugs 115. Each liquid cooling plate 113 has a water channel plug 114 at both ends along the first direction. The liquid cooling plates 113 of two adjacent battery cells 110 are connected through the water channel plug 114. It is understood that, since the battery pack 100 of this application includes multiple battery cells 110 arranged in a first direction, adjacent battery cells 110 are electrically connected to the cell pack 112 via an electrical connector 115, and the liquid cooling plates 113 of adjacent battery cells 110 are connected via a water connector 114. When installing the battery pack 100 into the energy storage system (which can be an energy storage container 200 or an outdoor energy storage cabinet), the first battery cell 110 is pushed into position, and then the second battery cell 110 is pushed in. The electrical connection and water connection are simultaneously achieved by connecting the electrical connector 115 and the water connector 114, respectively. During operation and maintenance, the operation is reversed: the water connector 114 and the electrical connector 115 of the previous battery cell 110 are unplugged, and the battery is pulled forward. Compared with the existing technology that uses the battery box as the smallest unit, this utility model uses a smaller battery pack 100 as the smallest assembly unit, solving the problems of heavy weight and high cost in current on-site operation and maintenance. The battery pack is disassembled into multiple battery units 110, and the long liquid cooling plate 113 in the prior art is split into multiple parts, reducing the operating surface and distance for system installation and maintenance. For factory user-side projects, limited narrow spaces can be utilized, and maintenance or installation can be carried out only at the end face, solving the problem of space constraints. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this utility model reduces maintenance work to 25% and maintenance operating space to 50%. In addition, since the liquid cooling plate 113 of the battery unit 110 is located between two cell packs 112, the heat dissipation area is increased, and the liquid cooling plate 113 is closer to the heat source, solving the problem of temperature stratification between the upper and lower parts of the cell pack 112 caused by traditional bottom liquid cooling. This is beneficial for the battery pack 100 to fully release its power and extend the service life of the battery pack 100.

[0035] It should be noted that in this embodiment, each battery pack 100 includes two battery cells 110, and each battery cell 110 includes two cell packs 112. Of course, in other embodiments of this utility model, the number of battery cells 110 in each battery pack 100 can be increased according to actual needs, and the number of cell packs 112 in each battery cell 110 can also be increased according to actual needs, and is not limited to the above limitations.

[0036] Optionally, the liquid cooling plate 113 has multiple liquid cooling channels arranged along a first direction, with the arrangement density of the liquid cooling channels in the middle of the liquid cooling plate 113 being greater than that at both ends of the liquid cooling plate 113. It is understood that in actual operation, the temperature in the middle of the battery pack 112 is relatively higher than the temperature on both sides of the battery pack 112. In this embodiment, the arrangement density of the liquid cooling channels in the middle of the liquid cooling plate 113 is greater than that at both ends of the liquid cooling plate 113, resulting in a better liquid cooling effect on the middle of the battery pack 112 by the liquid cooling plate 113. This reduces the large temperature difference between the middle and both ends of the battery pack 112, which is beneficial for the battery pack 112 to fully release its charge and extends the service life of the battery pack 112.

[0037] Optional, see reference Figures 3-5 As shown, in two adjacent battery units 110, the water channel connector 114 on one battery unit 110 includes a male water channel connector 1141, and the water channel connector 114 on the other battery unit 110 includes a female water channel connector 1142. It is understood that in actual assembly and maintenance, simply pushing the battery unit 110 into place will automatically insert the male water channel connector 1141 into the female water channel connector 1142, resulting in a strong connection and eliminating the need for further installation operations, thus facilitating the assembly and maintenance of the battery unit 110.

[0038] It should be further noted that during actual installation, the water pipe connector 114 on the outermost battery unit 110 along the first direction needs to be connected to the liquid cooling unit 300. This water pipe connector 114 is distinct from the others connected to the battery unit 110. It consists of a module inlet connector 1144 and a module outlet connector 1143. The module inlet connector 1144 is connected to the outlet of the liquid cooling unit 300, and the module outlet connector 1143 is connected to the return port of the liquid cooling unit 300. Alternatively, in other embodiments of this invention, the water pipe connector 114 can be a magnetic connector, whereby the two magnetic connectors can directly engage when the front battery unit 110 is pushed into place.

[0039] Optional, see reference Figures 3-5As shown, in two adjacent battery cells 110, the circuit plug 115 on one battery cell 110 includes a male circuit connector 1151, and the circuit plug 115 on the other battery cell 110 includes a female circuit connector 1152. It is understood that in actual assembly and maintenance, simply pushing the battery cell 110 into place will automatically insert the male circuit connector 1151 into the female circuit connector 1152, resulting in a strong connection and eliminating the need for further installation operations, thus facilitating the assembly and maintenance of the battery cell 110.

[0040] It should be further explained that, during actual installation, the circuit plug 115 on the outermost battery unit 110 along the first direction needs to be connected to the control module 400. This circuit plug 115 is distinct from the others connected to the battery unit 110. It consists of a module positive output connector 1153 and a module negative output connector 1154, which are used to output electrical energy and are electrically connected to the control module 400. Alternatively, in other embodiments of this invention, the circuit plug 115 can be a magnetic plug, allowing the two magnetic plugs to directly engage when the front battery unit 110 is pushed into position.

[0041] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the housing 111 includes a sheet metal shell 1111 and two end plates 1112. The two end plates 1112 are fixed to both ends of the sheet metal shell 1111 along a first direction, and the circuit plug 115 is disposed on the end plates 1112. It is understandable that, compared to the technical problems of high system integration costs and expensive molds caused by the sealing of the external casing structure in the prior art, this utility model uses a U-shaped sheet metal shell 1111 and end plates 1112 to fix the cell pack 112 and the liquid cooling plate 113. On the one hand, this greatly reduces the weight of the entire battery unit 110, facilitating the handling, assembly, and maintenance of the battery unit 110; on the other hand, it simplifies the structure of the battery pack 100, simplifies the manufacturing process, and reduces manufacturing costs. It should be further noted that the sheet metal shell 1111 also helps to limit the expansion of the cell pack 112 during operation and provides a temperature uniformity effect, which is beneficial to further reduce the temperature difference of the cell pack 112 and improve system stability. The materials of the sheet metal shell 1111 and the end plate 1112 can be selected according to actual needs, such as aluminum alloy. There is no limitation on the materials of the sheet metal shell 1111 and the end plate 1112 here.

[0042] refer to Figures 4-5As shown, each sheet metal shell 1111 has a locking structure 116 at its end along the first direction. The shells 111 of two adjacent battery units 110 are locked together by the locking structure 116. It can be understood that during installation, once the front battery unit 110 is in place, the shells 111 of two adjacent battery units 110 can be locked together by the locking structure 116, thereby improving the installation stability of the battery pack 100. During disassembly and maintenance, if multiple battery units 110 need to be pulled out simultaneously, simply pull the outermost battery unit 110. If only the outermost battery unit 110 needs to be pulled out, first push the battery unit 110 to disengage the locking structure 116 between adjacent battery units 110, and then pull out the battery unit 110. This allows for disassembly according to maintenance needs, improving user satisfaction.

[0043] Optionally, the locking structure 116 includes a connecting portion 1161 connected to the sheet metal housing 1111 and a hook portion 1162 connected to the connecting portion 1161. The hook portions 1162 of two adjacent battery units 110 are engaged and connected. It is understood that during actual installation, after the rear battery unit 110 is installed in place, the front battery unit 110 is pushed towards the rear battery unit 110. After pushing a certain distance, it is pulled outwards. During this pulling process, the front hook portion 1162 can engage with the rear hook portion 1162 to lock the two battery units 110. During disassembly, the front battery unit 110 is first pushed towards the rear battery unit 110, allowing the front hook portion 1162 to disengage from the rear hook portion 1162. Then, the front battery unit 110 is pulled outwards to disassemble it.

[0044] Alternatively, the connecting portion 1161 is inclined upward relative to the bottom wall of the sheet metal housing 1111. This allows the hook portions 1162 of two adjacent battery cells 110 to be easily locked.

[0045] This utility model also discloses an energy storage system, see reference. Figures 6-7As shown, the energy storage system includes a container 200, the battery packs 100 mentioned above, a liquid cooling unit 300, and a control module 400. The container 200 has a battery compartment 210 and an electrical compartment 220. There are multiple battery packs 100, which are arranged in multiple rows and columns in the battery compartment 210. The battery packs 100 can enter and exit the battery compartment 210 in a first direction, a second direction is the row direction, and a third direction is the column direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are arranged perpendicularly to each other. The liquid cooling unit 300 is located in the electrical compartment 220 and is connected to the liquid cooling plates 113 of the multiple battery packs 100. The control module 400 is located in the electrical compartment 220 and is electrically connected to the multiple battery packs 100. Since the battery cells 110 in the battery pack 100 described above are used as the smallest assembly unit, the assembly and maintenance of this energy storage system is relatively easy. In addition, the temperature uniformity inside the energy storage container 200 is relatively high, which is conducive to the battery pack 100 fully releasing its power and extending the service life of the battery pack 100.

[0046] refer to Figure 4 As shown, the water inlet connector 114 on the battery cell 110 of each battery pack 100 located on the front side of the container 200 includes a module water inlet connector 1144 and a module water outlet connector 1143; Reference Figure 7 As shown, the energy storage system also includes multiple sub-inlet pipes 500, multiple sub-return pipes 600, a manifold inlet pipe 700, and a manifold return pipe 800. The manifold inlet pipe 700 and the manifold return pipe 800 are respectively connected to the output port and return port of the liquid chiller unit 300. The multiple sub-inlet pipes 500 are spaced apart along a third direction, and each sub-inlet pipe 500 is connected to multiple module water inlet connectors 1144 along a first direction. The multiple sub-return pipes 600 are spaced apart along a third direction, and each sub-return pipe 600 is connected to multiple module water outlet connectors 1143 along a first direction. Understandably, during actual operation, the cooling medium in the liquid cooling unit 300 flows out of the output port and into the manifold inlet pipe 700, then flows from the manifold inlet pipe 700 into multiple sub-inlet pipes 500, and then into multiple module water inlet connectors 1144. Since the liquid cooling plates 113 of multiple battery cells 110 are connected through the water circuit connector 114, the coolant entering from the module water inlet connector 1144 can cover multiple liquid cooling plates 113 to cool the cell pack 112. Each liquid cooling plate 113... The cooling medium inside plate 113 flows into the module outlet connector 1143 through multiple water pipe connectors 114, then enters the sub-return pipe 600 from the module outlet connector 1143, and finally returns to the liquid cooling unit 300 after being merged in the manifold return pipe 800. This completes the circulation of the cooling medium between the liquid cooling unit 300 and the battery unit 110, which helps to ensure the cooling effect of the battery unit 110, thereby helping the battery unit 110 to fully release its power and extending the service life of the battery unit 110.

[0047] refer to Figures 6-7 As shown, the energy storage system also includes a fire suppression module 900, which is installed inside the electrical compartment 220. The fire suppression module 900 has multiple fire nozzles; each fire nozzle corresponds to a row of battery packs 100. Understandably, in actual operation, when uncontrolled fire spreads, the fire nozzles at the corresponding row positions open to extinguish the fire in the battery packs 100, thereby preventing the energy storage system from catching fire.

[0048] Optionally, the container 200 is equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, which can monitor the temperature and humidity inside the container 200 in real time. When the temperature or humidity inside the container 200 is too high, the user is prompted to carry out maintenance, which can reduce the probability of failure caused by excessive temperature or humidity inside the container 200.

[0049] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0050] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery pack characterized by comprising: It includes a plurality of battery cells (110) arranged along a first direction, each of the battery cells (110) comprising: The housing (111) has an open receiving cavity; Multiple battery cell packs (112) are arranged in the receiving cavity along a second direction; Multiple liquid cooling plates (113), each of which is sandwiched between two adjacent battery packs (112); wherein: The housing (111) has circuit plugs (115) at both ends along the first direction. The circuit plugs (115) are connected to the cell packs (112). The cell packs (112) of two adjacent battery cells (110) are electrically connected through the circuit plugs (115). Each of the liquid cooling plates (113) is provided with a water channel plug (114) at both ends along the first direction; the liquid cooling plates (113) of two adjacent battery cells (110) are connected through the water channel plug (114).

2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The liquid cooling plate (113) has a plurality of liquid cooling channels arranged along the first direction, and the arrangement density of the liquid cooling channels in the middle of the liquid cooling plate (113) is greater than the arrangement density of the liquid cooling channels at both ends of the liquid cooling plate (113).

3. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, In two adjacent battery cells (110), the water circuit plug (114) on one battery cell (110) includes a water circuit male terminal (1141), and the water circuit plug (114) on the other battery cell (110) includes a water circuit female terminal (1142).

4. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, In two adjacent battery cells (110), the circuit plug (115) on one battery cell (110) includes a male circuit plug (1151), and the circuit plug (115) on the other battery cell (110) includes a female circuit plug (1152).

5. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The housing (111) includes a sheet metal shell (1111) and two end plates (1112), the two end plates (1112) are fixed to both ends of the sheet metal shell (1111) along the first direction, and the circuit plug (115) is disposed on the end plates (1112).

6. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein, Each of the sheet metal shells (1111) is provided with a locking structure (116) at its end along the first direction, and the shells (111) of two adjacent battery cells (110) are locked by the locking structure (116).

7. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein, The locking structure (116) includes a connecting part (1161) connected to the sheet metal shell (1111) and a hook part (1162) connected to the connecting part (1161), and the hook parts (1162) of two adjacent battery cells (110) are connected together.

8. An energy storage system characterized by, include: The container (200) has a battery compartment (210) and an electrical compartment (220). ； The battery pack according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein there are multiple battery packs arranged in multiple rows and columns in the battery compartment (210), the battery packs are able to enter and exit the battery compartment (210) along a first direction, the second direction is the row direction, the third direction is the column direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are arranged perpendicularly to each other; A liquid cooling unit (300) is provided in the electrical compartment (220) and is connected to a plurality of battery pack liquid cooling plates (113); A control module (400) is located in the electrical compartment (220) and is electrically connected to the plurality of battery packs.

9. The energy storage system of claim 8, wherein, The water connector (114) on the battery cell (110) of each battery pack located on the front side of the container (200) includes a module water inlet connector (1144) and a module water outlet connector (1143); the energy storage system also includes multiple sub-inlet pipes (500), multiple sub-return pipes (600), a manifold inlet pipe (700), and a manifold return pipe (800), wherein the manifold inlet pipe (700) and the manifold return pipe (800) are respectively connected to the output port and return port of the liquid cooling unit (300); wherein: The plurality of said sub-inlet pipes (500) are spaced apart along the third direction, and each said sub-inlet pipe (500) is connected to the plurality of said module water inlet connectors (1144) along the first direction; The plurality of said sub-return pipes (600) are spaced apart along the third direction, and each said sub-return pipe (600) is connected to the plurality of said module water outlet connectors (1143) along the first direction.

10. The energy storage system of claim 8, wherein, The energy storage system also includes a fire-fighting module (900), which is installed in the electrical compartment (220). The fire-fighting module (900) has multiple fire nozzles, and each fire nozzle corresponds to a row of battery packs.

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