An explosion-proof alkaline battery

Abstract

This utility model discloses an explosion-proof alkaline battery, comprising a lithium battery body and an absorption box fixed to its bottom. The side wall of the body has an inclined pressure relief hole; a sealing diaphragm inside the hole ruptures under abnormal internal pressure and connects to the absorption box. The box contains a porous absorption block, and the bottom wall has multiple microporous pressure relief holes. When the internal pressure of the battery increases, a gas-liquid mixture is directionally injected into the absorption box through the pressure relief hole, instantly adsorbed by the absorption block, and smoothly released through the pressure relief holes. Combined with the outer annular heat dissipation structure of the body, this prevents the casing from bursting and spraying fire. This simple structure allows for directional pressure relief, adsorption and flame suppression, and secondary pressure relief, comprehensively improving the safety and reliability of alkaline batteries under long-term storage and extreme operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of alkaline battery technology, specifically to an explosion-proof and flame-retardant alkaline battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of portable electronic devices, alkaline batteries have become widely used due to their high energy density, long shelf life, and low price. Most commercially available alkaline batteries employ a sealed steel casing structure and have a safety pressure relief device (also known as a "ventilation cap" or "safety valve") pre-installed at the top of the positive electrode cap. When the internal gas pressure rises to a set threshold, the ventilation cap or weak sealing area passively ruptures, releasing high-pressure gas and some electrolyte to prevent the battery casing from exploding. For example, existing cylindrical LR6 batteries typically have a cross-shaped crack-prone groove punched in the center of the positive electrode cap; some patent documents also propose adding a groove or fusible strip between the steel casing and the rubber sealing gasket to reduce the opening pressure.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned traditional pressure relief methods still have the following significant shortcomings:

[0004] The pressure relief direction is random and the liquid is sprayed out. Most of the pressure relief holes are located on the top or weak areas of the side wall of the battery. After they rupture, the electrolyte and gas are sprayed out at high pressure in an irregular manner, which can easily splash onto adjacent circuits or the outer surface of the casing, causing corrosion, short circuits and even secondary combustion risks.

[0005] Lack of adsorption and flame retardant measures – existing designs only focus on “rupture and pressure release” without simultaneously incorporating liquid absorption or flame retardant structures. Once the electrolyte escapes, it will come into contact with the air or high-temperature components of the charger, and potential safety hazards remain.

[0006] In summary, the existing explosion-proof structure of alkaline batteries focuses on "single pressure relief" and fails to take into account safety requirements such as directional spraying. Furthermore, the durability of the diaphragm and the flame retardancy of the materials still have significant defects. There is an urgent need for an integrated, highly reliable, and safe solution for the entire life cycle to meet the usage requirements of high-safety-level scenarios such as energy storage, tools, and electric vehicle lights. Utility Model Content

[0007] This utility model aims to solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.

[0008] Therefore, this utility model integrates the pressure relief hole-sealing diaphragm assembly, the absorption box-absorption block assembly, and the heat dissipation structure into a single design: when the lithium battery body experiences an abnormal pressure surge, the sealing diaphragm ruptures first, and the internal gas-liquid mixture is directed into the absorption box through the inclined pressure relief hole; the absorption block instantly adsorbs the electrolyte and gas and suppresses combustion, and the multi-microporous pressure relief hole assists in the smooth discharge of residual gas; combined with the flame-retardant engineering plastic box body and the annular heat dissipation shell, multiple safety protections are achieved.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the following configuration is further provided: an inclined pressure relief hole is machined on the bottom sidewall of the lithium battery body, with the central axis of the pressure relief hole forming an angle of approximately 45° with the central axis of the battery; a sealing diaphragm is tightly fitted inside the pressure relief hole, and the sealing diaphragm is a 30μm-60μm metal burst membrane.

[0010] Specific technical effects: In the instant of abnormal pressure increase, the diaphragm ruptures at a predetermined pressure, and the jet is directed into the absorption box by the inclined orifice wall, avoiding random shell rupture and reducing splash damage.

[0011] The absorption box is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lithium battery body and is filled with porous absorption blocks. The outer surface of the absorption blocks is covered with a heat-resistant and flame-retardant coating to improve the flame-retardant performance under high-temperature spraying conditions.

[0012] Specific technical effects: The absorbent block can instantly adsorb leaked electrolytes and flammable gases, and suppress the risk of ignition and reignition in high-temperature environments.

[0013] The bottom wall of the absorption box has multiple pressure relief holes with a diameter of ≤0.3mm, which are evenly distributed along the length of the box.

[0014] Specific technical effects: When the absorbent block approaches saturation, the pressure relief hole can continue to smoothly discharge residual pressure, preventing secondary high pressure accumulation inside the box.

[0015] The absorption box is made of thermoplastic engineering plastic with flame retardancy and mechanical strength, and the box wall thickness is 0.8mm-1.2mm.

[0016] Specific technical effects: Improve the structural impact resistance and flame retardancy rating, and ensure that the seal and mechanical integrity can be maintained even under long-term storage and multiple thermal shock conditions.

[0017] The outer surface of the lithium battery body has an integrally formed ring-shaped heat dissipation structure with a height of 0.4mm-0.8mm, and the outer ring is made of the same material as the casing.

[0018] Specific technical effects: Increased heat dissipation area, reduced casing temperature rise rate, indirectly slowed internal air pressure rise, and further improved overall safety margin.

[0019] The beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows:

[0020] 1. In this utility model, the bottom of the lithium battery body is provided with a directional pressure relief hole that works with the sealing diaphragm. When the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally, the sealing diaphragm can rupture under a predetermined pressure, allowing the internal gas and electrolyte to be directionally discharged into the absorption box below through the inclined guiding structure. This prevents the battery casing from bursting due to sudden pressure changes, and significantly improves the structural safety and reliability of the battery under extreme conditions such as overcharging, high temperature, or storage failure.

[0021] 2. In this utility model, the absorbent box is equipped with an absorbent block that has liquid and gas absorption functions, which can quickly adsorb and fix the leaked electrolyte and gas, and further release residual pressure through multiple micro-pore pressure relief holes set at the bottom; at the same time, the outer surface of the absorbent block is provided with a flame-retardant coating layer, and the absorbent box body is made of flame-retardant engineering plastic. The overall structure has good heat resistance and flame-suppressing performance, thereby effectively preventing open flame or secondary combustion during the pressure relief process, and further ensuring the safety and environmental adaptability of the battery system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium battery body and the bottom surface of the absorption box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the absorption box according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 100. Lithium battery body; 110. Pressure relief hole; 120. Sealing diaphragm; 200. Absorption box; 210. Pressure relief hole; 220. Absorption block. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features of the present utility model can be combined with each other.

[0028] It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

[0029] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the present invention, providing an explosion-proof alkaline battery.

[0030] like Figures 1-3 As shown, an explosion-proof alkaline battery includes a lithium battery body 100 and an absorption box 200 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lithium battery body 100. The relationship and function of each component are as follows:

[0031] The lithium battery body 100 has a flat cylindrical structure. The outer shell is made of metal and stamped in one piece. Its outer surface is injection molded with a ring-shaped heat dissipation structure, which is not separately numbered. The heat dissipation structure is integrally molded with the shell and is made of the same material. Its height is 0.5 mm, which is used to increase the heat dissipation area and reduce the temperature rise rate of the battery's outer surface.

[0032] A pressure relief hole 110 is machined on the bottom side wall of the lithium battery body 100. The central axis of the pressure relief hole 110 forms an angle of approximately 45 degrees with the central axis of the lithium battery body 100 and is inclined toward the inside of the absorption box 200 to achieve directional pressure relief.

[0033] The pressure relief hole 110 is tightly sealed with a sealing diaphragm 120. The sealing diaphragm 120 is a metal burst membrane, preferably with a thickness of 30 to 60 micrometers, and can be made of aluminum-nickel alloy foil. It can withstand an internal pressure of about one megapascal at room temperature. If the pressure exceeds the set pressure, it will brittlely rupture to release the gas or electrolyte accumulated inside the battery.

[0034] The absorption box 200 has a rectangular concave cavity structure and is fixedly sealed to the bottom of the lithium battery body 100 by laser welding or threaded connection. The main body material of the absorption box 200 is a flame-retardant, high-mechanical-strength thermoplastic engineering plastic, such as polyetheretherketone or polyphenylene sulfide.

[0035] Multiple pressure relief holes 210 are evenly arranged along the length of the bottom wall of the absorption box 200. The diameter of the pressure relief holes 210 is less than 0.3 mm, and five holes are preferably provided. This can maintain a balanced pressure difference inside and outside the absorption box 200 and prevent the absorption medium from leaking out.

[0036] The absorbent box 200 is internally equipped with strip-shaped absorbent blocks 220, the cross-section of which can be rectangular or elliptical, occupying the main cavity space of the absorbent box 200. The absorbent blocks 220 are made of porous materials, with both liquid absorption and gas absorption functions, for example, made of high specific surface area activated carbon particles as the skeleton and inorganic gel as the filling matrix. The outer surface of the absorbent blocks 220 is covered with a heat-resistant and flame-retardant coating layer, which can be an inorganic flame-retardant coating or a ceramic coating to improve the overall flame retardant and high-temperature resistance performance.

[0037] Working principle:

[0038] During battery operation, if overcharging or ambient temperature rise causes a rapid increase in internal battery pressure, and the pressure exceeds the rupture threshold of the sealing diaphragm 120, the sealing diaphragm 120 will rupture first. Electrolyte and gas will then be ejected into the absorber box 200 cavity at an angle through the pressure relief hole 110. The absorber block 220 instantaneously adsorbs the liquid electrolyte and flammable gas, suppressing their escape. If the absorber block 220 becomes saturated after a short period, the remaining pressure is released to the outside through the pressure relief hole 210, thereby preventing the lithium battery casing 100 from bursting and significantly reducing the risk of external open flames or high-temperature splashes.

[0039] Assembly and Manufacturing:

[0040] Pressure relief assembly installation: Pre-drill pressure relief holes 110 on the side wall of the lithium battery body 100 housing, and press-fit or laser-weld a sealing diaphragm 120 with the required thickness into the pressure relief holes 110.

[0041] Absorption box preparation: The absorption box 200 is formed by injection molding. Pressure relief holes 210 are pre-made in the bottom wall mold. After molding, burrs are removed and air tightness is tested.

[0042] Absorbent block assembly: Fill the absorbent block 220 into the absorbent box 200, align it with the outlet of the pressure relief hole 110, and ensure that the jet flow can directly act on the surface of the absorbent block 220.

[0043] Finished product sealing: The absorption box 200 is reliably sealed to the bottom of the lithium battery body 100 by laser welding or adhesive bonding + sealing ring, and finished product air tightness, pressure resistance and thermal shock tests are performed.

[0044] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof alkaline battery, characterized in that, The device includes a lithium battery body (100) and an absorption box (200), wherein the absorption box (200) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lithium battery body (100), characterized in that: The bottom sidewall of the lithium battery body (100) is provided with a pressure relief hole (110), and a sealing diaphragm (120) is provided inside the pressure relief hole (110). The outlet of the pressure relief hole (110) is connected to the inside of the absorption box (200). An absorption block (220) is provided inside the absorption box (200) for adsorbing the electrolyte or gas sprayed out by the pressure relief of the lithium battery body (100). The bottom wall of the absorption box (200) is provided with multiple pressure relief holes (210) for further releasing pressure after the absorption block (220) is saturated.

2. The explosion-proof alkaline battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing diaphragm (120) is a metal bursting membrane with a thickness of 30μm to 60μm, and is made of aluminum-nickel alloy.

3. The explosion-proof alkaline battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief hole (110) has a protruding edge on its surface and is inserted into the absorption box (200) to guide the pressure relief direction into the absorption box (200).

4. The explosion-proof alkaline battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorber block (220) is made of a porous material with liquid absorption and gas adsorption properties.

5. The explosion-proof alkaline battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer surface of the absorbent block (220) has a coating layer to enhance its heat resistance and flame retardancy.

6. The explosion-proof alkaline battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief holes (210) are set to a small size and are evenly distributed along the length of the bottom wall of the absorption box (200). There are multiple pressure relief holes (210).

7. The explosion-proof alkaline battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorption box (200) is made of thermoplastic engineering plastic with flame retardancy and mechanical strength.

8. The explosion-proof alkaline battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the lithium battery body (100) is provided with an integrally formed heat dissipation structure to reduce the rate of temperature rise on the battery surface.

Images