Antennas and vehicles

Abstract

This invention provides an antenna and a vehicle. The antenna includes a radiating patch, a dielectric layer, and a reflective ground. The radiating patch is disposed on a first surface of the dielectric layer, and the reflective ground is disposed on a second surface of the dielectric layer. The radiating patch has radiating slots and a feed point. The radiating slot includes a first slot segment symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiating patch, a second slot segment, and a third slot segment extending from both ends of the first slot segment in a direction parallel to the centerline of the radiating patch, respectively. The lengths of the second and third slot segments are not equal. The feed point is disposed on the centerline of the radiating patch. This antenna has a small thickness, making it suitable for scenarios with limited longitudinal space. It can achieve a dual-resonance mode and achieve circular polarization without requiring a phase difference provided by two feed points.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Satellite communication technology boasts wide coverage, long communication distance, and minimal geographical limitations, making it widely applicable in vehicles and other fields. When satellite communication technology is used in vehicles or other scenarios with limited installation space, the design of miniaturized satellite communication antennas becomes a pressing need. Patch antennas, due to their miniaturization and ease of concealment, are gradually becoming the design trend for automotive satellite communication antennas.

[0003] Existing patch antennas typically consist of two radiating patches, two dielectric layers, and a ground plane. By stacking the two radiating patches and two dielectric layers, two resonant modes are achieved, corresponding to the two frequency bands for satellite communication transmission and reception, respectively. A feed point is located on each of two mutually perpendicular center lines of the patch antenna. A feeding circuit assigns a 90° phase difference to the two feed points, achieving circular polarization of the antenna. This design, employing two radiating patches and dielectric layers, results in a relatively large overall thickness, which is unfavorable in scenarios with limited installation space. The two feed points also increase the complexity of the feeding circuitry. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides an antenna and a vehicle, which aims to improve the problem that antennas with large thickness cannot be adapted to scenarios with limited installation space.

[0005] An antenna includes a radiating patch, a dielectric layer, and a reflective ground;

[0006] The first surface of the dielectric layer is provided with the radiating patch, and the second surface of the dielectric layer is provided with the reflective ground;

[0007] The radiating patch is provided with radiating gaps and feeding points;

[0008] The radiation gap includes a first gap segment symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiation patch, a second gap segment and a third gap segment extending from both ends of the first gap segment in a direction parallel to the centerline of the radiation patch, wherein the length of the second gap segment is not equal to the length of the third gap segment;

[0009] The power supply point is located on the center line of the radiating patch.

[0010] In the aforementioned antenna and vehicle, single-layer radiating patches and single-layer reflective grounds are respectively set on both sides of the dielectric layer, which helps to reduce the antenna thickness and make the antenna suitable for scenarios with limited longitudinal space. The radiating slots include a first slot segment symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiating patch, giving the antenna broadband characteristics and enabling dual-resonance modes, corresponding to the antenna's transmission and reception frequency bands. The radiating slots also include a second slot segment and a third slot segment extending from both ends of the first slot segment. The lengths of the second and third slot segments are unequal, thereby exciting two orthogonal modes. These two orthogonal modes have the same amplitude and a 90° phase difference at a specific frequency, satisfying the condition for circular polarization and achieving circular polarization of the antenna. Furthermore, the radiating slots are not symmetrical, with a single feed point set on the centerline of the radiating patch, ensuring that the distance from the feed point to the second and third slot segments is equal, avoiding the introduction of new phase differences due to unequal distances, which could affect the antenna's impedance matching effect.

[0011] In one embodiment, the radiation gap further includes a fourth gap segment extending from the end of the second gap segment in a direction away from the centerline of the radiation patch, and a fifth gap segment extending from the end of the third gap segment in a direction away from the centerline of the radiation patch.

[0012] In this embodiment, a fourth slot extends from the end of the second slot segment, and a fifth slot extends from the end of the third slot segment, forming two bend structures. While meeting the requirements for circular polarization of the antenna, the length of the slot segment along the center line of the radiating patch can be shorter, which helps to reduce the overall length of the radiating antenna and thus make the size of the radiating patch smaller to meet the design requirements of miniaturization.

[0013] In one embodiment, the shape of the first gap segment is any one of a straight line, a circular arc, an elliptical arc, and a parabolic arc;

[0014] The shape of the fourth gap segment is any one of the following: straight, circular arc, elliptical arc, and parabolic arc.

[0015] The shape of the fifth gap segment can be any one of the following: straight, circular, elliptical, or parabolic.

[0016] In this embodiment, the shapes of the first, fourth, and fifth slot segments can all be any one of the following: straight, circular, elliptical, and parabolic. The shapes of the three can be the same or different. The specific shapes can be adjusted according to the antenna simulation test, so that the selected shapes, combined with the shapes and sizes of other structures, enable the antenna to achieve dual resonance mode and circular polarization requirements, and the antenna determined by the simulation test has good impedance matching.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first gap segment, the fourth gap segment, and the fifth gap segment are all semi-circular arc-shaped;

[0018] The opening direction of the first gap segment is opposite to the opening direction of the fourth gap segment, and the opening direction of the first gap segment is opposite to the opening direction of the fifth gap segment.

[0019] In this embodiment, the first, fourth, and fifth slit segments are all semi-circular arcs, and the opening direction of the first slit segment is defined to be opposite to that of the other two. This makes it easier to ensure that the widths of the multiple slit segments of the radiation slit are consistent, thus avoiding the impact on impedance matching effect caused by different widths of slit segments at different locations.

[0020] In one embodiment, the height of the radiating patch is the product of the width of the radiating patch and (1+k1);

[0021] The value of k1 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value of k1 ranges from 0.5% to 3.5%.

[0022] This parameter setting allows the radiating patch to be nearly square, making the electric fields generated by the antenna in the two vertical directions as consistent as possible, which helps to achieve circular polarization of the antenna. Moreover, since the radiating slots disrupt the symmetry of the radiating patch, they need to be adjusted by size difference, which helps to make the antenna radiation pattern symmetrical along the central axis, so that the direction above the center of the antenna is the direction of maximum gain.

[0023] In one embodiment, the width of the radiating slit is the product of the width of the radiating patch and k2;

[0024] The value of k2 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value of k2 is 9% to 12%.

[0025] This parameter setting, given a fixed thickness of the dielectric layer, dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and target frequency band, avoids impedance matching deviation of the antenna, thus preventing it from affecting the impedance matching effect.

[0026] In one embodiment, the first slit segment is semi-circular in shape, and the diameter of the first slit segment is the product of the width of the radiating patch and k3.

[0027] The value of k3 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value range of k3 is 23% to 26%.

[0028] This parameter setting, given the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, helps to ensure the formation of two resonant modes (transmitting frequency band and receiving frequency band) that conform to the target frequency band, and avoids the impedance matching effect being affected by the value of k3 not being within the above range.

[0029] In one embodiment, the length difference between the second slit segment and the third slit segment is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k4;

[0030] The value of k4 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, the target frequency band, and the target axial ratio, and the value of k4 ranges from 22% to 25%.

[0031] Since the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band affect the impedance matching effect of the antenna, while the target axial ratio affects the circular polarization effect of the antenna, this parameter setting can make the antenna meet the requirements of both impedance matching effect and circular polarization effect.

[0032] In one embodiment, the shortest distance from the first slit segment along the centerline of the radiating patch to the edge of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k5;

[0033] The value of k5 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value of k5 is 27% to 30%.

[0034] This parameter setting, given a fixed thickness of the dielectric layer, dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and target frequency band, can prevent impedance matching deviation of the antenna and ensure the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0035] In one embodiment, the shortest distance from the feed point to the edge of the radiating patch along the direction of the center line of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k6;

[0036] The value of k6 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value of k6 is 27% to 30%.

[0037] This parameter setting, given a fixed thickness of the dielectric layer, dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and target frequency band, can prevent impedance matching deviation of the antenna and ensure the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0038] In one embodiment, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 3mm to 4mm, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is 2 to 3, the target frequency band is 1960MHz to 2246MHz, the target axial ratio is less than 4dB at an elevation angle of 60°, and the area of ​​the radiating patch is 2250mm². 2~2450mm 2 ;

[0039] The height of the radiating patch is the product of the width of the radiating patch and (1+k1), where k1 ranges from 0.5% to 3.5%.

[0040] The width of the radiation gap is the product of the width of the radiation patch and k2, where k2 ranges from 9% to 12%.

[0041] The first slit segment is semi-circular in shape, and its diameter is the product of the width of the radiating patch and k3, where k3 ranges from 23% to 26%.

[0042] The length difference between the second slit segment and the third slit segment is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k4, where k4 ranges from 22% to 25%.

[0043] The shortest distance from the first gap segment along the center line of the radiating patch to the edge of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k5, where k5 is 27% to 30%.

[0044] The shortest distance from the feed point along the center line of the radiating patch to the edge of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k6, where k6 is 27% to 30%.

[0045] Based on the simulation calculations of parameters such as the width of the radiating patch, the height of the radiating patch, the width of the radiating slot, the diameter of the first slot segment, the length difference between the lengths of the second and third slot segments, and the two shortest distances, the overall design of the radiating patch is completed. This ensures that the antenna can achieve impedance matching in the target frequency band, enabling it to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the corresponding frequency band, and ensuring the circular polarization effect of the antenna.

[0046] This application provides an embodiment of a vehicle that includes the antenna described above. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a top view of an antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 3 This is another top view of an antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a top view of an antenna provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a top view of an antenna provided in yet another embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 6 This is the gain of the antenna in one embodiment of this application at different frequencies and under different polarization states;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a curve showing the change of the axial ratio of the antenna with the azimuth angle at different elevation angles in one embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a curve showing the return loss of the antenna as a function of frequency in one embodiment of this application.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Radiation patch; 10. Radiation slit; 11. First slit segment; 12. Second slit segment; 13. Third slit segment; 14. Fourth slit segment; 15. Fifth slit segment; 2. Dielectric layer; 3. Reflective ground. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0057] This application provides an antenna, such as... Figures 1-5 As shown, it includes a radiating patch 1, a dielectric layer 2, and a reflective ground 3; the first surface of the dielectric layer 2 is provided with the radiating patch 1, and the second surface of the dielectric layer 2 is provided with the reflective ground 3; the radiating patch 1 is provided with a radiating slot 10 and a feed point P; the radiating slot 10 includes a first slot segment 11 symmetrically arranged based on the center line of the radiating patch 1, a second slot segment 12 and a third slot segment 13 extending from both ends of the first slot segment 11 in a direction parallel to the center line of the radiating patch 1, the lengths of the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 are not equal; the feed point P is located on the center line of the radiating patch 1.

[0058] As an example, the antenna includes a radiating patch 1, a dielectric layer 2, and a reflective ground 3. The radiating patch 1 and the reflective ground 3 are respectively disposed on two surfaces of the radiating patch 1. For example, the radiating patch 1 can be disposed on the first surface (e.g., the upper surface) of the dielectric layer 2, and the radiating patch 1 can be disposed on the second surface (e.g., the lower surface) of the dielectric layer 2. In this example, the single-layer radiating patch 1 and the single-layer reflective ground 3 are disposed on both sides of the dielectric layer 2, which helps to reduce the thickness of the antenna, making the antenna suitable for scenarios with limited longitudinal space.

[0059] In this example, both the radiating patch 1 and the reflecting ground 3 can be made of conductors with good conductivity and low loss, such as copper and silver, to avoid energy loss in the conductors, which would result in low antenna radiation efficiency. Since copper is cheaper than silver, copper is preferred as the conductor for manufacturing the radiating patch 1 and the reflecting ground 3.

[0060] As an example, the radiating patch 1 has a radiating slot 10. The radiating slot 10 is a slot opened on the radiating patch 1 for radiating electromagnetic waves. When the antenna is working, electromagnetic waves can radiate into the external space through the radiating slot 10, allowing the antenna to function normally. Figure 1 As shown, the radiation gap 10 includes a first gap segment 11 symmetrically arranged based on the center line of the radiation patch 1, a second gap segment 12 and a third gap segment 13 extending from both ends of the first gap segment 11 along the center line of the radiation patch 1, respectively. That is, the second gap segment 12, the first gap segment 11 and the third gap segment 13 are connected in sequence to form the overall radiation gap 10.

[0061] The first slot segment 11 is located at the center of the radiating slot 10. The first slot segment 11 is symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiating patch 1 to give the antenna broadband characteristics, enabling it to achieve a dual-resonance mode. Corresponding to the antenna's transmission and reception frequency bands, it reduces the asymmetry of the radiating patch 1, improves the uniformity and directivity of electromagnetic wave radiation, helps ensure impedance matching in the target frequency band, maintains the polarization stability of antenna radiation, reduces cross-polarization components, and thus improves the overall performance of the antenna. In this example, the shape of the first slot segment 11 is not limited, as long as it is symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiating patch 1 to achieve a dual-resonance mode.

[0062] The second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 are two slot segments extending from both ends of the first slot segment 11 along a direction parallel to the centerline of the radiating patch 1. Since the first slot segment 11 is symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiating patch 1, the distance from the second slot segment 12 to the centerline is equal to the distance from the third slot segment 13 to the centerline. However, the lengths of the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 are unequal, thus altering the current distribution and electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna, thereby exciting two orthogonal modes. These two orthogonal modes have the same amplitude and a 90° phase difference at a specific frequency, satisfying the conditions for circular polarization, thus achieving circular polarization of the antenna. Figure 1As shown, the second slot segment 12 is a slot extending from the left end of the first slot segment 11, and the third slot segment 13 is a slot extending from the right end of the first slot segment 11. If the length of the second slot segment 12 is greater than the length of the third slot segment 13, the antenna can achieve left-hand circular polarization when the length difference between the two meets a specific condition; if the length of the second slot segment 12 is less than the length of the third slot segment 13, the antenna can achieve right-hand circular polarization when the length difference between the two meets a specific condition.

[0063] As an example, the radiating patch 1 also has a feed point P. The feed point P can be connected to a power supply through a feed pin or other conductive structure to power the antenna, enabling the antenna to function normally. In this example, the feed point P is located on the center line of the radiating patch 1. Since the distance from the second slot segment 12 to the center line is equal to the distance from the third slot segment 13 to the center line, the distance from the feed point P to the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 is equal, avoiding the introduction of a new phase difference due to unequal distances, which would affect the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0064] In this embodiment, a single-layer radiating patch 1 and a single-layer reflective ground 3 are respectively disposed on both sides of the dielectric layer 2, which helps to reduce the thickness of the antenna and make the antenna applicable to scenarios with limited vertical space. The radiating slot 10 includes a first slot segment 11 symmetrically arranged based on the center line of the radiating patch 1, so that the antenna has broadband characteristics and can realize dual resonant mode, corresponding to the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band of the antenna. The radiating slot 10 also includes a second slot segment 12 and a third slot segment 13 extending from both ends of the first slot segment 11 along a direction parallel to the center line of the radiating patch 1. The lengths of the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 are not equal, thereby exciting two orthogonal modes. These two orthogonal modes have the same amplitude and a 90° phase difference at a specific frequency, satisfying the condition for circular polarization, thus achieving circular polarization of the antenna. Furthermore, since the lengths of the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 are not equal, the radiating slot 10 is not symmetrical. By setting a single feed point P on the center line of the radiating patch 1 for feeding, the distance from the feed point P to the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 is equal, avoiding the introduction of a new phase difference due to unequal distances, which would affect the impedance matching effect of the antenna. Compared with the existing method of assigning a phase difference to two feed points P, the circular polarization of the antenna is achieved by designing a second slot segment 12 and a third slot segment 13 with different lengths. This eliminates the need to assign a phase difference to the feed point P through the feed circuit, thus reducing the complexity of the feed circuit connected to the antenna.

[0065] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the radiation gap 10 also includes a fourth gap segment 14 extending from the end of the second gap segment 12 in a direction away from the center line of the radiation patch 1, and a fifth gap segment 15 extending from the end of the third gap segment 13 in a direction away from the center line of the radiation patch 1.

[0066] As an example, the radiation gap 10 includes a first gap segment 11, a second gap segment 12 and a third gap segment 13 extending from both ends of the first gap segment 11 in a direction parallel to the centerline of the radiation patch 1, a fourth gap segment 14 extending from the end of the second gap segment 12 in a direction away from the centerline of the radiation patch 1, and a fifth gap segment 15 extending from the end of the third gap segment 13 in a direction away from the centerline of the radiation patch 1. Here, "away from the centerline of the radiation patch 1" can be understood as extending outwards from the centerline, i.e., the fourth gap segment 14 extends outwards from the end of the second gap segment 12, and the fifth gap segment 15 extends outwards from the end of the third gap segment 13. In other words, the fourth gap segment 14, the second gap segment 12, the first gap segment 11, the third gap segment 13, and the fifth gap segment 15 are sequentially connected to form the overall radiation gap 10.

[0067] In this example, the fourth slot segment 14 extends outward from the end of the second slot segment 12 to form a bend structure, and the fifth slot segment 15 extends outward from the third slot segment 13 to form a bend structure. Through these bend structures, while meeting the requirements for circular polarization of the antenna, the length of the slot segments along the centerline of the radiating patch 1 can be shortened, which helps to reduce the overall length of the radiating antenna and thus make the size of the radiating patch 1 smaller, meeting the design requirements for miniaturization. In this example, the shapes of the fourth slot segment 14 and the fifth slot segment 15 are not limited, as long as they extend outward from the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 respectively, to avoid making at least one of the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13 too long to meet the requirements for circular polarization of the antenna, resulting in a larger overall size of the radiating patch 1.

[0068] In one embodiment, the shape of the first slit segment 11 is any one of a straight line, a circular arc, an elliptical arc, and a parabolic arc; the shape of the fourth slit segment 14 is any one of a straight line, a circular arc, an elliptical arc, and a parabolic arc; and the shape of the fifth slit segment 15 is any one of a straight line, a circular arc, an elliptical arc, and a parabolic arc.

[0069] As an example, the shape of the first slot segment 11 can be any one of a straight line, an arc, an elliptical arc, and a parabolic arc. Here, the arc, elliptical, and parabolic arcs are all symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiating patch 1, so that the antenna can achieve a dual-resonance mode, corresponding to the antenna's transmission and reception frequency bands. A straight line shape for the first slot segment 11 simplifies its fabrication process; a shape of any one of an arc, elliptical, or parabolic arc allows for a shorter dimension along the position perpendicular to the center of the radiating patch 1, resulting in a smaller overall size of the radiating patch 1.

[0070] As an example, such as Figure 5 As shown, both the fourth slot segment 14 and the fifth slot segment 15 can be in a straight line shape. When the second slot segment 12 extends upwards from the left end of the first slot segment 11 along the center line of the radiating patch 1, and the third slot segment 13 extends upwards from the right end of the first slot segment 11 along the center line of the radiating patch 1, a straight-line fourth slot segment 14 can extend to the left from the end of the second slot segment 12 away from the first slot segment 11, and a straight-line fifth slot segment 15 can extend to the right from the end of the third slot segment 13 away from the first slot segment 11. By using the curved fourth and fifth slot segments 14 and 15, the antenna can meet the requirements of dual-resonance mode and circular polarization while maintaining a shorter overall length of the radiating slot 10, resulting in a smaller overall size of the radiating patch 1, thus meeting the miniaturization design requirements. In this example, the fourth slot segment 14 and the fifth slot segment 15 adopt a straight-line design, which simplifies the manufacturing process.

[0071] As an example, the shapes of both the fourth slit segment 14 and the fifth slit segment 15 can be arc-shaped, such as... Figure 2 As shown, when the second slot segment 12 is a slot extending upward from the left end of the first slot segment 11 along the direction of the center line of the radiating patch 1, and the third slot segment 13 is a slot extending upward from the right end of the first slot segment 11 along the direction of the center line of the radiating patch 1, an arc-shaped fourth slot segment 14 can extend to the left from the end of the second slot segment 12 away from the first slot segment 11, and an arc-shaped fifth slot segment 15 can extend to the right from the end of the third slot segment 13 away from the first slot segment 11. By using the fourth slot segment 14 and the fifth slot segment 15 with bends, the antenna can meet the requirements of dual resonance mode and circular polarization while keeping the overall length of the radiating slot 10 short, thus making the overall size of the radiating patch 1 smaller and meeting the design requirements of miniaturization. In this example, the fourth slit segment 14 and the fifth slit segment 15 adopt an arc-shaped design, which can reduce the length of the fourth slit segment 14 and the fifth slit segment 15 along the direction perpendicular to the center line of the radiating patch 1, so that the overall size of the radiating patch 1 is smaller, meeting the design requirements of miniaturization.

[0072] In this example, the shapes of the first slot segment 11, the fourth slot segment 14, and the fifth slot segment 15 can all be any one of the following: straight, circular, elliptical, and parabolic. The shapes of the three can be the same or different. The specific shapes can be adjusted according to the antenna simulation test so that the selected shapes, combined with the shapes and sizes of other structures, enable the antenna to achieve dual resonant mode and circular polarization requirements, and the antenna determined by the simulation test has good impedance matching.

[0073] In one embodiment, the first slit segment 11, the fourth slit segment 14, and the fifth slit segment 15 are all semi-circular arc-shaped; the opening direction of the first slit segment 11 is opposite to the opening direction of the fourth slit segment 14, and the opening direction of the first slit segment 11 is opposite to the opening direction of the fifth slit segment 15.

[0074] As an example, the first slit segment 11 is semi-circular in shape, which allows for a smaller overall size of the first slit segment 11 while ensuring the realization of a dual-resonance mode. Figure 2 As shown, when the second slit segment 12 is a slit extending from the left end of the first slit segment 11, and the third slit segment 13 is a slit extending from the right end of the first slit segment 11, the radial slit 10 includes a semi-circular arc-shaped first slit segment 11, a second slit segment 12 extending from the left end of the first slit segment 11 in a direction parallel to the center line of the radial patch 1, a semi-circular arc-shaped fourth slit segment 14 formed by bending to the left from the end of the second slit segment 12 away from the first slit segment 11, a third slit segment 13 extending from the right end of the first slit segment 11, and a semi-circular arc-shaped fifth slit segment 15 formed by bending to the right from the end of the third slit segment 13 away from the first slit segment 11. In this example, the shapes of the first slit segment 11, the fourth slit segment 14, and the fifth slit segment 15 are all semi-circular arc-shaped, and the dimensions of the three semi-circular arcs can be the same or different. Preferably, the first slot segment 11, the fourth slot segment 14, and the fifth slot segment 15 have the same shape and size, so that the left and right sides of the center line of the radiating patch 1 are the same except for the lengths of the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13, which helps to ensure the circular polarization of the antenna.

[0075] When the shapes of the first slot segment 11, the fourth slot segment 14, and the fifth slot segment 15 are all semi-circular arcs, the opening direction of the first slot segment 11 is opposite to the opening direction of the fourth slot segment 14, and the opening direction of the first slot segment 11 is opposite to the opening direction of the fifth slot segment 15. This makes it easier to ensure that the widths of the multiple slot segments of the radiation slot 10 are consistent, avoiding differences in the width of slot segments at different locations that could affect the impedance matching effect. Understandably, when the shapes of the first slot segment 11, the fourth slot segment 14, and the fifth slot segment 15 are straight or other non-circular arc structures, chamfering can be performed at the corners of adjacent slot segments to ensure that the widths of the multiple slot segments are basically consistent, thus avoiding affecting the impedance matching effect.

[0076] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the height H of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the width W of the radiating patch 1 and (1+k1); where the value of k1 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 and the target frequency band, and the value of k1 is 0.5% to 3.5%.

[0077] Wherein, the height H of the radiating patch 1 is the dimension of the radiating patch 1 along the center line direction, and the width W of the radiating patch 1 is the dimension of the radiating patch 1 along the direction perpendicular to the center line.

[0078] The target frequency band refers to the frequency band that the antenna design aims to achieve. For example, in the antenna design of the Tiantong satellite communication system, the target frequency band is 1960MHz to 2246MHz, supporting the transmission and reception of Tiantong communication signals (transmitting frequency band: 1980MHz to 2010MHz, receiving frequency band: 2170MHz to 2200MHz). To ensure the normal operation of the antenna, when feeding the antenna, the radiating slot 10 on the radiating patch 1 can generate two resonant modes. The center frequencies of the two resonant modes are 2001MHz and 2182MHz, respectively. The corresponding target frequency band can be set to 1960MHz to 2246MHz, where the return loss is less than -10dB.

[0079] As an example, since the radiating slot 10 cut out in the radiating patch 1 disrupts the symmetry of the radiating patch 1, it is necessary to ensure that the height H of the radiating patch 1 differs from its width W, specifically by a difference of k1*W. This is more conducive to making the antenna radiation pattern symmetrical along the central axis, so that the direction above the antenna center is the direction of maximum gain. That is, the height H of the radiating patch 1 is 1+k times the width W of the radiating patch 1, i.e., H=(1+k1)*W. The value of k1 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, and the target frequency band.

[0080] Generally speaking, the area of ​​the radiating patch 1, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 are all related to the target frequency band. When the target frequency band is determined, the gain and bandwidth of the antenna are also basically determined. The correlation between these factors is as follows: (1) When the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is determined, the smaller the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the smaller its bandwidth, but the larger the gain; conversely, the larger the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the larger its bandwidth, but the smaller the gain; (2) When the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is determined, the larger the area of ​​the radiating patch 1, the larger its bandwidth and gain; the smaller the area of ​​the radiating patch 1, the smaller its bandwidth and gain; (3) When the thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is determined, the smaller the dielectric constant, the larger the gain and the smaller the bandwidth; conversely, the larger the dielectric constant, the smaller the gain and the larger the bandwidth, but the area of ​​the radiating patch 1 can be smaller. In this example, when the antenna is used in satellite communication, its target frequency band (1960MHz~2246MHz) is determined. The bandwidth and gain corresponding to this target frequency band are basically determined. The thickness and dielectric constant of dielectric layer 2 are generally pre-defined by the manufacturer. Based on this, the area of ​​radiating patch 1 is also basically determined, i.e., H*W=(1+k1)W 2 It is basically determined that k1 can be configured according to the thickness and dielectric constant of dielectric layer 2, so that the bandwidth and gain of the antenna can meet the requirements and thus meet the impedance matching requirements.

[0081] As an example, the value of k1 can range from 0.5% to 3.5%. This range allows the dimensional difference between the height H and width W of the radiating patch 1 to be (0.5% to 3.5%) * W. Based on this dimensional range, the radiating patch 1 can be made approximately square, ensuring that the electric fields generated by the antenna in the two vertical directions are as consistent as possible, which helps to achieve circular polarization of the antenna. Moreover, since the radiating slot 10 disrupts the symmetry of the radiating patch 1, it needs to be adjusted through the dimensional difference, which helps to make the antenna radiation pattern symmetrical along the central axis, so that the direction above the center of the antenna is the direction of maximum gain. Generally speaking, if the value of k1 is less than its lower limit (0.5%), it will affect the impedance matching of the target frequency band (e.g., the Tiantong frequency band corresponding to the Tiantong satellite system). If the value of k1 is greater than its upper limit (e.g., 3.5%), it will affect the circular polarization effect of the antenna. Therefore, the value of k1 within the above range can take into account both the impedance matching requirements and the requirements of circular polarization effect.

[0082] For example, when the thickness of dielectric layer 2 is 3.5mm and dielectric layer 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, its corresponding dielectric constant is 2.55. At this time, the width W of radiating patch 1 can be set to 48mm and k1 to 2.08%. Then the size difference is 48mm * 2.08% = 1mm, and H = (1 + k1) * W = 49mm. That is to say, the difference between the width and height of radiating patch 1 is 1mm, which is more conducive to making the antenna radiation pattern symmetrical along the central axis, so that the direction above the center of the antenna is the direction of maximum gain.

[0083] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the width w of the radiating slit 10 is the product of the width W of the radiating patch 1 and k2; wherein, the value of k2 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 and the target frequency band, and the value of k2 is 9% to 12%.

[0084] As an example, the width w of the radiating slot 10 is the product of the width W of the radiating patch 1 and k2, i.e., w = k2 * W. The value of k2 is related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, and the target frequency band. Given a fixed thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, the lower the target frequency band, the smaller the width w of the radiating slot 10, and the smaller the value of k2. Conversely, the higher the target frequency band, the larger the width w of the radiating slot 10, and the larger the value of k2. In this example, the value of k2 is 9% to 12% to avoid impedance mismatch of the antenna, thus affecting the impedance matching effect, given a fixed thickness, dielectric constant, and target frequency band. Understandably, if the value of k2 is less than the lower limit or greater than the upper limit, impedance mismatch may occur, affecting the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0085] As an example, the value of k2 can be between 9% and 12%. This range allows the antenna to meet the target frequency band of the Tiantong satellite antenna. Specifically, the center frequencies of the two resonant modes can be 2001MHz and 2182MHz, respectively, and the corresponding target frequency band can be set to the 1960MHz to 2246MHz band with a return loss of less than -10dB. For example, when the thickness of dielectric layer 2 is 3.5mm and dielectric layer 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), its dielectric constant is 2.55. In this case, the width W of the radiating patch 1 can be set to 48mm, and the value of k2 can be 10.63%. Then, the width w of the radiating slot 10 is 48mm * 10.63% = 5.1mm, which meets the target frequency band of the Tiantong satellite antenna.

[0086] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the first slit segment 11 is semi-circular in shape, and the diameter D of the first slit segment 11 is the product of the width W of the radiation patch 1 and k3; wherein, the value of k3 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 and the target frequency band, and the value range of k3 is 23% to 26%.

[0087] As an example, the first slot segment 11 is semi-circular in shape. The diameter D of the first slot segment 11 is the product of the width of the radiating patch 1 and k3, i.e., D = k3 * W. The value of k3 is related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, and the target frequency band. When the thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 are determined, the lower the target frequency band, the smaller the diameter D of the first slot segment 11, and the smaller the value of k3; conversely, the higher the target frequency band, the larger the diameter D of the first slot segment 11, and the larger the value of k3. Furthermore, the value range of k3 is 23% to 26%, which helps to ensure the formation of two resonant modes (transmitting frequency band and receiving frequency band) that conform to the target frequency band, and avoids the impedance matching effect being affected by the value of k3 not being within the above range.

[0088] For example, if the shape of the first gap segment 11 is a semi-circular arc, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is 3.5mm, and the dielectric layer 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, its corresponding dielectric constant is 2.55. In this case, the width W of the radiation patch 1 can be set to 48mm, and the value of k3 is 24.79%. Then the diameter D of the first gap segment 11 is 48mm * 24.79% = 11.9.

[0089] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the length difference between the length L1 of the second slit segment 12 and the length L2 of the third slit segment 13 is the product of the height H of the radiation patch 1 and k4; wherein, the value of k4 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, the target frequency band and the target axial ratio, and the value range of k4 is 22% to 25%.

[0090] The target axial ratio is the required axial ratio that needs to be achieved in antenna design. Axial ratio refers to the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the polarization ellipse of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in a given propagation direction. For example, in the design of the Tiantong satellite system, the antenna needs to be designed to achieve circular polarization with an axial ratio of less than 4dB at an elevation angle of 60°; this is the corresponding target axial ratio.

[0091] As an example, the length difference between the second slot segment 12 (L1) and the third slot segment 13 (L2) is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k4, i.e., ΔL = L1 - L2 = k4 * H. The value of k4 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, the target frequency band, and the target axial ratio. The thickness, dielectric constant, and target frequency band of the dielectric layer 2 affect the impedance matching effect of the antenna, while the target axial ratio affects the circular polarization effect. The value of k4 needs to balance the requirements of impedance matching and circular polarization. In this example, the value of k4 is 22% to 25%. If the value of k4 exceeds this range, it will cause the axial ratio of the antenna to increase, resulting in a mismatch with the target axial ratio, affecting the circular polarization effect of the antenna. Furthermore, it will cause the impedance matching of the antenna to deviate, affecting the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0092] For example, if the shape of the first slit segment 11 is a semi-circular arc, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is 3.5mm, and the dielectric layer 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, its corresponding dielectric constant is 2.55. At this time, the height H of the radiating patch 1 can be set to 49mm, and the value of k4 is 23.47%. Then, the length difference ΔL between the length L1 of the second slit segment 12 and the length L2 of the third slit segment 13 is 49mm * 23.47% = 11.5mm.

[0093] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the shortest distance L3 from the center line of the first slit segment 11 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k5; wherein, the value of k5 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 and the target frequency band, and the value of k5 is 27% to 30%.

[0094] As an example, since the first slot segment 11 is symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiating patch 1, the first slot segment 11 with a certain width will have two intersection points with the centerline of the radiating patch 1. These two intersection points are on the same straight line as the feed point P. Therefore, there is an intersection point far from the feed point P and an intersection point close to the feed point P. The intersection point far from the feed point P is defined as the first intersection point, and the intersection point close to the feed point P is defined as the second intersection point. Similarly, the centerline of the radiating patch 1 intersects with the two edges of the radiating patch 1. There is an edge far from the feed point P and an edge close to the feed point P. The edge far from the feed point P is defined as the first edge, and the edge close to the feed point P is defined as the second edge. Then, the shortest distance L3 from the first slot segment 11 along the direction of the centerline of the radiating patch 1 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is the distance from the first intersection point to the first edge. Figure 2As shown, the shortest distance L3 is specifically the distance from the lower intersection point of the first gap segment 11 and the center line of the radiating patch 1 to the lower edge of the radiating patch 1. The shortest distance L3 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k5, that is, L3=k5*H.

[0095] In this example, the value of K5 is configured to be related to the thickness of dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of dielectric layer 2, and the target frequency band. The thickness of dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of dielectric layer 2, and the target frequency band affect the impedance matching effect of the antenna. The value of k5 is 27% to 30%. If the value of k5 exceeds this range, it will cause the impedance matching of the antenna to deviate, affecting the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0096] For example, if the shape of the first gap segment 11 is a semi-circular arc, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is 3.5mm, and the dielectric layer 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, its corresponding dielectric constant is 2.55. In this case, the height H of the radiating patch 1 can be set to 49mm, and the value of k5 is 28.57%. Then, the shortest distance L3 from the center line of the first gap segment 11 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is 49mm * 28.57% = 14mm.

[0097] In one embodiment, the shortest distance L4 from the feed point P to the edge of the radiating patch 1 along the direction of the center line of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k6; wherein, the value of k6 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 and the target frequency band, and the value of k6 is 27% to 30%.

[0098] As an example, the centerline of the radiating patch 1 intersects with two edges of the radiating patch 1, resulting in an edge farther from the feed point P and an edge closer to the feed point P. The edge farther from the feed point P is defined as the first edge, and the edge closer to the feed point P is defined as the second edge. Then, the shortest distance L4 from the feed point P along the direction of the centerline of the radiating patch 1 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is the distance from the feed point P to the second edge. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the feed point P is positioned relatively high on the radiating patch 1, intersecting with the center line of the radiating patch 1. The edge closest to the feed point P is the upper edge. Therefore, the distance from the feed point P to the upper edge of the radiating patch 1 is the shortest distance L4. The shortest distance L4 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k6, i.e., L4 = k6 * H. The value of K6 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, and the target frequency band. The thickness of the dielectric layer 2, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2, and the target frequency band affect the impedance matching effect of the antenna. In this example, the value of k6 is between 27% and 30%. If the value of k6 exceeds this range, it will cause the impedance matching of the antenna to deviate, affecting the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0099] For example, if the shape of the first gap segment 11 is a semi-circular arc, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is 3.5mm, and the dielectric layer 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material, its corresponding dielectric constant is 2.55. At this time, the height H of the radiating patch 1 can be set to 49mm, and the value of k6 is 28.57%. Then, the shortest distance from the feed point P along the center line of the radiating patch 1 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is L4 = 49mm * 28.57% = 14mm.

[0100] In one embodiment, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is 3mm to 4mm, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is 2 to 3, the target frequency band is 1960MHz to 2246MHz, the target axial ratio is less than 4dB at an elevation angle of 60°, and the area of ​​the radiating patch 1 is 2250mm². 2 ~2450mm 2 The height H of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the width W of the radiating patch 1 and (1+k1), where k1 ranges from 0.5% to 3.5%; the width w of the radiating gap 10 is the product of the width W of the radiating patch 1 and k2, where k2 ranges from 9% to 12%; the shape of the first gap segment 11 is a semi-circular arc, and the diameter D of the first gap segment 11 is the product of the width of the radiating patch 1 and k3, where k3 ranges from 23% to 26%; the length L1 of the second gap segment 12 and the length L2 of the third gap segment 13... The length difference is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k4, where k4 ranges from 22% to 25%; the shortest distance L3 from the first gap segment 11 along the center line of the radiating patch 1 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k5, where k5 ranges from 27% to 30%; the shortest distance L4 from the feed point P along the center line of the radiating patch 1 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k6, where k6 ranges from 27% to 30%.

[0101] As an example, given that the thickness of dielectric layer 2 is 3mm to 4mm, the dielectric constant of dielectric layer 2 is 2 to 3, the target frequency band is 1960MHz to 2246MHz, and the target axial ratio is less than 4dB at an elevation angle of 60°, the area of ​​the radiating patch 1 can be calculated by simulation as S = 2250mm². 2 ~2450mm 2 Based on the area of ​​radiating patch 1, the relevant parameters of radiating patch 1 are further calculated. The specific calculation process is as follows:

[0102] The area S of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the width W and the height H of the radiating patch 1, i.e., S = W * H, combined with H = (1 + k1)W 2 The value of k1 is 0.5% to 3.5%, and the width W and height H of the radiating patch 1 can be calculated.

[0103] Since the width w of the radiation gap 10 is the product of the width W of the radiation patch 1 and k2, i.e., w=k2*W, and the value of k2 is 9%~12%, the width w of the radiation gap 10 can be determined by combining the width W of the radiation patch 1 determined in (1).

[0104] Since the shape of the first slit segment 11 is a semi-circular arc, the diameter D of the first slit segment 11 is the product of the width of the radiation patch 1 and k3, that is, D=k3*W, and the value range of k3 is 23%~26%. The diameter D of the first slit segment 11 can be determined by combining the width W of the radiation patch 1 determined in (1).

[0105] The length difference ΔL between the length L1 of the second slit segment 12 and the length L2 of the third slit segment 13 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k4, i.e., ΔL = L1 - L2 = k4 * H. The value of k4 ranges from 22% to 25%. The length difference ΔL can be determined by combining the height H of the radiating patch 1 determined in (1). In a specific example, the length L1 of the second slit segment 12 is (32% to 35%) * H, while the length L2 of the third slit segment 13 is (9% to 12%) * H, so that the length difference ΔL between the two is (22% to 25%) * H.

[0106] According to the shortest distance L3 from the first gap segment 11 along the center line of the radiation patch 1 to the edge of the radiation patch 1, it is the product of the height H of the radiation patch 1 and k5, that is, L3=k5*H, where the value of k5 is 27%~30%. The shortest distance L3 can be determined by combining the height H of the radiation patch 1 determined in (1).

[0107] The shortest distance L4 from the feed point P along the center line of the radiating patch 1 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is the product of the height H of the radiating patch 1 and k6. L4 = l6 * H, and the value of k6 is 27% to 30%. The shortest distance L4 can be determined by combining the height H of the radiating patch 1 determined in (1).

[0108] Based on the simulation calculations of parameters such as the width W of the radiating patch 1, the height H of the radiating patch 1, the width w of the radiating slot 10, the diameter D of the first slot segment 11, the length difference ΔL between the length L1 of the second slot segment 12 and the length L2 of the third slot segment 13, the shortest distance L3, and the shortest distance L4, the overall design of the radiating patch 1 is completed. This ensures that the antenna can achieve impedance matching in the transmitting frequency band (1980MHz~2010MHz) and the receiving frequency band (2170MHz~2200MHz), enabling it to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the corresponding frequency bands, and ensuring the circular polarization effect of the antenna.

[0109] In one embodiment, the thickness of dielectric layer 2 is 3.5 mm, and the dielectric constant of dielectric layer 2 is 2.55; the target frequency band includes 1980 MHz to 2010 MHz and 2170 MHz to 2200 MHz; the width of radiating patch 1 is 47 mm to 49 mm; the value range of k1 is 1% to 3%; the value range of k2 is 10% to 11%; the value range of k3 is 24% to 25%; the value range of k4 is 23% to 24%; the value range of k5 is 28% to 29%; and the value range of k6 is 28% to 29%.

[0110] As an example, when the thickness of dielectric layer 2 is 3.5mm, and dielectric layer 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), its corresponding dielectric constant is 2.55. The target frequency band includes 1980MHz~2010MHz and 2170MHz~2200MHz. When the target axial ratio is less than 4dB at an elevation angle of 60°, the width W of radiating patch 1 is 48mm, k1 is 2.08%, then the size difference is 48mm * 2.08% = 1mm, H = (1 + k1) * W = 49mm. At this time, the area of ​​radiating patch 1 is 2352mm². 2 The area of ​​radiation patch 1 is 2250 mm². 2 ~2450mm 2Within this range, impedance matching requirements are met. This means the width and height of radiating patch 1 differ by 1mm, which is more conducive to making the antenna radiation pattern symmetrical along the central axis, ensuring the direction above the antenna center is the direction of maximum gain. The value of k2 ranges from 10% to 11%, specifically 10.63%. Therefore, the width of radiating slot 10 is w = 48mm * 10.63% = 5.1mm, satisfying the target frequency band of the Tiantong satellite antenna. The value of k3 ranges from 24% to 25%, specifically 24.79%. Therefore, the diameter D of the first slot segment 11 is D = 48mm * 24.79% = 11.9mm. The value of k4 ranges from 23% to 24%, specifically 23.47%. Therefore, the length difference ΔL between the length L1 of the second slot segment 12 and the length L2 of the third slot segment 13 is ΔL = 49mm * 23.47% = 11.5mm. The value of k5 ranges from 28% to 29%, specifically 28.57%. Therefore, the shortest distance L3 from the centerline of the first slot segment 11 to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is 49mm * 28.57% = 14mm. The value of K6 also ranges from 28% to 29%, specifically 28.57%. Therefore, the shortest distance L4 from the feed point P to the edge of the radiating patch 1 is 49mm * 28.57% = 14mm. Based on these parameters, the overall design of the radiating patch 1 is completed to ensure impedance matching in the transmitting frequency band (1980MHz~2010MHz) and the receiving frequency band (2170MHz~2200MHz), enabling the antenna to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the corresponding frequency bands and ensuring circular polarization.

[0111] In one embodiment, the dielectric layer 2 and the reflective ground 3 have the same shape, which is either a circle or a regular N-gon, where N is an even number greater than 2.

[0112] As an example, the dielectric layer 2 and the reflective ground 3 have the same shape. Both can be circular, or they can be square, hexagonal, octagonal and other regular polygonal structures. The more circular the shape, the more consistent the electric field generated by the antenna in the two perpendicular directions can be, which is beneficial to achieving circular polarization of the antenna.

[0113] In one embodiment, the first projection of the radiating patch 1 along a direction perpendicular to the dielectric layer 2 is completely located within the second projection of the reflective ground 3 along a direction perpendicular to the dielectric layer 2, and the boundaries of the first projection and the second projection do not overlap.

[0114] As an example, the radiating patch 1 and the reflective ground 3 are respectively disposed on two surfaces of the dielectric layer 2. When the dielectric layer 2 is placed horizontally, the first projection of the radiating patch 1 along the plane perpendicular to the dielectric layer 2 is a projection along the vertical direction, and the second projection of the reflective ground 3 along the platform perpendicular to the dielectric layer 2 is also a projection along the vertical direction. In this example, the first projection is within the second projection, and the boundaries of the first projection and the second projection do not overlap. The shortest distance between the two projections is greater than 0. Specifically, the dimensions of the reflective ground 3 in each direction are larger than the dimensions of the radiating patch 1, so that the area of ​​the reflective ground 3 is slightly larger than the area of ​​the radiating patch 1. This can effectively isolate the electric field, block energy leakage to the bottom of the antenna, and concentrate the radiated energy of the antenna directly above the antenna to ensure the transmission efficiency of the antenna.

[0115] In one embodiment, the reflective ground 3 is based on the central symmetry of the target point, and the projections of the target point and the midpoint of the center line of the radiation patch 1 overlap along a direction perpendicular to the dielectric layer 2.

[0116] As an example, the reflective ground 3 is based on the central symmetry of the target point, which is the center of symmetry. The projection of the center of symmetry onto the midpoint of the centerline of the radiating patch 1 along the vertical direction overlaps. By using the centrally symmetrical reflective ground 3, uniform reflection in all directions (such as the mutually perpendicular X-axis and Y-axis directions) can be ensured, avoiding distortion of the radiation mode caused by structural asymmetry, thereby maintaining the symmetry of the radiation field, reducing signal distortion, and improving transmission efficiency. In addition, the centrally symmetrical reflective ground 3 may provide a consistent reflection coefficient in all directions, resulting in better impedance matching of the antenna, reducing the standing wave ratio, and thus improving the efficiency and quality of signal transmission.

[0117] Figure 6 This diagram shows the antenna gain at different frequencies and polarizations. The vertical axis represents the gain in dBi, and the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle. φ is the angle between the antenna's radiation direction and the horizontal plane, ranging from -180° to +180°. The four curves represent two different frequencies (1995 MHz and 2185 MHz) and two different polarization states (φ = 0° and φ = 90°). From Figure 6It can be seen that under the same polarization, the gain curves at different frequencies are slightly different, especially at certain azimuth angles, where the peak and valley positions and amplitudes of the gain change. At the same frequency, the gain curves for different polarizations also differ, showing that the antenna's directivity and gain characteristics vary under different polarizations. The antenna has a larger gain at certain specific azimuth angles, exhibiting strong directional radiation characteristics. Because a material with a low dielectric constant is used, the design of radiating patch 1 was completed based on the parameters determined in the above embodiments, resulting in a gain of approximately 7.3 dBi at 1995 MHz and approximately 8.6 dBi at 2185 MHz. 1995 MHz falls within the transmission frequency band (1980 MHz to 2010 MHz), and 2185 MHz falls within the reception frequency band (2170 MHz to 2200 MHz), thus proving that the antenna has good gain in both the transmission and reception frequency bands.

[0118] Figure 7 The antenna axial ratio varies with azimuth angle at different elevation angles. The curve represents the change, with the vertical axis representing the axis ratio in dB and the horizontal axis representing the azimuth angle. θ refers to the angle used to determine direction on the horizontal plane. The four curves represent the axial ratio variation curves for elevation angles θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° less than 4, respectively. The relevant design of the radiating patch 1 is completed based on the parameters determined in the above embodiment. The symmetry of the first slot segment 11, the lengths of the second slot segment 12 and the third slot segment 13, and the position of the bend structure, etc., will affect the axial ratio of the antenna. However, the elevation angle of 60° is less than 4dB, which indicates that the antenna has a good circular polarization effect, less polarization loss, and higher transmission and reception frequencies.

[0119] Figure 8 The graph shows the return loss curves of the antenna at different frequencies. The vertical axis represents the return loss in dB, and the horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz. Figure 8 It is known that the center frequency m1 of the transmitting frequency band (1980MHz~2010MHz) is 2001GHz, and the center frequency m2 of the receiving frequency band (2170MHz~2200MHz) is 2182GHz. The target frequency band is set to 1960MHz~2246MHz so that the return loss of the target frequency band is less than -10dB and includes two resonant modes corresponding to the transmitting and receiving frequency bands. Therefore, it can be seen that by completing the relevant design of the radiating patch 1 according to the parameters determined in the above embodiment, the return loss of the antenna can be reduced, so as to ensure the transmission and reception efficiency of the antenna.

[0120] This application provides a vehicle that includes the antenna described in the above embodiments, as well as a feed circuit and other circuits connected to the antenna. To avoid redundancy, these will not be described in detail here.

[0121] In this application, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0122] In this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0123] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc., in this application (if present) are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0124] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0125] Unless otherwise specified, all steps in this application may be performed sequentially or randomly. For example, if the method includes steps A and B, it means that the method may include steps A and B performed sequentially, or it may include steps B and A performed sequentially. For example, if the method may also include step C, it means that step C may be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps A, B, and C, or it may include steps A, C, and B, or it may include steps C, A, and B, etc.

[0126] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized by Includes a radiating patch, a dielectric layer, and a reflective ground; The first surface of the dielectric layer is provided with the radiating patch, and the second surface of the dielectric layer is provided with the reflective ground; The radiating patch is provided with radiating gaps and feeding points; The radiation gap includes a first gap segment symmetrically arranged based on the centerline of the radiation patch, a second gap segment and a third gap segment extending from both ends of the first gap segment in a direction parallel to the centerline of the radiation patch, wherein the length of the second gap segment is not equal to the length of the third gap segment; The power supply point is located on the center line of the radiating patch.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation gap also includes a fourth gap segment extending from the end of the second gap segment in a direction away from the center line of the radiation patch, and a fifth gap segment extending from the end of the third gap segment in a direction away from the center line of the radiation patch.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, The shape of the first gap segment is any one of the following: straight, arc-shaped, elliptical arc-shaped, and parabolic arc-shaped; The shape of the fourth gap segment is any one of the following: straight, circular arc, elliptical arc, and parabolic arc; The shape of the fifth gap segment can be any one of the following: straight, circular, elliptical, or parabolic.

4. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, The first gap segment, the fourth gap segment, and the fifth gap segment are all semi-circular arc-shaped; The opening direction of the first gap segment is opposite to the opening direction of the fourth gap segment, and the opening direction of the first gap segment is opposite to the opening direction of the fifth gap segment.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The height of the radiating patch is the product of the width of the radiating patch and (1+k1); The value of k1 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer and the target frequency band, and the value of k1 ranges from 0.5% to 3.5%.

6. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The width of the radiating slit is the product of the width of the radiating patch and k2; The value of k2 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value of k2 is 9% to 12%.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first slit segment is semi-circular in shape, and the diameter of the first slit segment is the product of the width of the radiation patch and k3. The value of k3 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value range of k3 is 23% to 26%.

8. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The length difference between the second slit segment and the third slit segment is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k4; The value of k4 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, the target frequency band, and the target axial ratio, and the value of k4 ranges from 22% to 25%.

9. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The shortest distance from the first slit segment along the center line of the radiating patch to the edge of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k5; The value of k5 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value of k5 is 27% to 30%.

10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The shortest distance from the feed point along the center line of the radiating patch to the edge of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k6; The value of k6 is configured to be related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the target frequency band, and the value of k6 is 27% to 30%.

11. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The thickness of the dielectric layer is 3mm-4mm, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is 2-3, the target frequency band is 1960MHz-2246MHz, the target axial ratio is less than 4dB at an elevation angle of 60°, and the area of the radiating patch is 2250mm 2 ~2450mm 2 ; The height of the radiating patch is the product of the width of the radiating patch and (1+k1), where k1 ranges from 0.5% to 3.5%. The width of the radiation gap is the product of the width of the radiation patch and k2, where k2 ranges from 9% to 12%. The first slit segment is semi-circular in shape, and its diameter is the product of the width of the radiating patch and k3, where k3 ranges from 23% to 26%. The length difference between the second slit segment and the third slit segment is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k4, where k4 ranges from 22% to 25%. The shortest distance from the first gap segment along the center line of the radiating patch to the edge of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k5, where k5 is 27% to 30%. The shortest distance from the feed point along the center line of the radiating patch to the edge of the radiating patch is the product of the height of the radiating patch and k6, where k6 is 27% to 30%.

12. A vehicle characterized by comprising: Includes the antenna as described in any one of claims 1-11.

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