A battery charging circuit using MCU detection

Abstract

This utility model discloses a battery charging circuit using MCU detection, including an MCU module, a battery detection module, and a MOSFET Q516. One end of the battery detection module is electrically connected to an external battery. The TP4 pin of the battery detection module and the MCU module forms a first node with the drain (D) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The TP8 pin of the MCU module is electrically connected to the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516, and the ADC pin of the MCU module is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The battery detection module detects the voltage of the external battery and transmits it to the MCU module. The MCU module controls the MOSFET Q516 to turn on or off based on the battery detection module, thus opening and closing the external battery charging circuit. The ADC pin of the MCU module detects the voltage of the source terminal of the MOSFET Q516 and controls the current value of the external battery charging circuit based on the voltage of the source terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The MCU module accurately controls the switching of the charging circuit, the high current and low current of the external battery, preventing overcharging and overcurrent, reducing energy consumption, and extending battery life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of electronic circuit technology, specifically a battery charging circuit that utilizes MCU detection. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of society, there are more and more battery-powered products on the market, including drone chargers, robot chargers, and electric vehicle chargers. These products include commonly used electric vehicles, agricultural tricycles, electric bicycles, bumper cars, children's toy cars, and smart rocking cars. When designing the rechargeable batteries and charging circuits of these products, the manufacturers did not perform battery voltage detection in advance. This makes it difficult to adjust the current to charge the battery appropriately according to the battery voltage, resulting in poor charger performance. During use, the charger may be damaged or explode, posing a danger.

[0003] In addition, many manufacturers on the market, in order to save on the cost of chargers, only perform constant voltage charging or use simple comparators for constant current charging. Such chargers have inaccurate current and fail to accurately read the battery voltage before charging the battery. As a result, the battery cannot be fully charged or overcharged, which may lead to the problem of battery explosion. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery charging circuit that utilizes MCU detection to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A battery charging circuit using MCU detection includes an MCU module, a battery detection module, and a MOSFET Q516. One end of the battery detection module is used for electrical connection to an external battery. The TP4 pin of the battery detection module and the MCU module forms a first node with the drain (D) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The TP8 pin of the MCU module is electrically connected to the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The ADC pin of the MCU module is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516.

[0007] The battery detection module is used to detect the voltage of the external battery and transmit it to the MCU module. The MCU module controls the MOSFET Q516 to be turned on or off according to the battery detection module, and controls the opening and closing of the external battery charging circuit. The ADC pin of the MCU module is used to detect the voltage of the source terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The MCU module controls the current value of the external battery charging circuit according to the voltage of the source terminal of the MOSFET Q516.

[0008] In a further technical solution, a resistor R633 is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. One end of the resistor R633 is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516, and the other end of the resistor R633 is grounded. A capacitor C546 is connected in parallel with the resistor R633.

[0009] In a further technical solution, a resistor R634 is connected in series between the TP8 pin of the MCU module and the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. One end of the resistor R634 is electrically connected to the TP8 pin of the MCU module, and the other end of the resistor R634 is electrically connected to the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516.

[0010] In a further technical solution, a capacitor C545 is connected in parallel with the MOSFET Q516. One end of the capacitor C545 forms a second node with the circuit R634 and the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516, and the other end of the capacitor C545 is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516.

[0011] In a further technical solution, the battery detection module includes a resistor R635 and a detection terminal. One end of the resistor R635 is electrically connected to the detection terminal, and the other end of the resistor R635, the TP4 pin of the MCU module, and the drain of the MOSFET Q516 form a first node.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0013] This invention achieves intelligent, efficient, and safe charging management through the collaborative operation of an MCU module, a battery detection module, and a MOSFET Q516. The battery detection module monitors the external battery voltage in real time and transmits it to the MCU module. The MCU module obtains the voltage information through the TP4 pin and, in conjunction with a preset threshold, promptly opens the external battery charging circuit. The ADC pin obtains the source voltage of the MOSFET Q516. By comparing the constant current threshold range and the shutdown threshold, the MCU module accurately controls the high and low current of the charging circuit, improving charging efficiency and preventing overcharging. The initial low-current charging protects the external battery, while the constant current high-current charging improves efficiency. When the threshold is exceeded, charging is automatically shut off, effectively preventing overcharging and overcurrent, reducing energy consumption, and extending battery life.

[0014] Other features and advantages of this invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 The process of this utility model Figure 1 .

[0016] Figure 2The process of this utility model Figure 2 .

[0017] Figure 3 Partial circuit diagram of this utility model.

[0018] Figure reference numerals: 1. MCU module; 11. Memory 1; 12. Comparator 1; 13. Memory 2; 14. Comparator 2; 2. Battery detection module; 3. External battery; 4. External battery charging circuit Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] Please refer to Figure 1-3 ;

[0021] This utility model discloses a battery charging circuit using MCU detection, including MCU module 1, battery detection module 2, and MOSFET Q516. One end of battery detection module 2 is used to be electrically connected to an external battery 3. The TP4 pin of battery detection module 2 and MCU module 1 forms a first node with the drain of MOSFET Q516. The TP8 pin of MCU module 1 is electrically connected to the gate of MOSFET Q516. The ADC pin of MCU module 1 is electrically connected to the source of MOSFET Q516.

[0022] Battery detection module 2 is used to detect the voltage of external battery 3 and transmit it to MCU module 1. MCU module 1 controls MOSFET Q516 to be turned on or off according to battery detection module 2, and turns on and off the charging circuit of external battery 3. ADC pin of MCU module 1 is used to detect the voltage of the source terminal of MOSFET Q516. MCU module 1 controls the current value of the charging circuit of external battery 3 according to the voltage of the source terminal of MOSFET Q516.

[0023] Specifically, when charging the external battery 3 using the external battery 3 charging circuit, the battery detection module 2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the external battery 3, enabling the battery detection module 2 to detect the voltage of the external battery 3. Since the TP4 pin of the battery detection module 2 and the drain terminal of the MOSFET Q516 form a first node, the voltage of the external battery 3 is transmitted to the MCU module 1. The MCU module 1 has preset turn-on thresholds stored in memory 11 and comparator 12 for different external batteries 3. The comparator 12 compares the voltage of the external battery 3 with the turn-on threshold. When the voltage of the external battery 3 is detected or exceeds the threshold, the MCU module 1 outputs a PWM signal to turn on the output of the external battery 3 charging circuit, allowing the external battery 3 charging circuit to charge the external battery 3. It is worth noting that this is a small-current charging process. Simultaneously, the MCU module 1 controls the MOSFET Q516 to be in the conducting state. At this time, the current detected by the battery detection module 2 flows through the MOSFET Q516, and the MCU... Module 1 detects the source voltage of MOSFET Q516 via the ADC pin. MCU module 1 has a preset constant current threshold range stored in memory 13 and a comparator 14 based on different external battery 3 values. The comparator 14 compares the external battery 3 voltage with the constant current threshold range. When the detected source voltage of MOSFET Q516 is within the constant current threshold range, MCU module 1 outputs a PWM signal to enable constant current output from the external battery 3 charging circuit, allowing the external battery 3 charging circuit to charge the external battery 3. It's worth noting that constant current charging involves high current to improve charging efficiency. When MCU module 1 detects that the source voltage of MOSFET Q516 reaches a certain value, exceeding the maximum value of the constant current threshold range, it outputs a PWM signal to switch the output of the external battery 3 charging circuit from high current to low current. Memory 13 also stores a shutdown threshold. When the source voltage of MOSFET Q516 exceeds the shutdown threshold, MCU module 1 outputs a PWM signal to shut down the external battery 3 charging circuit.Through the collaborative operation of MCU module 1, battery detection module 2, and MOSFET Q516, intelligent, efficient, and safe charging management is achieved. Battery detection module 2 monitors the voltage of the external battery 3 in real time and transmits it to MCU module 1. MCU module 1 obtains voltage information through the TP4 pin and, combined with a preset threshold, promptly opens the charging circuit of the external battery 3. It obtains the source voltage of MOSFET Q516 through the ADC pin. By comparing the constant current threshold range and the shutdown threshold, it precisely controls the large and small currents of the charging circuit for the external battery 3, improving charging efficiency and preventing overcharging. Initial low-current charging protects the external battery 3, constant current high-current charging improves efficiency, and charging automatically shuts off when the threshold is exceeded, effectively preventing overcharging and overcurrent, reducing energy consumption, and extending battery life.

[0024] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516 is electrically connected to a resistor R633. Preferably, the resistance of resistor R633 is 100K ohms with an accuracy of 1%. One end of resistor R633 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the MOSFET Q516, and the other end of resistor R633 is grounded. A capacitor C546 is connected in parallel with resistor R633. Preferably, the capacitance is 1000pF. The high resistance reduces the current flowing through the MOSFET Q516, i.e., the detection current used for regulating the switch and the charging circuit of the external battery 3, which is more beneficial for protecting components such as the MCU module 1 and the MOSFET Q516.

[0025] In this embodiment, a resistor R634 is connected in series between the TP8 pin of the MCU module 1 and the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. Preferably, the resistance of the resistor R634 is 10KΩ. One end of the resistor R634 is electrically connected to the TP8 pin of the MCU module 1, and the other end of the resistor R634 is electrically connected to the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. When the MCU module 1 needs to control the MOSFET Q516 to be in the conducting state, the TP8 pin of the MCU module 1 outputs a voltage, thereby enabling the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516 to detect the voltage and turn on the conducting state. It is worth noting that an LVS-A module is electrically connected between the TP8 pin of the MCU module 1 and the resistor R634.

[0026] In this embodiment, a capacitor C545 is connected in parallel with the MOSFET Q516. Preferably, the capacitance of the capacitor C545 is 1000pF and is mainly used for filtering. One end of the capacitor C545 forms a second node with the circuit R634 and the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516, and the other end of the capacitor C545 is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516.

[0027] In this embodiment, the battery detection module 2 includes a resistor R635 and a detection terminal. Preferably, the resistance of the resistor R635 is 510K and the accuracy is 1%. One end of the resistor R635 is electrically connected to the detection terminal, and the other end of the resistor R635, the TP4 pin of the MCU module 1 and the drain of the MOSFET Q516 form a first node.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0029] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery charging circuit utilizing MCU detection, characterized in that, The device includes an MCU module (1), a battery detection module (2), and a MOSFET Q516. One end of the battery detection module (2) is electrically connected to an external battery (3). The TP4 pin of the battery detection module (2) and the MCU module (1) forms a first node with the drain (D) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The TP8 pin of the MCU module (1) is electrically connected to the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The ADC pin of the MCU module (1) is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516. The battery detection module (2) is used to detect the voltage of the external battery (3) and transmit it to the MCU module (1). The MCU module (1) controls the MOSFET Q516 to be turned on or off according to the battery detection module (2), and controls the opening and closing of the charging circuit of the external battery (3). The ADC pin of the MCU module (1) is used to detect the voltage of the S-stage of the MOSFET Q516. The MCU module (1) controls the current value of the charging circuit of the external battery (3) according to the voltage of the S-stage of the MOSFET Q516.

2. The battery charging circuit using MCU detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516 is electrically connected to a resistor R633. One end of the resistor R633 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the MOSFET Q516, and the other end of the resistor R633 is grounded. A capacitor C546 is connected in parallel with the resistor R633.

3. The battery charging circuit using MCU detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, A resistor R634 is connected in series between the TP8 pin of the MCU module (1) and the gate of the MOSFET Q516. One end of the resistor R634 is electrically connected to the TP8 pin of the MCU module (1), and the other end of the resistor R634 is electrically connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q516.

4. A battery charging circuit using MCU detection according to claim 3, characterized in that, The MOSFET Q516 is connected in parallel with a capacitor C545. One end of the capacitor C545 forms a second node with the resistor R634 and the gate (G) terminal of the MOSFET Q516, and the other end of the capacitor C545 is electrically connected to the source (S) terminal of the MOSFET Q516.

5. A battery charging circuit using MCU detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery detection module (2) includes a resistor R635 and a detection terminal. One end of the resistor R635 is electrically connected to the detection terminal, and the other end of the resistor R635, the TP4 pin of the MCU module (1), and the drain of the MOSFET Q516 form a first node.

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