A high-voltage distribution box and battery pack

Abstract

This application provides a high-voltage distribution box, including a positive busbar, a negative busbar, a main positive relay, a main negative relay, and a controller. The main positive relay is connected in series with the positive busbar and contains multiple first relay units connected in parallel. The main negative relay is connected in series with the negative busbar and contains multiple second relay units connected in parallel. The controller controls the conduction of a preset number of relay units. This solves the problem that different battery packs require dedicated high-voltage boxes due to differences in current parameters, resulting in long development cycles and high costs. It enables the same high-voltage distribution box to adapt to multiple battery packs, shortening the development cycle, reducing costs, and improving versatility and adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, and mainly to a high-voltage distribution box and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] In order to control the normal input and output current and to promptly switch the high-voltage circuit on and off in case of a fault, a high-voltage box is usually installed inside the power battery pack.

[0003] In related technologies, high-voltage distribution boxes typically rely on relays to control circuit switching and copper busbars to carry current. However, due to differences in parameters such as current among battery packs used for different purposes, different battery packs require different specifications of relays and copper busbars. This results in high-voltage boxes being incompatible between different battery packs, necessitating the design of a dedicated high-voltage box for each battery pack. Consequently, the mold development cycle for battery pack products is extended, and development costs are increased. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, this utility model provides a high-voltage box to solve the problem that the high-voltage distribution box has poor versatility, resulting in long mold development cycle and high cost for battery pack products.

[0005] To solve the above problems, this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a high-voltage distribution box, which includes: a positive busbar, a negative busbar, a main positive relay, a main negative relay, and a controller;

[0007] One end of the positive busbar is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power battery, and the other end of the positive busbar is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load device. The main positive relay is connected in series with the positive busbar.

[0008] One end of the negative busbar is used to be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power battery, and the other end of the negative busbar is used to be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the load device. The main negative relay is connected in series with the negative busbar.

[0009] The main positive relay includes multiple independent first relay units, which are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the controller. The controller is used to control a preset number of the first relay units in the main positive relay to be in the on state.

[0010] And / or, the main negative relay includes a plurality of independent second relay units, which are arranged in parallel and are all electrically connected to the controller. The controller is used to control a preset number of the second relay units in the main negative relay to be in the on state.

[0011] Optionally, the high-voltage distribution box further includes: a positive fast charging cable, a negative fast charging cable, a positive fast charging relay, and a negative fast charging relay;

[0012] One end of the positive fast charging cable is electrically connected to the positive bus, and the other end of the positive fast charging cable is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. The positive fast charging relay is connected in series with the positive fast charging cable.

[0013] One end of the negative fast charging cable is electrically connected to the negative busbar, and the other end of the negative fast charging cable is used to electrically connect to the negative terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. The negative fast charging relay is connected in series with the negative fast charging cable.

[0014] The positive fast charging relay includes multiple independent third relay units, which are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the controller. The controller is used to control a preset number of third relay units in the positive fast charging relay to be in the conducting state.

[0015] And / or, the negative fast charging relay includes multiple independent fourth relay units, which are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the controller. The controller is used to control a preset number of fourth relay units in the negative fast charging relay to be in a conducting state.

[0016] Optionally, the main positive relay further includes two main positive copper busbars, and the first relay unit includes a first connection part and a second connection part;

[0017] The first connecting part is electrically connected to one of the main positive copper busbars, and the second connecting part is electrically connected to the other main positive copper busbar;

[0018] One of the main positive copper busbars is provided with a first terminal, and the other main positive copper busbar is provided with a second terminal. Both the first terminal and the second terminal are electrically connected to the positive busbar, so that the first relay unit is connected in series with the positive busbar.

[0019] Optionally, the positive fast charging relay further includes a positive fast charging copper busbar, and the third relay unit includes a third connection part and a fourth connection part;

[0020] The third connection part is electrically connected to one of the main positive copper busbars, and the fourth connection part is electrically connected to the positive fast charging copper busbar;

[0021] The positive fast charging copper busbar is provided with a third terminal, which is electrically connected to one end of the positive fast charging cable, so that the third relay unit is connected in series with the positive fast charging cable.

[0022] Optionally, both the main positive copper busbar and the positive fast charging copper busbar are provided with monitoring terminals, which are electrically connected to the controller;

[0023] The monitoring terminal is used to monitor the current and / or voltage on the main positive copper busbar and the positive fast charging copper busbar, and to transmit the current and / or voltage to the controller.

[0024] Optionally, the main negative relay further includes two main negative copper busbars, and the second relay unit includes a fifth connection part and a sixth connection part;

[0025] The fifth connection part is electrically connected to one of the main negative copper busbars, and the sixth connection part is electrically connected to the other main negative copper busbar;

[0026] One of the main negative copper busbars is provided with a fourth terminal, and the other main negative copper busbar is provided with a fifth terminal. The fourth terminal and the fifth terminal are both electrically connected to the negative busbar, so that the second relay unit is connected in series with the negative busbar.

[0027] Optionally, the negative fast charging relay further includes a negative fast charging copper busbar, and the fourth relay unit includes a seventh connection part and an eighth connection part;

[0028] The seventh connection part is electrically connected to one of the main negative copper busbars, and the eighth connection part is electrically connected to the negative fast charging copper busbar;

[0029] The negative fast charging copper busbar is provided with a sixth terminal, which is electrically connected to one end of the negative fast charging cable, so that the fourth relay unit is connected in series with the negative fast charging cable.

[0030] Optionally, both the main negative copper busbar and the negative fast charging copper busbar are provided with monitoring terminals, which are electrically connected to the controller;

[0031] The monitoring terminal is used to monitor the current and / or voltage on the main negative copper busbar and the negative fast charging copper busbar, and to transmit the current and / or voltage to the controller.

[0032] Optionally, the high-voltage distribution box further includes mounting components and a thermal pad;

[0033] The mounting assembly has a liquid cooling channel inside, and the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the positive fast charging relay, and the negative fast charging relay are all mounted on the mounting assembly.

[0034] The thermal pads are stacked along a first direction on the side of the mounting assembly near the main positive relay, where the first direction is the thickness direction of the thermal pads.

[0035] Optionally, the high-voltage distribution box further includes an insulating layer, which is stacked along the first direction on the side of the thermal pad near the main positive relay.

[0036] On the other hand, this application also provides a battery pack, which includes the high-voltage distribution box described in any of the above claims.

[0037] Understandably, this application utilizes the related technology of setting multiple independent relay units connected in parallel in the main positive relay and / or main negative relay, and using a controller to dynamically adjust the number of conducting relays to adapt to different current parameters. Specifically, when facing the current requirements of different battery packs, the controller can adjust the circuit's carrying capacity by controlling the number of conducting relay units. For example, in high-current scenarios, more units are conducted to distribute the current, while in low-current scenarios, fewer units are conducted to optimize power consumption. This avoids the need to replace entire specifications of relays and copper busbars due to differences in current parameters, as is required in traditional solutions. It allows the same high-voltage distribution box to be configured via software to adapt to different battery packs, thereby eliminating the need for a dedicated high-voltage box design, effectively shortening the mold development cycle and reducing development costs. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of the main positive relay, main negative relay, positive fast charging relay, and negative fast charging relay in this application;

[0040] Figure 2 The circuit connection diagrams of each relay to the power battery, load and fast charging high voltage connector in this application;

[0041] Figure 3 This application includes exploded views of the relays, mounting components, thermal pads, and insulation layers along the thickness direction of the mounting components.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0043] 10. Positive busbar; 20. Negative busbar; 30. Main positive relay; 301. Main positive copper busbar; 3011. First terminal; 3012. Second terminal; 302. First relay unit; 3021. First control terminal; 3022. First connection part; 3023. Second connection part; 40. Main negative relay; 401. Main negative copper busbar; 4011. Fourth terminal; 4012. Fifth terminal; 402. Second relay unit; 4021. Second control terminal; 4022. Fifth connection part; 4023. Sixth connection part; 50. Controller; 60. Positive fast charging Wire; 70, negative fast charging cable; 80, positive fast charging relay; 801, positive fast charging copper busbar; 8011, third terminal; 802, third relay unit; 8021, third control terminal; 8022, third connection part; 8023, fourth connection part; 90, negative fast charging relay; 901, negative fast charging copper busbar; 9011, sixth terminal; 902, fourth relay unit; 9021, fourth control terminal; 9022, seventh connection part; 9023, eighth connection part; 100, monitoring terminal; 110, mounting assembly; 120, thermal pad; 130, insulation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present utility model or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, any product that is the same as or similar to the present utility model, derived by anyone under the guidance of the present utility model or by combining the features of the present utility model with other related technologies, falls within the protection scope of the present utility model. Furthermore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0045] Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of this utility model specification.

[0046] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this utility model described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0047] Firstly, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a high-voltage power distribution box, which includes: a positive busbar 10, a negative busbar 20, a main positive relay 30, a main negative relay 40, and a controller 50; one end of the positive busbar 10 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the power battery, and the other end of the positive busbar 10 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the load device; the main positive relay 30 is connected in series with the positive busbar 10; one end of the negative busbar 20 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the power battery, and the other end of the negative busbar 20 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the load device; the main negative relay 40 is connected in series with the negative busbar 20. In the main positive relay 30, there are multiple independent first relay units 302, which are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the controller 50. The controller 50 is used to control a preset number of the first relay units 302 in the main positive relay 30 to be in the conducting state; and / or, the main negative relay 40 includes multiple independent second relay units 402, which are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the controller 50. The controller 50 is used to control a preset number of the second relay units 402 in the main negative relay 40 to be in the conducting state.

[0048] Specifically, the high-voltage distribution box in this embodiment includes a positive busbar 10, a negative busbar 20, a main positive relay 30, a main negative relay 40, and a controller 50. The positive terminal of the load, the main positive relay 30, and the positive terminal of the power battery are sequentially connected via the positive busbar 10, which comprises multiple segments. The main positive relay 30 is connected in series between two segments of the positive busbar 10. The negative terminal of the load, the main negative relay 40, and the negative terminal of the power battery are sequentially connected via the negative busbar 20, which also comprises multiple segments. The main negative relay 40 is connected in series between two segments of the negative busbar 20, forming a path from the positive terminal of the load to the negative terminal of the load, with the main positive relay 30, the main negative relay 40, and the power battery connected in series. In this path, the main positive relay 30 controls the connection between the positive terminal of the load and the positive terminal of the power battery, and the main negative relay 40 controls the connection between the negative terminal of the load and the negative terminal of the power battery.

[0049] The main positive relay 30 may include multiple independent first relay units 302, which are connected in parallel. These multiple first relay units 302 may be identical or different; this embodiment does not limit their specific configuration. The number of first relay units 302 can be selectively set according to specific circumstances; this embodiment does not limit their specific configuration either. The controller 50 can control a preset number of first relay units 302 to be in a conducting state, thereby controlling the connection and disconnection of the circuit between the positive terminal of the load and the positive terminal of the power battery. When the main positive relay 30 is installed on the path between power batteries of different specifications and the load, the controller 50 controls a preset number of first relay units 302 to be in a conducting state. When the load current demand is small, a smaller number of first relay units 302 are activated; when the current demand increases, the number of activated units is increased, thus achieving versatility of the main positive relay 30.

[0050] The main negative relay 40 may also include multiple independent second relay units 402, which are also arranged in parallel and electrically connected to the controller 50. The multiple second relay units 402 may be the same or different; this embodiment does not limit this. The number of second relay units 402 can be selectively set according to specific circumstances; this embodiment does not limit this. The controller 50 can control a preset number of second relay units 402 to be in a conducting state, thereby controlling the on / off state of the circuit between the load negative terminal and the power battery negative terminal. In some embodiments, the main positive relay 30 or the main negative relay 40 is composed of multiple independent and parallel relay units to control the on / off of the circuit from the positive terminal of the load to the negative terminal of the load. In other embodiments, both the main positive relay 30 and the main negative relay 40 are composed of multiple independent and parallel relay units to control the on / off of the circuit from the positive terminal of the load to the negative terminal of the load. That is, both the main positive relay 30 and the main negative relay 40 can adapt to different specifications of power batteries and load paths, further improving the versatility of the relays.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first relay unit 302 may include a first control terminal 3021, and multiple first relay units 302 are electrically connected to the controller 50 through the first control terminal 3021. The second relay unit 402 may include a second control terminal 4021, and multiple second relay units 402 are electrically connected to the controller 50 through the second control terminal 4021. The controller 50 is an integrated component of a printed circuit board and a battery management system. The first control terminal 3021 is electrically connected to the printed circuit board. The battery management system transmits on / off information to the printed circuit board, and transmits the on / off information of the first relay units 302 to the first relay units 302 through the first control terminal 3021, so as to control a preset number of first relay units 302 to be in the conducting state. This design allows for wireless wiring connections inside the high-voltage distribution box, reducing material costs, and enabling automated assembly that differs from traditional wiring harness solutions.

[0052] Understandably, this high-voltage distribution box, by configuring the main positive relay 30 and / or the main negative relay 40 as multiple independent relay units connected in parallel, and having the controller 50 control the conduction of a preset number of relay units according to actual needs, allows the same high-voltage distribution box to adapt to battery packs with different current parameters by adjusting the number of conducting relay units. This eliminates the need to design dedicated high-voltage boxes for different battery pack specifications, effectively improving the versatility of the high-voltage distribution box. This not only shortens the mold development cycle of battery pack products and reduces repetitive development work caused by dedicated designs, but also lowers development costs and enhances the adaptability of battery packs in different application scenarios.

[0053] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the high-voltage distribution box also includes: a positive fast charging cable 60, a negative fast charging cable 70, a positive fast charging relay 80, and a negative fast charging relay 90; one end of the positive fast charging cable 60 is electrically connected to the positive bus 10, and the other end of the positive fast charging cable 60 is used to electrically connect to the positive terminal of the fast charging high-voltage connector; the positive fast charging relay 80 is connected in series with the positive fast charging cable 60; one end of the negative fast charging cable 70 is electrically connected to the negative bus 20, and the other end of the negative fast charging cable 70 is used to electrically connect to the negative terminal of the fast charging high-voltage connector; the negative fast charging relay 90 is connected in series with the negative fast charging cable 70; wherein, the positive fast charging relay... The device 80 includes multiple independent third relay units 802, which are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the controller 50. The controller 50 is used to control a preset number of third relay units 802 in the positive fast charging relay 80 to be in a conducting state; and / or, the negative fast charging relay 90 includes multiple independent fourth relay units 902, which are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the controller 50. The controller 50 is used to control a preset number of fourth relay units 902 in the negative fast charging relay 90 to be in a conducting state.

[0054] Specifically, the high-voltage distribution box also includes a positive fast charging cable 60, a negative fast charging cable 70, a positive fast charging relay 80, and a negative fast charging relay 90. The positive terminal of the fast charging high-voltage connector is connected to the positive busbar 10 via the positive fast charging cable 60, which comprises multiple segments. The positive fast charging relay 80 is connected in series between two segments of the positive fast charging cable 60 and between the positive terminal of the fast charging high-voltage connector and the positive busbar 10. The negative terminal of the fast charging high-voltage connector is connected to the negative busbar 20 via the negative fast charging cable 70, which comprises multiple segments. The negative fast charging relay 90 is connected in series between the two ends of the negative fast charging cable 70 and between the negative terminal of the fast charging high-voltage connector and the negative busbar 20.

[0055] The positive fast charging relay 80 is used to control the connection and disconnection of the line between the positive terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector and the positive terminal of the power battery, and the negative fast charging relay 90 is used to control the connection and disconnection of the line between the negative terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector and the negative terminal of the power battery.

[0056] The positive fast-charging relay 80 may include multiple independent third relay units 802, which are connected in parallel. These third relay units 802 can be identical or different; this embodiment does not limit their specific configuration. The number of third relay units 802 can be selectively set according to specific circumstances; this embodiment does not limit their specific configuration either. The controller 50 can control a preset number of third relay units 802 to be in a conducting state, thereby controlling the connection and disconnection of the circuit between the positive terminal of the fast-charging high-voltage connector and the positive terminal of the power battery. When the positive fast-charging relay 80 is installed on the path between power batteries of different specifications and the fast-charging high-voltage connector, the controller 50 controls a preset number of third relay units 802 to be in a conducting state. When the fast-charging current demand is low, the controller 50 controls a smaller number of third relay units 802 to be in a conducting state; when the fast-charging current demand increases, the number of conducting third relay units 802 is increased, thus achieving versatility of the positive fast-charging relay 80.

[0057] The fast charging relay 90 may also include multiple independent fourth relay units 902, which are also arranged in parallel and electrically connected to the controller 50. The multiple fourth relay units 902 may be the same or different; this embodiment does not limit this. The number of fourth relay units 902 can be selectively set according to specific circumstances; this embodiment does not limit this. The controller 50 can control a preset number of fourth relay units 902 to be in a conducting state, thereby controlling the on / off state of the circuit between the negative terminal of the fast charging high-voltage connector and the negative terminal of the power battery.

[0058] In some embodiments, the third relay unit 802 may include a third control terminal 8021, and multiple third relay units 802 are electrically connected to the controller 50 through the third control terminal 8021; the fourth relay unit 902 may include a fourth control terminal 9021, and multiple fourth relay units 902 are electrically connected to the controller 50 through the fourth control terminal 9021.

[0059] In some embodiments, the positive fast charging relay 80 or the negative fast charging relay 90 is composed of multiple independent and parallel relay units to control the circuit connection from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. In other embodiments, both the positive fast charging relay 80 and the negative fast charging relay 90 are composed of multiple independent and parallel relay units to control the circuit connection from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. That is, both the positive fast charging relay 80 and the negative fast charging relay 90 can adapt to different specifications of power batteries and fast charging high voltage connector paths, further improving the versatility of the relays.

[0060] Understandably, by setting up a positive fast charging line 60 and a negative fast charging line 70, and configuring the positive fast charging relay 80 and / or the negative fast charging relay 90 as multiple independent third relay units 802 and fourth relay units 902 connected in parallel, and with the controller 50 controlling the conduction of a preset number of third relay units 802 and fourth relay units 902 according to the fast charging current requirements of different specifications of power batteries, the same high-voltage distribution box can adapt to battery packs and fast charging scenarios with different fast charging current parameters. This eliminates the need to design dedicated fast charging relays and supporting circuits for battery packs with different fast charging specifications, further improving the versatility of the high-voltage distribution box in fast charging functionality, shortening the development cycle of battery packs with fast charging capabilities, and reducing the additional development costs incurred due to adapting to different fast charging requirements. Simultaneously, through the parallel design of multiple relay units, the number of conducting units can be flexibly adjusted during fast charging to match the real-time fast charging current, ensuring the stable operation of the fast charging circuit.

[0061] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the main positive relay 30 also includes two main positive copper busbars 301. The first relay unit 302 includes a first connection part 3022 and a second connection part 3023. The first connection part 3022 is electrically connected to one main positive copper busbar 301, and the second connection part 3023 is electrically connected to the other main positive copper busbar 301. One main positive copper busbar 301 is provided with a first terminal 3011, and the other main positive copper busbar 301 is provided with a second terminal 3012. The first terminal 3011 and the second terminal 3012 are both electrically connected to the positive busbar 10, so that the first relay unit 302 is connected in series on the positive busbar 10.

[0062] Specifically, the main positive relay 30 includes two parallel main positive copper busbars 301. Each first relay unit 302 is provided with a first connecting part 3022 and a second connecting part 3023. The first connecting part 3022 is fixedly and electrically connected to one main positive copper busbar 301, and the second connecting part 3023 is also fixedly and electrically connected to the other main positive copper busbar 301, forming a structure in which multiple first relay units 302 are connected in parallel between two main positive copper busbars 301. The first connecting part 3022 and the second connecting part 3023 can be connected to the main positive copper busbar 301 by bolts. As long as the first relay unit 302 can be fixedly and electrically connected to the main positive copper busbar 301, the specific connection method is not limited in the embodiments of this application. Two main positive copper busbars 301 are respectively provided with a first terminal 3011 and a second terminal 3012. The first terminal 3011 is electrically connected to the end of the positive busbar 10 near the positive terminal of the power battery, and the second terminal 3012 is electrically connected to the end of the positive busbar 10 near the positive terminal of the load device. This allows all the parallel first relay units 302 to be connected in series on the positive busbar 10 through the two main positive copper busbars 301, thereby realizing the on / off control of the current of the positive busbar 10.

[0063] Understandably, by integrating multiple first relay units 302 in parallel through two main positive copper busbars 301 and connecting them to the positive busbar 10 using the terminals on the copper busbars, the structure of the main positive relay 30 becomes more compact, reducing the redundancy of the circuit caused by distributed connections. Simultaneously, the copper busbars possess excellent conductivity and heat dissipation performance, effectively carrying the total current when multiple relay units are conducting, reducing line losses and the risk of overheating. Furthermore, this integrated design facilitates the rapid assembly of the main positive relay 30 with the positive busbar 10, improving the production efficiency of the high-voltage distribution box, and the unified connection structure also provides convenience for subsequent maintenance and replacement of relay units.

[0064] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the positive fast charging relay 80 also includes a positive fast charging copper busbar 801, and the third relay unit 802 includes a third connection part 8022 and a fourth connection part 8023; the third connection part 8022 is electrically connected to a main positive copper busbar 301, and the fourth connection part 8023 is electrically connected to the positive fast charging copper busbar 801; the positive fast charging copper busbar 801 is provided with a third terminal 8011, and the third terminal 8011 is electrically connected to one end of the positive fast charging line 60, so that the third relay unit 802 is connected in series on the positive fast charging line 60.

[0065] Understandably, the positive fast-charging relay 80 includes a positive fast-charging copper busbar 801. Each third relay unit 802 is provided with a third connection part 8022 and a fourth connection part 8023. The third connection part 8022 is electrically connected to one of the main positive copper busbars 301 of the main positive relay 30 via welding, and the fourth connection part 8023 is electrically connected to the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801, forming a structure in which multiple third relay units 802 are connected in parallel between the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801. The third connection part 8022 and the fourth connection part 8023 can be connected to the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801 by bolts. As long as the third relay unit 802 can be fixed and electrically connected to the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801, the specific connection method is not limited in this application embodiment. A third terminal 8011 is provided on the positive fast charging copper busbar 801. The third terminal 8011 is fixed to one end of the positive fast charging line 60, while the other end of the positive fast charging line 60 is connected to the positive terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. This allows all the parallel third relay units 802 to be connected in series on the positive fast charging line 60 through the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast charging copper busbar 801, thereby realizing the on / off control of the positive line of the fast charging circuit.

[0066] Understandably, by setting up the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801 and connecting the third connection part 8022 of the third relay unit 802 to the main positive copper busbar 301 and the fourth connection part 8023 to the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801, the fast-charging circuit and the main circuit are connected in a compact manner through the copper busbar, reducing the problem of messy wiring. The positive fast-charging copper busbar 801 can not only efficiently carry the large current during fast charging and reduce conductive loss, but also dissipate the working heat of the third relay unit 802 through its own heat dissipation characteristics, improving the safety of the fast-charging process. At the same time, by using the third terminal 8011 to connect to the positive fast-charging line 60, the assembly process of the fast-charging circuit is simplified, and the standardized copper busbar structure facilitates mass production, further enhancing the structural stability and versatility of the high-voltage distribution box in fast-charging function.

[0067] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, both the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast charging copper busbar 801 are provided with monitoring terminals 100, which are electrically connected to the controller 50. The monitoring terminals 100 are used to monitor the current and / or voltage on the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast charging copper busbar 801, and to transfer the current and / or voltage to the controller 50.

[0068] Specifically, both the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801 are equipped with monitoring terminals 100. These monitoring terminals 100 can be current and voltage sensors with signal transmission pins. The terminals can be connected to the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801 via soldering; this embodiment does not limit the specific connection method. The monitoring terminal 100 on the main positive copper busbar 301 is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 50, used to collect the current and voltage values ​​on the main positive copper busbar 301 in real time. Similarly, the monitoring terminal 100 on the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801 is also connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 50, used to collect the current and voltage values ​​on the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801. When the high-voltage distribution box is in power supply or fast-charging mode, the two monitoring terminals 100 continuously transmit the collected real-time current and voltage data to the controller 50 for analysis and processing. The controller 50 analyzes whether to disconnect the main positive relay 30 or the positive fast charging relay 80, and transmits the control information to the first relay unit 302 and the third relay unit 802 to realize the circuit switching.

[0069] Understandably, by setting monitoring terminals 100 connected to the controller 50 on the main positive copper busbar 301 and the positive fast-charging copper busbar 801, the current and voltage parameters of the main circuit and the fast-charging circuit can be monitored in real time. This allows the controller 50 to promptly grasp the operating status of the two circuits, providing a precise basis for adjusting the number of conducting relay units (such as adapting the number of conducting units according to the current magnitude). Simultaneously, if abnormal conditions such as overcurrent or overvoltage occur in the circuit, the monitoring terminals 100 can quickly transmit the abnormal signal to the controller 50, facilitating the controller 50 to promptly disconnect the relevant relay units to protect the circuit, thus improving the safety and intelligent control level of the high-voltage distribution box. Furthermore, the monitoring terminals 100 are directly integrated on the copper busbars, reducing the complexity of additional wiring and making signal acquisition more direct and reliable.

[0070] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the main negative relay 40 also includes two main negative copper busbars 401, and the second relay unit 402 includes a fifth connection part 4022 and a sixth connection part 4023; the fifth connection part 4022 is electrically connected to one main negative copper busbar 401, and the sixth connection part 4023 is electrically connected to the other main negative copper busbar 401; one main negative copper busbar 401 is provided with a fourth terminal 4011, and the other main negative copper busbar 401 is provided with a fifth terminal 4012. The fourth terminal 4011 and the fifth terminal 4012 are both electrically connected to the negative busbar 20, so that the second relay unit 402 is connected in series on the negative busbar 20.

[0071] Specifically, the main negative relay 40 includes two parallel main negative copper busbars 401. Each second relay unit 402 is provided with a fifth connecting part 4022 and a sixth connecting part 4023. The fifth connecting part 4022 is fixedly and electrically connected to one main negative copper busbar 401, and the sixth connecting part 4023 is also fixedly and electrically connected to the other main negative copper busbar 401, forming a structure in which multiple second relay units 402 are connected in parallel between the two main negative copper busbars 401. The fifth connecting part 4022 and the sixth connecting part 4023 can be connected to the main negative copper busbars 401 by bolts. As long as the second relay unit 402 can be fixedly and electrically connected to the main negative copper busbar 401, the specific connection method is not limited in this embodiment. Two main negative copper busbars 401 are respectively equipped with a fourth terminal 4011 and a fifth terminal 4012. The fourth terminal 4011 is electrically connected to the end of the negative busbar 20 near the negative terminal of the power battery, and the fifth terminal 4012 is electrically connected to the end of the negative busbar 20 near the negative terminal of the load device. This allows all the parallel second relay units 402 to be connected in series on the negative busbar 20 through the two main negative copper busbars 401, thereby realizing the on / off control of the current of the negative busbar 20.

[0072] Understandably, by integrating multiple second relay units 402 in parallel through two main negative copper busbars 401 and connecting them to the negative busbar 20 using the terminals on the copper busbars, the structure of the main negative relay 40 becomes more compact, reducing the redundancy of the circuit caused by distributed connections. Simultaneously, the copper busbars possess excellent conductivity and heat dissipation performance, effectively carrying the total current when multiple relay units are conducting, reducing line losses and the risk of overheating. Furthermore, this integrated design facilitates the rapid assembly of the main negative relay 40 with the negative busbar 20, improving the production efficiency of the high-voltage distribution box, and the unified connection structure also provides convenience for subsequent maintenance and replacement of relay units.

[0073] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the negative fast charging relay 90 also includes a negative fast charging copper busbar 901, and the fourth relay unit 902 includes a seventh connection part 9022 and an eighth connection part 9023; the seventh connection part 9022 is electrically connected to a main negative copper busbar 401, and the eighth connection part 9023 is electrically connected to the negative fast charging copper busbar 901; the negative fast charging copper busbar 901 is provided with a sixth terminal 9011, and the sixth terminal 9011 is electrically connected to one end of the negative fast charging line 70, so that the fourth relay unit 902 is connected in series with the negative fast charging line 70.

[0074] Specifically, the negative fast-charging relay 90 includes a negative fast-charging copper busbar 901. Each fourth relay unit 902 is provided with a seventh connection part 9022 and an eighth connection part 9023. The seventh connection part 9022 is fixedly and electrically connected to one of the main negative copper busbars 401 of the main negative relay 40, and the eighth connection part 9023 is also fixedly and electrically connected to the negative fast-charging copper busbar 901, forming a structure in which multiple fourth relay units 902 are connected in parallel between the main negative copper busbar 401 and the negative fast-charging copper busbar 901. The seventh connection part 9022 and the eighth connection part 9023 can be connected to the corresponding copper busbars by bolts. As long as the fourth relay unit 902 can be fixed and electrically connected to the copper busbar, the specific connection method is not limited in this embodiment. The negative fast charging copper busbar 901 is provided with a sixth terminal 9011, which is electrically connected to one end of the negative fast charging line 70. The other end of the negative fast charging line 70 is connected to the negative terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. This allows all the parallel fourth relay units 902 to be connected in series with the negative fast charging line 70 through the main negative copper busbar 401 and the negative fast charging copper busbar 901, thereby realizing the on / off control of the negative line of the fast charging circuit.

[0075] Understandably, by setting up a negative fast-charging copper busbar 901 and connecting the seventh connection part 9022 of the fourth relay unit 902 to the main negative copper busbar 401 and the eighth connection part 9023 to the negative fast-charging copper busbar 901, a compact electrical connection is achieved between the fast-charging negative circuit and the main negative circuit through the copper busbar, reducing redundancy caused by dispersed lines. Simultaneously, the excellent conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the copper busbar can effectively carry the large current during fast charging, reducing line losses and the risk of overheating. Furthermore, this integrated design facilitates the rapid assembly of the negative fast-charging relay 90 and the negative fast-charging line 70, improving the production efficiency of the high-voltage distribution box, and the unified connection structure also provides convenience for subsequent maintenance and replacement of the fourth relay unit 902.

[0076] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, both the main negative copper busbar 401 and the negative fast charging copper busbar 901 are equipped with monitoring terminals 100, which are electrically connected to the controller 50. The monitoring terminals 100 are used to monitor the current and / or voltage on the main negative copper busbar 401 and the negative fast charging copper busbar 901, and to transfer the current and / or voltage to the controller 50.

[0077] Specifically, both the main negative copper busbar 401 and the negative fast-charging copper busbar 901 are equipped with monitoring terminals 100. These monitoring terminals 100 can be current and voltage sensors with signal transmission pins. The monitoring terminals 100 can be connected to the main negative copper busbar 401 and the negative fast-charging copper busbar 901 by soldering; this embodiment does not limit the specific connection method. The monitoring terminal 100 on the main negative copper busbar 401 is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 50, used to collect the current and voltage values ​​on the main negative copper busbar 401 in real time. Similarly, the monitoring terminal 100 on the negative fast-charging copper busbar 901 is also connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 50, used to collect the current and voltage values ​​on the negative fast-charging copper busbar 901. When the high-voltage distribution box is in power supply or fast-charging mode, the two monitoring terminals 100 continuously transmit the collected real-time current and voltage data to the controller 50 for analysis and processing. The controller 50 analyzes whether to disconnect the main negative relay 40 or the negative fast charging relay 90, and transmits the control information to the second relay unit 402 and the fourth relay unit 902 to realize the circuit switching.

[0078] Understandably, by setting monitoring terminals 100 connected to the controller 50 on the main negative copper busbar 401 and the negative fast charging copper busbar 901, the current and voltage parameters of the main circuit and the fast charging circuit can be monitored in real time. This allows the controller 50 to promptly grasp the operating status of the two circuits, providing a precise basis for adjusting the number of conducting relay units (such as adapting the number of conducting units according to the current magnitude). Simultaneously, if abnormal conditions such as overcurrent or overvoltage occur in the circuit, the monitoring terminals 100 can quickly transmit the abnormal signal to the controller 50, facilitating the controller 50 to promptly disconnect the relevant relay units to protect the circuit, thus improving the safety and intelligent control level of the high-voltage distribution box. Furthermore, the monitoring terminals 100 are directly integrated onto the copper busbars, reducing the complexity of additional wiring and making signal acquisition more direct and reliable.

[0079] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the high-voltage distribution box also includes a mounting assembly 110 and a thermal pad 120; the mounting assembly 110 has a liquid cooling channel inside, and the main positive relay 30, the main negative relay 40, the positive fast charging relay 80 and the negative fast charging relay 90 are all mounted on the mounting assembly 110; the thermal pad 120 is stacked along a first direction on the side of the mounting assembly 110 near the main positive relay 30, and the first direction is the thickness direction of the thermal pad 120.

[0080] Specifically, the mounting assembly 110 of the high-voltage distribution box can be a rectangular frame structure made of aluminum alloy, with a serpentine liquid-cooling channel running through its interior along its length. The liquid-cooling channel has a coolant inlet and an outlet at each end for connecting to an external cooling system. The main positive relay 30, main negative relay 40, positive fast-charging relay 80, and negative fast-charging relay 90 can be fixed to the surface of the mounting assembly 110 with bolts; this embodiment does not limit the specific installation method. A thermal pad 120 is provided between each relay and the mounting assembly 110. The thermal pad 120 can be made of high thermal conductivity silicone; this embodiment does not limit the specific material. It is stacked along the thickness direction between the mounting assembly 110 and the main positive relay 30, covering the entire bottom surface of the main positive relay 30. When the high-voltage distribution box is working, the coolant circulates in the liquid-cooling channel, conducting the heat generated by each relay to the mounting assembly 110 and dissipating it through the thermal pad 120.

[0081] Understandably, by incorporating an internal liquid-cooled flow channel in the mounting assembly 110 and layering thermal pads 120 between each relay and the mounting assembly 110, the heat generated during the operation of the main positive relay 30, main negative relay 40, positive fast-charging relay 80, and negative fast-charging relay 90 can be efficiently conducted to the coolant. This achieves effective heat dissipation for each relay, reducing the risk of performance degradation and shortened lifespan due to overheating. Simultaneously, the thermal pads 120 not only enhance heat conduction efficiency but also provide insulation and vibration damping, improving the electrical safety and structural stability of the high-voltage distribution box. Furthermore, the integrated liquid-cooled heat dissipation structure reduces the need for external heat dissipation equipment, resulting in a smaller overall size and more compact structure for the high-voltage distribution box. This facilitates high-voltage power distribution within limited space and enhances the adaptability of the high-voltage distribution box for applications in fields such as new energy vehicles.

[0082] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the high-voltage distribution box also includes an insulating layer 130, which is stacked along the first direction on the side of the thermal pad 120 near the main positive relay 30.

[0083] Specifically, an insulating layer 130 is stacked on the side of the thermal pad 120 near the main positive relay 30 in the high-voltage distribution box. This insulating layer 130 can be made of polyimide film; the specific material is not limited in this embodiment. Its area matches the surface of the thermal pad 120 and can be firmly attached to the thermal pad 120 using a high-temperature resistant adhesive. The insulating layer 130 tightly covers the thermal pad 120 along its thickness direction, completely enveloping the bottom surface and part of the side surface of the main positive relay 30, forming a continuous and complete electrical isolation barrier. Similarly, the same insulating layer 130 of the same specifications and structure is also provided on the side of the thermal pad 120 corresponding to the main negative relay 40, the positive fast-charging relay 80, and the negative fast-charging relay 90 near each relay, ensuring reliable insulation between all relays and the thermal pad 120.

[0084] Understandably, by layering an insulating layer 130 between the thermal pad 120 and each relay, the high-voltage circuit of the relay can be effectively isolated from the thermal pad 120 and the mounting assembly 110, preventing safety hazards caused by current leakage and significantly improving the electrical safety of the high-voltage distribution box. The insulating layer 130 not only possesses excellent insulation properties but also exhibits good high-temperature resistance and chemical stability, maintaining stable performance during long-term operation of the high-voltage distribution box and preventing insulation performance degradation due to environmental factors. Furthermore, the tight fit between the insulating layer 130 and the thermal pad 120 ensures electrical isolation without significantly affecting the efficiency of heat transfer from the relay to the thermal pad 120, thus maintaining the heat dissipation performance of the high-voltage distribution box while ensuring safety, achieving a balanced optimization of safety and performance.

[0085] In some embodiments, the controller 50 is a printed circuit board integrating a battery management system. The first control terminal 3021 of the main positive relay 30, the second control terminal 4021 of the main negative relay 40, the third control terminal 8021 of the positive fast charging relay 80, the fourth control terminal 9021 of the negative fast charging relay 90, and the monitoring terminals 100 on each copper busbar can all be directly soldered to the corresponding pads on the printed circuit board. Designing the controller 50 as a printed circuit board integrating a battery management system and directly connecting all control terminals and monitoring terminals 100 eliminates the contact resistance and signal interference problems caused by traditional wiring harness connections, improving the reliability and response speed of signal transmission. The integrated design of the printed circuit board reduces the space occupied inside the high-voltage distribution box, making the structure more compact, while reducing assembly complexity and production costs.

[0086] On the other hand, this application also provides a battery pack, which includes the high-voltage distribution box of any of the above.

[0087] Specifically, the battery pack in this embodiment includes a housing, a power battery pack disposed within the housing, and a high-voltage distribution box as described above. The high-voltage distribution box can be fixed to the inner wall of the housing with bolts. The load device connection end of the high-voltage distribution box extends to the outside of the housing via a cable for connecting loads such as vehicle motors. The fast-charging high-voltage connector interface also extends to the outside of the housing for connecting to a fast-charging station. When the battery pack is working, the main positive relay 30 and the main negative relay 40 in the high-voltage distribution box control the circuit connection between the power battery pack and the load device. The positive fast-charging relay 80 and the negative fast-charging relay 90 control the connection of the fast-charging circuit. Each relay can adjust the number of conducting units via the controller 50 to adapt to different current requirements.

[0088] Understandably, by integrating the aforementioned high-voltage distribution box, the battery pack can adapt to different specifications of power battery packs and load devices through the universal design of the high-voltage distribution box. This eliminates the need to develop dedicated high-voltage distribution boxes for different battery packs, effectively shortening the battery pack development cycle and reducing mold development costs. Simultaneously, the intelligent control and efficient heat dissipation features of the high-voltage distribution box enhance the overall safety and operational stability of the battery pack, enabling it to adapt to diverse application scenarios. Whether in ordinary power supply or fast charging scenarios, reliable operation can be achieved by adjusting the number of conducting relay units, enhancing the battery pack's market competitiveness and application flexibility. In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

Claims

1. A high voltage distribution box, characterized in that, The high-voltage distribution box includes: a positive busbar (10), a negative busbar (20), a main positive relay (30), a main negative relay (40), and a controller (50); One end of the positive busbar (10) is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power battery, and the other end of the positive busbar (10) is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the load device. The main positive relay (30) is connected in series with the positive busbar (10). One end of the negative busbar (20) is used to be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power battery, and the other end of the negative busbar (20) is used to be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the load device. The main negative relay (40) is connected in series with the negative busbar (20). The main positive relay (30) includes a plurality of independent first relay units (302), which are arranged in parallel and are all electrically connected to the controller (50). The controller (50) is used to control a preset number of the first relay units (302) in the main positive relay (30) to be in the conducting state. And / or, the main negative relay (40) includes a plurality of independent second relay units (402), the plurality of second relay units (402) are arranged in parallel and are all electrically connected to the controller (50), the controller (50) is used to control a preset number of second relay units (402) in the main negative relay (40) to be in the conducting state.

2. The high-voltage distribution box of claim 1, wherein, The high-voltage distribution box also includes: a positive fast charging cable (60), a negative fast charging cable (70), a positive fast charging relay (80), and a negative fast charging relay (90); One end of the positive fast charging cable (60) is electrically connected to the positive bus (10), and the other end of the positive fast charging cable (60) is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. The positive fast charging relay (80) is connected in series with the positive fast charging cable (60). One end of the negative fast charging cable (70) is electrically connected to the negative bus (20), and the other end of the negative fast charging cable (70) is used to be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the fast charging high voltage connector. The negative fast charging relay (90) is connected in series with the negative fast charging cable (70). The positive fast charging relay (80) includes multiple independent third relay units (802), which are connected in parallel and are all electrically connected to the controller (50). The controller (50) is used to control a preset number of third relay units (802) in the positive fast charging relay (80) to be in the on state. And / or, the negative fast charging relay (90) includes a plurality of independent fourth relay units (902), the plurality of fourth relay units (902) are arranged in parallel and are all electrically connected to the controller (50), the controller (50) is used to control a preset number of fourth relay units (902) in the negative fast charging relay (90) to be in the conducting state.

3. The high voltage distribution box of claim 2, wherein, The main positive relay (30) also includes two main positive copper busbars (301), and the first relay unit (302) includes a first connecting part (3022) and a second connecting part (3023); The first connecting part (3022) is electrically connected to one of the main positive copper busbars (301), and the second connecting part (3023) is electrically connected to the other main positive copper busbar (301); One of the main positive copper busbars (301) is provided with a first terminal (3011), and the other main positive copper busbar (301) is provided with a second terminal (3012). The first terminal (3011) and the second terminal (3012) are both electrically connected to the positive busbar (10) so that the first relay unit (302) is connected in series with the positive busbar (10).

4. The high voltage distribution box of claim 3, wherein, The positive fast charging relay (80) also includes a positive fast charging copper busbar (801), and the third relay unit (802) includes a third connecting part (8022) and a fourth connecting part (8023); The third connection part (8022) is electrically connected to one of the main positive copper busbars (301), and the fourth connection part (8023) is electrically connected to the positive fast charging copper busbar (801); The positive fast charging copper busbar (801) is provided with a third terminal (8011), which is electrically connected to one end of the positive fast charging line (60) so that the third relay unit (802) is connected in series with the positive fast charging line (60).

5. The high-voltage distribution box of claim 4, wherein, Both the main positive copper busbar (301) and the positive fast charging copper busbar (801) are provided with monitoring terminals (100), and the monitoring terminals (100) are electrically connected to the controller (50); The monitoring terminal (100) is used to monitor the current and / or voltage on the main positive copper busbar (301) and the positive fast charging copper busbar (801), and to transmit the current and / or voltage to the controller (50).

6. The high voltage distribution box of claim 2, wherein, The main negative relay (40) also includes two main negative copper busbars (401), and the second relay unit (402) includes a fifth connection part (4022) and a sixth connection part (4023); The fifth connecting part (4022) is electrically connected to one of the main negative copper busbars (401), and the sixth connecting part (4023) is electrically connected to the other main negative copper busbar (401); One of the main negative copper busbars (401) is provided with a fourth terminal (4011), and the other main negative copper busbar (401) is provided with a fifth terminal (4012). The fourth terminal (4011) and the fifth terminal (4012) are both electrically connected to the negative busbar (20) so that the second relay unit (402) is connected in series with the negative busbar (20).

7. The high-voltage distribution box of claim 6, wherein, The negative fast charging relay (90) also includes a negative fast charging copper busbar (901), and the fourth relay unit (902) includes a seventh connecting part (9022) and an eighth connecting part (9023); The seventh connection part (9022) is electrically connected to one of the main negative copper busbars (401), and the eighth connection part (9023) is electrically connected to the negative fast charging copper busbar (901); The negative fast charging copper busbar (901) is provided with a sixth terminal (9011), which is electrically connected to one end of the negative fast charging line (70) so that the fourth relay unit (902) is connected in series with the negative fast charging line (70).

8. The high-voltage distribution box of claim 7, wherein, Both the main negative copper busbar (401) and the negative fast charging copper busbar (901) are provided with monitoring terminals (100), and the monitoring terminals (100) are electrically connected to the controller (50); The monitoring terminal (100) is used to monitor the current and / or voltage on the main negative copper busbar (401) and the negative fast charging copper busbar (901), and to transmit the current and / or voltage to the controller (50).

9. The high voltage distribution box of claim 2, wherein, The high-voltage distribution box also includes a mounting assembly (110) and a thermal pad (120); The mounting assembly (110) is provided with a liquid cooling channel inside, and the main positive relay (30), the main negative relay (40), the positive fast charging relay (80) and the negative fast charging relay (90) are all mounted on the mounting assembly (110); The thermal pad (120) is stacked along a first direction on the side of the mounting assembly (110) near the main positive relay (30), where the first direction is the thickness direction of the thermal pad (120).

10. The high-voltage distribution box of claim 9, wherein, The high-voltage distribution box also includes an insulating layer (130), which is stacked along the first direction on the side of the thermal pad (120) near the main positive relay (30).

11. A battery pack, characterized by The battery pack includes the high-voltage distribution box as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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