Multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system for electric boats

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of electric boat technology, specifically relating to a multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for electric boats. It achieves intelligent and automated control of the power switching process by setting up a backup power supply composed of a supercapacitor and photovoltaic modules connected in parallel, a control logic circuit based on transistors, MOSFETs, and operational amplifiers, and a relay group composed of multiple normally open and normally closed contacts. Combined with a voltage detection circuit to continuously monitor the voltage status of each power supply, this system can accurately identify the state where the main power supply voltage drops to a set threshold and complete a seamless switch to the backup power supply within milliseconds, avoiding the risk of equipment downtime due to power outages and significantly improving the power supply stability and operational safety of electric boats in complex operating environments. At the same time, the system has good scalability and energy-saving characteristics, which helps to promote the optimization and upgrading of electric boat energy management systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of electric boat technology, specifically relating to a multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for electric boats. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, electric boats, as an important form of clean energy transportation, are widely used in urban waterway sightseeing, short-distance commuting, and environmental monitoring. In practical applications, electric boats typically rely on a single power supply system, such as a lithium battery pack operating as the main power source. While this approach is simple in structure, it carries the risk of power instability during long voyages or in unexpected situations. For example, the lack of a timely and effective backup power mechanism when the lithium battery is depleted, experiences a sudden voltage drop, or malfunctions can easily lead to serious problems such as propulsion motor failure and control system power loss, affecting the safety and reliability of the electric boat.

[0003] To address these issues, some existing electric boat power supply systems have introduced dual-power switching mechanisms, using simple relay control to achieve manual or semi-automatic switching between primary and backup power sources. However, these solutions often rely on manual judgment or fixed-time switching strategies, lacking real-time monitoring capabilities for power status. They struggle to respond quickly to actual voltage changes and are susceptible to transient voltage fluctuations, leading to erroneous switching or power outages. Furthermore, existing systems generally do not fully utilize renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, failing to effectively improve energy efficiency and range.

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem that the existing technology urgently needs to solve is: how to achieve real-time monitoring of the status of the main power supply and the backup power supply during the operation of electric ships, and to quickly and stably switch to the backup power supply when the main power supply is abnormal, so as to ensure the continuity and safety of power supply. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for electric ships. It can not only accurately identify the state of the main power supply voltage dropping to a set threshold, but also complete the seamless switching to the backup power supply in milliseconds, avoiding the risk of equipment downtime caused by power outages. It significantly improves the power supply stability and operational safety of electric ships in complex operating environments, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for electric boats, including a main power supply, a backup power supply, a voltage detection circuit, a relay group, a control logic circuit, and a load terminal;

[0007] The main power source is a lithium battery pack, and the backup power source consists of a supercapacitor and a photovoltaic module connected in parallel.

[0008] The voltage detection circuit is connected to the output terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply respectively, and is used to monitor the voltage status of each power supply and transmit the signal to the control logic circuit.

[0009] The control logic circuit consists of transistors, field-effect transistors and operational amplifiers, and determines whether to trigger the relay group to switch power based on the information fed back by the voltage detection circuit.

[0010] The relay group includes multiple normally open contacts and normally closed contacts, which are respectively connected to the positive terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply, and are controlled by the control logic circuit.

[0011] The load end is the propulsion motor of the electric boat and its associated electronic equipment, which is connected to the common terminal of the relay group.

[0012] Preferably, the voltage detection circuit consists of two independent detection branches, each consisting of a voltage divider resistor network, a comparator, and a filter capacitor;

[0013] The voltage divider resistor network consists of two resistors with fixed resistance values ​​connected in series. One end is connected to the corresponding power output terminal, the other end is grounded, and the middle node serves as the reference voltage output terminal.

[0014] The non-inverting input of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage, and the inverting input is connected to a reference voltage source.

[0015] The filter capacitor is connected to the output of the comparator.

[0016] Preferably, the reference voltage source is composed of a Zener diode and a current-limiting resistor;

[0017] When the power supply voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high-level signal;

[0018] When the power supply voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low-level signal.

[0019] Preferably, the transistors in the control logic circuit are complementary transistor pairs, including an NPN transistor and a PNP transistor;

[0020] When the main power supply voltage is higher than the reference value, the NPN transistor is turned on, which reduces the gate voltage of the P-channel MOSFET and keeps the main power supply side relay in the closed state.

[0021] When the main power supply voltage is lower than the reference value, the PNP transistor is turned on, which increases the gate voltage of the P-channel MOSFET and cuts off the main power supply path.

[0022] Preferably, the detection signal of the backup power supply is applied to an N-channel MOSFET;

[0023] When the backup power supply voltage is higher than the reference value, the N-channel MOSFET turns on, causing the relay on the backup power supply side to close.

[0024] Preferably, the relay group consists of multiple double-pole double-throw relays, each relay including a set of normally open contacts and a set of normally closed contacts;

[0025] The relay coil is controlled by a MOSFET in the control logic circuit; when the MOSFET is turned on, the relay coil is energized, the contacts switch, and the power supply path is changed.

[0026] Preferably, fuses and resettable fuses are provided at the output terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply.

[0027] Technical effects and advantages of this utility model: The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system for electric ships proposed in this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0028] This invention achieves intelligent and automated control of the power switching process by incorporating a backup power supply consisting of a supercapacitor and photovoltaic modules connected in parallel, a control logic circuit based on transistors, MOSFETs, and operational amplifiers, and a relay group composed of multiple normally open and normally closed contacts. Combined with a voltage detection circuit for continuous monitoring of the voltage status of each power supply, this system not only accurately identifies when the main power supply voltage drops to a set threshold but also completes a seamless switch to the backup power supply within milliseconds, avoiding the risk of equipment downtime due to power outages and significantly improving the power supply stability and operational safety of electric boats in complex operating environments. Furthermore, the system possesses excellent scalability and energy-saving characteristics, contributing to the optimization and upgrading of electric boat energy management systems. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system applicable to electric ships according to this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] This utility model provides, for example Figure 1The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system shown is suitable for electric boats and mainly consists of a main power supply, a backup power supply, a voltage detection circuit, a relay group, a control logic circuit, and a load terminal.

[0032] The main power supply uses lithium battery packs to provide the primary power source; the backup power supply consists of supercapacitors and photovoltaic modules connected in parallel, which is used to quickly supplement power when the main power supply is insufficient or in the event of a sudden failure.

[0033] The voltage detection circuit includes several voltage divider resistors, comparators, and filter capacitors, which are connected to the output terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply, respectively. It is used to monitor the voltage status of each power supply in real time and transmit the signal to the control logic circuit.

[0034] The control logic circuit consists of several transistors, MOSFETs, and operational amplifiers. It determines whether to trigger the relay group to switch power based on the information fed back from the voltage detection circuit.

[0035] The relay group includes multiple normally open and normally closed contacts, which are respectively connected to the positive terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply, and are controlled by the control logic circuit.

[0036] The load side consists of the electric boat's propulsion motor and its associated electronic equipment, connected to the common terminal of the relay group to ensure power input under all conditions. The overall system design fully considers redundancy and response speed, improving energy efficiency while ensuring the electric boat's navigation safety.

[0037] The voltage detection circuit consists of two independent detection branches, corresponding to the main power supply and the backup power supply respectively. Each branch comprises a voltage divider resistor network, a comparator, and a filter capacitor. The voltage divider resistor network consists of two resistors of fixed resistance connected in series, one end of which is connected to the corresponding power supply output terminal, and the other end is grounded, with the intermediate node serving as the reference voltage output terminal. The reference voltage is fed into the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator, while the inverting input terminal of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage source, which is composed of a Zener diode and a current-limiting resistor to ensure its stability.

[0038] When the voltage of the main power supply or backup power supply is higher than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high-level signal; otherwise, it outputs a low-level signal. To prevent misjudgment due to transient fluctuations, a filter capacitor is connected to the output of each comparator to smooth signal changes and improve detection accuracy.

[0039] The control logic circuit, based on the output signal of the voltage detection circuit, executes power switching decisions and drives the relay group to complete the corresponding actions. This circuit consists of several transistors, MOSFETs, and operational amplifiers, forming an analog circuit system with logical decision-making capabilities.

[0040] Each comparator's output signal is connected to a pair of complementary NPN-PNP transistors for signal amplification and direction control. When the main power supply voltage is detected as high, the NPN transistor turns on, lowering the gate voltage of the P-channel MOSFET and keeping the relay on the main power supply side closed. Conversely, if the main power supply voltage is lower than the reference value, the comparator output goes low, the PNP transistor turns on, raising the gate voltage of the P-channel MOSFET and cutting off the main power supply path.

[0041] Meanwhile, the backup power supply detection signal undergoes similar processing, but is applied to the N-channel MOSFET. When the backup power supply voltage is higher than the reference value, the N-channel MOSFET turns on, causing the relay on the backup power supply side to close, thereby connecting the backup power supply path. The operational amplifier further enhances signal stability and, if necessary, introduces hysteresis to prevent frequent switching due to small voltage fluctuations.

[0042] For example, when the main power supply voltage is close to the critical value, the operational amplifier can use internal feedback to adjust the MOSFET to keep it in the on state for a period of time, thereby reducing unnecessary switching.

[0043] The relay group consists of multiple double-pole double-throw (DPDT) relays. Each relay includes a set of normally open contacts and a set of normally closed contacts, which are connected to the positive terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply, respectively. The coils of these relays are controlled by MOSFETs in the control logic circuit. When the MOSFET is turned on, the relay coil is energized, the contacts switch, and thus the power supply path is changed.

[0044] During power switching, when the main power supply voltage drops below a set threshold, the P-channel MOSFET in the control logic circuit is turned off, causing the relay coil on the main power supply side to be de-energized. The normally closed contacts open, and the normally open contacts close, allowing the backup power supply to begin supplying power to the load. Simultaneously, the N-channel MOSFET turns on, energizing the relay coil on the backup power supply side and ensuring its contacts close stably, thus completing a seamless switch. Since the relay's action time is typically on the order of milliseconds, the power interruption time at the load end is extremely short throughout the entire switching process, and will not affect the normal operation of the electric boat's propulsion motor and other critical electronic equipment.

[0045] During system operation, the main power supply continuously supplies power to the load, while the voltage detection circuit monitors its voltage status in real time. When the main power supply voltage is detected to be higher than the reference value, the control logic circuit maintains the current state, the relay group keeps the main power supply side conducting, and the backup power supply is in standby mode. Once the main power supply voltage drops to a critical value, the voltage detection circuit immediately transmits a signal to the control logic circuit, causing the P-channel MOSFET to turn off and the main power supply side relay to open. At the same time, the backup power supply detection branch begins to function. If its voltage meets the power supply requirements, the control logic circuit drives the N-channel MOSFET to turn on, triggering the backup power supply side relay to close, thereby completing the power supply path switching.

[0046] During the switching process, the control logic circuit also incorporates a brief delay mechanism to ensure that the main power supply is completely disconnected before the backup power supply is connected, thereby avoiding the risk of short circuits caused by simultaneous connection of two power supplies. In addition, the system has an automatic recovery function. When the main power supply voltage returns to the normal range, the control logic circuit reactivates the relay on the main power supply side to restore its power supply status, while the backup power supply re-enters standby mode.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-source power intelligent switching control system for an electric boat, characterized in that, Includes main power supply, backup power supply, voltage detection circuit, relay group, control logic circuit and load terminal; The main power source is a lithium battery pack, and the backup power source consists of a supercapacitor and a photovoltaic module connected in parallel. The voltage detection circuit is connected to the output terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply respectively, and is used to monitor the voltage status of each power supply and transmit the signal to the control logic circuit. The control logic circuit consists of transistors, field-effect transistors and operational amplifiers, and determines whether to trigger the relay group to switch power based on the information fed back by the voltage detection circuit. The relay group includes multiple normally open contacts and normally closed contacts, which are respectively connected to the positive terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply, and are controlled by the control logic circuit. The load end is the propulsion motor of the electric boat and its associated electronic equipment, which is connected to the common terminal of the relay group.

2. The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage detection circuit consists of two independent detection branches, each consisting of a voltage divider resistor network, a comparator, and a filter capacitor. The voltage divider resistor network consists of two resistors with fixed resistance values ​​connected in series. One end is connected to the corresponding power output terminal, the other end is grounded, and the middle node serves as the reference voltage output terminal. The non-inverting input of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage, and the inverting input is connected to a reference voltage source. The filter capacitor is connected to the output of the comparator.

3. The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for an electric ship according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reference voltage source consists of a Zener diode and a current-limiting resistor; When the power supply voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high-level signal; When the power supply voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low-level signal.

4. The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transistors in the control logic circuit are complementary transistor pairs, including NPN transistors and PNP transistors; When the main power supply voltage is higher than the reference value, the NPN transistor is turned on, which reduces the gate voltage of the P-channel MOSFET and keeps the main power supply side relay in the closed state. When the main power supply voltage is lower than the reference value, the PNP transistor is turned on, which increases the gate voltage of the P-channel MOSFET and cuts off the main power supply path.

5. The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system for electric boats according to claim 4, characterized in that, The detection signal of the backup power supply is applied to the N-channel MOSFET; When the backup power supply voltage is higher than the reference value, the N-channel MOSFET turns on, causing the relay on the backup power supply side to close.

6. The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relay group consists of multiple double-pole double-throw relays, each relay containing a set of normally open contacts and a set of normally closed contacts; The relay coil is controlled by a MOSFET in the control logic circuit; when the MOSFET is turned on, the relay coil is energized, the contacts switch, and the power supply path is changed.

7. The multi-source power supply intelligent switching control system suitable for an electric ship according to claim 1, characterized in that, Fuse and resettable fuse are installed at the output terminals of the main power supply and the backup power supply.

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