Frames and photovoltaic modules

Abstract

This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and provides a frame and a photovoltaic module. The frame includes a frame and a pressure-sensitive color-changing layer. The pressure-sensitive color-changing layer is disposed on the frame and is used to indicate the stress condition of the frame. This application uses a pressure-sensitive color-changing layer on the frame. When the frame is subjected to a load, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer at the higher load position will change color, thereby determining the magnitude and distribution of the load on the frame based on the color distribution. Therefore, the operator can use the color of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer on the frame as a stress detection indicator, and quickly locate the load concentration point based on the color distribution to determine whether maintenance is required. The frame structure of this application is simple and can intuitively detect the stress load state on the frame, effectively avoiding the risk of structural damage to the frame due to stress concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a frame and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic (PV) modules are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. They generally consist of a laminate containing solar cells and a frame. The frame protects the laminate, improves the mechanical strength of the PV module, and enhances its sealing performance, thus ensuring stable operation in outdoor environments. Therefore, the structural stability of the frame determines the lifespan of the PV module. However, in practical applications, due to varying stress loads on different parts of the frame, structural failure at stress concentration points is only detected when the frame undergoes structural deformation. At this point, the PV module may also be damaged or infiltrated by moisture, affecting its performance and lifespan. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a frame capable of detecting stress loads, allowing for maintenance based on load conditions, and preventing structural failure of the frame from impacting the performance and lifespan of the PV module. Utility Model Content

[0003] Based on this, this application provides a frame and photovoltaic module with a simple structure that facilitates the detection of stress load status.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a border, the border comprising:

[0005] Framework; and,

[0006] A pressure-sensitive color-changing layer is disposed on the frame.

[0007] In some embodiments, the border also includes a transparent protective layer that covers the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the frame further includes an adhesive layer disposed between the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer and the frame.

[0009] In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer covers at least a portion of the surface of the frame.

[0010] In some embodiments, the frame has a groove, and the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer is disposed in the groove.

[0011] In some embodiments, a limiting structure is provided at the opening of the groove, the limiting structure being used to limit and fix the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer includes a plurality of pressure-sensitive color-changing particles embedded in the surface of the frame.

[0013] In some embodiments, the average particle size Dv50 of the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles is 0.05 μm to 5 μm.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer includes a cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer material layer, a rhodamine material layer, or a spiropyran material layer.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module including a laminate and a frame as described in the first aspect, the laminate being disposed within the frame.

[0016] Compared with traditional technologies, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This application utilizes a pressure-sensitive color-changing layer on the frame. When the frame is under load, the color of the pressure-sensitive layer at higher load locations changes, allowing the operator to determine the magnitude and distribution of the load on the frame based on the color distribution. Therefore, the operator can use the color of the pressure-sensitive layer as a stress detection indicator for the frame and quickly locate load concentration points based on the color distribution to determine if maintenance is required. This application's frame structure is simple and allows for intuitive detection of the load state on the frame, effectively avoiding the risk of structural damage due to stress concentration. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a frame provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another type of frame provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another type of frame provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Among them, 100-border; 110-frame; 111-groove; 120-pressure-sensitive color-changing layer; 121-pressure-sensitive color-changing particles; 130-transparent protective layer; 200-photovoltaic module. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments, and examples. These embodiments and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The purpose of providing these embodiments and examples is to enable a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of the present application. It should also be understood that the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or alterations without departing from the spirit of the present application, and the equivalent forms obtained also fall within the protection scope of the present application. Furthermore, numerous specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a fuller understanding of the present application. It should be understood that the present application can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0024] It should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," "fixed," and "set" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this application, "optionally," "optionally," and "optional" mean that something is optional, that is, it means that it is selected from either "with" or "without." If there are multiple "optional" entries in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified, and there are no contradictions or mutual constraints, each "optional" entry shall be independent.

[0027] In this application, the technical features described in an open-ended manner include both closed technical solutions consisting of the listed features and open technical solutions that include the listed features.

[0028] In this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity, nor should they be construed as implicitly indicating the importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Moreover, "first," "second," etc., serve only as a non-exhaustive enumeration and should be understood not to constitute a closed limitation on quantity.

[0029] Traditionally, stress monitoring sensors can be used to detect the deformation or displacement of the frame, thereby analyzing the collected data and determining the stress on the frame. However, this testing method is complex and costly, making it difficult to perform real-time testing on large-scale outdoor photovoltaic modules and hindering the maintenance of these modules.

[0030] Based on this, the first aspect of this application provides a border 100, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a frame 110 and a pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120. The pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 is disposed on the frame 110 and is used to indicate the stress condition of the frame 100.

[0031] This application incorporates a pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 on the frame 100. When the frame 100 is under load, the color of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 at higher load locations changes, allowing the operator to determine the magnitude and distribution of the load on the frame 100 based on the color distribution. Therefore, the operator can use the color of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 as a stress detection indicator for the frame 100 and quickly locate load concentration points based on the color distribution to determine if maintenance is necessary. The frame 100 structure of this application is simple and allows for intuitive detection of the load state on the frame 100, effectively avoiding the risk of structural damage due to stress concentration.

[0032] It is understood that the frame 100 serves as the supporting and protective structure for the photovoltaic module 200. It is typically made of metal materials such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel, or of organic composite materials, thereby enhancing the overall structural strength and sealing performance of the photovoltaic module 200. Therefore, the structural type of the frame 110 in this application can be selected according to actual needs. For example, the frame 110 can be formed by multiple side beams, which can be connected and fixed using connectors. For example, the connectors can be structural adhesive or corner brackets for connection and fixation.

[0033] Furthermore, limiting components and mounting components can be installed on the edge beams to ensure the installation stability of the laminates. The mounting components can be clips installed on the edge beams, allowing for the installation and removal of the laminates. The limiting components can be limiting grooves installed on the edge beams to limit and fix the laminates.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this application, the piezochromic layer 120 refers to a material layer whose color or luminescence properties change reversibly or irreversibly with pressure when stimulated by external pressure. The principle of color change includes inducing molecular cis-trans isomerism equilibrium, electronic energy level perturbation, phase transition, or defect generation after pressure, thereby altering the absorption or emission spectrum of the material; or changing the molecular packing pattern through pressure, affecting fluorescence emission characteristics. Therefore, this application can select the material of the piezochromic layer 120 according to the actual application requirements.

[0035] In some embodiments, the piezochromic layer 120 includes a cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer material layer, a rhodamine material layer, a spiropyran material layer, or a polydiacetic acid-based material layer. Optionally, the piezochromic layer 120 may be formed by splicing together several material layers that detect different stress load ranges, thereby achieving a wider range of pressure load detection. For example, the piezochromic layer 120 includes multiple piezochromic spliced ​​layers disposed on the surface of the frame 110 spliced ​​together.

[0036] In some embodiments, the surface of the frame 110 where the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 is disposed has a surface treatment layer. This improves the bonding force between the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 and the frame 110, enabling it to effectively reflect the stress load state of the frame 110. For example, the surface treatment layer may be a roughening structure layer disposed on the surface of the frame 110, or it may be a modifier coating or adhesive layer disposed on the surface of the frame 110.

[0037] Optionally, when the frame 110 is made of a metal such as aluminum alloy, the piezochromic layer 120 can be a cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) layer, a rhodamine layer, or a spiropyran layer. Furthermore, an anodizing / sandblasting process can be used to surface-treat the frame 110 to ensure the adhesion stability between the piezochromic layer 120 and the frame 110, and to accurately display the stress distribution of the frame 100. When the frame 110 is made of a composite material, the composite material can include organic composite materials. For example, the piezochromic layer 120 can be made of an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) material or a polydiacetic acid-based material. This improves the bonding strength between the piezochromic layer 120 and the frame 110 made of the composite material, ensuring that the piezochromic layer 120 and the frame 110 maintain consistent stress distribution.

[0038] Understandably, taking the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 as an example, which contains spiropyran, the color of the pressure-sensitive color-changing material containing spiropyran is pale yellow when the pressure load is relatively small; and it turns red when the pressure load is relatively large. Therefore, the operator can judge the stress load state of the frame 100 based on the color change.

[0039] Furthermore, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 exhibits different colors under varying pressure loads. Therefore, the operator can carry their own colorimetric card or have one attached to the frame 100. By comparing the color of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 with the colorimetric card, the stress load state of the frame 100 can be determined more accurately.

[0040] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the frame 100 also includes a transparent protective layer 130, which covers the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120. It is understood that the material of the transparent protective layer 130 should be transparent and resistant to deterioration in outdoor environments, with good weather resistance and abrasion resistance, ensuring that the color of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 is clearly visible. For example, the transparent protective layer 130 may include a fluorocarbon resin layer, an acrylic resin layer, or a polycarbonate copolymer resin layer.

[0041] This application protects the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 by setting a transparent protective layer 130. This not only prevents the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 from being exposed to the outdoor environment and being worn, thus preventing the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 from being unable to visually display color changes, but also prevents aging and deterioration, thus preventing the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 from losing its color-changing function.

[0042] Alternatively, the transparent protective layer 130 may completely cover the entire pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120.

[0043] In some embodiments, the frame 100 further includes an adhesive layer (not shown) disposed between the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 and the frame 110. It is understood that the adhesive layer may be a silane coupling agent. This application improves the interfacial bonding force between the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 and the frame 110 by providing an adhesive layer, thereby further ensuring the bonding stability of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 on the frame 110.

[0044] For example Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 covers at least a portion of the surface of the frame 110. It is understood that the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 can be disposed in areas of stress concentration within the frame 110, thereby enabling focused monitoring of these stress concentration areas. Furthermore, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 can also be disposed in different areas of the frame 110 according to actual monitoring needs, thereby enabling comprehensive stress detection of the frame 110. For example, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 can be disposed in areas of the frame 110 exposed to the outside, facilitating observation after the color change of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120.

[0045] Exemplarily, a method for preparing a frame 110 with the above-mentioned surface covered with a pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Clean the surface of frame 110 to remove surface oil and oxide layer.

[0047] S2. Pre-treat the surface of frame 110, for example, by anodizing or sandblasting to increase the surface roughness of frame 110; or, apply an adhesive layer (e.g., silane coupling agent) to the surface of frame 110 to increase interfacial bonding.

[0048] S3. A slurry containing a pressure-sensitive material is coated onto the surface of the frame 110 to form a pressure-sensitive layer 120. And,

[0049] S4. A transparent protective layer 130 is coated on the outer surface of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, a groove 111 is formed on the frame 110. A pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 is disposed in the groove 111. By disposing the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 in the groove 111 of the frame 110, this application enables more direct detection of the pressure inside the frame 110, thereby improving the accuracy of the test.

[0051] Optionally, a reinforcing member can be provided within the groove 111. For example, a support frame can be provided along the circumference of the groove 111 to counteract the stress concentration caused by the groove 111 on the frame 110. This allows for real-time monitoring of stress loads while ensuring the structural strength of the frame 100.

[0052] Furthermore, when the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 is disposed within the groove 111, the transparent protective layer 130 can be disposed on the side of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 away from the groove 111. For example, the transparent protective layer 130 can be used to seal the opening of the groove 111.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, a limiting structure is provided at the opening of the groove 111. The limiting structure is used to limit and fix the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120. The limiting structure can be a protrusion provided along the opening of the groove 111, thereby confining the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 within the groove 111.

[0054] Exemplarily, a method for preparing the above-described pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 disposed in the groove 111 of the frame 110 is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1. A groove 111 with a limiting structure is opened on the frame 110, and the groove 111 is cleaned to remove surface oil and oxide layer.

[0056] S2. Then, the groove 111 is pretreated, for example, by anodizing or sandblasting to increase the surface roughness of the groove 111.

[0057] S3. A slurry containing a pressure-sensitive material is filled into the groove 111 to form a pressure-sensitive layer 120. And,

[0058] S4. Fill the surface of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 in the groove 111 with the material of the transparent protective layer 130 to form a transparent protective layer 130 sealing groove 111.

[0059] It is understood that this application may also provide the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 within the frame 110, such as by providing the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 on the surface layer of the frame 110, thereby presenting the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 and the frame 110 as an integral structure. Figure 3 As shown, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 includes a plurality of pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121, which are embedded in the surface of the frame 110. The average particle size Dv50 of the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 is 0.05 μm to 5 μm, for example, it can be 0.5 μm, 1.0 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.0 μm, 2.5 μm, 3.0 μm, 3.5 μm, 4.0 μm, 4.5 μm, or 5.0 μm.

[0060] This application disperses pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 on the surface of the frame 110, so that the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 are partially embedded in the frame 110 and partially exposed on the outer surface of the frame 110, which allows for a more intuitive detection of the stress condition inside the frame 110.

[0061] Optionally, when the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 are embedded on the surface of the frame 110, a transparent protective layer 130 can be provided to cover the area of ​​the frame 110 with the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121.

[0062] Exemplarily, a method for preparing the frame 100 in which the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 are dispersed within the frame 110 is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1. In the process of forming the frame 100 by injection molding of composite material, the composite material can be a thermoplastic resin material or a thermosetting resin material; in the process of forming the injection molded body, pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 are placed on the surface of the injection molded body, so that the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 are embedded in the surface of the injection molded body and exposed.

[0064] S2. After the injection molded body is cured, a border 100 with pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121 is formed on the surface.

[0065] S3. Perform surface treatment on the border 100, such as polishing, to minimize the interference of surface defects on color display.

[0066] S4. A transparent protective layer 130 is provided in the area containing pressure-sensitive color-changing particles 121.

[0067] It is understood that the structure of the frame 110 can also be configured to meet the support requirements, installation requirements, and functional requirements of the photovoltaic module 200. For example, drainage holes can be provided on the frame 110 to reduce water damage to the laminate.

[0068] The second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module 200, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic module 200 includes a laminate and a frame 100 as described in the first aspect, the laminate being disposed within the frame 100.

[0069] Understandably, the laminate is the core component of the photovoltaic module 200. It is typically composed of layers of photovoltaic panels, a transparent front cover, a backsheet, and encapsulation materials, responsible for converting light energy into electrical energy. Furthermore, the installation method between the laminate and the frame 100 can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, adhesive or snap-fit ​​connections can be used. This ensures a tight and secure fit between the laminate and the frame 100, reducing the likelihood of loosening or detachment during subsequent use.

[0070] In summary, this application provides a pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 on the frame 100. When the frame 100 is under load, the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 at higher load locations will change color, allowing the magnitude and distribution of the load on the frame 100 to be determined based on the color distribution. Therefore, operators can use the color of the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer 120 on the frame 100 as a stress detection indicator and quickly locate load concentration points based on the color distribution to determine whether maintenance is required. The frame 100 structure of this application is simple and can intuitively detect the stress load state on the frame 100, effectively avoiding the risk of structural damage to the frame 100 due to stress concentration.

[0071] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0072] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A bezel, characterized in that, The border (100) includes: Frame (110); and, A pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120) is disposed on the frame (110).

2. The bezel of claim 1, wherein The border (100) also includes a transparent protective layer (130) that covers the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120).

3. The bezel of claim 1, wherein The frame (100) also includes an adhesive layer disposed between the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120) and the frame (110).

4. The frame of any of claims 1-3, wherein, The pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120) covers at least a portion of the surface of the frame (110).

5. The frame as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The frame (110) has a groove (111) and the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120) is disposed in the groove (111).

6. The bezel of claim 5, wherein A limiting structure is provided at the opening of the groove (111), which is used to limit and fix the pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120).

7. The frame of any of claims 1-3, wherein The pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120) includes a plurality of pressure-sensitive color-changing particles (121), which are embedded in the surface of the frame (110).

8. The bezel of claim 7, wherein, The average particle size Dv50 of the pressure-sensitive color-changing particles (121) is 0.05 μm to 5 μm.

9. The frame of any of claims 1-3, wherein, The pressure-sensitive color-changing layer (120) includes a cholesteric phase liquid crystal elastomer material layer, a rhodamine material layer, a spiropyran material layer, or a polydiacetic acid-based material layer.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module (200) includes a laminate and a frame (100) as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the laminate is disposed within the frame (100).

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