A turning device for machining an elongate shaft workpiece

Abstract

The application discloses a turning device for processing an elongated shaft workpiece and relates to the field of machining manufacturing equipment, which comprises a frame body, a rotating main shaft rotatably arranged on the frame body, a three-jaw chuck fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating main shaft, and a first driving piece fixedly arranged on the frame body and used for driving the rotating main shaft to rotate; the frame body is further provided with a clamping assembly, the three-jaw chuck and the clamping assembly are arranged at intervals, the elongated shaft is located between the three-jaw chuck and the clamping assembly, one end of the elongated shaft is clamped and fixed through the three-jaw chuck, and the other end of the elongated shaft is clamped and positioned through the clamping assembly; the frame body is further provided with a follow-up tool rest assembly used for preventing the elongated shaft from being deformed in the radial direction during processing. The follow-up tool rest assembly can reduce the vibration of the elongated shaft, avoid the impact load of the vibration on a tool, reduce the abrasion speed of the tool in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, prolong the service life of the tool, reduce the processing interruption caused by frequent replacement of the tool, and improve the overall processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of machining and manufacturing equipment, and in particular to a turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] In ground command post weapon systems, the waveguide rotator, as a core component for high-frequency energy transmission within the radar, directly determines signal transmission efficiency and system stability. This waveguide rotator is constructed by welding an inner conductor (copper tube) made of H62-M brass to a connector. It is a typical slender shaft component, typically with an aspect ratio (L / D) greater than 25. Strict design requirements dictate straightness ≤0.08mm, coaxiality ≤Φ0.02mm, and surface roughness ≤Ra1.6μm. Failure to meet these precision standards can lead to increased friction during joint operation, causing "seizing," which in turn increases waveguide signal transmission loss and, in severe cases, discharge faults, affecting the normal operation of the entire weapon system.

[0003] However, the inherent structural characteristic of slender shafts—their excessively large length-to-diameter ratio—results in extremely poor workpiece rigidity. This inherent deficiency presents numerous insurmountable technical challenges during machining. Specifically, in turning and other cutting operations, slender shafts are highly susceptible to bending deformation under the combined effects of cutting force, centrifugal force, and cutting heat. This deformation not only directly alters the relative position between the tool and the workpiece, disrupting the predetermined machining trajectory, but also induces severe vibration. Vibration exacerbates the impact load on the tool and produces noticeable chatter marks on the machined surface, severely impacting the workpiece's surface finish. Furthermore, prolonged continuous cutting exposes the tool to a high-temperature, high-pressure environment, accelerating tool wear. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, in order to solve the problem that the traditional clamping method (common two-end clamping) is difficult to accurately control the clamping force of the center, which leads to radial movement of the workpiece, pre-stressed bending deformation, and the inability of the precision indicators such as cylindricity and coaxiality after machining to meet the design requirements of waveguide rotating bodies, this application provides a turning device for machining slender shaft workpieces.

[0005] This application provides a turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces, which adopts the following technical solution: A turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces includes a frame, on which a rotary spindle is rotatably mounted. A three-jaw chuck is fixedly mounted at one end of the rotary spindle facing the machining area. A first driving component for driving the rotary spindle to rotate is fixedly mounted on the frame. The frame also includes a clamping assembly, which is fixedly mounted on the frame corresponding to the axial position of the three-jaw chuck. The slender shaft is located between the three-jaw chuck and the clamping assembly. One end of the slender shaft is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck, and the other end of the slender shaft is clamped and positioned by the clamping assembly. A cutting tool for machining the slender shaft is mounted on the frame and slidably mounted on the frame along the machining direction of the slender shaft. A follower assembly for supporting the slender shaft, counteracting cutting forces, and moving synchronously with the cutting tool is also provided on the frame.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the three-jaw chuck and the clamping assembly cooperate along the same axis to clamp and fix the slender shaft from both ends, effectively limiting the radial and axial movement of the workpiece. This, combined with the first driving component driving the rotating spindle, causes the slender shaft to rotate smoothly, providing a stable reference for cutting. The cutting tool, slidably mounted along the machining direction of the slender shaft, can flexibly adjust the cutting position and feed path according to different outer diameters, stepped structures, or surface finishing requirements, based on the adjustable cutting depth, thus adapting to the machining of various slender shaft specifications and improving the device's versatility. The tool holder assembly moves synchronously with the cutting tool, always providing support to the slender shaft in the cutting area, accurately counteracting radial cutting forces, fundamentally suppressing workpiece bending deformation caused by insufficient rigidity, while avoiding cutting vibration to reduce surface defects, ensuring accuracy indicators such as roundness and coaxiality, and a low surface roughness value. The collaborative working system formed by these components eliminates the need for frequent manual adjustments to the support position, reducing operational difficulty and machining adjustment time to improve efficiency. Furthermore, the simple component structure facilitates installation, debugging, and subsequent maintenance, further reducing equipment operating costs.

[0007] Preferably, a slide table is slidably mounted on the frame, the slide table is located between the three-jaw chuck and the clamping assembly, and the follower assembly is fixedly mounted on the slide table with the cutting tool; when turning the slender shaft, the slender shaft is located between the cutting tool and the follower assembly.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the slide table, as the mounting carrier for the follower assembly and the cutting tool, can drive both to move synchronously along the slender shaft axis, realizing continuous machining of the entire length of the workpiece and avoiding tool marks caused by segmented machining. By setting the slender shaft between the cutting tool and the follower assembly, a symmetrical "cutting-support" layout is formed. When the cutting tool applies cutting force, the follower assembly can provide support force from the opposite direction, quickly offsetting the influence of the cutting force on the workpiece and reducing the probability of vibration. At the same time, the synchronous movement of the follower assembly and the cutting tool with the slide table can ensure that the relative position of the support point and the cutting point remains stable when machining any section, avoiding local deformation caused by support lag, and further improving machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0009] Preferably, two slide rails are fixedly installed on the frame, the two slide rails are parallel to the slender shaft, and the two slide rails are located between the clamping assembly and the three-jaw chuck. A slider for sliding along the length direction of the two slide rails is provided on the slide table.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, two parallel slide rails provide precise movement guidance for the slide table, ensuring that the slide table moves in a straight line along the slender axis, and avoiding slide table offset that causes the cutting trajectory of the cutting tool to deviate from the preset path.

[0011] Preferably, the tool holder assembly includes a first mounting block and a sliding shaft. The first mounting block is fixedly mounted on the slide table. The first mounting block and the cutting tool are opposite to each other and spaced apart. A sliding hole is provided on the first mounting block. The sliding shaft is slidably mounted in the sliding hole. The sliding shaft is positioned close to or away from the cutting tool along the opening direction of the sliding hole. A vertical plate is provided at the end of the sliding shaft. Two rollers are rotatably mounted on the vertical plate. The two rollers are arranged vertically up and down along the vertical direction of the vertical plate. The first mounting block is also provided with a fixing member for limiting the movement of the sliding shaft along the sliding hole.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the first mounting block provides a stable mounting reference for the sliding shaft, and its relative setting with the cutting tool ensures the correspondence between the support direction and the cutting direction; the movement of the sliding shaft along the sliding hole can adjust the distance between the roller and the slender shaft, adapting to slender shaft workpieces of different diameters and improving the versatility of the device; the two rollers set on the vertical plate can form two-point support from both sides of the slender shaft in the vertical direction. Compared with single-point support, it can more comprehensively restrict the bending deformation of the workpiece in the vertical direction. At the same time, the rotation design of the rollers causes rolling friction with the workpiece surface during the support process, avoiding scratches caused by sliding friction on the workpiece surface; the fixing part can be locked after the sliding shaft is adjusted to a suitable position to prevent the sliding shaft from shifting due to vibration during the processing, ensuring the stability of the support effect, and thus maintaining the consistency of processing accuracy.

[0013] Preferably, the fixing member is a first screw, the first mounting block has a first threaded hole, the first threaded hole is connected to the sliding hole, one end of the first screw is provided with a rotating handle, and the end of the first screw away from the rotating handle is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the threaded connection between the first screw and the first threaded hole forms a rigid limiting structure. The self-locking characteristic of the threaded transmission allows the first screw to stay stably at any position, ensuring the locking effect on the sliding shaft. The rotating handle is designed to facilitate manual adjustment by the operator without the need for additional tools, reducing the difficulty of operation.

[0015] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes a fixing block, a mounting cylinder, and a rotating shaft. The fixing block is fixedly mounted on the frame, the mounting cylinder is slidably mounted on the fixing block, one end of the rotating shaft is conical, and the end of the rotating shaft away from the conical shape is rotatably mounted inside the mounting cylinder.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing block provides a stable mounting base for the clamping assembly, ensuring its coaxiality with the three-jaw chuck; the conical end of the rotating shaft is easy to insert into the center hole of the slender shaft end, and the contact method of the conical surface can automatically calibrate the center, reducing clamping offset caused by the deviation of the workpiece center hole; the rotating connection design between the rotating shaft and the mounting cylinder allows the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously with the slender shaft, avoiding wear on the workpiece end caused by sliding friction during fixing and clamping, while reducing rotational resistance, ensuring the smooth rotation of the slender shaft, avoiding vibration caused by uneven frictional resistance, and ensuring machining accuracy.

[0017] Preferably, a second mounting block is provided on the slide table, and the second mounting block is symmetrically spaced from the first mounting block. A groove is provided on the side of the second mounting block closer to the first mounting block, and the cutting tool is slidably mounted in the groove. A second threaded hole is provided on the side of the second mounting block away from the first mounting block, and the second threaded hole is connected to the groove. A second screw is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole. A rotating handle is provided at one end of the second screw, and a push rod is provided at the end of the second screw away from the rotating handle. The push rod abuts against the bottom of the cutting tool.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the symmetrical arrangement of the second mounting block and the first mounting block allows the cutting tool and the follower assembly to be located on both sides of the slender shaft, forming a balanced machining layout. The slide provides sliding guidance for the cutting tool, limiting its movement to only along the direction close to or away from the slender shaft, ensuring the straightness of the cutting depth adjustment. The threaded connection between the second screw and the second threaded hole enables precise adjustment of the cutting depth. The characteristics of the threaded transmission make the adjustment amount linearly correspond to the rotation amplitude of the handle. The operator can achieve fine adjustment by controlling the number of rotations of the handle to meet the high-precision cutting requirements. The ejector rod prevents the second screw from directly contacting the cutting tool, preventing wear on the cutting tool caused by the screw end. At the same time, the abutting cooperation between the ejector rod and the cutting tool allows the thrust of the second screw to be smoothly transmitted to the cutting tool, ensuring the smoothness of the cutting tool feed process and avoiding surface ripples caused by uneven feed.

[0019] Preferably, the frame is provided with a drive assembly for driving the slide table to slide along the length of the slide rail. The drive assembly includes a rotary motor and a lead screw. The rotary motor is fixedly installed between the two slide rails and is located at the end of the slide rail near the three-jaw chuck. A threaded through hole is provided on the side wall of the slide table along the sliding direction. One end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary motor. The end of the lead screw away from the rotary motor passes through the threaded through hole. A bearing seat is provided at the end of the lead screw away from the rotary motor. The bearing seat is located between the two slide rails and is fixedly installed on the frame.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the drive component provides automated movement power for the slide table, replacing manual pushing, reducing the labor intensity of operators, and improving the stability of movement speed and position control accuracy; the rotary motor, as the power source, has servo control characteristics that enable precise adjustment of speed and direction, thereby controlling the movement speed and direction of the slide table to meet the feed speed requirements of different processing technologies.

[0021] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The self-centering clamping of the three-jaw chuck and the coaxial clamping of the clamping assembly achieve bidirectional fixation of the slender shaft, limiting axial movement and radial offset; the double roller vertical support design of the tool holder assembly can counteract the bending moment generated by the cutting force in real time, suppress workpiece bending deformation, and ensure the accuracy requirements of straightness ≤0.08mm and coaxiality ≤Φ0.02mm, making it suitable for machining high-precision parts such as waveguide rotating bodies; 2. The sliding shaft and the first screw can quickly adapt to the support requirements of slender shafts of different diameters. The combination of the second screw and the push rod can realize the micro-adjustment of the cutting depth. The screw drive of the drive component ensures the precise positioning of the slide table movement. The entire adjustment process does not require disassembly of parts, making operation convenient, greatly shortening the processing preparation time and improving processing efficiency. 3. The rolling friction between the roller and the workpiece reduces surface scratches. The cutting fluid sprayed by the water spray pipe can achieve cooling, lubrication and washing away iron chips, avoiding thermal deformation and iron chip scratches caused by cutting heat. At the same time, it reduces the tool wear rate, extends tool life, reduces processing interruption caused by tool replacement, and further improves overall processing efficiency and surface quality. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This utility model is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall structure of the clamping assembly; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point AA; Figure 4 This utility model is a structural schematic diagram illustrating the tool holder assembly and the lathe tool; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view at point BB.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1. Frame; 2. Three-jaw chuck; 3. Clamping assembly; 31. Fixing block; 32. Mounting cylinder; 321. Rotary bearing; 33. Rotating shaft; 4. Follower post assembly; 41. First mounting block; 411. Sliding hole; 412. First threaded hole; 42. Sliding shaft; 5. Rotary spindle; 6. First drive component; 61. Rotary cylinder; 7. Second drive component; 71. Drive cylinder; 8. Rotary bearing; 9. 10. Slide rail; 101. Slide table; 11. Slider; 11. Drive assembly; 111. Rotary motor; 112. Lead screw; 12. Bearing seat; 13. Vertical plate; 14. Roller; 15. Fixing component; 151. First screw; 16. Rotating handle; 17. Water spray pipe; 18. Second mounting block; 181. Slide groove; 182. Second threaded hole; 19. Second screw; 20. Top rod; 21. Fastening nut; 22. Lathe tool. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0025] This application discloses a turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces.

[0026] Reference Figure 1A turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces includes a frame 1, a three-jaw chuck 2, a clamping assembly 3, and a follower post assembly 4. A rotary spindle 5 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1. A first driving component 6, which is a servo rotary cylinder 61, is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 to drive the rotary spindle 5 to rotate. One end of the rotary spindle 5 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output end of the servo rotary cylinder 61 via a coupling. The three-jaw chuck 2 is fixedly mounted on the end of the rotary spindle 5 away from the servo rotary cylinder 61 via a flange. The three-jaw chuck 2 adopts a self-centering structure design, with three jaws evenly distributed along the circumference, enabling rapid centering and reliable clamping of the end of the slender shaft. The clamping assembly 3 is fixedly mounted on the other end of the frame 1 at the axial position corresponding to the three-jaw chuck 2, and is coaxially spaced from the three-jaw chuck 2. The tool holder assembly 4 is slidably mounted on the frame 1 between the three-jaw chuck 2 and the clamping assembly 3. It is used to provide stable radial support for slender shaft workpieces during turning to suppress workpiece bending deformation and vibration caused by cutting force, and to ensure machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0027] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 Specifically, the clamping assembly 3 includes a fixing block 31, a mounting cylinder 32, and a rotating shaft 33. The fixing block 31 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 by bolts. A second driving component 7, which is a driving cylinder 71, is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixing block 31. One end of the mounting cylinder 32 is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving cylinder 71. Two rotating bearings 321 are provided inside the mounting cylinder 32, and the two rotating bearings 321 are spaced apart. One end of the rotating shaft 33 is conical. The end of the rotating shaft 33 away from the conical shape extends into the end of the mounting cylinder 32 away from the driving cylinder 71, and the end of the rotating shaft 33 away from the conical shape passes through the two rotating bearings 321.

[0028] When fixing the slender shaft, one end of the slender shaft is first clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck 2, providing stable support for one end of the slender shaft. Then, the drive cylinder 71, which serves as the second drive component 7 in the clamping assembly 3, is activated. The piston rod of the drive cylinder 71 extends along the axis of the rotating main shaft 5, driving the mounting cylinder 32, which is fixedly connected to the piston rod, to move synchronously towards the other end of the slender shaft. At this time, the conical end of the rotating shaft 33, supported by two spaced-apart rotating bearings 321 inside the mounting cylinder 32, gradually approaches the central hole at the other end of the slender shaft. As the piston rod of the drive cylinder 71 continues to extend, the conical end of the rotating shaft 33 finally embeds into the central hole of the slender shaft and fits tightly against the inner wall of the central hole, forming an axial clamping and fixing of the other end of the slender shaft.

[0029] Reference Figure 1Specifically, the frame 1 is provided with two parallel slide rails 9 between the three-jaw chuck 2 and the clamping assembly 3. The two slide rails 9 are spaced apart, and the length direction of the two slide rails 9 is consistent with the axis direction of the rotating spindle 5. A slide table 10 is slidably arranged between the three-jaw chuck 2 and the clamping assembly 3. A slider 101 for sliding cooperation with the two slide rails 9 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the slide table 10. A drive assembly 11 for driving the slide table 10 to move along the slide rails 9 is provided on the frame 1. A tool holder assembly 4 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the slide table 10. A turning tool 22 for turning slender shafts is also provided on the top surface of the slide table 10.

[0030] The drive assembly 11 includes a rotary motor 111 and a lead screw 112. The rotary motor 111 is fixedly installed between two slide rails 9 and is located at one end of the two slide rails 9 near the three-jaw chuck 2. A bearing seat 12 is provided at the end of the two slide rails 9 away from the rotary motor 111. A threaded through hole is opened on the side wall of the slide table 10 along the sliding direction. One end of the lead screw 112 is connected to one end of the rotary motor 111. The end of the lead screw 112 away from the rotary motor 111 passes through the threaded through hole and is installed in the bearing seat 12. When in use, after the rotary motor 111 is started, it drives the lead screw 112 to rotate around its own axis through the output shaft. The lead screw 112 forms a threaded engagement with the threaded through hole on the side wall of the slide table 10. The bottom of the slide table 10 is slidably connected to the two rails through the slider 101. The rotational motion of the lead screw 112 is converted into linear motion of the slide table 10 along the length direction of the slide rails 9.

[0031] When different sections of a slender shaft need to be machined, the direction of movement of the slide table 10 can be adjusted by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the rotary motor 111: when the rotary motor 111 rotates forward, the lead screw 112 drives the slide table 10 to move closer to the clamping assembly 3, driving the follower assembly 4 and the cutting tool 22 to feed synchronously, thereby realizing the machining of the end of the slender shaft away from the three-jaw chuck 2; when the rotary motor 111 rotates in reverse, the slide table 10 retracts closer to the three-jaw chuck 2, completing the switching or reset of the machining area.

[0032] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The tool holder assembly 4 includes a first mounting block 41 and a sliding shaft 42. The first mounting block 41 is fixedly mounted on the slide table 10 and is symmetrically arranged with the cutting tool 22. When the slender shaft is fixed to the clamping assembly 3 by the three-jaw chuck 2, the slender shaft is located between the first mounting block 41 and the cutting tool 22. A sliding hole 411 is provided through the side wall of the first mounting block 41 near the cutting tool 22. The sliding shaft 42 is slidably mounted in the sliding hole 411. A vertical plate 13 is provided at one end of the sliding shaft 42 near the cutting tool 22. Two rollers 14 are rotatably mounted on the vertical plate 13. Because the slender shaft has a large length-to-diameter ratio and weak rigidity, it is easily affected by radial cutting force and undergoes bending deformation during turning. The two rollers 14 are distributed at intervals in the vertical direction, forming a "triangular support" layout with the cutting tool 22. When the cutting tool 22 applies cutting force, the upper and lower rollers 14 provide reverse support forces from both sides of the axis of the slender shaft, which can completely offset the bending moment generated by the cutting force.

[0033] The first mounting block 41 is also provided with a fixing member 15 for limiting the movement of the sliding shaft 42 along the sliding hole 411. The fixing member 15 is a first screw 151. The top of the first mounting block 41 has a first threaded hole 412, which is connected to the first screw 151. One end of the first screw 151 is provided with a rotating handle 16, and the end of the first screw 151 away from the rotating handle 16 is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole 412. The first screw 151 and the first threaded hole 412 form a rigid limit through the threaded connection. When the sliding shaft 42 is adjusted to a suitable position, rotating the handle 16 causes the end of the first screw 151 away from the handle to move downward along the threaded hole until the end of the screw tightly abuts against the outer circumferential surface of the sliding shaft 42. Through the self-locking characteristic of the thread, the sliding shaft 42 can be firmly fixed in the sliding hole 411, avoiding the displacement of the sliding shaft 42 caused by vibration generated by the high-speed rotation of the slender shaft or the impact of cutting force during the turning process, and ensuring that the roller 14 always maintains stable radial support for the slender shaft.

[0034] A water spray pipe 17 is installed on the side of the vertical plate 13 opposite to the two rollers 14. The outlet end of the water spray pipe 17 faces the slender shaft, and the suction end of the water spray pipe 17 is connected to an external cutting fluid storage tank. During the turning process of the slender shaft, the high-speed friction between the cutting edge and the workpiece generates a large amount of cutting heat. If the heat accumulates, it can easily cause the local temperature of the workpiece to rise, triggering the thermal expansion and contraction effect. This can lead to deviations in the machining dimensions or even bending of the axis, failing to meet the accuracy requirements of the waveguide rotating body: straightness ≤0.08mm and coaxiality ≤Φ0.02mm. The water spray pipe 17 can directly spray the cutting fluid onto the cutting area. The flow of the cutting fluid carries away the heat, quickly controlling the workpiece temperature within the range of room temperature ±5℃, thereby suppressing thermal deformation and ensuring the stability of the machining dimensions.

[0035] Specifically, a second mounting block 18 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the slide table 10. The second mounting block 18 is symmetrically arranged with the first mounting block 41. A groove 181 is formed on the side wall of the second mounting block 18 near the first mounting block 41. The cutting tool 22 is slidably installed in the groove 181. A second threaded hole 182 is formed on the side wall of the second mounting block 18 away from the first mounting block 41, and the second threaded hole 182 is connected to the groove 181. A second screw 19 is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole 182. One end of the second screw 19 extends out of the second threaded hole 182. A rotating handle 16 is provided at the end of the second screw 19 extending out of the second threaded hole 182. A push rod 20 is provided at the end of the second screw 19 located in the second threaded hole 182. The end of the push rod 20 away from the second screw 19 abuts against one end of the cutting tool 22. When adjusting the cutting tool 22, the operator rotates the handle 16 at the end of the second screw 19 clockwise. The second screw 19 is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole 182. During the rotation, the second screw 19 moves along the axis of the threaded hole towards the first mounting block 41. At this time, the push rod 20, which is fixedly connected to the end of the second screw 19, moves forward synchronously with the screw. Because the end of the push rod 20 away from the second screw 19 is in contact with the end of the cutting tool 22, and the cutting tool 22 is slidably installed in the slide groove 181, the forward movement force of the push rod 20 will directly push the cutting tool 22 to feed smoothly along the slide groove 181 towards the slender shaft.

[0036] Furthermore, the second mounting block 18 has multiple threaded connection holes on its side wall, all of which communicate with the slide groove 181. Each of these threaded connection holes contains a fastening nut 21. The cutting tool 22 is slidably mounted within the slide groove 181. Relying solely on the clamping force of the second screw 19 and the push rod 20, under high-speed cutting or vibration conditions, the single clamping point can easily cause a slight deviation of the cutting tool 22 along the slide groove 181, affecting the stability of the cutting depth. The multiple threaded connection holes and fastening nuts 21 secure the cutting tool 22. After the cutting tool 22 is adjusted to the preset cutting depth, tightening the fastening nuts 21 ensures that their ends are in close contact with the side wall of the cutting tool 22, forming a multi-layered fixing structure of "push rod 20 main push + multiple nuts auxiliary limiting".

[0037] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: First, the workpiece is stably fixed by "clamping + clamping", that is, the three-jaw chuck 2 uses a self-centering structure to clamp one end of the slender shaft to limit radial displacement. The drive cylinder 71 of the clamping component 3 pushes the rotating shaft 33, so that its conical end is embedded into the center hole of the other end of the slender shaft and fits tightly to limit axial movement. The rotating shaft 33 is adapted to the subsequent rotation requirements through the rotating bearing 321. Then, the machining preparation is carried out. When adjusting the tool holder component 4, the sliding shaft 42 is pushed to make the two rollers 14 close to the slender shaft. Then, the first screw 151 is used to lock the sliding shaft 42 to form a stable radial support. When adjusting the cutting tool 22, the second screw 19 is rotated clockwise, and the cutting tool 22 is pushed along the slide groove 181 to feed to the slender shaft to the preset cutting depth by means of the push rod 20. Then, the turning machining stage is entered. The servo rotary cylinder 61 drives the rotary spindle 5 through the coupling. The three-jaw chuck 2 and the slender shaft rotate stably. The rotating motor 111 of the drive assembly 11 drives the lead screw 112 to rotate, converting the rotational motion into the linear motion of the slide table 10 along the slide rail 9. This causes the slide table 10 to drive the follower assembly 4 and the cutting tool 22 to move synchronously. The cutting tool 22 continuously cuts the rotating slender shaft. During this process, the two rollers 14 of the follower assembly and the cutting tool 22 form a "triangular support" to offset the cutting force and suppress the bending deformation of the workpiece. The water spray pipe 17 sprays cutting fluid into the cutting area to achieve cooling, lubrication, and chip washing. If it is necessary to adjust the cutting depth, the cutting tool 22 can be fed by rotating the second screw 19 with the help of the push rod 20, or the cutting tool 22 can be retracted with the assistance of external force. After the machining is completed, each drive component is turned off in sequence, the follower assembly is unlocked, the three-jaw chuck 2 is released, and the clamping assembly 3 is reset. The workpiece is then removed. Through the coordinated work of each component, the machining accuracy of the slender shaft is ensured to meet the requirements.

[0038] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A turning apparatus for machining an elongate shaft workpiece, characterised in that, The system includes a frame (1), on which a rotating spindle (5) is rotatably mounted. A three-jaw chuck (2) is fixedly mounted at one end of the rotating spindle (5) facing the processing area. A first driving component (6) for driving the rotating spindle (5) to rotate is fixedly mounted on the frame (1). The frame (1) is also provided with a clamping assembly (3), which is fixedly mounted on the frame (1) at the axial position corresponding to the three-jaw chuck (2). A slender shaft is located between the three-jaw chuck (2) and the clamping assembly (3). One end of the slender shaft is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck (2), and the other end of the slender shaft is clamped and positioned by the clamping assembly (3). The frame (1) is provided with a cutting tool (22) for cutting the slender shaft. The cutting tool (22) is slidably mounted on the frame (1) along the machining direction of the slender shaft. The frame (1) is also provided with a follower assembly (4) for supporting the slender shaft, counteracting the cutting force, and moving synchronously with the cutting tool (22).

2. The turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, A slide table (10) is slidably mounted on the frame (1). The slide table (10) is located between the three-jaw chuck (2) and the clamping assembly (3). The follower assembly (4) and the cutting tool (22) are fixedly mounted on the slide table (10). When turning the slender shaft, the slender shaft is located between the cutting tool (22) and the follower assembly (4).

3. The turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two slide rails (9) are fixedly installed on the frame (1). The two slide rails (9) are parallel to the slender shaft and are located between the clamping assembly (3) and the three-jaw chuck (2). A slider (101) for sliding along the length direction of the two slide rails (9) is provided on the slide table (10).

4. The turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tool holder assembly (4) includes a first mounting block (41) and a sliding shaft (42). The first mounting block (41) is fixedly mounted on the slide table (10). The first mounting block (41) and the cutting tool (22) are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart. A sliding hole (411) is provided on the first mounting block (41). The sliding shaft (42) is slidably mounted in the sliding hole (411). The sliding shaft (42) is arranged close to or away from the cutting tool (22) along the opening direction of the sliding hole (411). A vertical plate (13) is provided at the end of the sliding shaft (42). Two rollers (14) are rotatably mounted on the vertical plate (13). The two rollers (14) are arranged vertically up and down along the vertical direction of the vertical plate (13). A fixing member (15) is also provided on the first mounting block (41) for limiting the movement of the sliding shaft (42) along the sliding hole (411).

5. A turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixing member (15) is a first screw (151). The first mounting block (41) has a first threaded hole (412) which is connected to the sliding hole (411). One end of the first screw (151) is provided with a rotating handle (16). The end of the first screw (151) away from the rotating handle (16) is threaded into the first threaded hole (412).

6. The turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (3) includes a fixing block (31), a mounting cylinder (32) and a rotating shaft (33). The fixing block (31) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1), and the mounting cylinder (32) is slidably mounted on the fixing block (31). One end of the rotating shaft (33) is conical, and the end of the rotating shaft (33) away from the conical shape is rotatably mounted inside the mounting cylinder (32).

7. A turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces according to claim 3, characterized in that, A second mounting block (18) is provided on the slide table (10). The second mounting block (18) is spaced apart from the first mounting block (41). A groove (181) is provided on the side of the second mounting block (18) close to the first mounting block (41). The cutting tool (22) is slidably mounted in the groove (181). A second threaded hole (182) is provided on the side of the second mounting block (18) away from the first mounting block (41). The second threaded hole (182) is connected to the groove (181). A second screw (19) is threadedly connected in the second threaded hole (182). A rotating handle (16) is provided at one end of the second screw (19). A push rod (20) is provided at the end of the second screw (19) away from the rotating handle (16). The push rod (20) abuts against the bottom of the cutting tool (22).

8. A turning apparatus for machining slender shaft workpieces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The frame (1) is provided with a drive assembly (11) for driving the slide table (10) to slide along the length of the slide rail (9). The drive assembly (11) includes a rotary motor (111) and a lead screw (112). The rotary motor (111) is fixedly installed between the two slide rails (9). The rotary motor (111) is located at one end of the slide rail (9) near the three-jaw chuck (2). A threaded through hole is provided on the side wall of the slide table (10) along the sliding direction. One end of the lead screw (112) is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary motor (111). The end of the lead screw (112) away from the rotary motor (111) passes through the threaded through hole. A bearing seat (12) is provided at the end of the lead screw (112) away from the rotary motor (111). The bearing seat (12) is located between the two slide rails (9) and is fixedly installed on the frame (1).

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