Automatic centering head structure of side hole machine
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521920300.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-05
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种侧孔机的自动分中机头结构，以解决现有技术中存在的分中耗时长、易受人为操作影响的问题，提高加工效率和加工质量
[0010]本实用新型通过在机头结构上设置探针机构，能够实现自动分中功能，相比于人工进行手动分中，减少分中时间，避免因人为操作导致的误差，提高工件加工质量和效率，例如在加工圆形侧孔类工件时，通过机床CNC系统的控制面板修改分中程序，根据实际情况修改所需要分中的工件侧孔内径，启动执行探针分中程序，探针会精确插入工件的侧孔中，按照预设的路径移动，通过设置Y轴直线驱动装置、Z轴直线驱动装置、第一X轴直线驱动装置和第二X轴直线驱动装置，能够实现探针在X、Y、Z轴三个方向上的运动，探针在侧孔的圆周上选取四个象限点进行触碰测量，转换为电信号输出结果，机床CNC系统根据采集到的四个象限点的坐标平均值来确定孔的中心坐标，将计算得到的孔中心坐标作为分中结果，由此确定孔在机床坐标系中的中心位置，无需人为操作；本实用新型通过设置第一电主轴和第二电主轴，可以同时加工同一工件的不同孔位，实现双主轴加工，还支持多工艺复合加工，提高加工效率。
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Figure CN224643009U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of precision machining technology, and in particular to an automatic centering head structure for a side hole machine. Background Technology
[0002] A side-drilling machine is a machine tool specifically designed for drilling, milling, or tapping on the side of a workpiece. In the precision machining process of CNC machine tools, centering is a crucial operation. Centering involves aligning the geometric center of the workpiece, such as its center of symmetry or axis, with the origin of the machine tool's coordinate system. This ensures that the machining trajectory is based on the workpiece's center, avoiding positional deviations. Its purpose is to improve workpiece machining accuracy, such as hole symmetry and contour symmetry, preventing workpiece scrap due to center misalignment, and ensuring consistency during batch processing.
[0003] Currently, for workpieces with side holes (such as housings, molds, etc.), the traditional centering operation method involves clamping and positioning the workpiece using a positioning fixture. Then, the operator uses a probe (such as a mechanical probe or an optical probe) to contact multiple positions on the inner wall of the side hole of the workpiece in the circumferential direction. The operator records the coordinate value of this position in the machine tool coordinate system by touch or by observing the relevant indicator lights, and manually calculates the center position. This operation method requires multiple touches, readings, and calculations for each centering operation, which is time-consuming for a single operation, resulting in low efficiency in batch production. Moreover, the touch force of each manual operation may be inconsistent, causing the coordinates of the contact point to shift. Human error may also occur during the reading and calculation process, affecting the processing quality. Utility Model Content
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an automatic centering head structure for a side hole machine, so as to solve the problems of long centering time and susceptibility to human operation in the prior art, and improve processing efficiency and processing quality.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] An automatic centering head structure for a side-hole drilling machine includes a Y-axis moving base, a Z-axis moving base, a first X-axis moving base, a probe mechanism, a first electric spindle, and a second electric spindle. The Y-axis moving base is erected on a frame, and a Y-axis linear drive device for driving the Y-axis moving base to move along the Y-axis direction is provided at its bottom. The Z-axis moving base is mounted on the Y-axis moving base, and a Z-axis linear drive device for driving the Z-axis moving base to move along the Z-axis direction is provided on the Y-axis moving base. The first X-axis moving base is mounted on the Z-axis moving base, and a first X-axis linear drive device for driving the first X-axis moving base to move along the X-axis direction is provided on the Z-axis moving base. The probe mechanism includes a base, a moving plate, a probe, and a second X-axis linear drive device. The base is fixed to the top of the first X-axis moving base, the moving plate is mounted on the base, a clamp is provided on the moving plate, the probe is mounted on the clamp, and the second X-axis linear drive device is used to drive the moving plate to move along the X-axis direction. The first electric spindle and the second electric spindle are spaced apart on the first X-axis moving base.
[0007] In some embodiments, a second X-axis moving seat and a third X-axis moving seat are respectively fixed on the first electric spindle and the second electric spindle. The second X-axis moving seat and the third X-axis moving seat are spaced apart on the first X-axis moving seat. The first X-axis moving seat is provided with a third X-axis linear drive device and a fourth X-axis linear drive device for driving the second X-axis moving seat and the third X-axis moving seat to move along the X-axis direction.
[0008] In at least one embodiment, X-axis linear guides are connected between the movable plate and the base, between the second X-axis movable base and the first X-axis movable base, and between the third X-axis movable base and the first X-axis movable base; the second X-axis linear drive device, the third X-axis linear drive device, and the fourth X-axis linear drive device are all cylinders, and the piston rod of the second X-axis linear drive device is connected to the movable plate, the piston rod of the third X-axis linear drive device is connected to the second X-axis movable base, and the piston rod of the fourth X-axis linear drive device is connected to the third X-axis movable base.
[0009] Compared with the prior art, this utility model achieves at least the following beneficial effects:
[0010] This invention achieves automatic centering by incorporating a probe mechanism into the machine head structure. Compared to manual centering, this reduces centering time, avoids errors caused by human operation, and improves workpiece processing quality and efficiency. For example, when machining workpieces with circular side holes, the centering program can be modified through the control panel of the machine tool's CNC system. The required inner diameter of the workpiece side hole to be centered can be adjusted according to the actual situation. Once the probe centering program is started, the probe will precisely insert into the side hole of the workpiece and move along a preset path. This is achieved by setting up a Y-axis linear drive device, a Z-axis linear drive device, a first X-axis linear drive device, and a second X-axis linear drive device. The linear drive device enables the probe to move in the X, Y, and Z axes. The probe selects four quadrant points on the circumference of the side hole for contact measurement, converting the results into electrical signals. The machine tool CNC system determines the center coordinates of the hole based on the average coordinates of the four quadrant points. The calculated center coordinates of the hole are used as the centering result, thereby determining the center position of the hole in the machine tool coordinate system without manual operation. This invention, by setting a first electric spindle and a second electric spindle, can simultaneously process different holes of the same workpiece, realizing dual-spindle machining. It also supports multi-process composite machining, improving processing efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of this application;
[0012] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of this application;
[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the probe mechanism in an embodiment of this application.
[0014] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Y-axis moving seat; 2. Z-axis moving seat; 21. Connecting plate; 3. First X-axis moving seat; 4. Probe mechanism; 41. Base; 42. Moving plate; 421. Fixture; 43. Probe; 44. Second X-axis linear drive device; 5. First electric spindle; 51. Second X-axis moving seat; 6. Second electric spindle; 61. Third X-axis moving seat; 7. Y-axis linear drive device; 71. First drive motor; 72. Helical rack; 8. Z-axis linear drive device; 81. Second drive motor; 82. Z-axis lead screw and nut pair; 9. First X-axis linear drive device; 91. Third drive motor; 92. X-axis lead screw and nut pair; 10. Third X-axis linear drive device; 20. Fourth X-axis linear drive device; 30. X-axis linear guide; 40. Y-axis linear guide; 50. Balance cylinder; 501. Floating joint; 60. Z-axis linear guide. Detailed Implementation
[0015] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided herein to make the disclosure of this application more complete and to fully convey the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art.
[0016] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "several" or "more than" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" a second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or it can include contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Moreover, "above," "over," and "on top" of a second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" of a second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0017] like Figures 1-3As shown in the embodiment of this application, an automatic centering head structure for a side-hole drilling machine includes a Y-axis moving base 1, a Z-axis moving base 2, a first X-axis moving base 3, a probe mechanism 4, a first electric spindle 5, and a second electric spindle 6. The Y-axis moving base 1 is vertically mounted on a frame, and a Y-axis linear drive device 7 is provided at the bottom of the Y-axis moving base 1. The Y-axis linear drive device 7 is used to drive the Y-axis moving base 1 to move along the Y-axis direction on the frame. The Z-axis moving base 2 is mounted on the Y-axis moving base 1, and a Z-axis linear drive device 8 is provided on the Y-axis moving base 1. The Z-axis linear drive device 8 is used to drive the Z-axis moving base 2 to move along the Z-axis direction on the Y-axis moving base 1. The first X-axis moving base 3 is mounted on the Z-axis moving base 2, and a first X-axis linear drive device 9 is provided on the Z-axis moving base 2. The first X-axis linear drive device 9 is used to drive the first X-axis moving base 3 to move along the Z-axis. The probe mechanism 4 includes a base 41, a moving plate 42, a probe 43, and a second X-axis linear drive device 44. The base 41 is fixed on the top of the first X-axis moving seat 3. The moving plate 42 is located on the base 41 and has a clamp 421. The probe 43 is mounted on the clamp 421. The second X-axis linear drive device 44 drives the moving plate 42 to move along the X-axis on the base 41. Optionally, the probe 43 is a Renishaw RMP60 or similar model. The front end of the probe 43 has a ruby spherical probe. The probe 43 has a strain gauge sensor inside. The strain gauge sensor detects the force on the spherical probe. When the spherical probe deviates, the strain gauge produces a slight deformation, which is converted into an electrical signal to trigger the machine tool CNC system to record the coordinates. The structure of the probe 43 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The first electric spindle 5 and the second electric spindle 6 are spaced apart on the first X-axis moving seat 3.
[0018] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: By setting a probe mechanism 4 on the head structure of the side hole machine, an automatic centering function can be realized. Compared with manual centering, the centering time is reduced, errors caused by human operation are avoided, and the workpiece processing quality and efficiency are improved. Specifically, when processing circular side hole workpieces, the centering program is modified through the control panel of the machine tool CNC system. The inner diameter of the workpiece side hole to be centered is modified according to the actual situation. The probe 43 centering program is started and executed. The probe 43 will be precisely inserted into the side hole of the workpiece and move according to the preset path. The probe 43 automatically touches the inner wall of the workpiece side hole and selects four quadrant points on the circumference of the side hole for contact measurement. The spherical probe of the probe 43 contacts the side wall of the workpiece, and the strain gauge sensor detects the force on the spherical probe and converts it into an electrical signal output result. The machine tool CNC system determines the center coordinates of the hole based on the average coordinates of the four quadrant points collected. The center coordinates are used as the centering result, and the measurement result is automatically updated to the corresponding G coordinates in the machine tool CNC system, thereby determining the center position of the hole in the machine tool coordinate system without manual operation. This utility model can realize the movement of the probe 43 in the three directions of X, Y, and Z axes by setting up the Y-axis linear drive device 7, Z-axis linear drive device 8, first X-axis linear drive device 9 and second X-axis linear drive device 44, and control the movement path of the probe 43 through the centering program. This utility model can realize dual-spindle machining by setting up the first electric spindle 5 and the second electric spindle 6, which can process different holes of the same workpiece at the same time, and also support multi-process composite machining to improve machining efficiency. The probe mechanism 4, the first electric spindle 5 and the second electric spindle 6 are in different positions on the first X-axis moving seat 3, and the first electric spindle 5 and the second electric spindle 6 can work together through coordinate system compensation and tool management strategy.
[0019] In this embodiment, a second X-axis moving seat 51 and a third X-axis moving seat 61 are respectively fixed on the first electric spindle 5 and the second electric spindle 6. The second X-axis moving seat 51 and the third X-axis moving seat 61 are spaced apart on the first X-axis moving seat 3. The first X-axis moving seat 3 is provided with a third X-axis linear drive device 10 and a fourth X-axis linear drive device 20. The third X-axis linear drive device 10 and the fourth X-axis linear drive device 20 are respectively used to drive the second X-axis moving seat 51 and the third X-axis moving seat 61 to move along the X-axis direction on the first X-axis moving seat 3, so that the movement trajectory of the first electric spindle 5 and the second electric spindle 6 in the Z-axis direction can be controlled separately.
[0020] Furthermore, X-axis linear guides 30 are connected between the movable plate 42 and the base 41, between the second X-axis movable seat 51 and the first X-axis movable seat 3, and between the third X-axis movable seat 61 and the first X-axis movable seat 3; the second X-axis linear drive device 44, the third X-axis linear drive device 10 and the fourth X-axis linear drive device 20 are all cylinders, and the piston rod of the second X-axis linear drive device 44 is connected to the movable plate 42, the piston rod of the third X-axis linear drive device 10 is connected to the second X-axis movable seat 51, and the piston rod of the fourth X-axis linear drive device 20 is connected to the third X-axis movable seat 61.
[0021] In this embodiment, a Y-axis linear guide 40 is connected between the bottom of the Y-axis moving seat 1 and the frame; the Y-axis linear drive device 7 includes a first drive motor 71, a helical rack 72, and a helical gear (not shown in the figure). The first drive motor 71 is mounted on the bottom of the Y-axis moving seat 1, the helical rack 72 is mounted and fixed on the frame along the Y-axis direction, and the helical gear is connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor 71, and the helical gear meshes with the helical rack 72. The first drive motor 71 is a geared motor, which can match the large torque requirements of gear and rack transmission. It drives the helical gear to rotate, and the helical gear can move along the helical rack 72, thereby realizing the linear movement of the Y-axis moving seat 1 along the Y-axis direction.
[0022] Furthermore, a balancing cylinder 50 is installed on one side of the Y-axis moving seat 1, and a connecting plate 21 is fixed on one side of the Z-axis moving seat 2. The output end of the balancing cylinder 50 is provided with a floating joint 501, which is connected to the connecting plate 21. A Z-axis linear guide 60 is connected between the Z-axis moving seat 2 and the Y-axis moving seat 1. The Z-axis linear drive device 8 includes a second drive motor 81 and a Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly 82. The second drive motor 81 and the Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly 82 are installed on the Y-axis moving seat 1. The output shaft of the second drive motor 81 is connected to the lead screw of the Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly 82. A nut seat is provided on the nut of the Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly 82, and the nut seat is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving seat 2. The balancing cylinder 50 generates an upward force through air pressure, which balances the gravity of moving parts such as the Z-axis moving seat 2, probe mechanism 4, first electric spindle 5, and second electric spindle 6. This reduces the load on the Z-axis linear drive device 8 and decreases the power requirement of the second drive motor 81. In addition, the balancing force provided by the balancing cylinder 50 can also improve the motion accuracy and stability of moving parts such as the Z-axis moving seat 2, probe mechanism 4, first electric spindle 5, and second electric spindle 6.
[0023] In this embodiment, an X-axis linear guide 30 is connected between the first X-axis moving seat 3 and the Z-axis moving seat 2; the first X-axis linear drive device 9 includes a third drive motor 91 and an X-axis lead screw and nut assembly 92. The third drive motor 91 and the X-axis lead screw and nut assembly 92 are mounted on the Z-axis moving seat 2, and the output shaft of the third drive motor 91 is connected to the lead screw of the X-axis lead screw and nut assembly 92. A nut seat is provided on the nut of the X-axis lead screw and nut assembly 92, and the nut seat is fixedly connected to the first X-axis moving seat 3.
[0024] It should be understood that all the above embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive. Any modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described above under the concept of this utility model shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this utility model.
Claims
1. An automatic centering head structure of a side hole machine, characterized by: It includes a Y-axis moving base, a Z-axis moving base, a first X-axis moving base, a probe mechanism, a first electric spindle, and a second electric spindle; the Y-axis moving base is erected on the frame, and the bottom of the Y-axis moving base is provided with a Y-axis linear drive device for driving the Y-axis moving base to move along the Y-axis direction; the Z-axis moving base is disposed on the Y-axis moving base, and the Y-axis moving base is provided with a Z-axis linear drive device for driving the Z-axis moving base to move along the Z-axis direction; The first X-axis moving base is mounted on the Z-axis moving base, and the Z-axis moving base is provided with a first X-axis linear drive device for driving the first X-axis moving base to move along the X-axis direction; the probe mechanism includes a base, a moving plate, a probe, and a second X-axis linear drive device, the base is fixed to the top of the first X-axis moving base, the moving plate is mounted on the base, the moving plate is provided with a clamp, the probe is mounted on the clamp, and the second X-axis linear drive device is used to drive the moving plate to move along the X-axis direction; the first electric spindle and the second electric spindle are spaced apart on the first X-axis moving base.
2. The automatic centering head structure of a side hole machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second X-axis moving seat and a third X-axis moving seat are respectively fixed on the first electric spindle and the second electric spindle. The second X-axis moving seat and the third X-axis moving seat are spaced apart on the first X-axis moving seat. The first X-axis moving seat is provided with a third X-axis linear drive device and a fourth X-axis linear drive device for driving the second X-axis moving seat and the third X-axis moving seat to move along the X-axis direction.
3. The automatic centering head structure of a side hole machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: X-axis linear guides are connected between the movable plate and the base, between the second X-axis movable base and the first X-axis movable base, and between the third X-axis movable base and the first X-axis movable base. The second X-axis linear drive device, the third X-axis linear drive device, and the fourth X-axis linear drive device are all cylinders. The piston rod of the second X-axis linear drive device is connected to the movable plate, the piston rod of the third X-axis linear drive device is connected to the second X-axis movable base, and the piston rod of the fourth X-axis linear drive device is connected to the third X-axis movable base.
4. The automatic centering head structure of a side hole machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A Y-axis linear guide is connected between the bottom of the Y-axis moving seat and the frame; the Y-axis linear drive device includes a first drive motor, a helical rack and a helical gear. The first drive motor is installed at the bottom of the Y-axis moving seat, the helical rack is installed on the frame along the Y-axis direction, and the helical gear is connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor and meshes with the helical rack.
5. The automatic centering head structure of the side-hole drilling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A balancing cylinder is installed on one side of the Y-axis moving seat, and a connecting plate is fixed on one side of the Z-axis moving seat. The output end of the balancing cylinder is provided with a floating joint, which is connected to the connecting plate.
6. The automatic centering head structure of the side-hole drilling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A Z-axis linear guide is connected between the Z-axis moving seat and the Y-axis moving seat; the Z-axis linear drive device includes a second drive motor and a Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly. The second drive motor and the Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly are mounted on the Y-axis moving seat, and the output shaft of the second drive motor is connected to the lead screw of the Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly. A nut seat is provided on the nut of the Z-axis lead screw and nut assembly, and the nut seat is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving seat.
7. The automatic centering head structure of the side-hole drilling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: An X-axis linear guide is connected between the first X-axis moving seat and the Z-axis moving seat; the first X-axis linear drive device includes a third drive motor and an X-axis lead screw and nut assembly. The third drive motor and the X-axis lead screw and nut assembly are mounted on the Z-axis moving seat, and the output shaft of the third drive motor is connected to the lead screw of the X-axis lead screw and nut assembly. A nut seat is provided on the nut of the X-axis lead screw and nut assembly, and the nut seat is fixedly connected to the first X-axis moving seat.