Pneumatic unlocking separation device and spacecraft

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of pneumatic unlocking separation devices and spacecraft, it is related to aerospace vehicle technical field, wherein, a kind of pneumatic unlocking separation device, including first connector, second connector, threaded connection has split nut in the connecting bolt that is successively worn in second connector and first connector and the shell that one end is detachably connected in first connector other side, connecting bolt is threadedly connected with split nut, shell other end is sealedly connected with piston cover, piston cover is equipped with the air passage of the inner chamber of shell intercommunication, and detachably connected with the elastic release piece that abuts on the end of connecting bolt, shell and piston cover are simultaneously slidably connected with the locking sleeve plug that one end is blocked in air passage, locking sleeve plug is set in split nut.The utility model can realize the reliable separation of connector by pneumatic mode, it is convenient to operate, and can effectively overcome the defects of undetectability and poor consistency of pyrotechnics separation device in aerospace field, with good economy, environmental protection and security.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aerospace technology, and in particular to a pneumatic unlocking and separation device and a spacecraft. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of China's commercial space program and the increasing demand for large-scale internet constellations, the need for intensive launches of launch vehicles and satellites is becoming increasingly prominent. Against this backdrop, separation mechanisms play a crucial role in launch vehicle stage separation, satellite-rocket separation, and satellite solar panel deployment. The core function of this device in a spacecraft is to reliably connect the two parts to be separated before the separation action is executed, and to quickly sever the connection between the two parts upon receiving the separation command.

[0003] Traditional single-use launch vehicles typically employ pyrotechnic energy-driven separation technologies such as explosive bolts (separation nuts), low-impact separation devices, and expansion tubes to achieve separation of corresponding parts. While these pyrotechnic energy-driven separation devices demonstrate excellent maturity and reliability, their reliance on single-use pyrotechnic energy results in undetectable and unmeasurable characteristics. Furthermore, the significant dispersion of pyrotechnic energy makes it difficult to guarantee the consistency of separation device performance. More importantly, the pyrotechnic energy used in pyrotechnic separation devices can easily cause environmental pollution, and places stricter requirements on the safety control of production personnel and range operators. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a pneumatic unlocking and separation device and a spacecraft, which can reliably separate the connecting body through pneumatic means, is easy to operate, and can effectively overcome the defects of undetectability and poor consistency of pyrotechnic separation devices in the aerospace field. It has good economy, environmental protection and safety.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: This utility model provides a pneumatic unlocking and separation device, including a first connecting body, a second connecting body abutting one side of the first connecting body, a connecting bolt passing through the second connecting body and the first connecting body successively, and a housing detachably connected at one end to the other side of the first connecting body. The connecting bolt is threaded with a split nut, and the other end of the housing is sealed with a piston cover. The piston cover has an air passage communicating with the inner cavity of the housing and is detachably connected with an elastic release member abutting the end of the connecting bolt. The housing and the piston cover are simultaneously slidably connected with a locking sleeve at one end that blocks the air passage. The locking sleeve is sleeved on the split nut, and the inner and outer sides of the other end of the locking sleeve abut against the split nut and the housing, respectively. The inner side of the middle end of the locking sleeve has an unlocking space for the split nut to move radially and separate from the connecting bolt.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: During unlocking, gas enters the sealed space between the housing, piston cover, and locking sleeve through the gas passage. As the gas pressure increases, the locking sleeve overcomes friction and moves toward the first connecting body. When the split nut is completely aligned with the unlocking space, the split nut moves radially into the unlocking space and disengages from the connecting bolt. At the same time, under the elastic action of the elastic release member, the connecting bolt is pushed out by the elastic release member, completing the release and thus unlocking the first and second connecting bodies. Through this pneumatic unlocking method, reliable separation of the first and second connecting bodies is achieved. The operation is convenient and can effectively overcome the defects of undetectability and poor consistency of pyrotechnic separation devices in the aerospace field. It has good economic, environmental protection, and safety features.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0008] Furthermore, a locking retaining spring is provided inside the housing, with its two ends abutting against the housing and the locking sleeve respectively, and the inner side of the locking sleeve is provided with an inclined surface connecting its other end to the inner wall of the unlocking space.

[0009] Furthermore, a positioning cylinder is provided inside the housing, the locking and maintaining spring is sleeved on the positioning cylinder, and the two ends of the positioning cylinder abut against the housing and the split nut respectively, and the outer side of the positioning cylinder abuts against the inner side of the other end of the locking sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the end of the positioning cylinder is circumferentially fixedly connected with multiple guide blocks, and each segment of the segmented nut is provided with a guide groove for the corresponding guide block to slide.

[0011] Furthermore, a rolling groove is provided at the end of the positioning cylinder, and multiple balls are placed in the rolling groove, with each ball simultaneously supporting the split nut.

[0012] Furthermore, the locking sleeve includes an unlocking piston and an unlocking sleeve. The unlocking piston is slidably connected to both the housing and the piston cover and blocks the air passage. The unlocking sleeve is slidably connected to the housing, and one end of it abuts against the unlocking piston. The unlocking space is opened in the unlocking sleeve, and the split nut abuts against the inner side of the other end of the unlocking sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the locking sleeve also includes an inner sealing ring embedded inside the unlocking piston and an outer sealing ring embedded outside the unlocking piston, the inner sealing ring abutting against the piston cover and the outer sealing ring abutting against the housing.

[0014] Furthermore, the locking sleeve is provided with an unlocking ramp that is inclined toward the split nut, and the split nut is fixedly connected to an unlocking platform that is directly opposite the unlocking ramp.

[0015] Furthermore, the piston cap is fitted with a piston sealing ring that abuts against the inner wall of the housing.

[0016] This utility model also provides a spacecraft, including a pneumatic unlocking and separation device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present utility model Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the housing of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a partial exploded view of the structure of this utility model, showing a cross-sectional view.

[0018] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. First connector; 2. Second connector; 3. Connecting bolts; 4. Shell; 41. Inner cylinder; 5. Piston cap; 51. Air passage; 52. Piston sealing ring; 6. Elastic release element; 61. Release top lock; 62. Release spring; 63. Release pressure cap; 7. Split nut; 71. Guide groove; 72. Unlocking platform; 8. Locking plug; 81. Unlocking piston; 811. Unlocking ramp; 82. Unlocking sleeve; 821. Unlocking space; 822. Ram; 83. Inner sealing ring; 84. Outer sealing ring; 9. Locking and holding spring; 91. Positioning cylinder; 911. Guide block; 912. Positioning pin; 92. Ball bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The principles and features of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0020] Example 1 like Figures 1-4 This embodiment provides a pneumatic unlocking and separation device, including a first connecting body 1, a second connecting body 2 abutting against one side of the first connecting body 1, a connecting bolt 3 passing through the second connecting body 2 and the first connecting body 1 successively, and a housing 4 detachably connected to the other side of the first connecting body 1 at one end. The connecting bolt 3 is threadedly connected to a split nut 7, and the other end of the housing 4 is sealed to a piston cover 5. The piston cover 5 has an air passage 51 communicating with the inner cavity of the housing 4, and is detachably connected to an elastic release member 6 abutting against the end of the connecting bolt 3. The housing 4 and the piston cover 5 are simultaneously slidably connected to a locking sleeve 8 at one end of which is blocked in the air passage 51. The locking sleeve 8 is sleeved outside the split nut 7, and the inner and outer sides of the other end of the locking sleeve 8 abut against the split nut 7 and the housing 4, respectively. The inner side of the middle end of the locking sleeve 8 has an unlocking space 821 for the split nut 7 to move radially and separate from the connecting bolt 3.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: During unlocking, gas enters the sealed space between the housing 4, piston cover 5, and locking sleeve 8 through the gas passage 51. As the gas pressure increases, the locking sleeve 8 overcomes the frictional force and moves toward the first connecting body 1. When the split nut 7 is completely aligned with the unlocking space 821, the split nut 7 moves radially in the unlocking space 821, and the split nut 7 disengages from the connecting bolt 3. At the same time, under the elastic action of the elastic release member 6, the connecting bolt 3 is pushed out by the elastic release member 6, completing the release, thereby unlocking the first connecting body 1 and the second connecting body 2. Through this pneumatic unlocking method, reliable separation of the first connecting body 1 and the second connecting body 2 is achieved. The operation is convenient, and it can effectively overcome the defects of undetectability and poor consistency of pyrotechnic separation devices in the aerospace field. It has good economy, environmental protection and safety.

[0022] Based on the above embodiment, the connecting bolt 3 is fitted with a washer, and the washer abuts against the second connecting body 2.

[0023] Furthermore, the housing 4 can be connected to the first connecting body 1 by the first screw, and the piston cover 5 can be connected to the housing 4 by the second bolt.

[0024] One implementation method known to those skilled in the art is to issue an unlocking command through a conventional control system and input gas from the inlet of gas channel 51. The gas can be nitrogen.

[0025] It should be noted that the segmented nut 7 is made by cutting a complete nut into several segments along the axial direction. The specific structure and implementation principle of the segmented nut 7 are existing technologies. Applying it to aerospace equipment can be achieved without creative effort, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0026] Based on the above embodiments, the piston cover 5 has a stepped hole through which the elastic release member 6 is installed. The elastic release member 6 includes a release top lock 61 with one end abutting the end of the connecting bolt 3, a release spring 62 with one end abutting the other end of the release top lock 61, and a release pressure cover 63 that is detachably connected to the piston cover 5 and abutting the other end of the release spring 62.

[0027] Upon release, the released spring 62, in its stored state, applies force to the released top lock 61, causing the released top lock 61 to press against the connecting bolt 3, thereby releasing the connecting bolt 3. The released top lock 61 is a stepped shaft, thinner at both ends and thicker in the middle. One end is fitted and slidably connected to a small hole in the stepped hole to abut against the end of the connecting bolt 3. One side of the released top lock 61 is an arc surface, and the connecting bolt 3 has a matching arc groove. The arc surface end of the released top lock 61 extends into the arc groove to ensure the coaxiality of the released top lock 61 and the connecting bolt 3. Furthermore, one side of the middle end of the released top lock 61 abuts against the shoulder of the stepped hole to prevent the released top lock 61 from sliding out of the stepped hole. One end of the released spring 62 is sleeved on the other end of the released top lock 61 and abuts against the other side of the middle end of the released top lock 61, so that the other end of the released top lock 61 can guide the released spring 62.

[0028] The release cap 63 can be connected to the piston cap 5 via a third screw.

[0029] Example 2 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on embodiment 1, a locking retaining spring 9 is provided inside the housing 4. The two ends of the locking retaining spring 9 abut against the housing 4 and the locking sleeve 8 respectively, and the inner side of the locking sleeve 8 is provided with an inclined surface 822 that connects to its other end and the inner wall of the unlocking space 821.

[0030] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that when the pneumatic force is released, the locking sleeve 8 of the locking maintaining spring 9 moves in the opposite direction. Under the guidance of the inclined surface 822, the split nut 7 disengages from the unlocking space 821 and closes again. The closed split nut 7 abuts against the inner wall of the other end of the locking sleeve 8, thereby realizing the reuse of the device.

[0031] In the locked state, the locking retaining spring 9 can support the locking sleeve 8, ensuring that the locking sleeve 8 provides stable support for the split nut 7; during the unlocking process, the air pressure overcomes the elastic force of the locking retaining spring 9 and the elastic force of the locking sleeve 8, causing the locking sleeve 8 to move until the split nut 7 disengages from the connecting bolt 3, thus achieving unlocking.

[0032] like Figure 3 In this embodiment, an inner cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to the inner side of one end of the housing 4, and an installation space is formed between the inner cylinder 41 and the inner wall of the housing 4. The locking and maintaining spring 9 is installed in the installation space.

[0033] Example 3 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on embodiments 1 and 2, a positioning cylinder 91 is provided inside the housing 4, a locking and maintaining spring 9 is sleeved on the positioning cylinder 91, and the two ends of the positioning cylinder 91 abut against the housing 4 and the split nut 7 respectively, and the outer side of the positioning cylinder 91 abuts against the inner side of the other end of the locking sleeve plug 8.

[0034] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that the positioning cylinder 91 simultaneously provides stable support for the split nut 7, the locking sleeve 8, and the locking and maintaining spring 9, ensuring the stability of the radial movement of the split nut 7, the stability of the axial movement of the locking sleeve 8, and the straightness of the deformation and extension of the locking and maintaining spring 9.

[0035] Based on the above embodiment, the axial cross section of the positioning cylinder 91 is "L" shaped, and one end of the locking and maintaining spring 9 abuts against one end of the positioning cylinder 91, and the locking and maintaining spring 9 is sleeved on the positioning cylinder 91.

[0036] Example 4 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on embodiments 1-3, the end of the positioning cylinder 91 is circumferentially fixedly connected with multiple guide blocks 911, and each segment of the split nut 7 is provided with a guide groove 71 for the corresponding guide block 911 to slide.

[0037] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that when the segmented nut 7 moves radially, the guide block 911 can guide and limit the radial movement of each segment of the segmented nut 7.

[0038] Based on the above embodiment, the positioning cylinder 91 overlaps the end of the inner cylinder 41, and the positioning cylinder 91 and the inner cylinder 41 are both equipped with positioning pins 912, so as to form a positioning installation of the positioning cylinder 91 through the positioning pins 912 to prevent the positioning cylinder 91 from rotating.

[0039] Example 5 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 Based on embodiments 1-4, a rolling groove is provided at the end of the positioning cylinder 91, and multiple balls 92 are placed in the rolling groove. Each ball 92 is simultaneously supported by the split nut 7.

[0040] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that when the split nut 7 moves radially, each ball 92 can roll under the action of friction, so as to achieve smooth radial movement of the split nut 7 through the rolling of the ball 92.

[0041] It should be noted that each ball 92 fills the rolling groove to ensure that each ball 92 forms a stable support for the segmented nut 7.

[0042] Example 6 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on embodiments 1-5, the locking sleeve 8 includes an unlocking piston 81 and an unlocking sleeve 82. The unlocking piston 81 is slidably connected to the housing 4 and the piston cover 5 and is blocked in the air passage 51. The unlocking sleeve 82 is slidably connected to the housing 4 and one end of it abuts against the unlocking piston 81. The unlocking space 821 is opened in the unlocking sleeve 82, and the split nut 7 abuts against the inner side of the other end of the unlocking sleeve 82.

[0043] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that, during unlocking, gas enters the sealed space between the housing 4, the piston cover 5, and the unlocking piston 81 from the gas passage 51. As the gas pressure increases, the unlocking piston 81 pushes the unlocking sleeve 82 to overcome friction and move towards the first connecting body 1. When the split nut 7 is completely aligned with the unlocking space 821, the split nut 7 moves radially in the unlocking space 821 and disengages from the connecting bolt 3. At the same time, under the elastic action of the elastic release member 6, the connecting bolt 3 is pushed out by the elastic release member 6, completing the release, thereby unlocking the first connecting body 1 and the second connecting body 2.

[0044] Example 7 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on embodiments 1-6, the locking sleeve 8 further includes an inner sealing ring 83 embedded inside the unlocking piston 81 and an outer sealing ring 84 embedded outside the unlocking piston 81. The inner sealing ring 83 abuts against the piston cover 5, and the outer sealing ring 84 abuts against the housing 4.

[0045] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that the sealing between the unlocking piston 81 and the housing 4 and the piston cover 5 is guaranteed by the inner sealing ring 83 and the outer sealing ring 84, thereby ensuring the sealing of the sealed space between the housing 4, the piston cover 5 and the unlocking piston 81.

[0046] Both the inner sealing ring 83 and the outer sealing ring 84 can be made of materials such as rubber or silicone.

[0047] Example 8 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on embodiments 1-7, the locking sleeve 8 is provided with an unlocking ramp 811 that is inclined toward the split nut 7, and the split nut 7 is fixedly connected to an unlocking platform 72 that is directly opposite to the unlocking ramp 811.

[0048] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that when the unlocking piston 81 moves continuously toward the split nut 7 under the action of air pressure, the unlocking platform 72 can abut against the unlocking inclined surface 811. Through the guidance of the unlocking inclined surface 811, it is ensured that the split nut 7 can be completely separated from the connecting bolt 3.

[0049] Example 9 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on embodiments 1-8, the piston cover 5 is fitted with a piston sealing ring 52 that abuts against the inner wall of the housing 4.

[0050] The beneficial effect of adopting the preferred solution in the above embodiments is that the sealing performance between the piston cover 5 and the housing 4 is ensured by the piston sealing ring 52, thereby ensuring the sealing performance of the sealed space between the housing 4, the piston cover 5 and the unlocking piston 81.

[0051] The piston sealing ring 52 can be made of materials such as rubber or silicone.

[0052] Example 10 This embodiment also provides a spacecraft, including a pneumatic unlocking and separation device as described in any one of embodiments 1-9.

[0053] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0054] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0057] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic unlocking and separation device, characterized in that, The device includes a first connector (1), a second connector (2) abutting against one side of the first connector (1), a connecting bolt (3) passing through the second connector (2) and the first connector (1) respectively, and a housing (4) detachably connected to the other side of the first connector (1). The connecting bolt (3) is threaded with a split nut (7). The other end of the housing (4) is sealed with a piston cover (5). The piston cover (5) has an air passage (51) communicating with the inner cavity of the housing (4) and is detachably connected to a valve that abuts against the first connector (1). The elastic release member (6) at the end of the connecting bolt (3) is slidably connected to the housing (4) and the piston cover (5), and a locking sleeve (8) with one end sealed in the air passage (51) is provided. The locking sleeve (8) is sleeved on the outside of the split nut (7), and the inner and outer sides of the other end of the locking sleeve (8) abut against the split nut (7) and the housing (4) respectively. The inner side of the middle end of the locking sleeve (8) is provided with an unlocking space (821) for the split nut (7) to move radially and separate from the connecting bolt (3).

2. The pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A locking retaining spring (9) is provided inside the housing (4). The two ends of the locking retaining spring (9) abut against the housing (4) and the locking sleeve (8) respectively. The inner side of the locking sleeve (8) is provided with an inclined surface (822) that connects to the other end of the sleeve and the inner wall of the unlocking space (821).

3. The pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing (4) is provided with a positioning cylinder (91), the locking and maintaining spring (9) is sleeved on the positioning cylinder (91), and the two ends of the positioning cylinder (91) abut against the housing (4) and the split nut (7) respectively, and the outer side of the positioning cylinder (91) abuts against the inner side of the other end of the locking sleeve (8).

4. The pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the positioning cylinder (91) is circumferentially fixedly connected with a plurality of guide blocks (911), and each segment of the split nut (7) is provided with a guide groove (71) for the corresponding guide block (911) to slide.

5. The pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the positioning cylinder (91) is provided with a rolling groove, and a plurality of balls (92) are placed in the rolling groove. Each ball (92) is supported by the split nut (7).

6. The pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking sleeve (8) includes an unlocking piston (81) and an unlocking sleeve (82). The unlocking piston (81) is slidably connected to the housing (4) and the piston cover (5) and is blocked in the air passage (51). The unlocking sleeve (82) is slidably connected to the housing (4) and one end of it abuts against the unlocking piston (81). The unlocking space (821) is opened in the unlocking sleeve (82). The split nut (7) abuts against the inner side of the other end of the unlocking sleeve (82).

7. The pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The locking sleeve (8) further includes an inner sealing ring (83) embedded inside the unlocking piston (81) and an outer sealing ring (84) embedded outside the unlocking piston (81). The inner sealing ring (83) abuts against the piston cover (5), and the outer sealing ring (84) abuts against the housing (4).

8. A pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The locking sleeve (8) is provided with an unlocking ramp (811) that is inclined toward the split nut (7), and the split nut (7) is fixedly connected to an unlocking platform (72) that is directly opposite to the unlocking ramp (811).

9. A pneumatic unlocking and separation device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The piston cap (5) is fitted with a piston sealing ring (52) that abuts against the inner wall of the housing (4).

10. A spacecraft, characterized in that, Includes a pneumatic unlocking and separation device as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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