Curtain height cutting machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses curtain fixed height cutting machine, including base, the inside vertical sliding of base is connected with cutting knife, and the upper surface of base is equipped with the door type frame, and the front surface vertical sliding of door type frame is connected with the lifting plate, still includes feeding mechanism, feeding mechanism: it includes movable plug shell, curtain clamp, fastening bolt and unfolding plug post, movable plug shell is inserted in the opening of lifting plate left side face, and the inside of movable plug shell is connected with the curtain clamp of elastic limit respectively horizontal sliding, and the two clamping plates of curtain clamp are all connected with fastening bolt threadedly, and the upper surface of unfolding plug post is connected with lifting plate respectively, this curtain fixed height cutting machine, through detachable design of movable plug shell and the automatic position adjustment of curtain clamp, fast fixed and unfolded curtain on curtain fixed height cutting machine, reduce the time that curtain fixed height cutting machine feeds when consumes, improve the efficiency of curtain fixed height cutting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of curtain processing technology, specifically a curtain height-fixed cutting machine. Background Technology

[0002] Curtains are made of materials such as cloth, linen, gauze, aluminum sheets, wood chips, and metal, and have the functions of shading, heat insulation, and regulating indoor light. During the curtain manufacturing process, to ensure accurate height, a height-precision cutting machine is often used. This machine is a specialized piece of equipment for precisely cutting curtain heights. It utilizes CNC technology to automate operation, significantly improving production efficiency and cutting accuracy. The existing technology, authorized by publication number CN 213857645, is relevant. U proposed a fully automatic curtain height-fixed cutting machine, including: a support, with a support frame fixed to the upper end of the support; an electric manipulator 1 for clamping the fabric is installed inside the support frame, the electric manipulator 1 is slidably installed inside the support frame via a moving component connected to the support component, the support component is slidably installed inside the support frame and can drive the electric manipulator 1 to move, the moving component is fixed to the bottom of the support frame and can drive the support component to move; an electric manipulator 2 is installed inside the support, the electric push rod 2 is slidably installed inside the support frame via a sliding component connected to the sliding component, the sliding component is fixed to the side wall of the support and can drive the electric manipulator 2 to move. Although it can achieve height-fixed cutting of curtains, the unfolding and fixing of the curtain on the height-fixed cutting machine during the cutting process takes a lot of time, affecting the efficiency of continuous curtain cutting. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the existing defects and provide a curtain height-fixed cutting machine. Through the detachable design of the movable insert and the automatic position adjustment of the curtain clamp, the curtain can be quickly fixed and unfolded on the curtain height-fixed cutting machine, reducing the time spent on feeding the curtain height-fixed cutting machine and improving the efficiency of continuous curtain height-fixed cutting. This can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a curtain height-fixed cutting machine, including a base, a cutting blade that is longitudinally slidably connected inside the base, a gate-shaped frame provided on the upper surface of the base, a lifting plate that is vertically slidably connected to the front surface of the gate-shaped frame, and a feeding mechanism;

[0005] The feeding mechanism includes a movable insert, curtain clips, fastening bolts, and unfolding inserts. The movable insert is inserted into the opening on the left side of the lifting plate. The interior of the movable insert is slidably connected to elastically limited curtain clips. Fastening bolts are threaded between the two clamping plates of the curtain clips. The unfolding inserts are slidably connected to the upper surface of the lifting plate and are installed in conjunction with the insertion holes on the upper surface of the curtain clips. Through the detachable design of the movable insert and the automatic position adjustment of the curtain clips, the curtains are quickly fixed and unfolded on the curtain height cutting machine, reducing the time spent feeding the curtain height cutting machine and improving the efficiency of curtain height cutting.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a PLC controller, which is located on the left side of the base. The input terminal of the PLC controller is electrically connected to an external power supply to control the start and stop of the entire device.

[0007] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism also includes a first guide post, a sliding plate, an electric push rod, a connecting plate, and a second guide post. The first guide post is respectively disposed between two support plates on the rear side of the lifting plate. Sliding plates are slidably connected laterally between the outer arc surfaces of the two first guide posts. An electric push rod is disposed in the mounting hole in the middle of the sliding plate. A connecting plate is disposed at the upper end of the telescopic end of the electric push rod. An unfolding insert is disposed at the front end of the connecting plate. A second guide post is disposed at the rear end of the connecting plate. The second guide post is vertically slidably connected to the guide hole on the surface of the sliding plate. The input end of the electric push rod is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller to provide support for the movement of the unfolding insert.

[0008] Furthermore, a rack plate is provided between the two support plates on the rear side of the lifting plate, and a motor is provided on the surface of the slide plate. A gear is provided at the lower end of the output shaft of the motor, and the gear is meshed with the rack plate. The input end of the motor is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller to provide power for the left and right movement of the unfolding insert.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the mounting holes on the front surface of the base is equipped with an electric push rod II. The cutting blade is positioned between the telescopic rear ends of the electric push rod II. Guide slides are provided at both ends of the front surface of the cutting blade. The front ends of the guide slides pass through the guide holes on the front surface of the base. The input end of the electric push rod II is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller, providing power and guiding support for the movement of the cutting blade.

[0010] Furthermore, the front surface of the vertical plate of the gantry frame is provided with guide grooves, and the left and right ends of the rear side of the lifting plate are provided with guide sliders. The guide sliders are vertically slidably connected to the inside of the guide grooves to provide guidance and support for the movement of the lifting plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the two vertical plates of the gantry frame are provided with rack plates on their opposite inner sides, and motors are provided in the middle of the support plates on the rear side of the lifting plate. The output shafts of the motors are provided with gears, which mesh with the adjacent rack plates. The input end of the motors is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller to provide power for the movement of the lifting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the left inner wall of the movable insert is provided with a limiting support plate. Each vertical hole on the surface of the limiting support plate is vertically slidably connected to a limiting post. There are two limiting posts, which are located at the left and right ends of the movable insert respectively. The tapered post at the upper end of the limiting post is fitted with the insertion hole on the upper surface of the curtain clip. A spring is provided between the limiting plate at the lower end of the limiting post and the limiting support plate. The spring is movably sleeved on the outer arc surface of the limiting post to limit the position of the curtain clip.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This curtain height-fixed cutting machine has the following advantages: With the detachable design of the movable insert and the automatic position adjustment of the curtain clip, the curtains can be quickly fixed and unfolded on the curtain height cutting machine, reducing the time spent feeding the curtain height cutting machine and improving the efficiency of continuous height cutting of curtains. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-section of the cutting blade of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a side view sectional diagram of the feeding mechanism of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the feeding mechanism of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a top view of the feeding mechanism of this utility model.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Base, 2. Cutting blade, 3. Gate frame, 4. Lifting plate, 5. Feeding mechanism, 51. Movable insert, 52. Curtain clip, 53. Fastening bolt, 54. Unfolding insert, 55. First guide post, 56. Slide plate, 57. Electric push rod one, 58. Connecting plate, 59. Second guide post, 6. Motor one, 7. Gear one, 8. Rack plate one, 9. PLC controller, 10. Electric push rod two, 11. Guide slide column, 12. Guide slide groove, 13. Rack plate two, 14. Motor two, 15. Spring, 16. Limiting support plate, 17. Limiting post, 18. Gear two. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] Please see Figure 1-5This embodiment provides a technical solution: a curtain height-fixing cutting machine, including a base 1, which provides support for the cutting components. A cutting blade 2 is longitudinally slidably connected inside the base 1, and the curtain is cut by the movement of the cutting blade 2. A gate-shaped frame 3 is provided on the upper surface of the base 1, providing support for the height-fixing components. A lifting plate 4 is vertically slidably connected to the front surface of the gate-shaped frame 3, and the height of the curtain is determined by the upward movement of the lifting plate 4. It also includes a PLC controller 9, located on the left side of the base 1. The input terminal of the PLC controller 9 is electrically connected to an external power source to control the start and stop of the entire device. The front surface of the base 1 is equipped with a... Each of the mounting holes is equipped with an electric push rod 10. The cutting blade 2 is positioned between the telescopic rear ends of the electric push rod 10. Guide slides 11 are located at both ends of the front surface of the cutting blade 2. The front ends of the guide slides 11 pass through the guide holes on the front surface of the base 1. The input end of the electric push rod 10 is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller 9. When the electric push rod 10 is activated, its telescopic end drives the cutting blade 2 to move back and forth. The longitudinal sliding connection between the guide slides 11 and the guide holes provides guidance and support for the movement of the cutting blade 2. Guide grooves 12 are provided on the front surface of the vertical plates of the portal frame 3, and guide grooves 12 are provided on both ends of the rear side of the lifting plate 4. There are guide sliders, which are vertically slidably connected to the inside of the guide groove 12. The guide sliders slide vertically within the guide groove 12, providing guidance and support for the movement of the lifting plate 4. The inner sides of the two vertical plates of the portal frame 3 are provided with rack plates 13. The middle of the support plate on the rear side of the lifting plate 4 is provided with motors 14. The output shaft of each motor 14 is provided with a gear 18. The gear 18 meshes with the adjacent rack plates 13. The input end of the motor 14 is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller 9. When the motor 14 is started, the output shaft of the motor 14 drives the gear 18 to rotate. The meshing connection of the second strip plate 13 drives the lifting plate 4 to move up and down. The support plate surface on the rear side of the lifting plate 4 is equipped with a laser range sensor. The distance between the lifting plate 4 and the top wall of the portal frame 3 is detected by the time required for the laser range sensor to emit and receive the reflected laser, and the distance of the lifting plate 4 moving up and down is determined. The output end of the laser range sensor is electrically connected to the input end of the PLC controller 9. The second motor 14 is equipped with an electromagnetic brake. After the power of the second motor 14 is cut off, the permanent magnet is used to generate braking force to lock the output shaft of the second motor 14, so as to prevent the output shaft of the second motor 14 from rotating due to external force. It also includes a feeding mechanism 5. The feeding mechanism 5 includes a movable insert 51, curtain clips 52, fastening bolts 53, and unfolding inserts 54. The movable insert 51 is inserted into the opening on the left side of the lifting plate 4. The interior of the movable insert 51 is laterally slidably connected to the elastically limited curtain clips 52. Fastening bolts 53 are threaded between the two clamping plates of each curtain clip 52. The unfolding inserts 54 are slidably connected to the upper surface of the lifting plate 4. The unfolding inserts 54 are installed in conjunction with the insertion holes on the upper surface of the curtain clips 52, pre-connecting the curtain clips 52 to the upper end of the curtain. During connection, the fastening bolts 53 are rotated, and through the threaded connection between the fastening bolts 53 and the clamping plates on the rear side of the curtain clips 52, the lower ends of the two clamping plates of the curtain clips 52 are brought closer together, firmly clamping the curtain. At this time, the curtains are arranged laterally in sequence. All the curtain clips 52 are located inside the movable insert 51. When feeding, simply insert the movable insert 51 into the opening on the left side of the lifting plate 4. During insertion, the inclined surface of the elastic locking block of the movable insert 51 contacts the limiting frame on the surface of the lifting plate 4. As the movable insert 51 is inserted, the elastic locking block deforms under the reaction force exerted by the limiting frame on the inclined surface of the elastic locking block. After the movable insert 51 is inserted, the elastic locking block passes over the limiting frame and returns to its original shape. The contact between the plane of the limiting frame and the limiting frame prevents the movable insert 51 from leaving the interior of the lifting plate 4, thus fixing the position of the movable insert 51. Then, by unfolding the insertion post 54 and inserting it into the insertion hole of the curtain clip 52, the curtain clip 52 is moved to the right and unfolded. After cutting, the insertion post 54 is moved in the opposite direction to unfold the curtain clip 52. Fold the curtains. After folding, the curtain clip 52 returns to the interior of the movable insert 51. Simply press the elastic block of the movable insert 51 to pull it out from the lifting plate 4, thus completing the curtain cutting. Then, insert the next movable insert 51 containing the curtain into the lifting plate 4 for the next height-fixed cutting. The feeding mechanism 5 also includes a first guide post 55, a slide plate 56, an electric push rod 57, a connecting plate 58, and a second guide post 59. The first guide posts 55 are respectively located between the two support plates on the rear side of the lifting plate 4. The slide plates 56 are laterally slidably connected between the outer arc surfaces of the two first guide posts 55. An electric push rod 57 is installed in the mounting hole in the middle of the slide plate 56. The upper end of the telescopic end of the electric push rod 57 is provided with a connecting plate. Connecting plate 58 and unfolding insert 54 are respectively set at the front end of connecting plate 58. The rear end of connecting plate 58 is provided with second guide post 59. The second guide post 59 is vertically slidably connected to the guide hole on the surface of slide plate 56. When the electric push rod 57 is activated, the telescopic end of the electric push rod 57 drives the connecting plate 58 and unfolding insert 54 to move up and down, providing power for the insertion of unfolding insert 54. The second guide post 59 slides vertically through the guide hole on the surface of slide plate 56, providing guidance and support for the up and down movement of unfolding insert 54. The input end of electric push rod 57 is electrically connected to the output end of PLC controller 9. A rack plate 8 is provided between the two support plates on the rear side of lifting plate 4. Motor 6 is provided on the surface of slide plate 56. Gear 7 is provided at the lower end of the output shaft of motor 6.Gear 7 meshes with rack 8. The input terminals of motor 6 are electrically connected to the output terminals of PLC controller 9. When motor 6 is started, its output shaft drives gear 7 to rotate. Through the meshing of gear 7 and rack 8, this drives slide plate 56 to move left and right, providing power for the left and right movement of the unfolding insert 54. A distance sensor is located in the middle of the left slide plate 56. The output terminal of the distance sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of PLC controller 9. The distance sensor measures the distance between the two slide plates 56 by emitting and receiving the reflected laser light, and transmits the measured data to PLC controller 9. PLC controller 9 controls the start and stop of the two motors 6 to adjust the distance between the two slide plates 56, thus unfolding the curtain. An electromagnetic brake is installed inside motor 6. After the power to motor 6 is cut off, the permanent magnet engages to generate braking force, locking the output shaft of motor 6 and preventing external force from causing the output shaft to rotate. A limiting support plate 16 is provided on the left inner wall of the movable insert 51. Limiting posts 17 are vertically slidably connected to the vertical holes on the surface of the limiting support plate 16. There are two limiting posts 17, located at the left and right ends of the movable insert 51 respectively. The tapered post at the upper end of the limiting post 17 mates with the insertion hole on the upper surface of the curtain clip 52. A spring 15 is provided between the limiting plate at the lower end of the limiting post 17 and the limiting support plate 16. The spring 15 is movably sleeved on the outer arc surface of the limiting post 17. Under the elastic force of the spring 15, the tapered post at the upper end of the limiting post 17 inserts into the vertically corresponding insertion hole of the curtain clip 52, thus restricting the positions of the leftmost and rightmost curtain clips 52.

[0018] The working principle of the curtain height-fixed cutting machine provided by this utility model is as follows: During the curtain height-fixed cutting process, the curtain clip 52 is connected to the upper end of the curtain in advance. During the connection process, the fastening bolt 53 is rotated, and the fastening bolt 53 is threadedly connected to the clamping plate on the rear side of the curtain clip 52, so that the lower ends of the two clamping plates of the curtain clip 52 are close to each other, and the curtain is firmly clamped. At this time, the curtain clips 52 arranged horizontally are all located inside the movable insert 51. Under the elastic force of the spring 15, the tapered post at the upper end of the limiting post 17 is inserted into the vertically positioned curtain clip 52 insertion hole, which restricts the position of the leftmost and rightmost curtain clips 52. When it is necessary to feed the material, simply insert the movable insert 51 into the opening on the left side of the lifting plate 4. During the insertion process, The inclined surface of the elastic locking block of the movable insert 51 contacts the limiting frame on the surface of the lifting plate 4. As the movable insert 51 is inserted, the elastic locking block deforms under the reaction force applied by the limiting frame to the inclined surface of the elastic locking block. After the movable insert 51 is inserted, the elastic locking block passes over the limiting frame and returns to its original shape. Through the contact between the plane of the limiting frame and the limiting frame, the movable insert 51 is prevented from leaving the interior of the lifting plate 4, thus fixing the position of the movable insert 51. At this time, the unfolding insert 54 is in the initial position, and the unfolding insert 54 corresponds to the vertical position of the limiting post 17. The electric push rod 57 is started by the PLC controller 9. The telescopic end of the electric push rod 57 drives the connecting plate 58 and the unfolding insert 54 to move downward, so that the unfolding insert 54 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 15 and pushes the limiting post 17. The conical column pushes out of the insertion hole of the curtain clip 52, so that the left unfolding insertion post 54 is inserted into the leftmost curtain clip 52 insertion hole, and the right unfolding insertion post 54 is inserted into the rightmost curtain clip 52 insertion hole. Then, the motor 6 is started, and the output shaft of the motor 6 drives the gear 7 to rotate. Through the meshing connection between the gear 7 and the rack plate 8, the slide plate 56 is moved to the right. Through the insertion of the unfolding insertion post 54 into the insertion hole of the curtain clip 52, the curtain clip 52 is moved to the right, leaving the movable insertion shell 51 and entering the lifting plate 4. The distance between the two slide plates 56 is determined by the time required for the distance sensor in the middle of the slide plate 56 to emit and receive the reflected laser, and the measured data is transmitted to the PLC controller 9. The PLC controller 9 then controls the two slide plates 56 respectively. The starting and stopping of motor 6 adjusts the distance between the two sliding plates 56, unfolding the curtains. Then, motor 14 is started, and its output shaft drives gear 18 to rotate. Gear 18 meshes with rack plate 13, moving lifting plate 4 upward and raising the unfolded curtains. A laser distance sensor on the support plate surface at the rear of lifting plate 4 detects the distance between lifting plate 4 and the top wall of the portal frame 3, determining the vertical movement distance of lifting plate 4. Once the set height is reached, electric push rod 10 is activated. The telescopic end of electric push rod 10 moves the cutting blade 2 backward, using the cutting blade 2 to perform fixed-height cutting on the curtains. After cutting, the above operation is repeated in reverse to lower and fold the curtains.The curtain clip 52 returns to the interior of the movable insert 51. During this process, the curtain clip 52 exerts a force on the conical arc surface of the limiting post 17, overcoming the elastic force of the spring 15, causing the limiting post 17 to move downwards, providing space for the curtain clip 52 to enter. When the insertion hole of the curtain clip 52 aligns with the vertical position of the limiting post 17, the limiting post 17 moves upwards to reset under the elastic force of the spring 15, thus restricting the position of the curtain clip 52. Finally, simply pull the movable insert 51 out of the lifting plate 4 to complete the curtain cutting. Then, insert the next movable insert 51 containing the curtain into the lifting plate 4 for the next height-fixed cutting.

[0019] It is worth noting that the PLC controller 9 disclosed in the above embodiments can be an NX7 model PLC controller. The electric linear actuator 57, motor 6, electric linear actuator 10, and motor 14 can be freely configured according to the actual application scenario. Both electric linear actuator 57 and electric linear actuator 10 can be ANT-52 model electric linear actuators, and both motor 6 and motor 14 can be 3M57-42A model stepper motors. The PLC controller 9 controls the operation of electric linear actuator 57, motor 6, electric linear actuator 10, and motor 14 using methods commonly used in the prior art.

[0020] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model and do not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of this utility model, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A curtain height-fixed cutting machine, comprising a base (1), wherein a cutting blade (2) is longitudinally slidably connected inside the base (1), and a gate-shaped frame (3) is provided on the upper surface of the base (1), and a lifting plate (4) is vertically slidably connected to the front surface of the gate-shaped frame (3), characterized in that: It also includes the feeding mechanism (5); The feeding mechanism (5) includes a movable insert (51), a curtain clip (52), a fastening bolt (53), and an unfolding insert (54). The movable insert (51) is inserted into the opening on the left side of the lifting plate (4). The movable insert (51) is laterally slidably connected to the curtain clip (52), which has elastic limit. The two clamps of the curtain clip (52) are threadedly connected to the fastening bolt (53). The unfolding insert (54) is slidably connected to the upper surface of the lifting plate (4), and the unfolding insert (54) is installed in conjunction with the insertion hole on the upper surface of the curtain clip (52).

2. The curtain height-fixing cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a PLC controller (9), which is located on the left side of the base (1), and the input terminal of the PLC controller (9) is electrically connected to an external power supply.

3. The curtain height-fixing cutting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (5) also includes a first guide post (55), a slide plate (56), an electric push rod (57), a connecting plate (58), and a second guide post (59). The first guide post (55) is respectively set between two support plates on the rear side of the lifting plate (4). The slide plate (56) is slidably connected between the outer arc surfaces of the two first guide posts (55). An electric push rod (57) is provided in the mounting hole in the middle of the slide plate (56). A connecting plate (58) is provided at the upper end of the telescopic end of the electric push rod (57). The unfolding insert (54) is respectively set at the front end of the connecting plate (58). A second guide post (59) is provided at the rear end of the connecting plate (58). The second guide post (59) is vertically slidably connected to the guide hole on the surface of the slide plate (56). The input end of the electric push rod (57) is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller (9).

4. The curtain height-fixing cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rack plate (8) is provided between the two support plates on the rear side of the lifting plate (4). A motor (6) is provided on the surface of the slide plate (56). A gear (7) is provided at the lower end of the output shaft of the motor (6). The gear (7) is meshed with the rack plate (8). The input end of the motor (6) is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller (9).

5. The curtain height-fixing cutting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Electric push rods (10) are provided in the mounting holes on the front surface of the base (1). The cutting blade (2) is located between the telescopic rear ends of the electric push rods (10). Guide slides (11) are provided at both ends of the front surface of the cutting blade (2). The front ends of the guide slides (11) pass through the guide holes on the front surface of the base (1). The input end of the electric push rods (10) is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller (9).

6. The curtain height-fixing cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front surface of the vertical plate of the portal frame (3) is provided with guide grooves (12), and the left and right ends of the rear side of the lifting plate (4) are provided with guide sliders, which are vertically connected to the inside of the guide grooves (12).

7. The curtain height-fixing cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two vertical plates of the portal frame (3) are provided with rack plates (13) on their inner sides. The support plate on the rear side of the lifting plate (4) is provided with motors (14) in the middle. The output shaft of the motors (14) is provided with gears (18). The gears (18) are meshed with the adjacent rack plates (13) respectively. The input end of the motors (14) is electrically connected to the output end of the PLC controller (9).

8. The curtain height-fixing cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left inner wall of the movable insert (51) is provided with a limiting support plate (16). The vertical holes on the surface of the limiting support plate (16) are vertically slidably connected to the limiting posts (17). There are two limiting posts (17) and they are located at the left and right ends of the movable insert (51) respectively. The tapered post at the upper end of the limiting post (17) is fitted with the insertion hole on the upper surface of the curtain clip (52). The limiting plate at the lower end of the limiting post (17) and the limiting support plate (16) are both provided with springs (15). The springs (15) are movably sleeved on the outer arc surface of the limiting post (17).

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