Antenna assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to an antenna assembly and a vehicle. The antenna assembly comprises a dielectric body, a first antenna structure and a second antenna structure. The projections of a plurality of second antenna structures on the dielectric body along the thickness direction of the dielectric body are arranged around the circumference of the first antenna structure, the plurality of second antenna structures are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the first antenna structure, and each second antenna structure is coupled with the first antenna structure. Based on circular polarization excitation of the first antenna structure, the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure independently excite two resonance modes, achieve common-feed dual-frequency circular polarization radiation, realize low-profile antenna structure, improve the influence of the surface wave effect of the dielectric body, reduce the mutual coupling interference between the dual frequencies, and improve the antenna gain and the antenna bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna assembly and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of intelligent and connected vehicles, high-precision GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), satellite communication antennas, and BeiDou short message antennas, among other non-terrestrial network antennas, have become key components for realizing functions such as autonomous driving and precise positioning. Their performance directly affects the stability and reliability of intelligent systems. Meanwhile, driven by the surge in the number of vehicle antennas and the demands for integrated vehicle body design and aesthetic styling, low-profile and highly integrated glass antennas have become an important development direction in the automotive antenna field. Utility Model Content

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an antenna assembly and a vehicle that can achieve dual-band operation, reduce overall size to avoid installation space limitations, reduce mutual interference between different frequency bands, and improve antenna gain and bandwidth.

[0004] On one hand, this application provides an antenna assembly, including:

[0005] Medium body;

[0006] A first antenna structure is disposed on the medium body;

[0007] The second antenna structure has a gap between it and the medium body. There are multiple second antenna structures, and the projections of the multiple second antenna structures on the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body are arranged around the first antenna structure. Each second antenna structure is coupled and connected to the first antenna structure.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first antenna structure includes a radiating substrate;

[0009] The medium body is provided as at least two stacked glass plates, and the radiation substrate is provided on any side of any of the glass plates.

[0010] Alternatively, the medium body may be a single-layer glass plate, and the radiation substrate may be disposed on any side of the single-layer glass plate.

[0011] In one embodiment, the second antenna structure comprises four antennas.

[0012] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly further includes a metal frame surrounding the outer periphery of the first antenna structure, the metal frame being connected to the dielectric body.

[0013] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly further includes a feed board connected to the dielectric body via the metal frame. The feed board has a feed section that is directly fed or coupled to the first antenna structure. The feed board also has a grounding section that is electrically connected to the metal frame.

[0014] In one embodiment, the second antenna structure includes a radiating grounding branch, and a space is provided between the feed board and the dielectric body, with the second antenna structure disposed within the space.

[0015] In one embodiment, the radiating grounding branch includes a short-circuit portion and a radiating portion, the short-circuit portion being electrically connected to the grounding portion and also electrically connected to the radiating portion, and the radiating portion being coupled to the first antenna structure and / or the feed portion.

[0016] In one embodiment, one end of the radiating part is connected to the short-circuit part, and the other end of the radiating part is an open-circuit end;

[0017] The open end is suspended; or...

[0018] The open-circuit end is provided with a flange, and the grounding part is provided with a hollow area corresponding to the position of the flange, the flange abutting against the hollow area; or...

[0019] The open-circuit end is provided with an insulating support member, which abuts against the feeder board.

[0020] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0021] (1) The projection profile of the first antenna structure on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is set as the first projection profile, and the projection profile of the second antenna structure on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is set as the second projection profile. The distance between the opposite sides of the first projection profile and the second projection profile is set as D1. The wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point between the operating frequency band of the first antenna structure and the operating frequency band of the second antenna structure is set as λ3, 0≤D1≤1 / 20λ2.

[0022] (2) The distance between the two surfaces of the second antenna structure and the dielectric body that are opposite each other along the thickness direction of the dielectric body is set as D2, 0.5mm≤D2≤5mm;

[0023] (3) The width of the second antenna structure is set as W, and the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point of the working frequency band of the second antenna structure is set as λ2, 1 / 100λ2≤W≤1 / 20λ2.

[0024] In one embodiment, the metal frame includes a main body and an extension. The main body is annular and arranged around the circumference of the first antenna structure. The main body is connected to the dielectric body and also connected to the feed board. The extension is connected to the main body and is arranged around the circumference of the main body. Radiation slots are provided on the extension to form the second antenna structure. There are a plurality of radiation slots, and the plurality of radiation slots are arranged in an array along the circumference of the first antenna structure.

[0025] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0026] (1) The projection profile of the first antenna structure on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is defined as the first projection profile, and the projection profile of the extension on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is defined as the third projection profile. The distance between the opposite sides of the first projection profile and the third projection profile is defined as D4, where D4≥0mm.

[0027] (2) The distance between the center of the radial slit and the inner edge of the extension is set to D5, 0.5mm≤D5≤8mm;

[0028] (3) The width of the radial slit is set to D6, 0.5mm≤D6≤1.5mm;

[0029] (4) The gap length of the second antenna structure is 1 / 4 of λ2, and the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point of the operating frequency band of the second antenna structure is set as λ2.

[0030] In one embodiment, the thickness of the main body is set to H1, where H1 ≥ 4 mm; and / or,

[0031] The thickness of the extension is set to H2, where H2 ≥ 0.5 mm.

[0032] On the other hand, this application provides a means of transportation that includes the aforementioned antenna assembly.

[0033] In the aforementioned antenna assembly and vehicle, a gap is provided between the second antenna structure and the first antenna structure, and multiple second antenna structures are arranged circumferentially around the first antenna structure, with their projections along the thickness direction of the dielectric body onto the dielectric body. Each second antenna structure is coupled to the first antenna structure. Therefore, based on the circular polarization excitation of the first antenna structure, the two independent structures of the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure respectively excite two resonant modes, achieving common-feed dual-frequency circular polarization radiation. This not only realizes a low-profile antenna structure but also mitigates the impact of surface wave effects on the dielectric body, reduces inter-frequency mutual coupling interference, and improves antenna gain and bandwidth. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a medium body according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the medium body according to another embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the first antenna structure, the second antenna structure, and the dielectric body according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the first antenna structure, the second antenna structure, and the dielectric body according to another embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a first antenna structure, a second antenna structure, a dielectric body, and a metal frame according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of an antenna assembly according to another embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the feed board, the first antenna structure, and the second antenna structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the feed board, the first antenna structure, and the second antenna structure according to another embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the feed board, the first antenna structure, and the second antenna structure according to another embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 12This is a structural diagram of an antenna assembly according to another embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 13 For this application Figure 12 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the antenna assembly.

[0047] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged structural diagram at point A.

[0048] Figure 15 This is a structural diagram of the metal frame and second antenna structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 16 This is a structural diagram of the metal frame and the first antenna structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 17 This is a structural diagram of the metal frame and the first antenna structure according to another embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 18 This is a structural diagram of the metal frame and the first antenna structure according to another embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 19 This is a structural diagram of the metal frame and the first antenna structure according to another embodiment of this application.

[0053] Figure 20 for Figure 3 The graph shows the normal axis bandwidth of the antenna assembly.

[0054] Figure 21 for Figure 3 The diagram shows the right-hand circular polarization gain-bandwidth curve of the antenna assembly.

[0055] Figure 22 for Figure 3 The antenna assembly shown has a two-dimensional radiation pattern at 1.191 GHz.

[0056] Figure 23 for Figure 3 The antenna assembly shown has a two-dimensional radiation pattern at 1.575 GHz.

[0057] Figure 24 for Figure 12 The graph shows the normal axis bandwidth of the antenna assembly.

[0058] Figure 25 for Figure 12 The diagram shows the right-hand circular polarization gain-bandwidth curve of the antenna assembly.

[0059] Figure 26 for Figure 12 The antenna assembly shown has a two-dimensional radiation pattern at 1.176 GHz.

[0060] Figure 27 for Figure 12 The antenna assembly shown has a two-dimensional radiation pattern at 1.576 GHz.

[0061] 10. Dielectric body; 11. First glass plate; 111. First surface; 112. Second surface; 12. Adhesive layer; 13. Second glass plate; 131. Third surface; 132. Fourth surface; 20. First antenna structure; 30. Second antenna structure; 301. Second sub-section; 302. Main body section; 303. Extension section; 304. Radiation slot; 31. Insulating dielectric layer; 32. Radiation grounding branch; 33. Short circuit section; 34. Radiation section; 341. First sub-section; 342. Flanged edge; 35. Insulating support; 40. Metal frame; 41. Main body section; 42. Extension section; 50. Feed board; 51. Feed section; 511. Feed piece; 512. Connecting part; 52. Grounding part; 521. Hollowed-out area. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0063] It should be noted that the antenna components include, but are not limited to, GNSS antennas, satellite communication antennas, and BeiDou short message antennas. This embodiment will be specifically described using a GNSS antenna as an example.

[0064] It should be noted that the operating frequency bands involved in the antenna assembly in this embodiment mainly include, but are not limited to:

[0065] Frequency band L1 is 1558MHz-1606MHz;

[0066] The L2 frequency band is 1197MHz-1249MHz;

[0067] The L5 frequency band is 1164MHz-1189MHz.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first frequency band in this embodiment may correspond to frequency band L1, that is, any frequency band range from 1558MHz to 1606MHz; the second frequency band in this embodiment corresponds to frequency band L2 and / or frequency band L5, that is, any frequency band range from 1164MHz to 1249MHz.

[0069] In another embodiment, the first frequency band in this embodiment may also correspond to frequency band L2 and / or frequency band L5, that is, it includes any frequency band range from 1164MHz to 1249MHz; the second frequency band in this embodiment corresponds to frequency band L1, that is, it includes any frequency band range from 1558MHz to 1606MHz.

[0070] Of course, the first frequency band and the second frequency band in this embodiment can be the same, that is, each can include any frequency band range in 1558MHz-1606MHz, or can include any frequency band range in 1164MHz-1249MHz.

[0071] The wavelength of the first frequency band is set as λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point of the first frequency band; the wavelength of the second frequency band is set as λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point of the second frequency band.

[0072] It should be noted that, taking glass as a specific example, the wavelength of the antenna signal transmitted through the glass is calculated according to the following formula:

[0073] λ=C / f

[0074] Where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space, and C is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in free space. The wavelength of the glass medium, Where C is the frequency and C is the speed of light. Let be the relative permittivity of the glass, specifically 7.3 (approximately 2.7 under the square root). ρ is the relative permeability of the glass, typically 1.

[0075] It should be noted that the relative permittivity of the glass in this application is not limited to 7.3; "coupled connection" or "coupled feeding" both refer to two conductive elements that are not directly electrically connected, but are spaced apart, so that the signal can be transmitted between the two conductive elements through coupling.

[0076] Alternatively, according to the wave speed formula V (wave speed) = λ (wavelength) * f (frequency), in the same medium, the wave propagation speed is the same, and the product of wavelength and frequency remains unchanged, so λ = v / f. Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional, meaning that the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength. Therefore, by adjusting the electrical length of each radiating branch, the frequency band can be adjusted accordingly.

[0077] Of course, when the antenna signal is transmitted through the air, the wavelength of the antenna signal can be calculated similarly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0078] See Figure 3 or Figure 12To clearly illustrate the relationship between the various components of the antenna assembly, Figure 3 and Figure 12 The dielectric substrate and the first antenna structure are shown only in outline; the rest are shown in perspective. Specifically... Figure 3 and Figure 12 This is a view of the dielectric body 10 from the side facing away from the feed board. An embodiment of this application provides an antenna assembly including a dielectric body 10, a first antenna structure 20, a second antenna structure 30, and a metal frame 40.

[0079] The first antenna structure 20 is disposed on the dielectric body 10. The first antenna structure 20 includes, but is not limited to, a radiating substrate.

[0080] The dielectric body 10 can be a single-layer glass plate. The single-layer glass plate can be, for example, tempered glass or ordinary glass. The first antenna structure 20 is disposed on any side of the single-layer glass plate, preferably on the side of the single-layer glass plate closer to the internal environment of the vehicle, so as to avoid exposure to the external environment of the vehicle and damage.

[0081] The dielectric body 10 can be configured as at least two stacked glass plates, with the radiating substrate disposed on any side of either glass plate; in other words, the dielectric body 10 can be laminated glass, with the number of layers being, for example, two, three, or more. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the laminated glass will be specifically described as having two layers, but this is not a limitation. The laminated glass includes a first glass plate 11, an adhesive layer 12, and a second glass plate 13 stacked together in sequence. The first glass plate 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112 arranged opposite to each other, and the second glass plate 13 has a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132 arranged opposite to each other. The second surface 112 and the third surface 131 are arranged opposite to each other and connected by the adhesive layer 12. The first surface 111 faces the external environment of the vehicle, and the fourth surface 132 faces the internal environment of the vehicle. The adhesive layer 12 can be made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycarbonate (PC), sound-insulating PVB, light-shielding PVB, heat-controlling PVB, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomers, thermoplastic materials, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene vinyl acetate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and combinations thereof. In this embodiment, the medium body 10 is specifically, for example, laminated glass, which has stronger performance compared to a single-layer glass plate.

[0082] A gap is provided between the second antenna structure 30 and the dielectric body 10, and there are multiple second antenna structures 30. The projections of the multiple second antenna structures 30 onto the dielectric body 10 along the thickness direction are arranged around the outer periphery of the first antenna structure 20. Each second antenna structure 30 is coupled to the first antenna structure 20, that is, there is parasitic coupling between the second antenna structure 30 and the first antenna structure 20. Thus, the second antenna structure 30 does not receive the second frequency band signal independently, but is combined with the first antenna structure 20 to achieve the reception of the second frequency band signal.

[0083] In one specific embodiment, the plurality of second antenna structures 30 are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the first antenna structure 20. Optionally, the number of second antenna structures 30 is set to four, eight, or other numbers that can achieve 90° rotational symmetry. Taking four second antenna structures 30 as an example, the rotation angle between any two adjacent second antenna structures 30 is 90°.

[0084] The metal frame 40 is arranged circumferentially around the first antenna structure 20 and is connected to the dielectric body 10. Optionally, the connection between the metal frame 40 and the dielectric body 10 may include, but is not limited to, adhesive bonding. The metal frame 40 serves to support the dielectric body 10.

[0085] Furthermore, the metal frame 40 is used for grounding.

[0086] Optionally, the second antenna structure 30 can include either a radiating grounding stub 32 or a radiating slot. When the second antenna structure 30 is a radiating grounding stub 32, it is located on the side of the metal frame 40 closer to the first antenna structure 20, i.e., on the inner side of the metal frame 40. This results in a smaller distance between the second antenna structure 30 and the first antenna structure 20, ensuring a stronger coupling between them; furthermore, it reduces the overall size, achieving product miniaturization.

[0087] Please see Figure 3 or Figure 12For example, the antenna assembly also includes a feed board 50. A metal frame 40 is also connected to the feed board 50. The feed board 50 is mounted on the dielectric body 10 via the metal frame 40. The feed board 50 has a feed section 51. Specifically, the feed section 51 is electrically connected to the feed board 50 to transmit signals. The feed section 51 can be directly fed to the first antenna structure 20, or it can be coupled to it; this is not limited here. Specifically, when the first antenna structure 20 is disposed inside the dielectric body 10, for example, located on the second surface 112 or the third surface 131 of the dielectric body 10, the feed section 51 is coupled to the first antenna structure 20 for feeding; when the first antenna structure 20 is disposed on the fourth surface 132 of the dielectric body 10, the feed section 51 can directly contact the first antenna structure 20, thereby achieving direct feeding.

[0088] Optionally, the specific structural form of the feed section 51 is not limited. For example, it may include a feed sheet 511, which is a flat surface and parallel to the first antenna structure 20. The coupling between the feed sheet 511 and the first antenna structure 20 can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between them. Each end of the feed sheet 511 has a connecting portion 512. One connecting portion 512 is electrically connected to the signal input terminal on the feed board 50 to transmit signals, while the other connecting portion 512 abuts against an insulated position on the feed board 50, i.e., an open-circuit configuration. (See also...) Figure 12 The feed plate 511 may also have only one connecting part 512, which is connected to one end of the feed plate 511. The connecting part 512 is also electrically connected to the signal input terminal on the feed board 50 to transmit signals. The other end of the feed plate 511 is an open circuit terminal, i.e., an open circuit arrangement. Furthermore, the connecting part 512 may be configured in a bent form, which can facilitate the parallel arrangement of the feed plate 511 and the first antenna structure 20.

[0089] Optionally, there may be multiple feed units 51. The multiple feed units 51 are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the first antenna structure 20 at 90°. The multiple feed units 51 excite the first antenna structure 20 with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90°. Specifically, the feed units 51 may be two or four. When there are two feed units 51, the first antenna structure 20 is excited with equal amplitude and fed by two feed points; when there are four feed units 51, the first antenna structure 20 is excited with equal amplitude and fed by four feed points, with the four feed points arranged orthogonally in pairs along the diagonal.

[0090] Based on the equal amplitude excitation and 90° phase difference feeding of the radiating substrate by multiple feeding parts 51, a microstrip patch circularly polarized antenna is formed to radiate, so that the first antenna structure 20 transmits and / or receives antenna signals of the first frequency band, that is, it excites the first resonant mode.

[0091] Based on the first resonant mode excited here, due to the loading of multiple second antenna structures 30 around the radiating substrate at a 90° rotation, the electromagnetic coupling field is generated between the feed section 51 and the second antenna structure 30, and the parasitic coupling field is generated between the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30, thereby exciting the second resonant mode. In other words, the second antenna structure 30 does not receive the second frequency band signal independently, but is combined with the first antenna structure 20 to receive the second frequency band signal. The first antenna structure 20 transmits and / or receives antenna signals of the first frequency band, and the second antenna structure 30 can transmit and / or receive antenna signals of the second frequency band.

[0092] Therefore, the antenna assembly in this embodiment can form a dual-resonance multi-band operating mode.

[0093] It should be noted that the power supply unit 51 is not limited to being configured as follows: Figure 12 The power supply section 511 is shown. For example, the power supply board 50 also includes, for example, a signal transmission line, in which the power supply section 51 is included.

[0094] Please see Figure 11 For example, the feed board 50 also includes a grounding portion 52. The grounding portion 52 includes, but is not limited to, a metal layer or grounding component disposed on the side of the feed board 50 facing the dielectric body 10. The grounding portion 52 can be used to implement a reflective ground for the microstrip antenna. The grounding portion 52 is electrically connected to the metal frame 40, thereby grounding the metal frame 40. The electrical connection method between the metal frame 40 and the grounding portion 52 includes, but is not limited to, welding or using conductive adhesive, etc., as long as it enables an electrical connection between the grounding portion 52 and the metal frame 40.

[0095] Each of the second antenna structures 30 is electrically connected to the grounding part 52. The "electrical connection" between the second antenna structure 30 and the grounding part 52 can be a direct electrical connection, for example, see [reference needed]. Figures 7 to 11 In any one of the second antenna structures 30, one end is electrically connected to the grounding part 52; the "electrical connection" between the second antenna structure 30 and the grounding part 52 can also be an indirect electrical connection, for example, see [reference needed]. Figures 12 to 14 That is, the second antenna structure 30 is electrically connected to the metal frame 40, and the metal frame 40 is electrically connected to the grounding part 52.

[0096] Optionally, the power supply board 50 may be, but is not limited to, a circuit board. The grounding portion 52 may be, for example, a metal ground layer printed or plated on the surface of the circuit board. Of course, the power supply board 50 is not limited to a circuit board, and may also be obtained, for example, by 3D printing or sputtering, etc., without limitation.

[0097] The power supply board 50 is also provided with passive or active electronic components, such as couplers, amplifiers, and filters. Taking a coupler as an example, the coupler serves as the signal input terminal and is electrically connected to the power supply section 51, enabling the transmission of LNA amplified signals to the downstream active circuit.

[0098] In the aforementioned antenna assembly, a gap is provided between the second antenna structure 30 and the first antenna structure 20. Multiple second antenna structures 30 are arranged circumferentially around the first antenna structure 20, with their projections onto the dielectric body 10 along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10. Furthermore, the multiple second antenna structures 30 are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the first antenna structure 20, and each second antenna structure 30 is coupled to the first antenna structure 20. Therefore, based on the circular polarization excitation of the first antenna structure 20, the two independent structures of the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 respectively excite two resonant modes, achieving common-feed dual-frequency circular polarization radiation. This not only realizes a low-profile antenna structure but also mitigates the impact of surface wave effects on the dielectric body 10, reduces inter-frequency mutual coupling interference, and improves antenna gain and bandwidth. In addition, the metal frame 40 connects the dielectric body 10 and the feed board 50, which can support the feed board 50 and suppress the back lobe level energy for adjusting the radiation direction. Furthermore, capacitive coupling is formed between the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 and the metal frame 40, which effectively extends the current path radiated by the first antenna structure 20, thereby realizing the miniaturization design of the antenna. That is, the overall size is reduced, which avoids the limitation of installation space.

[0099] In addition, the second antenna structure 30 and the first antenna structure 20 are separate structures, which enhances the independence between the first frequency band and the second frequency band, reduces the coupling interference between the two different resonant modes, improves radiation efficiency and expands the relative bandwidth.

[0100] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, when the first antenna structure 20 includes a radiating substrate, the radiating substrate can be sintered and integrated onto the fourth surface 132 using, for example, a silver paste printing process. The radiating substrate can also be laminated into the glass interlayer using a copper sheet process, specifically, for example, the second surface 112 or the third surface 131. The maximum width of the radiating substrate is 1 / 4 of the wavelength λ1 of the first frequency band, i.e., 1 / 4λ1. The radiating substrate includes, but is not limited to, patterns with 90° rotational central symmetry such as circles or polygons. Specifically, polygons include, for example, squares, regular octagons, or connected patterns formed by rotating any arbitrary shape 90° four times.

[0101] It should be noted that, in order to couple and connect with the first antenna structure 20 and excite the second resonant mode, thereby enabling the transmission and / or reception of antenna signals in the second frequency band, the second antenna structure 30 can have various specific structural forms. It may include a radiating grounding stub 32, specifically as follows: Figures 3 to 11 As shown; the second antenna structure 30 can also be set as a radial slot 304, specifically how 12 to Figure 19 As shown.

[0102] The following will combine Figures 3 to 11 The second antenna structure 30 is configured as a radial grounding branch 32, which is described in detail and combined with Figures 12 to 19 The second antenna structure 30 is configured as a radial slot 304.

[0103] Please see Figures 3 to 11 , Figures 3 to 11 The second antenna structure 30 is illustrated, including a radiating grounding branch 32, which extends along its length (e.g., Figure 6 One end of the radiating grounding branch 32 (as indicated by the double arrow L in the diagram) is electrically connected to the grounding part 52. The remaining parts of the radiating grounding branch 32 are insulated from the grounding part 52 and coupled to the first antenna structure 20, which can excite the second resonant mode (f2) and can transmit and / or receive antenna signals in the second frequency band.

[0104] The radiating grounding branch 32 is, for example, a metal sheet. This metal sheet can be manufactured using sheet metal processing, laser milling, or bending processes, and can be made of materials including, but not limited to, copper, aluminum, and iron. Compared to glass, metal materials have lower electromagnetic loss characteristics, thereby improving antenna radiation efficiency.

[0105] The radiating grounding branch 32 is, for example, arranged in the shape of a strip and along the outer periphery of the first antenna structure 20.

[0106] Specifically, when the first antenna structure 20 is set as a square, the length direction of the second antenna structure 30 is parallel to or approximately parallel to the edge of the first antenna structure 20 adjacent to it. That is, the spacing between the second antenna structure 30 and the first antenna structure 20 remains constant along the length direction or is allowed to have a deviation value within, for example, ±5%, which helps to ensure the antenna performance of the second frequency band.

[0107] Of course, the second antenna structure 30 is not limited to a metal sheet; it can also be configured to include, for example, an insulating dielectric layer 31 and a radiating grounding branch 32, such as... Figure 8As shown. The radiating grounding branch 32 is disposed on the insulating dielectric layer 31. Optionally, the radiating grounding branch 32 can be a metal sheet bonded to the insulating dielectric layer 31 or a metal paste plated on the insulating dielectric layer 31, or it can be connected to the insulating dielectric layer 31 in other ways, which are not limited here. The insulating dielectric layer 31 is made of dielectric material, that is, an insulating dielectric plate. The insulating dielectric layer 31 can serve to support and carry the radiating grounding branch 32. The radiating grounding branch 32 is disposed on the insulating dielectric layer 31, for example, by plating, and the radiating grounding branch 32 is not limited to being made of high radiation efficiency materials such as copper. One end of the radiating grounding branch 32 is electrically connected to the grounding part 52, thereby achieving grounding, and the other end of the radiating grounding branch 32 is insulated from the grounding part 52, that is, it is not electrically connected to the grounding part 52. The material of the insulating dielectric layer 31 needs to meet the requirements of high frequency and high performance, such as using a metal substrate or Rogers series materials, etc. Compared with glass materials, the insulating dielectric layer 31 has lower electromagnetic loss characteristics, thereby improving the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0108] Optionally, the insulating dielectric layer 31 can be a rigid layer that can be directly fixed to the feed board 50; of course, the insulating dielectric layer can also be a non-rigid layer and, for example, fixed to the feed board 50 by insulating adhesive.

[0109] Please see Figures 3 to 7 In one embodiment, the second antenna structure 30 includes only the radiating grounding branch 32, that is, it does not include the insulating dielectric layer 31. The second antenna structure 30 is located on the side of the metal frame 40 close to the first antenna structure 20. In addition, there is a gap between the feed board 50 and the dielectric body 10, and the second antenna structure 30 is disposed in the gap. In this way, the overall structure is compact and the volume is small, which can realize miniaturized design.

[0110] For example, the radiating grounding branch 32 includes a short-circuit portion 33 and a radiating portion 34.

[0111] The short-circuit section 33 includes, but is not limited to, sheet-like or columnar shapes, serving to short-circuit and support the radial section, as shown in the reference section. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The short-circuit section can be one or two, etc., and is not limited here.

[0112] Optionally, the radiating part 34 may be parallel to the feed plate 50, for example. The radiating part 34 may be a straight strip or, as shown in the figure, a straight strip. Figure 10 The L-shape shown can also be any other shape, which is not limited here; the other end of the radiating part 34 can be suspended, flanged and abutting against the insulating area of ​​the feeder plate 50, or supported by an insulating support, etc., which is not limited here.

[0113] Among them, reference Figure 3 and Figure 9The short-circuit section can be in the form of a sheet or column, etc., and serves to short-circuit and support the radial section. There can be one or two short-circuit sections.

[0114] The short-circuit portion 33 is electrically connected to the ground portion 52. Optionally, the short-circuit portion 33 and the ground portion 52 are connected and fixed to each other by welding, conductive adhesive bonding, or using connectors made of metal materials. The short-circuit portion 33 is also electrically connected to the radiating portion 34. The short-circuit portion 33 and the radiating portion 34 are, for example, an integrated structure, specifically, integrally molded. The radiating portion 34 is coupled to the first antenna structure 20 and / or the feed portion 51. Thus, the short-circuit portion 33 is electrically connected to the ground portion 52, realizing the grounding of the second antenna structure 30, and the second antenna structure 30 is mounted on the feed plate 50; in addition, the radiating portion 34 is supported by the short-circuit portion 33, and a gap is provided between it and the feed plate 50 along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10, thereby making the radiating portion 34 open-circuited, and the radiating portion 34 is also separated from the first antenna structure 20 and / or the feed portion 51 by a gap, thereby coupling with the first antenna structure 20 and / or the feed portion 51 to excite the antenna signal of the second frequency band.

[0115] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 7 Specifically, the short-circuit section 33 and the radiating section 34 are arranged at an angle. The short-circuit section 33 is perpendicular to the feed plate 50, and the radiating section 34 is perpendicular to the short-circuit section 33. The radiating section 34 and the short-circuit section 33 cooperate to form an L-shape. The radiating section 34 is arranged parallel to the first antenna structure 20. This helps to ensure the antenna performance of the second frequency band.

[0116] For example, both the short-circuit section 33 and the radiating section 34 are, for example, sheet-like. When the radiating grounding branch 32 is set as a metal sheet, the short-circuit section 33 and the radiating section 34 are obtained by bending a straight metal sheet.

[0117] Please see Figure 8 Of course, when the second wire structure is set as a circuit board, the radiating grounding branch 32 includes a short-circuit part 33 and a radiating part 34, that is, the short-circuit part 33 and the radiating part 34 are metal layers on the insulating dielectric layer 31.

[0118] It should be noted that the short-circuit part 33 and the radiating part 34 are not limited to being perpendicular to each other. The angle between the short-circuit part 33 and the radiating part 34 can also be set as an acute angle or an obtuse angle, as long as the radiating part 34 and the first antenna structure 20 are set parallel to each other. The specific angle between the short-circuit part 33 and the radiating part 34 is not restricted here and can be set according to actual needs.

[0119] The length of the second antenna structure 30 refers to the sum of the length of the short-circuit section 33 and the length of the radiating section 34. The length of the second antenna structure 30 is 1 / 4 of λ2, i.e., 1 / 4λ2. The second antenna structure 30 is not housed within the dielectric body 10. λ2 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the air, specifically the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second frequency band.

[0120] The number of short-circuit portions 33 in each radial grounding branch 32 may be one or two, for example, and no further restrictions are imposed here. Please refer to Figure 7 When the short-circuit portion 33 of the radial grounding branch 32 is set to one, the radial grounding branch 32 is L-shaped as a whole; please refer to Figure 8 When the short-circuit part 33 of the radiating grounding branch 32 is set to two, the two short-circuit parts 33 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the radiating part 34 and are both connected to one end of the radiating part 34. The other end of the radiating part 34 is an open end. The radiating grounding branch 32 is inverted F shape as a whole, forming a parallel inductor to achieve optimized impedance matching.

[0121] It should be noted that the arrangement of the radiating section 34 relative to the feed plate 50 in this embodiment is not limited. For example, refer to... Figures 3 to 7 and Figures 9 to 11 The side of the feed plate 50 is parallel to the first surface 111 of the dielectric body 10, and the radiating part 34 can be arranged parallel to the side of the feed plate 50; for example, see [reference]. Figure 8 The radiating part 34 can also be arranged perpendicular to the side of the feed plate 50; it can also be arranged in other ways, which are not limited here.

[0122] For example, when the radial grounding branch 32 is made of a metal sheet, in order to improve the installation stability of the radial grounding branch 32 on the feeder board 50, the radial grounding branch 32 is preferably made of a metal sheet. Figures 3 to 7 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 The arrangement shown on the feed plate 50 is that the radiating part 34 is arranged parallel to the side of the feed plate 50.

[0123] Please see Figure 7 or Figure 8 Based on the aforementioned embodiment, one end of the radiating part 34 is connected to the short-circuit part 33, which serves to support the radiating part 34. The other end of the radiating part 34 is an open-circuit end, which can be arranged in various ways, as long as it is not electrically connected to the grounding part 52.

[0124] For example, please refer to Figure 3 The other end of the radiating part 34 is, for example, suspended.

[0125] For example, please refer to Figure 11The other end of the radiating part 34 is provided with a flange 342, and the grounding part 52 is provided with a hollow area 521 corresponding to the position of the flange 342. The metal layer at the hollow area 521 is removed, so it is non-conductive. The flange 342 abuts against the hollow area 521. In this way, not only can the flange 34 support the radiating part 34 and ensure the installation stability of the radiating grounding branch 32 on the feed board 50, but it can also prevent the radiating part 34 from being electrically connected to the grounding part 52.

[0126] For example, when the second antenna structure 30 includes an insulating dielectric layer 31, in order to facilitate the assembly and connection between the radial grounding branch 32 and the feed board 50, the radial grounding branch 32 preferably adopts the following... Figure 8 The arrangement shown on the feeder board 50 is such that the radiating grounding branch 32 includes a short-circuit section 33 and a radiating section 34. Both the short-circuit section 33 and the radiating section 34 are perpendicular to the side of the feeder board 50, and the short-circuit section 33 is directly electrically connected to the grounding section 52.

[0127] Of course, the radiated grounding stub 32 can also be adopted as follows: Figure 9 The arrangement shown on the feeder board 50, namely the radial grounding branch 32, includes a radial part 34. The radial part 34 and the insulating dielectric layer 31 are both parallel to the side of the feeder board 50. The short-circuit part 33 is correspondingly set as, for example, a short-circuit post. The radial part 34 is connected to the grounding part 52 through the short-circuit post. The short-circuit post can not only serve as an electrical connection between the radial part 34 and the grounding part 52, but also serve as a support for the radial part 34 and the insulating dielectric layer 31.

[0128] In this embodiment, one end of the radiating part 34 is connected to the grounding part 52 via the short-circuit part 33, while the other end of the radiating part 34 is an open-circuit end. The other end of the radiating part 34 has poor stability when unsupported. Therefore, based on the aforementioned embodiment, please refer to... Figure 9 The second antenna structure 30 also includes an insulating support 35. The other end of the radiating section 34 is connected to the feeder board 50 via the insulating support 35. The insulating support 35 includes, but is not limited to, insulated screws, pins, rivets, insulating posts, insulating pads, etc. The insulating support 35 abuts against the feeder board 50. In this way, not only can the radiating section 34 be supported by the insulating support 35, ensuring the installation stability of the radiating grounding branch 32 on the feeder board 50, but it also prevents electrical connection between the radiating section 34 and the grounding section 52.

[0129] It should be noted that the relative relationship between the four radiating parts 34 and the first antenna structure 20 in this embodiment can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, as long as they are symmetrical about 90° around the center of the first antenna structure 20. For example, taking the first antenna structure 20 as a square, the four radiating parts 34 can be arranged one-to-one with the four sides of the first antenna structure 20. See [reference needed]. Figure 3 , Figure 9 and Figure 11 Each radiating part 34 is parallel to each side of the first antenna structure 20; the four radiating parts 34 can also be arranged one-to-one with the four corners of the first antenna structure 20, see reference. Figure 10 The radiating part 34 includes two first split parts 341 arranged at an angle, and the two first split parts 341 are arranged parallel to the two adjacent sides of the corresponding corner part.

[0130] For example, the projection profile of the first antenna structure 20 on the surface of the dielectric body 10 along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10 is designated as the first projection profile, and the projection profile of the second antenna structure 30 on the surface of the dielectric body 10 along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10 is designated as the second projection profile. The distance between the opposite sides of the first and second projection profiles is designated as D1. The wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point between the operating frequency bands of the first and second antenna structures is designated as λ3. Specifically, the center frequency point is taken as the center point between the minimum value of the lower operating frequency band and the maximum value of the higher operating frequency band, and the wavelength corresponding to this center frequency point is also λ3. Wherein, 0≤D1≤1 / 20λ3. Thus, when D1 is less than 0, that is, the first and second projection profiles overlap, and the right-hand circular polarization gain index tends to decrease; when D1 is greater than 1 / 20λ3, the overall volume increases and the coupling effect weakens, and the right-hand circular polarization gain index tends to decrease. When 0 ≤ D1 ≤ 1 / 20λ3, the overall size is smaller, the right-hand circular polarization gain is larger, and the VSWR is better, ensuring good antenna performance. It should be noted that when D1 = 0... ， The first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 still have a gap along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10, which allows the antenna to maintain a good gain effect.

[0131] Please see Figure 7 For example, the distance between the two opposing surfaces of the second antenna structure 30 and the dielectric body 10 along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10 is set as D2, where 0.5mm ≤ D2 ≤ 5mm. Specifically, D2 can be, but is not limited to, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, or 5mm, etc., and can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs, without limitation here. Thus, when D2 is less than 0.5mm, the processing accuracy requirement is high, and the manufacturability is difficult. It is understandable that when the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 are kept in a spaced coupling state, D2 can also be less than 0.5mm and greater than 0. When D2 is greater than 5mm, not only is the overall size large, but the first frequency band and the second frequency band differ significantly, and the gain effect will be reduced, which does not meet the frequency requirements of GNSS.

[0132] For example, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 The metal frame 40 is arranged circumferentially around all the second antenna structures 30, and there is a gap between the metal frame 40 and each second antenna structure 30, meaning that the metal frame 40 does not make electrical contact with the second antenna structure 30 to avoid short circuit. The distance between each second antenna structure 30 and the metal frame 40 along the length of the radiating portion 34 is set to D3. D3 only needs to be greater than 0, ensuring no electrical contact with the metal frame 40. There are no other specific dimensional constraints, and the position of the second antenna structure 30 can be flexibly adjusted along the length of the radiating portion 34 according to actual needs. Furthermore, the distance between each second antenna structure 30 and the metal frame 40 along the width of the radiating portion 34 only needs to be greater than 0, again ensuring no electrical contact with the metal frame 40. There are no other specific dimensional constraints, and the position of the second antenna structure 30 can be flexibly adjusted along the width of the radiating portion 34 according to actual needs.

[0133] In summary, by flexibly adjusting D1, D2, and D3, the coupling energy strength and coupling current phase change between the second antenna structure 30 and the first antenna structure 20 are adjusted accordingly, and new parasitic inductance and capacitance are introduced to each other. The frequency resonance spacing and impedance matching index can be adjusted and optimized, thereby forming a high-performance dual-frequency circularly polarized radiation with an ideal frequency ratio.

[0134] Please see Figure 6 For example, the distance between the second antenna structure 30 and the metal frame 40 along its width is set to S, where S ≥ 0.5 mm. This ensures that the second antenna structure 30 can be stably placed within the metal frame 40. Furthermore, S ≤ 5 mm ensures that the antenna performance meets the requirements and facilitates miniaturization. That is, when S < 0.5 mm, the second antenna structure 30 is not easily placed within the metal frame 40; when S > 5 mm, the antenna performance meets the requirements, but the overall size is relatively large.

[0135] Please see Figure 7 For example, let the width of the second antenna structure 30 be W, and let the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna structure 30 be λ2, where 1 / 100λ2 ≤ W ≤ 1 / 20λ2. Thus, under suitable spatial conditions, the larger the width W of the second antenna structure 30, the better it is for improving impedance matching, thereby resulting in a wider bandwidth for the excited resonant modes. Of course, when W is greater than 1 / 20λ2, the overall size of the antenna assembly will be larger, leading to an excessively large antenna volume and weakened coupling performance. When W < 1 / 100λ2, the bandwidth of the second frequency band will be relatively narrow, resulting in deteriorated performance; when W > 1 / 20λ2, the relatively wide size will also cause an excessively large antenna volume and weakened coupling performance.

[0136] Please see Figures 12 to 19 The metal frame 40 includes a main body 41 and an extension 42. The main body 41 is annular and arranged circumferentially around the first antenna structure 20. One end of the main body 41 is connected to the dielectric body 10, and the main body 41 can serve to support the feed board 50. Optionally, the other end of the main body 41 is electrically connected to the feed board 50, and the extension 42 is connected to the inner side of the other end of the main body 41. The extension 42 is arranged circumferentially around the main body 41, and a radiation slot 304 is formed on the extension 42 to form a second antenna structure 30. Thus, based on the first antenna structure 20, a second antenna structure 30 is formed by opening a slot in the extension 42 of the metal frame 40. Based on the first resonant mode generated by the original first antenna structure 20, a corresponding second resonant mode is excited, thereby realizing the circular polarization radiation of the dual-frequency high-precision GNSS antenna, achieving common-feed dual-frequency circular polarization radiation. The overall integrated assembly is simple, which not only realizes a low-profile antenna with a minimum structural height of 4mm, but also improves the influence of the glass surface wave effect, reduces the mutual coupling interference between the two frequencies, and improves the antenna gain and antenna bandwidth.

[0137] It should be noted that the power supply board 50 is not limited to being connected to the end of the main body 41, but can also be installed inside the main body 41, as long as the main body 41 can support the power supply board 50. The specific configuration can be flexibly adjusted and configured according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0138] Specifically, the extension 42 and the main body 41 are an integrated structure, including but not limited to being integrally formed by sheet metal processing or die casting.

[0139] The main body 41 is a square frame, and the extension 42 is correspondingly square. The second antenna structures 30 are configured in numbers such as four or eight, achieving 90° rotational symmetry. Taking four second antenna structures 30 as an example, all four second antenna structures 30 are mounted on the extension 42 and are 90° rotationally symmetrical about the center of the first antenna structure 20. The slot length of the second antenna structure 30 is 1 / 4 of λ², i.e., 1 / 4λ².

[0140] The four second antenna structures 30 can be configured one-to-one with the four sides of the first antenna structure 20, as detailed in the following document. Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 19 Each of the second antenna structures 30 is parallel to each side of the first antenna structure 20; of course, the four second antenna structures 30 can also be arranged one-to-one with the four corners of the first antenna structure 20, see reference. Figure 18The second antenna structure 30 includes two second sub-sections 301 arranged at an angle, with each sub-section 301 parallel to the two adjacent sides of the corresponding corner section. Therefore, the specific geometric configuration of the radial slot 304 can be varied and can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs; no limitation is made here.

[0141] For example, the extension 42 includes, but is not limited to, a planar plate, and the extension 42 is arranged parallel to the dielectric body 10. This helps to ensure antenna performance.

[0142] For example, there are several radiating slots 304, and the several radiating slots 304 are arranged in a circumferential array along the first antenna structure 20.

[0143] For example, the projection profile of the first antenna structure 20 on the surface of the dielectric body 10 along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10 is designated as the first projection profile, and the projection profile of the extension 42 on the surface of the dielectric body 10 along the thickness direction of the dielectric body 10 is designated as the third projection profile. The distance between the opposite sides of the first projection profile and the third projection profile is designated as D4, where D4 ≥ 0 mm. Thus, when the distance between the opposite sides of the first projection profile and the third projection profile is D4 < 0 mm, that is, the first projection and the third projection overlap, the gain tends to decrease and the matching effect deteriorates; when D4 ≥ 0 mm, that is, the first projection profile and the third projection profile are spaced apart, the gain and matching effect can be improved.

[0144] Of course, as an alternative, D4 ​​< 0 mm.

[0145] Please see Figure 16 For example, the distance between the center of the radiating slot 304 and the inner edge of the extension 42 is set to D5, where 0.5mm ≤ D5 ≤ 8mm. Specifically, D5 includes, but is not limited to, 0.5mm, 2mm, 4mm, or 8mm, etc. Thus, when D5 < 0.5mm, the structural fabrication is more difficult; when D5 > 8mm, the coupling effect between the second antenna structure 30 and the first antenna structure 20 is weak, and the dual-frequency implementation effect is weak.

[0146] Please see Figure 16 For example, the width of the radiating slot 304 is set to D6, where 0.5mm ≤ D6 ≤ 1.5mm. Specifically, D6 includes, but is not limited to, 0.5mm, 1mm, or 1.5mm, etc. Thus, when D6 < 0.5mm, the structural fabrication is difficult; when D6 > 1.5mm, the antenna performance of the second antenna structure 30 is poor, and the optimal effect cannot be achieved.

[0147] Please see Figure 14For example, the thickness of the main body 41 is set to H1, where 4mm ≤ H1 ≤ 15mm. Specifically, H1 includes, but is not limited to, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, or 15mm. Thus, when H1 < 4mm, the impedance matching height of the feed section 51 is affected, and the performance is weakened; when H1 > 15mm, the overall size of the second antenna structure 30 is large, which is not conducive to miniaturization design. It is understandable that, depending on the capacity of the installation space, H1 can also be set to > 15mm. When 4mm ≤ H1 ≤ 15mm, the second antenna structure 30 can achieve a low profile design, which has a significant advantage in optimizing antenna layout space.

[0148] For example, the thickness of the extension 42 is set to H2, where H2 ≥ 0.5 mm. When H2 < 0.5 mm, the processing difficulty is high. If the material and processing accuracy are feasible, the thickness H2 can also be set to be less than 0.5 mm. Preferably, 0.5 mm ≤ H2 ≤ 1 mm. Specifically, H2 includes, but is not limited to, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, or 1 mm. Therefore, in this embodiment, 0.5 mm ≤ H2 ≤ 1 mm facilitates processing and manufacturing while improving antenna performance. Furthermore, by adjusting the thickness H2, the frequency ratio between the two frequency bands can be optimized.

[0149] In summary, by flexibly adjusting the relevant parameters D4, D5, D6, H1, and H2 of the four radiation slots 304, the coupling energy intensity and impedance characteristic parameters of the four radiation slots 304 can be controlled, thereby forming a right-hand circularly polarized radiation with an ideal GNSS frequency ratio and high performance.

[0150] Please see Figure 19 In one embodiment, the second antenna structure 30 includes a plurality of radiating slots 304, which are arranged sequentially at intervals along the width direction of the radiating slots 304. Optionally, for a single second antenna structure 30, there may be, for example, two or three radiating slots 304, and the lengths of each radiating slot 304 may be the same or different, without limitation. Thus, when the number of radiating slots 304 increases, the length of the second antenna structure 30 increases, which can effectively increase the current path, adjust the resonant characteristics of the antenna, and thereby meet the target frequency spacing requirements.

[0151] Please see Figure 17 In one embodiment, the radiation slot 304 includes a main segment 302 and an extension segment 303 disposed at an angle to the main segment 302. One end of the extension segment 303 is connected to the main segment 302. Optionally, the extension segment 303 extends in a direction away from the center of the metal frame 40. Thus, the extension segment 303 increases the length of the radiation slot 304, effectively increasing the current path and adjusting the antenna's resonant characteristics, thereby meeting the target frequency spacing requirements.

[0152] For example, the first antenna structure 20 is used to receive and / or transmit electromagnetic wave signals in the 1164MHz-1189MHz and / or 1197MHz-1249MHz frequency bands, and the second antenna structure 30 is used to receive and / or transmit electromagnetic wave signals in the 1558MHz-1606MHz frequency band.

[0153] In another embodiment, this application also provides a means of transportation, including but not limited to automobiles, buses, trains, subways, airplanes, or ships. The means of transportation includes the antenna assembly of any of the above embodiments. In this case, the antenna assembly can be the window glass of the means of transportation. Taking an automobile as an example, the antenna assembly can be, but is not limited to, a sunroof, a canopy, a windshield, a rear windshield, or a side window. The dielectric body in the antenna assembly is a glass body.

[0154] The aforementioned transportation device, based on the circular polarization excitation of the feed section 51, achieves two resonant modes respectively excited by the dual independent structures of the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30, realizing common-fed dual-frequency circular polarization radiation. This not only realizes a low-profile antenna structure but also mitigates the impact of surface wave effects on the dielectric body 10, reduces inter-frequency mutual coupling interference, and improves antenna gain and bandwidth. Furthermore, the metal frame 40 connects the dielectric body 10 and the feed board 50, serving to support the feed board 50 and suppress backlobe level energy. Capacitive coupling is also formed between the first antenna structure 20 and the second antenna structure 30 and the metal frame 40, thereby enabling antenna miniaturization design; that is, reducing the overall size avoids installation space constraints.

[0155] Please see Figure 3 and Figures 20 to 23 ,from Figure 20 As can be seen, the normal axial ratio of the antenna across the entire frequency band is less than 0.3dB, meeting the design requirement of a normal axial ratio of less than 3 for GNSS antennas. From... Figure 21 It can be seen that the right-hand circular polarization gain within the passband of the first and second frequency bands in the antenna assembly is 3.3dBi~6.2dBi, which meets the industry standard requirement of passive gain >3dBi for GNSS antennas, indicating that the antenna scheme has high-gain and high-bandwidth dual-frequency radiation characteristics. From Figure 22 It can be seen that at a center frequency of 1.191 GHz, the right-hand circular polarization gain is 5.4 dBi, indicating a high gain that meets the requirements. From... Figure 23 It can be seen that when the operating frequency is 1.575GHz, the right-hand circular polarization gain is 6.2dBi, which indicates that the gain is high and meets the requirements.

[0156] Please refer to the following: Figure 12 and Figures 24 to 27 ,from Figure 24As can be seen, the normal axial ratio of the antenna across the entire frequency band is less than 0.3dB, meeting the design requirement of a normal axial ratio of less than 3 for GNSS antennas. From... Figure 25 It can be seen that the right-hand circular polarization gain within the passband of the first and second frequency bands in the antenna assembly is 3.2dBi~5.3dBi, which meets the industry standard requirement of passive gain >3dBi for GNSS antennas, indicating that the antenna scheme has high-gain and high-bandwidth dual-frequency radiation characteristics. From Figure 26 It can be seen that when the operating center frequency is 1.176 GHz, the right-hand circular polarization gain is 4.2 dBi, indicating a high gain that meets the requirements. From Figure 27 It can be seen that when the operating frequency is 1.575GHz, the right-hand circular polarization gain is 5.3dBi, which indicates that the gain is high and meets the requirements.

[0157] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as “center,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” etc. appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0158] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, the term "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0159] It should be noted that if a component is described as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component. If a component is described as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0160] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0161] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna assembly, characterized in that, include: Medium body; A first antenna structure is disposed on the medium body; The second antenna structure has a gap between it and the medium body. There are multiple second antenna structures, and the projections of the multiple second antenna structures on the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body are arranged around the first antenna structure. Each second antenna structure is coupled and connected to the first antenna structure.

2. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first antenna structure includes a radiating substrate; The medium body is provided as at least two stacked glass plates, and the radiation substrate is provided on any side of any of the glass plates. Alternatively, the medium body may be a single-layer glass plate, and the radiation substrate may be disposed on any side of the single-layer glass plate.

3. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second antenna structure consists of four antennas.

4. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna assembly further includes a metal frame that surrounds the outer periphery of the first antenna structure and is connected to the dielectric body.

5. The antenna assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The antenna assembly further includes a feed board, which is connected to the dielectric body through the metal frame. The feed board has a feed section, which is directly fed or coupled to the first antenna structure. The feed board also has a grounding section, which is electrically connected to the metal frame.

6. The antenna assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second antenna structure includes a radiating grounding branch, and a space is provided between the feed board and the dielectric body, with the second antenna structure disposed within the space.

7. The antenna assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The radiating grounding branch includes a short-circuit section and a radiating section. The short-circuit section is electrically connected to the grounding section and is also electrically connected to the radiating section. The radiating section is coupled to the first antenna structure and / or the feed section.

8. The antenna assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, One end of the radiating part is connected to the short-circuit part, and the other end of the radiating part is an open-circuit end; The open end is suspended; or... The open-circuit end is provided with a flange, and the grounding part is provided with a hollow area corresponding to the position of the flange, the flange abutting against the hollow area; or... The open-circuit end is provided with an insulating support member, which abuts against the feeder board.

9. The antenna assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The antenna assembly satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The projection profile of the first antenna structure on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is set as the first projection profile, and the projection profile of the second antenna structure on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is set as the second projection profile. The distance between the opposite sides of the first projection profile and the second projection profile is set as D1. The wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point between the operating frequency band of the first antenna structure and the operating frequency band of the second antenna structure is set as λ3, 0≤D1≤1 / 20λ2. (2) The distance between the two surfaces of the second antenna structure and the dielectric body that are opposite each other along the thickness direction of the dielectric body is set as D2, 0.5mm≤D2≤5mm; (3) The width of the second antenna structure is set as W, and the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point of the working frequency band of the second antenna structure is set as λ2, 1 / 100λ2≤W≤1 / 20λ2.

10. The antenna assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The metal frame includes a main body and an extension. The main body is ring-shaped and arranged around the circumference of the first antenna structure. The main body is connected to the dielectric body and also connected to the feed board. The extension is connected to the main body and is arranged around the circumference of the main body. Radiation slots are provided on the extension to form the second antenna structure. There are several radiation slots, and the several radiation slots are arranged in an array along the circumference of the first antenna structure.

11. The antenna assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that, The antenna assembly satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The projection profile of the first antenna structure on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is defined as the first projection profile, and the projection profile of the extension on the surface of the medium body along the thickness direction of the medium body is defined as the third projection profile. The distance between the opposite sides of the first projection profile and the third projection profile is defined as D4, where D4≥0mm. (2) The distance between the center of the radial slit and the inner edge of the extension is set to D5, 0.5mm≤D5≤8mm; (3) The width of the radial slit is set to D6, 0.5mm≤D6≤1.5mm; (4) The gap length of the second antenna structure is 1 / 4 of λ2, and the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point of the operating frequency band of the second antenna structure is set as λ2.

12. The antenna assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that, The thickness of the main body is set to H1, where H1 ≥ 4 mm; and / or, The thickness of the extension is set to H2, where H2 ≥ 0.5 mm.

13. A means of transportation, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the antenna assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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