Microphone and electronic device

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a microphone and an electronic device, and relates to the technical field of sound pickup. The microphone comprises a structural member, a diaphragm and a first valve. The structural member is provided with a first sound hole and a second sound hole. The diaphragm is accommodated in the structural member, and the diaphragm is located between the first sound hole and the second sound hole in the thickness direction of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is used for picking up sound waves transmitted through at least one of the first sound hole and the second sound hole. The first valve is arranged on the structural member, and a first blocking area of the first valve can be adjusted to adjust the directivity of the microphone, thereby facilitating the use of the microphone. The first blocking area is the area of the cross section of the first valve in the propagation path of the sound waves to the diaphragm through the first sound hole for blocking the propagation of the sound waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of sound pickup technology, and in particular to a microphone and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Microphones are used to convert sound signals into electrical signals. A microphone's sensitivity to sound from all directions in space is called its directivity. In some scenarios, it's necessary to pick up sound from one or more directions and eliminate interference from other directions; therefore, we need to set up corresponding unidirectional or multidirectional microphones. In conventional techniques, the directivity of a microphone is related to the permeability of its internal damping material; once the damping material is determined, the microphone's directivity cannot be changed. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides a microphone and electronic device capable of adjusting directionality.

[0004] In a first aspect, one embodiment of this application provides a microphone, including a structural member, a diaphragm, and a first valve. The structural member has a first sound hole and a second sound hole. The diaphragm is housed within the structural member, and the diaphragm is located between the first sound hole and the second sound hole in its thickness direction. The diaphragm is used to pick up sound waves transmitted through at least one of the first sound hole and the second sound hole. The first valve is disposed on the structural member, and the first blocking area of ​​the first valve is adjustable to adjust the directivity of the microphone. The first blocking area is the area of ​​the cross-section of the first valve used to block the propagation of sound waves along the propagation path of the sound wave from the first sound hole to the diaphragm.

[0005] The size of the first obstruction area in the propagation path of the first valve is related to the sound wave energy transmitted from the sound source to the diaphragm through the first sound hole. The larger the first obstruction area, the lower the sound wave energy; the smaller the first obstruction area, the higher the sound wave energy. Changes in sound wave energy can alter the microphone's directivity.

[0006] The microphone provided in this application achieves different directional adjustments by changing the size of the first blocking area of ​​the first valve, thus facilitating the use of the microphone. Since the microphone's directional adjustment is achieved through the first valve without replacing the damping material, the manufacturing of the microphone is also simplified.

[0007] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first valve includes a first part and a second part that are rotatably connected, wherein rotation of the second part relative to the first part is used to adjust the first blocking area of ​​the first valve.

[0008] In this possible implementation, compared to linear motion, the relative rotation between the first and second parts does not require a large space, which is beneficial for the miniaturization of the microphone while achieving adjustable directionality.

[0009] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first part includes a plurality of first blocking portions arranged circumferentially along the first valve, and a through hole is provided between two adjacent first blocking portions; the second part includes a plurality of second blocking portions arranged circumferentially along the first valve, and the first blocking area of ​​the first valve is adjusted by adjusting the area of ​​the second blocking portion blocking the corresponding through hole.

[0010] In this possible implementation, since multiple first blocking parts are arranged along the circumference of the first valve, and multiple through holes are also arranged along the circumference of the first valve, it is beneficial to improve the uniformity of sound waves when passing through the first valve and improve the quality of sound picked up by the microphone.

[0011] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first valve includes a first part and a second part, wherein the linear motion of the second part relative to the first part is used to adjust the first blocking area of ​​the first valve. The shorter path of the linear motion reduces energy loss.

[0012] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first part includes a plurality of spaced-apart first blocking parts, with a through hole between two adjacent first blocking parts, and the second part includes a plurality of spaced-apart second blocking parts, wherein the first blocking area of ​​the first valve is adjusted by adjusting the area of ​​the second blocking parts that block the corresponding through holes.

[0013] In this possible implementation, since multiple first blocking parts are spaced apart and multiple through holes are also spaced apart along the arrangement direction of multiple first blocking parts, it is beneficial to improve the uniformity of sound waves when passing through the first valve and improve the quality of sound picked up by the microphone.

[0014] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first valve includes a first part and a drive unit, the drive unit being used to drive the first part to move. Using the drive unit to automatically drive the first part to move is beneficial to improving the accuracy of microphone directional adjustment.

[0015] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first acoustic hole includes a first opening and a second opening, the first opening being located at one end of the first acoustic hole away from the diaphragm, and a first valve being located outside the first acoustic hole, at least a portion of the first valve being used to move relative to the structural member to adjust the area of ​​the first valve blocking the first opening.

[0016] The larger the area of ​​the first valve blocking the first opening, the larger the first blocking area, resulting in greater damping of the sound wave propagating through the first acoustic hole to the diaphragm. Conversely, the smaller the area of ​​the first valve blocking the first opening, the smaller the first blocking area, resulting in less damping of the sound wave propagating through the first acoustic hole to the diaphragm.

[0017] In this possible implementation, since the first valve is located outside the structural component, it does not occupy the internal space of the structural component, thereby improving the flexibility of the arrangement of other microphone components inside the structural component.

[0018] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first acoustic hole includes a first opening and a second opening, the first opening being located at one end of the first acoustic hole away from the diaphragm, and a first valve being housed within a structural member, at least a portion of the first valve being movable relative to the structural member to adjust the area of ​​the first valve blocking the second opening.

[0019] The larger the area of ​​the first valve blocking the second opening, the larger the first blocking area, resulting in greater damping of the sound wave propagating through the first acoustic hole to the diaphragm. Conversely, the smaller the area of ​​the first valve blocking the second opening, the smaller the first blocking area, resulting in less damping of the sound wave propagating through the first acoustic hole to the diaphragm.

[0020] In this possible implementation, since the first valve is located inside the structure and does not occupy the external space of the structure, it is beneficial to reduce the space occupied by the microphone and to miniaturize the microphone.

[0021] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, at least a portion of the first valve is housed within the first acoustic orifice.

[0022] In this possible implementation, since the first valve is located inside the first sound hole and does not occupy the external space of the first sound hole, it is beneficial to increase the arrangement space and arrangement flexibility of other microphone components within the structure.

[0023] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first valve includes an open state and a closed state. When the first valve is in the open state, it opens the first acoustic hole, and the sound waves from the sound source propagate to the diaphragm through the first acoustic hole. When the first valve is in the closed state, it closes the first acoustic hole, and the microphone is omnidirectional.

[0024] According to the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the microphone further includes a second valve disposed on the structural member. The second valve is used to adjust the directivity of the microphone by adjusting the size of the second blocking area of ​​the second valve. The second blocking area is the area of ​​the cross section of the second valve used to block the propagation of the sound wave in the propagation path of the sound wave through the second acoustic hole to the diaphragm.

[0025] In this possible implementation, in addition to setting a first valve corresponding to the first sound hole, setting a second valve corresponding to the second sound hole is beneficial to increasing the microphone's directivity.

[0026] Secondly, one embodiment of this application provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a microphone as described in the first aspect, wherein the diaphragm is electrically connected to the processor. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 1B A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a microphone provided in one embodiment of this application, wherein a first valve is located outside the first sound hole and close to the first opening;

[0030] Figure 3 A plan view of the first valve in the open state according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 A plan view of the first valve in the closed state according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 A plan view of the first valve in another open state as provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the first and second blocking portions stacked together according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagrams of figure-eight, cardioid, and omnidirectional microphones provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 8 A plan view of a first valve in an open state, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 9 A plan view of a first valve in a closed state provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a microphone provided in one embodiment of this application, with the first valve in the open state;

[0038] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a microphone provided according to one embodiment of this application, with the first valve in another open state;

[0039] Figure 12A schematic diagram of a microphone provided according to an embodiment of this application, with the first valve in a closed state;

[0040] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a microphone provided in one embodiment of this application, with the first valve in the open state;

[0041] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a microphone provided according to one embodiment of this application, with the first valve in another open state;

[0042] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a microphone provided according to an embodiment of this application, with the first valve in a closed state;

[0043] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a microphone provided in one embodiment of this application, wherein a first valve is located outside a first sound hole and near a second opening;

[0044] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of a microphone with a first valve located inside a first sound hole, provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a microphone with a second valve provided in a second sound hole, according to one embodiment of this application.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0047] 100 Housing; 200 Microphone; 300 Processor; 400 Motherboard; 21 Structural Component; 211 First Sound Hole; 2111 First Opening; 2113 Second Opening; 213 Second Sound Hole; 23 Diaphragm; 24 First Valve; 241 First Part; 2411 First Blocking Part; 242 Second Part; 2421 Second Blocking Part; 243 Through Hole; 245 Drive Unit; 2451 First Drive Component; 2452 Second Drive Component; 25 Processing Circuit; 26 Second Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application. The implementation of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Please see Figure 1AThis application provides an electronic device, also known as a terminal device or user device, according to one embodiment. The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, headphones, microphones, tablet computers (portable Android devices, PADs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) terminal devices, etc. For example, Figure 1A The electronic device shown is a mobile phone. Figure 1B As shown, for example, the electronic device can also be a headset, and the headset can be a wireless headset.

[0050] like Figure 1A As shown, an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application includes a housing 100, a microphone 200, and a processor 300. Both the processor 300 and the microphone 200 can be disposed inside the housing 100, and the microphone 200 is electrically connected to the processor 300.

[0051] It should be noted that the microphone 200 is used to acquire the sound signal emitted by the sound source, convert the acquired sound signal into an electrical signal, and then transmit the electrical signal to the processor 300. The processor 300 can process the signal acquired from the microphone 200.

[0052] The electronic device may also include a motherboard 400, which is located inside the housing 100. The processor 300 and the microphone 200 may both be located on the motherboard 400, and the processor 300 and the microphone 200 may be electrically connected through the motherboard 400.

[0053] It is understood that processor 300 may include one or more processing cores, such as a quad-core processor, an octa-core processor, etc. Processor 300 may be implemented using at least one hardware form selected from Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Programmable Logic Array (PLA). Processor 300 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor, also known as a central processing unit (CPU), is used to process data in the wake-up state; the coprocessor is a low-power processor used to process data in the standby state. In some embodiments, processor 300 may integrate a graphics processing unit (GPU), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content required to be displayed on the screen. In some embodiments, processor 300 may also include an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, which is used to handle computational operations related to machine learning.

[0054] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a microphone 200 according to one embodiment of this application. The microphone 200 includes a structural member 21, a diaphragm 23, and a first valve 24. The structural member 21 has a first sound hole 211 and a second sound hole 213. The diaphragm 23 is housed within the structural member 21, and the diaphragm 23 is located between the first sound hole 211 and the second sound hole 213 in the thickness direction of the diaphragm 23. The diaphragm 23 is used to pick up sound waves transmitted through at least one of the first sound hole 211 and the second sound hole 213. The first valve 24 is disposed on the structural member 21. The first blocking area of ​​the first valve 24 is adjustable to adjust the directivity of the microphone 200. The first blocking area is the area of ​​the cross section of the first valve 24 used to block the propagation of sound waves in the path from the first sound hole 211 to the diaphragm 23.

[0055] The diaphragm 23 is located between the first sound hole 211 and the second sound hole 213 in the thickness direction of the diaphragm 23. After the sound source emits sound at an external location, a large time difference or phase difference can be generated during the propagation of the sound wave along the structural component 21, so that the diaphragm 23 can pick up two sound signals with large differences, thereby realizing the directivity of the microphone 200.

[0056] The size of the first blocking area of ​​the first valve 24 in the propagation path is related to the sound wave energy transmitted from the sound source to the diaphragm 23 through the first sound hole 211. The larger the first blocking area, the smaller the sound wave energy; the smaller the first blocking area, the larger the sound wave energy. The change in sound wave energy can change the directivity of the microphone 200.

[0057] The microphone 200 provided in this application can dynamically adjust its directivity by adjusting the size of the first valve 24 in the propagation path, thus facilitating its use. Since the directivity of the microphone 200 can be adjusted via the first valve 24 without replacing the damping material, the manufacturing of the microphone 200 is also simplified.

[0058] It should be noted that the diaphragm 23 can be a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone diaphragm, an electret condenser microphone (ECM) diaphragm, or any other microphone diaphragm that can receive sound waves and convert the received sound signals into electrical signals.

[0059] For example, the diaphragm 23 may include a substrate integrally etched from a single-crystal or polycrystalline silicon material, and a piezoelectric material (e.g., ceramic material) may be sprayed onto the etched substrate, or a layer of piezoelectric ceramic sheet may be deposited on the etched substrate. Sound waves can cause the diaphragm 23 to bend, and when the diaphragm 23 bends, the piezoelectric material or piezoelectric ceramic sheet will generate an electrical signal, thus converting the acoustic signal of the sound waves acquired by the diaphragm 23 into an electrical signal.

[0060] For example, the diaphragm 23 may include a first diaphragm and a second diaphragm, which form a capacitor. When a sound wave is transmitted to the first diaphragm, it can cause the first diaphragm to bend. The bending of the first diaphragm can cause a change in the capacitance between the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm. The changed capacitance can generate an electrical signal, thus converting the acoustic signal of the sound wave acquired by the diaphragm 23 into an electrical signal.

[0061] The microphone 200 may also include a processing circuit 25 electrically connected to the diaphragm 23. Typically, the raw electrical signal generated by the diaphragm 23 is relatively weak. The processing circuit 25 performs signal conditioning, amplification, analog-to-digital processing, noise suppression, and filtering on the raw electrical signal generated by the diaphragm 23. The processing circuit 25 transmits the processed signal to the processor 300. The processing circuit 25 may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In some embodiments, the processing circuit 25 may be omitted, and the electrical signal generated by the diaphragm 23 is transmitted to the processor 300 for processing.

[0062] It should be noted that the structure and shape of the structural component 21 in the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary, and the structural component 21 can be a regular or irregular shape.

[0063] It should be noted that, Figure 2 In this example, the first acoustic hole 211 and the second acoustic hole 213 are generally straight holes. In other embodiments, the first acoustic hole 211 and the second acoustic hole 213 may not be straight holes. For example, the first acoustic hole 211 may be a curved structure. This application does not limit the structure of the first acoustic hole 211 and the second acoustic hole 213. The first acoustic hole 211 and the second acoustic hole 213 may, but are not limited to, being arranged opposite each other.

[0064] In some embodiments of this application, the first sound hole 211 includes a first opening 2111 and a second opening 2113. The first opening 2111 is located at the end of the first sound hole 211 facing away from the diaphragm 23. The first valve 24 is located outside the first sound hole 211, and is positioned closer to the first opening 2111 than the second opening 2113. The first valve 24 is used to block the first opening 2111. The area of ​​the first opening 2111 blocked by the first valve 24 is the first blocking area. At least a portion of the first valve 24 is used to move relative to the structural member 21 to adjust the area of ​​the first valve 24 blocking the first opening 2111. Since the first valve 24 is located outside the structural member 21, the first valve 24 does not occupy the internal space of the structural member 21, improving the flexibility of the arrangement of other components of the microphone 200 inside the structural member 21. For example, the first valve 24 may not block the first opening 2111, or the first valve 24 may block 1 / 4, 1 / 3, 1 / 2, 1, etc. of the area of ​​the first opening 2111.

[0065] The first valve 24 can be located on the propagation path of the sound wave from the sound source through the first acoustic hole 211 to the diaphragm 23. The first valve 24 includes an open state and a closed state. For example... Figure 3 The first valve 24 shown is in the open state. When the first valve 24 is in the open state, the first sound hole 211 is opened by the first valve 24, and the sound waves transmitted from the sound source can reach the diaphragm 23 through the first sound hole 211. Figure 4 The first valve 24 shown is in the closed state. When the first valve 24 is in the closed state, the first sound hole 211 is closed by the first valve 24, and the sound waves transmitted from the sound source are blocked by the first valve 24.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, the cross-sectional area through which sound waves can flow through the first valve 24 is referred to as the opening / closing area. The first blocking area can be adjusted by adjusting the opening / closing area of ​​the first valve 24. The larger the opening / closing area of ​​the first valve 24, the smaller the first blocking area of ​​the first valve 24. The smaller the opening / closing area of ​​the first valve 24, the larger the first blocking area. The opening / closing area of ​​the first valve 24 can be adjusted between 0 and the maximum opening / closing area.

[0067] The first valve 24 may be, but is not limited to, an electrically operated valve connected to the processor 300. The processor 300 controls the first valve 24 to regulate the sound wave energy reaching the diaphragm 23 from the first sound hole 211. The first valve 24 may be, but is not limited to, an electromagnetic valve or a piezoelectric valve. Since the first valve 24 is an electrically operated valve, the processor 300 can automatically regulate the sound wave energy reaching the diaphragm 23 from the first sound hole 211, thereby improving the control accuracy of the microphone 200.

[0068] At least a portion of the first valve 24 is movable relative to the structural member 21 to adjust the opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first valve 24 includes a first part 241 and a second part 242, which are rotatably connected. The relative rotation of the second part 242 with the first part 241 changes the overlapping area of ​​the second part 242 and the first part 241 to adjust the opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24. Compared to linear motion, the relative rotation of the first part 241 and the second part 242 does not require a large space, and while achieving adjustable directionality, it facilitates the miniaturization of the microphone 200.

[0069] In some embodiments, the second part 242 is fixed relative to the structural member 21, and the first part 241 is movable relative to the second part 242. In some embodiments, the second part 242 may also be movable relative to the structural member 21. The first valve 24 may further include a drive unit 245 electrically connected to the processor 300, which drives the first part 241 to move. Driving the first part 241 via the drive unit 245 helps improve the accuracy of the microphone 200's directional adjustment. The drive unit 245 may be electrically connected to the processor 300, and the drive unit 245 may be, but is not limited to, a piezoelectric actuator, an electrostatic actuator, an electromagnetic actuator, a thermal actuator, a shape memory alloy actuator, a fluid-driven actuator, etc.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the second portion 242 may be rotatably connected to the first portion 241, and the first portion 241 may rotate relative to the second portion 242. Please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The first part 241 includes a plurality of first blocking portions 2411 spaced apart circumferentially along the first valve 24, with two adjacent first blocking portions 2411 forming a through hole 243. The second part 242 includes a plurality of second blocking portions 2421 spaced apart circumferentially along the first valve 24, which are used to block the corresponding through holes 243. Since the plurality of first blocking portions 2411 and the plurality of through holes 243 are both arranged circumferentially along the first valve 24, it is beneficial to improve the uniformity of sound waves passing through the first valve 24, thereby improving the sound pickup quality of the microphone 200. For example, both the first blocking portions 2411 and the second blocking portions 2421 are fan-shaped. The shape of the second blocking portion 2421 can be the same as the shape of the through hole 243, and the area of ​​the second blocking portion 2421 can be the same as the area of ​​the through hole 243. The opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24 can be adjusted by rotating the second part 242 relative to the first part 241, which helps to reduce the space occupied by the first valve 24 and facilitates the miniaturization of the microphone 200. For example, if the first valve 24 is an electromagnetic valve, one of the first part 241 and the second part 242 can be equipped with a permanent magnet, and the other of the first part 241 and the second part 242 can be equipped with a coil.

[0071] When the first valve 24 is in the open state, at least a portion of each through-hole 243 is not blocked by the corresponding second blocking portion 2421. Each second blocking portion 2421 overlaps with at least a portion of a corresponding first blocking portion 2411. The orthographic projection of each second blocking portion 2421 onto the first portion 241 intersects with at least a portion of the corresponding first blocking portion 2411. That is, the first blocking portion 2411 and the corresponding second blocking portion 2421 can form a flow opening with a cross-sectional area less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the through-hole 243. The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the multiple flow openings is the opening / closing area of ​​the first valve 24. For example, Figure 3 The opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24 shown is the maximum opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24. Figure 3 The through hole 243 shown in the diagram is not blocked by the second blocking part 2421 at all, while the second blocking part 2421 is blocked by the first blocking part 2411. (See diagram for reference.) Figure 4 As shown, when the first valve 24 is in the closed state, the orthographic projection of each second blocking part 2421 onto the first part 241 is located at the corresponding through hole 243, and the second blocking part 2421 can completely block the through hole 243. The first valve 24 can switch between an open state and a closed state. Figure 5 The opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24 shown in the diagram is smaller than the maximum opening and closing area. Part of the through hole 243 is blocked by the second blocking part 2421, and part of the second blocking part 2421 overlaps with part of the first blocking part 2411. Figure 6As illustrated, at least a portion of the first blocking portion 2411 is stacked with at least a portion of the second blocking portion 2421.

[0072] Because the area of ​​the first opening 2111 blocked by the first valve 24 varies in different states, the sound wave energy reaching the diaphragm 23 from the first sound hole 211 also varies. This allows the different states of the first valve 24 to correspond to different directivity of the microphone 200, adapting to the sound pickup needs of the microphone 200 or electronic devices in different application scenarios. The processor 300 can be used to control the switching of the first valve 24 between different states. Figure 7 As shown, exemplarily, the open state can include a first sub-state, a second sub-state, and a third sub-state. The opening area of ​​the first valve 24 in the first sub-state is different from the opening area of ​​the first valve 24 in the second sub-state, and the opening area of ​​the first valve 24 in the second sub-state is different from the opening area of ​​the first valve 24 in the third sub-state. The opening area of ​​the first valve 24 in the first sub-state is the maximum opening area. In a scenario where the electronic device is taking a picture of a target object, the first valve 24 is in the first sub-state, and the microphone 200 is figure-eight directional; for example, the microphone 200 can pick up the voice of the target object and the user. When the first valve 24 is in the closed state, the microphone 200 is omnidirectional, and the microphone 200 can pick up sound from all directions. In a scenario where the electronic device is making a call, the first valve 24 is in the second sub-state, the microphone 200 is cardioid directional, and the microphone 200 picks up the user's voice. When a user is singing using microphone 200, the first valve 24 can be in the third sub-state. Microphone 200 is supercardioid, which can greatly suppress sound from the speaker (usually located in front of or to the side of the singer), thereby significantly reducing the risk of feedback.

[0073] In some embodiments, the first part 241 does not include a plurality of first blocking parts 2411, and the second part 242 does not include a plurality of second blocking parts 2421. When the first valve 24 is in the closed state, the first part 241 and the second part 242 can be joined together to form a circle. When the first valve 24 is in the open state, the first part 241 and the second part 242 can together form a flow port. The rotation of the second part 242 relative to the first part 241 can adjust the area of ​​the flow port, which is the opening and closing area.

[0074] Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The illustrated first valve 24 is a fan-shaped structure; however, this application does not limit the structure of the first valve 24. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the first valve 24 may include a first portion 241 and a second portion 242, which may form a grid structure. At least one of the first portion 241 and the second portion 242 may be linearly movable relative to the structural member 21. The first portion 241 includes a plurality of spaced-apart first blocking portions 2411, with a through hole 243 formed between two adjacent first blocking portions 2411. The second portion 242 includes a plurality of spaced-apart second blocking portions 2421. The second blocking portions 2421 are used to block the corresponding through holes 243. Because the plurality of first blocking portions 2411 are spaced-apart, and the plurality of through holes 243 are also spaced-apart along the arrangement direction of the plurality of first blocking portions 2411, it is beneficial to improve the uniformity of sound waves when passing through the first valve 24, thereby improving the sound pickup quality of the microphone 200. For example, the first blocking portions 2411, the second blocking portions 2421, and the through holes 243 form a strip structure. Figure 8 As shown, when the first valve 24 is in the open state, at least a portion of each through-hole 243 is not blocked by the corresponding second blocking portion 2421. Each second blocking portion 2421 overlaps with at least a portion of a corresponding first blocking portion 2411, and the orthographic projection of each second blocking portion 2421 onto the first portion 241 intersects with at least a portion of the corresponding first blocking portion 2411. For example, Figure 9 The opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24 shown is the maximum opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24. Figure 8 The through-hole 243 shown in the diagram is not completely blocked by the second blocking part 2421, the first valve 24 is in the open state, and the second blocking part 2421 is blocked by the first blocking part 2411. Figure 9 As shown, when the first valve 24 is in the closed state, the orthographic projection of each second blocking part 2421 on the first part 241 is located at the corresponding through hole 243, and the second blocking part 2421 can completely block the through hole 243.

[0075] In some implementations, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, the first valve 24 includes a first portion 241 and a second portion 242, which can move closer to or further away from each other. When the first valve 24 is in the open state, the first portion 241 and the second portion 242 form a through hole 243. The first valve 24 may also include a drive unit 245, which is used to drive at least one of the first portion 241 and the second portion 242 to move closer to or further away from each other. When the first portion 241 and the second portion 242 move closer to each other, the width of the through hole 243 decreases, and the opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24 decreases. When the first portion 241 and the second portion 242 move further away from each other, the width of the through hole 243 increases, and the opening and closing area of ​​the first valve 24 increases. The first opening 2111 and the second opening 2113 are arranged opposite to each other along a first direction. The drive unit 245 may include a first drive member 2451 and a second drive member 2452. The first drive member 2451 is used to drive the first part 241 to move relative to the first structural member 21, and the second drive member 2452 is used to drive the second part 242 to move relative to the second structural member 21. The first drive member 2451 and the second drive member 2452 may be disposed on the first structural member 21. It should be noted that... Figure 10 This illustration shows the first valve 24 in a first sub-state, with a through hole 243 formed between the first part 241 and the second part 242. The overlap area between the orthographic projection of the first opening 2111 on the first projection plane and the orthographic projection of the first valve 24 on the first projection plane is 0. The first opening 2111 of the first sound hole 211 is not obstructed by the first part 241 and the second part 242. The first projection plane is perpendicular to the first direction. In other words, in the first sub-state, the first valve 24 may not be located on the propagation path of the sound wave from the sound source through the first sound hole 211 to the diaphragm 23, and the first obstruction area can be 0. Figure 11 The illustration shows the first valve 24 in its second sub-state, where the orthographic projection of the first opening 2111 on the first projection plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first valve 24 on the first projection plane, and a portion of the first opening 2111 of the first sound hole 211 is blocked by the first portion 241 and the second portion 242. In other words, in the first sub-state, a portion of the first valve 24 can be located on the propagation path of the sound wave from the sound source through the first sound hole 211 to the diaphragm 23. Figure 12 The illustration shows that the second valve 26 is in the closed state, the first part 241 is in contact with the second part 242, the first valve 24 is in the closed state, the first opening 2111 of the first sound hole 211 is blocked by the first part 241 and the second part 242, the first sound hole 211 is closed by the first valve 24, and the orthographic projection of the first opening 2111 on the first projection plane is entirely located on the orthographic projection of the first valve 24 on the first projection plane.

[0076] In some implementations... Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 The first valve 24 shown in the diagram Figure 10 The first valve 24 differs from the previous one in that it omits the second part 242. The first valve 24 includes a first part 241 and a drive unit 245, which drives the first part 241 to move relative to the structural member 21. The drive unit 245 can be located on the structural member 21. It should be noted that... Figure 13 This indicates that the first valve 24 is in the first sub-state. Figure 14 This indicates that the first valve 24 is in the second sub-state. Figure 15 This indicates that the first valve 24 is in the closed state. The area of ​​the first opening 2111 blocked by the first valve 24 is the first blocking area.

[0077] It should be noted that, Figure 2 , Figure 15 The first valve 24, as shown in the diagram, is located outside the first acoustic hole 211 and near the first opening 2111 of the first acoustic hole 211. This application does not limit the location of the first valve 24 on the structural member 21. For example,... Figure 16 As shown, the first valve 24 can be housed within the structural member 21 and located outside the first sound hole 211. Compared to the first opening 2111, the first valve 24 can be positioned closer to the second opening 2113. The first valve 24 is used to block the second opening 2113. The area of ​​the second opening 2113 blocked by the first valve 24 is the first blocking area. At least a portion of the first valve 24 is movable relative to the structural member 21 to adjust the area of ​​the first valve 24 blocking the second opening 2113. Since the first valve 24 is located within the structural member 21 and does not occupy the external space of the structural member 21, it is beneficial to reduce the space occupied by the microphone 200 and to miniaturize the microphone 200.

[0078] In some implementations, such as Figure 17 As shown, at least a portion of the first valve 24 may also be located within the first sound hole 211. Since the first valve 24 is located inside the first sound hole 211 and does not occupy the external space of the first sound hole 211, it is beneficial to increase the arrangement space and flexibility of other components of the microphone 200 within the structural member 21.

[0079] It should be noted that this application does not limit the number of first valves 24. There can be multiple first valves 24. For example, at least one first valve 24 can be provided at each of the first opening 2111, the second opening 2113, and a certain position between the first opening 2111 and the second opening 2113. The provision of multiple first valves 24 can increase the directivity of the microphone 200.

[0080] Figures 2 to 17 The illustration shows that a first valve 24 is installed corresponding to the first sound hole 211, such as... Figure 18 As shown, in some embodiments, this application may further include a second valve 26, which is disposed on the structural member 21. The second valve 26 is used to adjust the directivity of the microphone 200 by adjusting the size of the second blocking area of ​​the second valve 26. The second blocking area is the area of ​​the cross-section of the second valve 26 used to block the propagation of the sound wave through the second sound hole 213 to the diaphragm 23. Based on the first valve 24 corresponding to the first sound hole 211, the second valve 26 corresponding to the second sound hole 213 is advantageous for increasing the directivity of the microphone 200.

[0081] The second acoustic aperture 213 may include a first opening 2111 and a second opening 2113, with the first opening 2111 located at the end of the second acoustic aperture 213 facing away from the diaphragm 23. In some embodiments, the second valve 26 is located outside the second acoustic aperture 213, and is positioned closer to the first opening 2111 of the second acoustic aperture 213 than to the second opening 2113. The second valve 26 is used to block the first opening 2111 of the second acoustic aperture 213. At least a portion of the second valve 26 is movable relative to the structural member 21 to adjust the area of ​​the first opening 2111 of the second acoustic aperture 213 blocked by the second valve 26. For example, the second valve 26 may not block the first opening 2111 of the second acoustic aperture 213, or the first valve 26 may block 1 / 4, 1 / 3, 1 / 2, 1, etc., of the area of ​​the first opening 2111.

[0082] In some embodiments, the second valve 26 may also be housed within the structural member 21, and at least a portion of the second valve 26 is movable relative to the structural member 21 to adjust the area of ​​the second opening 2113 of the second acoustic hole 213 that the second valve 26 blocks. In some embodiments, the second valve 26 may also be housed within the second acoustic hole 213. The structure and arrangement of the second valve 26 can be referred to the first valve 24, and will not be described in detail here.

[0083] It should be understood that expressions such as “comprising” and “may include” used in this application indicate the existence of the disclosed functions, operations, or constituent elements, and do not limit one or more additional functions, operations, and constituent elements. In this application, terms such as “comprising” and / or “having” are to be interpreted as indicating a particular characteristic, number, operation, constituent element, component, or combination thereof, but not to exclude the existence or possibility of adding one or more other characteristics, numbers, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0084] Furthermore, in this application, the expression "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed words. For example, the expression "A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0085] In this application, expressions including ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" may modify the elements. However, such elements are not limited by the foregoing expressions. For example, the foregoing expressions do not limit the order and / or importance of the elements. The foregoing expressions are only used to distinguish one element from other elements. For example, "first user equipment" and "second user equipment" refer to different user equipment, although both "first user equipment" and "second user equipment" are user equipment. Similarly, without departing from the scope of this application, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0086] When a component is referred to as "connected" or "accessed" to other components, it should be understood that this component not only connects directly to or accesses other components, but also that another component may exist between this component and other components. On the other hand, when a component is referred to as "directly connected" or "directly accessed" to other components, it should be understood that no component exists between them.

[0087] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A microphone (200), characterized by, The microphone (200) includes a structural component (21), a diaphragm (23), and a first valve (24); The structural component (21) is provided with a first sound hole (211) and a second sound hole (213); The diaphragm (23) is housed within the structural member (21). The diaphragm (23) is located between the first acoustic hole (211) and the second acoustic hole (213) in the thickness direction of the diaphragm (23). The diaphragm (23) is used to pick up sound waves transmitted through at least one of the first acoustic hole (211) and the second acoustic hole (213). The first valve (24) is provided on the structural member (21). The first blocking area of ​​the first valve (24) is adjustable to adjust the directivity of the microphone (200). The first blocking area is the area of ​​the cross section of the first valve (24) used to block the propagation of the sound wave in the propagation path of the sound wave through the first sound hole (211) to the diaphragm (23).

2. The microphone (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The first valve (24) includes a first part (241) and a second part (242) that are rotatably connected. The rotation of the second part (242) relative to the first part (241) is used to adjust the first blocking area of ​​the first valve (24).

3. The microphone (200) according to claim 2, characterized in that The first part (241) includes a plurality of first blocking parts (2411) arranged circumferentially along the first valve (24), and two adjacent first blocking parts (2411) are provided with a through hole (243). The second part (242) includes a plurality of second blocking parts (2421) arranged circumferentially along the first valve (24). The first blocking area of ​​the first valve (24) is adjusted by adjusting the area of ​​the second blocking part (2421) blocking the corresponding through hole (243).

4. The microphone (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The first valve (24) includes a first part (241) and a second part (242), the linear movement of the second part (242) relative to the first part (241) is used to adjust the first blocking area of ​​the first valve (24).

5. The microphone (200) according to claim 4, characterized in that The first part (241) includes a plurality of spaced first blocking parts (2411), and a through hole (243) is provided between two adjacent first blocking parts (2411). The second part (242) includes a plurality of spaced second blocking parts (2421). The first blocking area of ​​the first valve (24) is adjusted by adjusting the area of ​​the second blocking part (2421) blocking the corresponding through hole (243).

6. The microphone (200) according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The first valve (24) includes a first part (241) and a drive unit (245), the drive unit (245) being used to drive the first part (241) to move.

7. The microphone (200) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The first acoustic hole (211) includes a first opening (2111) and a second opening (2113). The first opening (2111) is located at one end of the first acoustic hole (211) away from the diaphragm (23). The first valve (24) is located outside the first acoustic hole (211). At least a portion of the first valve (24) is used to move relative to the structural member (21) to adjust the area of ​​the first valve (24) blocking the first opening (2111).

8. The microphone (200) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The first acoustic hole (211) includes a first opening (2111) and a second opening (2113). The first opening (2111) is located at the end of the first acoustic hole (211) away from the diaphragm (23). The first valve (24) is housed within the structural member (21). At least a portion of the first valve (24) is used to move relative to the structural member (21) to adjust the area of ​​the first valve (24) blocking the second opening (2113).

9. The microphone (200) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, At least a portion of the first valve (24) is housed within the first acoustic orifice (211).

10. The microphone (200) according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The first valve (24) includes an open state and a closed state. When the first valve (24) is in the open state, the first valve (24) opens the first sound hole (211), and the sound wave of the sound source is transmitted to the diaphragm (23) through the first sound hole (211). When the first valve (24) is in the closed state, the first valve (24) closes the first sound hole (211), and the microphone (200) is omnidirectional.

11. The microphone (200) according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The microphone (200) further includes a second valve (26), which is disposed on the structural member (21). The second valve (26) is used to adjust the directivity of the microphone (200) by adjusting the size of the second blocking area of ​​the second valve (26). The second blocking area is the area of ​​the cross section of the second valve (26) used to block the propagation of the sound wave in the path from the second sound hole (213) to the diaphragm (23).

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor (300) and a microphone (200) according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the diaphragm (23) is electrically connected to the processor (300).

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