Straw treatment apparatus

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of straw processing equipment, including straw collecting device, comminution processing device and carbonization processing device connected in turn;The straw collecting device is used to collect straw in land, and after separating straw from soil, it is sent to the comminution processing device;The comminution processing device is used to comminute the collected straw to the straw fragment of preset size, and is sent into the carbonization processing device;The carbonization processing device includes heating module and air processing module;The heating module is used to heat the straw fragment and carbonize it into carbonized particle;The air processing module is wrapped outside the heating module, used to treat the waste gas generated by the heating module, and store the biogas obtained from the waste gas.By integrating the three functional modules of straw collection, comminution and carbonization and realizing sequential connection, the processing efficiency is significantly improved, the labor and transportation cost are reduced, and the on-site resource utilization of straw is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, and in particular to a straw processing device. Background Technology

[0002] Straw is the remaining stem and leaf parts of crops (such as rice, wheat, corn, and stalks) after the grain is harvested, and it is one of the main by-products of agricultural production. In recent years, with the modernization of agriculture and the continuous increase in yield, the amount of straw produced each year is enormous. How to efficiently and environmentally process and utilize this straw has become a technical issue of widespread concern in the agricultural sector and even the whole society.

[0003] Among various treatment methods, incineration is a rapid means of reducing waste. However, traditional open-air burning in fields has been strictly prohibited because it produces large amounts of smoke and harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and PM2.5 particles, which seriously pollute the atmosphere, damage soil structure, and pose a significant fire hazard.

[0004] To address the problems caused by open burning, some straw incinerators or biomass boilers have emerged on the market. While these devices can achieve centralized and controlled combustion, they typically suffer from one or more of the following technical drawbacks: Limited functionality and poor coordination: Existing agricultural machinery often has limited functionality. For example, the collection, transportation, cutting, crushing, and burning of straw usually require different equipment to complete the process in steps. This results in a multi-stage, inefficient process that requires significant investment of manpower, resources, and transportation costs, making it unsuitable for on-site processing in the fields.

[0005] Traditional straw incineration equipment releases most of the high-temperature flue gas directly into the atmosphere, resulting in a huge waste of thermal energy. This heat is not effectively recovered and reused, reducing the energy efficiency of the entire system.

[0006] Many simple incineration devices lack effective waste gas treatment systems. The smoke and harmful gases generated during the incineration process are emitted directly without treatment, which still causes secondary pollution to the environment and fails to fundamentally solve the environmental protection problem.

[0007] The incineration process itself requires a certain amount of initial energy for ignition and combustion, but existing equipment has failed to effectively utilize the energy it generates to maintain combustion, resulting in high energy consumption for continuous operation. Utility Model Content

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the defects of existing straw burning equipment, such as large burning pollution, low efficiency and single function, and to provide a heat preservation device.

[0009] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution: A straw processing device is provided, comprising a straw collection device, a crushing device, and a carbonization device connected in sequence. The straw collection device is used to collect straw from the land, separate the straw from the soil, and send it to the crushing and processing device. The crushing and processing device is used to crush the collected straw into straw fragments of a preset size and send them into the carbonization and processing device. The carbonization process device includes a heating module and an air processing module; The heating module is used to heat and carbonize straw fragments into carbonized particles; The air treatment module covers the heating module and is used to treat the exhaust gas generated by the heating module and store the biogas obtained from the exhaust gas.

[0010] Optionally, the straw collecting device includes a frame, a first separating component, a second separating component, and a baffle. The first separating component, the second separating component, and the baffle are respectively connected to the frame; The first separating component is used to grab the straw and throw the straw toward the baffle; The baffle is provided with several through holes for throwing out soil; The second separating component is used to collect the separated straw.

[0011] Optionally, the crushing and processing device includes a feeding component, an active cutting component, and a passive cutting component; One end of the feeding component is connected to the discharge port of the straw collection device, and the other end of the feeding component is provided with the active cutting component; The active cutting component works in conjunction with the passive cutting component to crush the fed straw.

[0012] Optionally, the carbonization process further includes a cooling module, which is located at the outlet of the heating module; The cooling module is used to cool the carbonized particles.

[0013] Optionally, the heating module includes a feeding auger, a heat-insulating shell, and an exhaust gas outlet; The feeding auger is installed inside the heat-insulating shell, and the feed end of the feeding auger is connected to the discharge end of the crushing and processing device. The feeding auger is used to evenly feed the crushed straw into the heat-insulating shell for heating. The exhaust gas outlet is located on the heat insulation shell and is used to discharge exhaust gas from burning straw.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes an automatic driving device, wherein the straw collection device, the crushing and processing device, and the carbonization and processing device are mounted on the automatic driving device.

[0015] Optionally, the autonomous driving device includes a power drive component and a navigation control component; The navigation control component is communicatively connected to the power drive component; The navigation control component is used to receive straw distribution map information; The power drive component is used to move the straw processing equipment according to the distribution map information.

[0016] Optionally, the navigation control component includes an obstacle avoidance sensor.

[0017] Optionally, the navigation control component further includes a satellite communication unit.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes an information display component, which is communicatively connected to the navigation control component and is used to indicate the working status of the power drive component.

[0019] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of this utility model.

[0020] The significant advancements of this invention lie in its integration of three functional modules—straw collection, crushing, and carbonization—into a single, sequentially connected unit, creating an automated, continuous straw processing line. This integrated design allows the equipment to complete the entire process from raw material collection to final product generation directly in the field, greatly simplifying the processing flow, avoiding secondary straw transportation, significantly improving processing efficiency, reducing labor and transportation costs, and realizing the on-site resource utilization of straw. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the components of the straw processing equipment in Embodiment 1 of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the straw processing equipment according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Straw collection device 100, first separation component 110, second separation component 120, baffle 130; Crushing and processing device 200, feeding component 210, active cutting component 220, passive cutting component 230; Carbonization treatment device 300, heating module 310, air treatment module 320, feeding auger 311, heat insulation shell 312; Navigation control component 400, power drive component 410; information display component 420. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a straw processing device, which structurally includes a straw collection device 100, a crushing and processing device 200, and a carbonization and processing device 300 connected in sequence. The straw collection device 100 is responsible for collecting crop straw from the field and initially separating the straw from impurities such as soil and stones during the collection process. The relatively pure straw is then conveyed to the crushing and processing device 200. After receiving the straw, the crushing and processing device 200 crushes it into straw fragments of a preset size through its internal cutting structure to facilitate subsequent carbonization processing. Finally, the straw fragments are sent to the carbonization and processing device 300. The carbonization and processing device 300 is the core of this device. Its internal heating module 310 pyrolyzes the straw fragments under high temperature, oxygen-deficient, or oxygen-poor conditions, ultimately carbonizing them into solid carbonized particles. Meanwhile, the waste gases such as pyrolysis gas and flue gas generated during the carbonization process are processed and recycled by the air treatment module 320, which is wrapped around the heating module 310. For example, combustible gases such as biogas with utilization value can be separated and stored from it.

[0026] This solution integrates three functional modules—straw collection, crushing, and carbonization—into a single, sequentially connected unit, creating an automated, continuous straw processing line. This integrated design allows the equipment to complete the entire process from raw material collection to final product generation directly in the field, greatly simplifying the processing flow, avoiding secondary transportation of straw, significantly improving processing efficiency, reducing labor and transportation costs, and realizing the on-site resource utilization of straw.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the straw collection device 100 includes a frame, a first separating component 110, a second separating component 120, and a baffle 130. The frame serves as the supporting structure for the entire collection device, to which the first separating component 110, the second separating component 120, and the baffle 130 are all connected. During operation, the first separating component 110 (e.g., a rotating drum with multiple elastic gripping teeth) is responsible for grabbing straw and a small amount of topsoil from the ground and throwing this mixture towards the baffle 130 behind it using the centrifugal force of rotation. The baffle 130 is designed with several through holes of a specific size, the diameter of which is sufficient to allow heavier, smaller soil particles and gravel to pass through and fall back to the ground, while larger, lighter straw is intercepted by the baffle 130. The intercepted straw then falls onto the second separating component 120 below (e.g., a conveyor belt), where it is collected and transported to the crushing and processing device 200.

[0028] In this design, the throwing action of the first separating component 110 and the screening action of the perforated baffle 130 are combined to cleverly utilize the physical differences in density and size between straw and soil, achieving a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption physical separation. This design not only effectively removes impurities from the straw, ensuring the purity of the material entering subsequent processing stages, but also effectively protects the blades of the crushing device from excessive wear from hard objects such as stones, extending the service life of the equipment.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the crushing and processing device 200 includes a feeding component 210, an active cutting component 220, and a passive cutting component 230. One end of the feeding component 210 (e.g., a screw conveyor or a crawler conveyor belt) is connected to the discharge port of the straw collecting device 100, responsible for smoothly and evenly feeding the collected straw into the cutting area. The other end is provided with the active cutting component 220 (e.g., multiple sets of moving blades mounted on a high-speed rotating spindle). At the corresponding position of the active cutting component 220, the passive cutting component 230 (e.g., a fixed toothed disc or a screen-type fixed blade) is provided. When the straw is fed in, the high-speed rotating active cutting component 220 and the fixed passive cutting component 230 form a shearing engagement, thereby rapidly crushing the straw.

[0030] In this design, the feeding component 210 ensures continuous and stable feeding, preventing clogging and serving as a prerequisite for efficient crushing. The shearing combination of the active cutting component 220 and the passive cutting component 230 offers advantages over single hammering or grinding methods, including lower energy consumption, higher crushing efficiency, and less dust. By adjusting the gap between the moving and fixed blades or replacing screens with different apertures, the final size of the straw fragments can be easily controlled to achieve the optimal particle size for carbonization, thus ensuring the uniformity and thoroughness of the subsequent carbonization reaction.

[0031] As one possible implementation, the carbonization processing apparatus 300 also includes a cooling module. This cooling module is located at the outlet of the heating module 310. When the high-temperature carbonized particles are discharged from the heating module 310, they immediately enter the cooling module. The cooling module can employ various cooling methods, such as air cooling, water-cooled jacketing, or indirect heat exchange, and its function is to rapidly reduce the temperature of the carbonized particles from several hundred degrees Celsius to a safe temperature (e.g., 40-50 degrees Celsius).

[0032] In this solution, adding a cooling module is a crucial safety and process step. Its working principle is to rapidly remove the sensible heat of the carbonized particles through heat exchange. The benefits of this are: first, it prevents the high-temperature carbonized particles from spontaneously combusting or reigniting upon contact with air, ensuring the safety of the production process and the final product; second, rapid cooling helps to fix the physical structure and chemical composition of the carbonized particles, ensuring product quality stability; and third, it facilitates subsequent collection, packaging, and storage operations.

[0033] As one possible implementation, the heating module 310 includes a feeding auger 3111, a heat-insulating shell 3112, and a waste gas outlet. The entire heating process takes place inside the heat-insulating shell 3112, which is made of heat-insulating material. The feed end of the feeding auger 3111 (i.e., the screw conveyor) is connected to the discharge end of the preceding crushing and processing device 200, and its main body is installed inside or partially inside the heat-insulating shell 3112. A waste gas outlet is also provided on the heat-insulating shell 3112 to discharge the waste gas generated during the carbonization process.

[0034] In this design, the working principle is as follows: the feeding auger 3111, while conveying the crushed straw fragments into the high-temperature insulated shell 3112, also functions as a mixer and pusher, ensuring uniform heating of the straw fragments and preventing localized overheating or underheating. The insulated shell 3112 effectively reduces heat loss to the outside, significantly improving energy efficiency and reducing the energy consumption required to maintain carbonization. The exhaust vent provides a source of exhaust gas for the subsequent air handling module 320, serving as a crucial interface for energy recovery and environmentally friendly emissions.

[0035] As one feasible approach, the aforementioned straw collection device 100, crushing and processing device 200, and carbonization and processing device 300 are integrated into a single automatic driving device. This automatic driving device, acting as a mobile platform, carries all components of the entire straw processing system, making it an autonomously movable integrated operating platform.

[0036] In this solution, the entire system is mounted on an autonomous driving device, achieving a leap from fixed processing stations to mobile processing units. Its core advantage lies in its exceptional mobility and flexibility; the equipment can autonomously travel to fields to perform on-site operations, completely eliminating the need for straw transportation. This model not only significantly reduces operating costs but also greatly expands the equipment's application scenarios, making it particularly suitable for large farms or areas with scattered plots, achieving truly distributed, on-site "waste-to-treasure" processing.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the autonomous driving device includes a power drive component 410 and a navigation control component 400. The power drive component 410, such as an electric motor, internal combustion engine, wheels, or tracks, provides power for the device's movement. The navigation control component 400, such as an industrial computer integrating a processor, GPS / BeiDou positioning module, and inertial navigation unit, acts as the "brain" of the device and communicates with the power drive component 410. The navigation control component 400 can pre-receive and load an electronic map of farmland containing straw distribution information.

[0038] In this solution, the working principle is as follows: the navigation control component 400, based on the received straw distribution map information and combined with high-precision positioning data, autonomously plans the optimal operating path and continuously sends speed, steering, and other commands to the power drive component 410. The power drive component 410 then precisely executes these commands, driving the equipment to move and operate autonomously and efficiently in the farmland. This method achieves unmanned operation, reduces the skill requirements for drivers, enables 24-hour continuous operation, and maximizes the equipment's working efficiency and coverage.

[0039] As one possible approach, the navigation control component 400 also integrates obstacle avoidance sensors. These sensors, such as lidar, millimeter-wave radar, ultrasonic sensors, or visual cameras, are installed around the device to detect obstacles in the device's path in real time.

[0040] In this solution, obstacle avoidance sensors provide crucial safety assurance for the autonomous operation of the equipment. They work by continuously scanning the surrounding environment; once potential obstacles such as rocks, ditches, pedestrians, or other agricultural machinery are detected, their location and distance information are immediately sent to the navigation control component 400. The navigation control component 400 then reacts by controlling the power drive component 410 to decelerate, brake, or detour, effectively avoiding collisions and ensuring the safety of the equipment and its surrounding environment.

[0041] As one possible implementation, the navigation control component 400 also includes a satellite communication unit. This unit enables the device to exchange data with a remote control center or cloud platform via a satellite network.

[0042] In this solution, the satellite communication unit addresses the problem of poor signal coverage of terrestrial mobile networks (such as 4G / 5G) in remote farmland areas. Its advantages lie in ensuring reliable connectivity with the outside world regardless of the device's location. This allows for real-time reception of differential GPS signals for higher-precision positioning. It also enables remote transmission of information such as device operating status, processed data, and fault alarms, facilitating remote monitoring, scheduling, and maintenance by managers and improving the manageability and operational reliability of the equipment in complex environments.

[0043] As one possible implementation, the device also includes an information display component 420, such as an LCD screen or a set of status indicator lights. This information display component 420 is communicatively connected to the navigation control component 400.

[0044] In this solution, the information display component 420 provides an intuitive human-machine interface. Its function is to display the complex data processed by the navigation control component 400 in a graphical or concise manner, such as the current operating status of the power drive component 410, the equipment's geographical location, task progress, battery level, or fuel level. This allows on-site personnel to easily monitor the equipment's operating status and quickly obtain the necessary information when maintenance or emergency intervention is required, improving the equipment's usability and maintainability.

[0045] The straw processing equipment provided in this embodiment integrates three functional modules—straw collection, crushing, and carbonization—into a single unit and connects them sequentially, constructing an automated and continuous straw processing line. This integrated design allows the equipment to complete the entire process from raw material collection to final product generation directly in the field, greatly simplifying the processing flow, avoiding secondary transportation of straw, significantly improving processing efficiency, reducing labor and transportation costs, and realizing the on-site resource utilization of straw.

[0046] While specific embodiments of this utility model have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of this utility model, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A straw processing device, characterized in that, It includes a straw collection device, a crushing and processing device, and a carbonization and processing device connected in sequence; The straw collection device is used to collect straw from the land, separate the straw from the soil, and send it to the crushing and processing device. The crushing and processing device is used to crush the collected straw into straw fragments of a preset size and send them into the carbonization and processing device. The carbonization process device includes a heating module and an air processing module; The heating module is used to heat and carbonize straw fragments into carbonized particles; The air treatment module covers the heating module and is used to treat the exhaust gas generated by the heating module and store the biogas obtained from the exhaust gas.

2. The straw processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw collection device includes a frame, a first separating component, a second separating component, and a baffle. The first separating component, the second separating component, and the baffle are respectively connected to the frame; The first separating component is used to grab the straw and throw the straw toward the baffle; The baffle is provided with several through holes for throwing out soil; The second separating component is used to collect the separated straw.

3. The straw processing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crushing and processing device includes a feeding component, an active cutting component, and a passive cutting component; One end of the feeding component is connected to the discharge port of the straw collection device, and the other end of the feeding component is provided with the active cutting component; The active cutting component works in conjunction with the passive cutting component to crush the fed straw.

4. The straw processing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carbonization process device also includes a cooling module, which is located at the outlet of the heating module; The cooling module is used to cool the carbonized particles.

5. The straw processing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating module includes a feeding auger, a heat-insulating shell, and an exhaust gas outlet. The feeding auger is installed inside the heat-insulating shell, and the feed end of the feeding auger is connected to the discharge end of the crushing and processing device. The feeding auger is used to evenly feed the crushed straw into the heat-insulating shell for heating. The exhaust gas outlet is located on the heat insulation shell and is used to discharge exhaust gas from burning straw.

6. The straw processing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes an autonomous driving device, on which the straw collection device, the crushing and processing device and the carbonization and processing device are mounted.

7. The straw processing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The autonomous driving device includes a power drive component and a navigation control component; The navigation control component is communicatively connected to the power drive component; The navigation control component is used to receive straw distribution map information; The power drive component is used to move the straw processing equipment according to the distribution map information.

8. The straw processing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The navigation control component includes obstacle avoidance sensors.

9. The straw processing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The navigation control component also includes a satellite communication unit.

10. The straw processing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes an information display component, which is communicatively connected to the navigation control component and is used to indicate the working status of the power drive component.

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