A full heat exchange type graphite falling film absorber

Abstract

The utility model relates to a chemical equipment technical field especially relates to a kind of full heat exchange type graphite falling film absorber, including upper cover plate, liquid inlet head, upper cylinder, absorption distributor, first heat exchange absorption block, second heat exchange absorption block, gas absorption block, baffle, lower cylinder, plug, hydrochloric acid discharge chamber, lower cover plate and loop flange are sequentially connected from top to bottom, cooling water inlet is located in lower cylinder bottom end, outlet is located in upper cylinder top end, and cooling water chamber is formed in liquid inlet head and hydrochloric acid discharge chamber, realize whole tower full heat exchange.Hydrogen chloride gas is shunted by gas absorption block side hole, and is fully contacted with multiple redistribution absorption water film, and efficient falling film absorption is completed.The utility model simultaneously solves the problem that traditional equipment absorption tower section is not cooled, which leads to efficiency decline and gas resistance in tower, has the advantages of sufficient heat exchange, high absorption efficiency, stable operation, easy expansion and maintenance, and is suitable for byproduct hydrochloric acid recovery and hydrogen chloride gas purification field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical equipment technology, specifically to a full heat exchange type graphite falling film absorber. Background Technology

[0002] In the chlor-alkali industry, falling film absorbers are commonly used to absorb hydrogen chloride gas to produce hydrochloric acid as a byproduct. Existing falling film absorbers typically consist of, from top to bottom, an absorption tower section (gas-liquid distributor), an absorber block, and a gas-liquid separator. According to Chinese patents with publication numbers CN206730803U, CN115228246B, and CN212166985U, these structures share the common feature that cooling water is only installed for heat exchange in the absorber block section, while the absorption tower section (gas-liquid distributor) and the gas-liquid separator do not have cooling systems.

[0003] In actual operation, it was found that: 1. When hydrogen chloride gas comes into initial contact with the absorption water in the absorption tower section (gas-liquid distributor), a large amount of heat is generated. The heat accumulates in the tower section, which leads to a significant decrease in absorption efficiency and increases the temperature of the graphite wall, increasing the risk of equipment damage. 2. The concentrated contact between gas and water inside the tower section can easily create gas resistance, further reducing the absorption efficiency.

[0004] Based on this, a fully heat exchange graphite falling film absorber is now provided, which can eliminate the drawbacks of existing devices. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, a fully heat-exchange graphite falling film absorber is provided, which solves the problems through a novel device.

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, this utility model provides a fully heat exchange graphite falling film absorber, comprising, from top to bottom, an upper cover plate, a liquid inlet end cap, an upper cylinder, an absorption distributor, a first heat exchange absorption block, a second heat exchange absorption block, an air inlet absorption block, a baffle plate, a lower cylinder, a plug, a hydrochloric acid discharge chamber, a lower cover plate, and a loose flange. The upper cover plate and the upper cylinder are an integral structure. The outer diameter of the upper cylinder is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the lower cylinder. The two are connected by a loose flange and the upper flange of the lower cylinder, and are sealed by an O-ring. The upper flange of the lower cylinder is pressed and fixed to the upper cover plate by a tie rod, and the tie rod is equipped with a spring. The lower flange of the lower cylinder is connected to the lower cover plate by bolts. The cooling water inlet is located at the bottom of the lower cylinder, and the cooling water outlet is located at the top of the upper cylinder. The entire equipment, including the liquid inlet head and the hydrochloric acid discharge chamber, is equipped with a cooling water chamber. The lower part of the lower cylinder is provided with a drain port, and the upper cover plate of the upper cylinder is provided with an exhaust port. After being diverted, hydrogen chloride gas flows into the side vents of the intake absorber block, contacts the water film formed by the absorbent water, and undergoes falling film absorption.

[0007] Preferably, the graphite assembly is composed of a liquid inlet cap, an absorption distributor, a first heat exchange absorption block, a second heat exchange absorption block, an air inlet absorption block, and a hydrochloric acid discharge chamber stacked from top to bottom. The graphite assembly is provided with a steel cylinder body on the outside, and a cavity is formed between the steel cylinder body and the graphite wall. This cavity is used to pass cooling water for heat exchange, and the cooling water can cover the entire equipment.

[0008] Preferably, the liquid inlet head consists of a pressure-bearing head, a hydrogen chloride tail gas pipe, a pressure stabilizing ring, a gas cavity, a liquid inlet chamber, and a liquid inlet pipe, wherein both the hydrogen chloride tail gas pipe and the liquid inlet pipe are sealed by fitting with a pressure flange through a loose flange.

[0009] Preferably, the absorber distributor has uniformly distributed downcomer holes, and the absorber distributor is equipped with a distribution cup. The distribution cup has uniformly distributed overflow ports at its upper end. The height of the distribution cup is lower than the upper opening of the absorber distributor to reserve buffer space for liquid flow. The downcomer holes of the absorber distributor and the heat exchange holes of the first heat exchange absorption block are arranged in the same way to ensure that the two correspond precisely in orientation and hole position.

[0010] Preferably, the absorption distributor, the first heat exchange absorption block, the second heat exchange absorption block, and the air intake absorption block are connected tightly from top to bottom to form a fully functional combined unit. The combined unit adopts a modular design, and the number of combined units can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the production of by-product hydrochloric acid. The longitudinal holes of the absorption distributor, the first heat exchange absorption block, and the second heat exchange absorption block adopt a completely consistent arrangement to ensure that the three are precisely aligned in orientation and hole position.

[0011] Preferably, the downcomer diameter of the air intake absorption block is larger than that of the downcomer diameter of the absorption distributor, and the air intake absorption block is equipped with a second distribution cup, with the bottom of the side air vent channel of the air intake absorption block being higher than the top of the second distribution cup.

[0012] Preferably, both the first heat exchange absorption block and the second heat exchange absorption block are equipped with baffles. The baffles are made by a steel plate rounding process and have a composite structure of steel plate and rubber plate.

[0013] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are: This invention addresses the shortcomings of traditional equipment, such as the lack of a cooling system in the absorption tower section and gas-liquid separation chamber. Through optimized design, it alleviates the problem of a large amount of absorption heat accumulating in the absorption tower section, which directly leads to a significant decrease in absorption efficiency, thus ensuring stable absorption performance. On the other hand, it addresses the issue of gas resistance caused by the concentrated contact between hydrogen chloride gas and absorption water in the tower section of conventional falling film absorbers. It innovatively adopts a technology of gas and liquid redistribution and film formation in multiple stages, fundamentally eliminating the adverse effects of gas resistance on the absorption process and significantly improving the smoothness and efficiency of equipment operation. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a Type I graphite falling film absorber with full heat exchange.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a detailed drawing of the Type I liquid inlet head (2) of a full heat exchange graphite falling film absorber.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a perforation diagram of the first heat exchange absorption block (5) and the second heat exchange absorption block (6) of a full heat exchange graphite falling film absorber.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a Type II graphite falling film absorber with full heat exchange.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a Type III graphite falling film absorber with full heat exchange.

[0019] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1 is the upper cover plate, 2 is the type I liquid inlet head, 202 is the type II liquid inlet head, 3 is the upper cylinder, 4 is the absorption distributor, 5 is the first heat exchange absorption block, 6 is the second heat exchange absorption block, 7 is the air inlet absorption block, 8 is the baffle plate, 9 is the lower cylinder, 10 is the plug, 11 is the hydrochloric acid discharge chamber, 201 is the type II hydrochloric acid discharge head, 12 is the lower cover plate, 13 is the loose flange, and 14 is the spring. 301 is the type III second air inlet absorption block, 302 is the type III second absorption distributor, 303 is the heat exchange block with interlaced holes, and 304 is the semi-circular baffle plate.

[0020] 2-1 is a pressure-bearing end cap; 2-2 is a hydrogen chloride tail gas pipe; 2-3 is a pressure-stabilizing ring; 2-4 is a gas cavity; 2-5 is a liquid inlet chamber; 2-6 is a liquid inlet pipe. 6-1 is a side cooling water channel; 6-2 is a longitudinal hydrochloric acid channel. 4-1 is distribution cup one; 7-1 is distribution cup two; 7-2 is a downcomer hole; 7-3 is a side vent channel.

[0021] A is the hydrogen chloride inlet, B is the hydrochloric acid outlet, C is the cooling water inlet, D is the cooling water outlet, E is the drain outlet, F is the vent outlet, G is the absorbent inlet, and H is the exhaust gas outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by this utility model, the following detailed description of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 This embodiment provides a fully heat-exchange type graphite falling film absorber, such as... Figures 1-5 As shown, from top to bottom, it includes an upper cover plate 1, a liquid inlet seal head 2, an upper cylinder 3, an absorption distributor 4, a first heat exchange absorption block 5, a second heat exchange absorption block 6, an air inlet absorption block 7, a baffle plate 8, a lower cylinder 9, a plug 10, a hydrochloric acid discharge chamber 11, a lower cover plate 12, and a loose flange 13. The upper cover plate 1 and the upper cylinder 3 are an integral structure. The outer diameter of the upper cylinder 3 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the lower cylinder 9. The two are connected by a loose flange 13 and the upper flange of the lower cylinder 9, and are sealed by an O-ring. The upper flange 9-1 of the lower cylinder 9 is pressed and fixed to the upper cover plate 1 by a tie rod, and a spring 14 is installed on the tie rod. The lower flange 9-2 of the lower cylinder 9 is bolted to the lower cover plate 12. The cooling water inlet C is located at the bottom of the lower cylinder 9, and the cooling water outlet D is located at the top of the upper cylinder 3. The entire equipment, including the liquid inlet head 2 and the hydrochloric acid discharge chamber 11, is equipped with a cooling water chamber. The lower cylinder 9 is provided with a drain port E at its lower part, and the upper cover plate 1 of the upper cylinder 3 is provided with an exhaust port F. After being diverted, hydrogen chloride gas flows into the side vent channel 7-3 of the inlet absorber block 7, contacts the water film formed by the absorbent water, and undergoes falling film absorption.

[0024] From top to bottom, the graphite assembly is composed of an inlet sealing head 2, an absorption distributor 4, a first heat exchange absorption block 5, a second heat exchange absorption block 6, an air inlet absorption block 7, and a hydrochloric acid discharge chamber 11 stacked together. The graphite assembly is provided with a steel cylinder body on the outside, and a cavity is formed between the steel cylinder body and the graphite wall. This cavity is used to pass cooling water for heat exchange, and the cooling water can cover the entire equipment.

[0025] The liquid inlet head 2 consists of a pressure-bearing head 2-1, a hydrogen chloride tail gas pipe 2-2, a pressure stabilizing ring 2-3, a gas cavity 2-4, a liquid inlet chamber 2-5, and a liquid inlet pipe 2-6. The hydrogen chloride tail gas pipe 2-2 and the liquid inlet pipe 2-6 are both sealed by fitting with a pressure flange through a loose flange.

[0026] The absorber distributor 4 has uniformly distributed downcomer holes and is equipped with a distribution cup 4-1. The distribution cup 4-1 has uniformly distributed overflow ports at its upper end. The height of the distribution cup 4-1 is lower than the upper opening of the absorber distributor 4 to reserve buffer space for liquid flow. The downcomer holes of the absorber distributor 4 and the heat exchange holes of the first heat exchange absorption block 5 are arranged in the same way to ensure that the two are precisely aligned in terms of orientation and hole position.

[0027] The absorption distributor 4, the first heat exchange absorption block 5, the second heat exchange absorption block 6 and the air intake absorption block 7 are connected in a tight manner from top to bottom to form a complete functional unit. The unit adopts a modular design, and the number of units can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the production of by-product hydrochloric acid. The longitudinal holes of the absorption distributor 4, the first heat exchange absorption block 5 and the second heat exchange absorption block 6 are arranged in a completely consistent manner to ensure that the three are precisely aligned in terms of orientation and hole position.

[0028] The downcomer diameter 7-2 of the air intake absorption block 7 is larger than the downcomer diameter of the absorption distributor 4, and the air intake absorption block 7 is equipped with a second distribution cup 7-1. The bottom of the side air vent channel 7-3 of the air intake absorption block 7 is higher than the top of the second distribution cup 7-1.

[0029] Both the first heat exchange absorption block 5 and the second heat exchange absorption block 6 are equipped with baffles 8. The baffles 8 are made by a steel plate rounding process and have a composite structure of steel plate and rubber plate.

[0030] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the absorbent water flows in from the absorbent water inlet G of the liquid inlet head 2, passes through the pressure stabilizing ring 2-3, and flows down the wall of the liquid inlet chamber 2-5. The absorbent water is evenly distributed in the absorbent distributor 4, and the liquid flows evenly from the overflow port of the distribution cup 4-1 into the heat exchange channel of the first heat exchange absorption block 5, forming a water film of uniform thickness. Hydrogen chloride gas flows in from the gas inlet A of the liquid inlet head 2, flows in from the side vent channel 7-3 of the gas inlet absorption block 7, and contacts the water film of the absorbent water for falling film absorption. The absorbed hydrochloric acid is evenly distributed and flows down in the absorbent distributor 4, and then... After being cooled by the first heat exchange absorption block 5 and the second heat exchange absorption block 6, the hydrogen chloride gas flows out from the hydrochloric acid outlet B of the hydrochloric acid discharge chamber 11. The hydrogen chloride gas that does not enter the falling film absorption flows upward along the upper cavity of the inlet absorption block 7, and continues to undergo mass transfer absorption with the water film after passing through the second heat exchange absorption block 6 and the first heat exchange absorption block 5. After passing upward through the absorption distributor 4, it flows out from the hydrogen chloride gas outlet H along the gas cavity 2-4 of the liquid inlet seal 2. Cooling water flows in from the cooling water inlet C of the lower cylinder 9, and flows in an S-bend inside the second heat exchange absorption block 6 and the first heat exchange absorption block 5. Figure 1 As indicated by the arrow, the water finally flows out from the cooling water outlet D of the upper cylinder 3, and the entire equipment is surrounded by cooling water.

[0031] Example 2 like Figure 4 As shown, the absorbent water flows in from the absorbent water inlet G of the liquid inlet head 202, passes through the pressure stabilizing ring 204, and flows down the wall of the liquid inlet chamber 205. The absorbent water is evenly distributed in the absorbent distributor 4, and the liquid flows evenly from the overflow port of the distribution cup 4-1 into the heat exchange channel of the first heat exchange absorption block 5, forming a water film of uniform thickness. Hydrogen chloride gas flows in from the gas inlet A of the hollow channel in the hydrochloric acid discharge head 201, flows in from the side vent channel 7-3 of the gas inlet absorption block 7, and contacts the water film of the absorbent water for falling film absorption. The absorbed hydrochloric acid is evenly distributed and flows down in the absorbent distributor 4, and then passes through the... After being cooled by the first heat exchange absorption block 5 and the second heat exchange absorption block 6, the gas flows out from the chamber of the hydrochloric acid discharge head 201 and is sent to the outside from the hydrochloric acid outlet B. The hydrogen chloride gas that does not enter the falling film absorption flows upward along the upper cavity of the inlet absorption block 7, continues to undergo mass transfer absorption with the water film after passing through the second heat exchange absorption block 6 and the first heat exchange absorption block 5, and flows upward through the absorption distributor 4, then flows out from the hydrogen chloride gas outlet H along the gas cavity 203 of the liquid inlet head 202. Cooling water flows in from the cooling water inlet C of the lower cylinder 9, and flows in an S-bend inside the second heat exchange absorption block 6 and the first heat exchange absorption block 5. Figure 2 As indicated by the arrow, the water finally flows out from the cooling water outlet D of the upper cylinder 3; the entire equipment is surrounded by cooling water.

[0032] Example 3 like Figure 5 As shown, Embodiment 3 differs from Embodiment 1 in that the position of the plug is raised. The lower end of the Type III structure second intake absorber block 301 is closed, acting as a plug for hydrogen chloride gas. Below it, the Type III structure second absorber distributor 302 is disc-shaped, without a central hole, and its hole arrangement is consistent with the longitudinal holes of the heat exchange block 303; 304 is a semi-circular baffle; the heat exchange block 303 has transverse holes that intersect with the longitudinal holes, and the flow direction of the cooling water is shown in the figure. Figure 3 .

[0033] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of this utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fully heat-exchange type graphite falling film absorber, characterized in that, From top to bottom, it includes an upper cover plate (1), a liquid inlet head (2), an upper cylinder (3), an absorption distributor (4), a first heat exchange absorption block (5), a second heat exchange absorption block (6), an air inlet absorption block (7), a baffle plate (8), a lower cylinder (9), a plug (10), a hydrochloric acid discharge chamber (11), a lower cover plate (12), and a loose flange (13). The upper cover plate (1) and the upper cylinder (3) are an integral structure. The outer diameter of the upper cylinder (3) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the lower cylinder (9). The two are connected by a loose flange (13) and the upper flange of the lower cylinder (9), and are sealed by an O-ring. The upper flange (9-1) of the lower cylinder (9) is pressed and fixed to the upper cover plate (1) by a tie rod, and a spring (14) is installed on the tie rod. The lower flange (9-2) of the lower cylinder (9) is bolted to the lower cover plate (12). The cooling water inlet (C) is located at the bottom of the lower cylinder (9), and the cooling water outlet (D) is located at the top of the upper cylinder (3). The entire equipment, including the liquid inlet head (2) and the hydrochloric acid discharge chamber (11), is equipped with a cooling water chamber. The lower cylinder (9) is provided with a drain port (E) at the bottom, and the upper cover plate (1) of the upper cylinder (3) is provided with an exhaust port (F). After being diverted, hydrogen chloride gas flows into the side air vent channel (7-3) of the inlet absorber block (7) and comes into contact with the water film formed by the absorbent water, and then undergoes falling film absorption.

2. The all-heat-exchange graphite falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, From top to bottom, the graphite assembly is composed of an inlet sealing head (2), an absorption distributor (4), a first heat exchange absorption block (5), a second heat exchange absorption block (6), an air inlet absorption block (7), and a hydrochloric acid discharge chamber (11). The graphite assembly is provided with a steel cylinder body on the outside. A cavity is formed between the steel cylinder body and the graphite wall. The cavity is used to pass cooling water for heat exchange, and the cooling water can cover the entire equipment.

3. The fully heat-exchange graphite falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid inlet head (2) consists of a pressure-bearing head (2-1), a hydrogen chloride tail gas pipe (2-2), a pressure stabilizing ring (2-3), a gas cavity (2-4), a liquid inlet chamber (2-5), and a liquid inlet pipe (2-6). The hydrogen chloride tail gas pipe (2-2) and the liquid inlet pipe (2-6) are sealed by fitting with a pressure flange through a loose flange.

4. The fully heat-exchange type graphite falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorber distributor (4) has uniformly distributed downcomer holes, and the absorber distributor (4) is equipped with a distribution cup (4-1). The distribution cup (4-1) has uniformly distributed overflow ports at its upper end. The height of the distribution cup (4-1) is lower than the upper opening of the absorber distributor (4) to reserve buffer space for liquid flow. The downcomer holes of the absorber distributor (4) and the heat exchange holes of the first heat exchange absorption block (5) are arranged in the same way to ensure that the two are precisely aligned in orientation and hole position.

5. A fully heat-exchange type graphite falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption distributor (4), the first heat exchange absorption block (5), the second heat exchange absorption block (6) and the air intake absorption block (7) are connected tightly from top to bottom to form a complete functional unit. The unit adopts a modular design and the number of units can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the production of by-product hydrochloric acid. The longitudinal holes of the absorption distributor (4), the first heat exchange absorption block (5) and the second heat exchange absorption block (6) are arranged in a completely consistent manner to ensure that the three are precisely aligned in orientation and hole position.

6. A fully heat-exchange type graphite falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downcomer diameter (7-2) of the air intake absorption block (7) is larger than the downcomer diameter of the absorption distributor (4), and the air intake absorption block (7) is equipped with a distribution cup two (7-1). The bottom of the side air hole channel (7-3) of the air intake absorption block (7) is higher than the upper opening of the distribution cup two (7-1).

7. A fully heat-exchange type graphite falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first heat exchange absorption block (5) and the second heat exchange absorption block (6) are equipped with baffles (8). The baffles (8) are made by steel plate rounding process and the baffles (8) are a composite structure of steel plate and rubber plate.

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