Battery breaking tool, mechanism and device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery broken cutter, mechanism and device, form sectional broken structure through first cutter body and second cutter body on first pivot, the gradual coarse crushing of battery is carried out to the helical cutting of first cutter body in the middle part, and the closed fine crushing area is formed to the sawtooth second cutter body at both ends, realize the fine crushing and separation of battery, through the cooperation of coarse crushing and fine crushing, ensure that battery can be fully and evenly crushed in each position, improve resource recovery rate, reduce the safety risk in the crushing process, and first cutter body forms bidirectional helical conveying structure through two section helical direction opposite spiral cutting edges, while cutting battery, the battery fragments of coarse crushing are respectively pushed to the both ends of first pivot evenly, make battery fragments after completing preliminary dissociation fast shunt to both sides fine crushing area, avoid the local jam problem caused by unidirectional conveying, shorten the battery fragment retention time, ensure that battery is accurately and efficiently crushed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery recycling technology and relates to a battery crushing device, specifically a battery crushing blade, mechanism and device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the global new energy vehicle industry and the widespread application of energy storage systems, the demand for secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries has experienced explosive growth. Statistics show that the global installed capacity of power batteries exceeded 500 GWh in 2022, and it is projected that by 2030, the scale of retired batteries will reach tens of millions of tons. In the battery recycling and processing industry chain, the crushing process, as a key pretreatment step, directly affects the effectiveness and economic benefits of subsequent material separation and purification.

[0003] Over-crushing of electrode materials during the crushing process significantly reduces their recycling value. Currently available roller crushers for battery crushing utilize linear extrusion, which is insufficient to effectively disentangle the multi-layered composite structure within the battery. This results in valuable materials such as copper and aluminum foil becoming entangled with the separator and active materials, leading to significantly insufficient metal recovery in subsequent sorting processes. Furthermore, the limited blade layout of existing crushing equipment cannot adapt to the crushing needs of batteries with different packaging forms, such as cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cells. It also easily creates crushing dead zones when handling irregularly shaped batteries, resulting in a high rate of large particle residue. These technical deficiencies not only hinder the improvement of resource recycling efficiency but also increase safety hazards and environmental risks throughout the entire recycling process.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry has attempted improved solutions such as cryogenic liquid nitrogen crushing and mechanical-airflow combined crushing. However, these methods often present new problems, including high energy consumption and complex equipment. Therefore, developing a battery crushing technology that combines high safety, high recovery rate, and high adaptability has become a key breakthrough in promoting the intelligent and refined development of the battery recycling industry. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in the background art, this utility model proposes a battery crushing tool, mechanism, and device. The tool has a segmented crushing structure, realizing the synergy of coarse and fine crushing of the battery, ensuring that the battery can be fully and uniformly crushed at all positions, and improving the resource recovery rate.

[0006] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A battery crushing tool includes: a first rotating shaft, a first cutter body, and a second cutter body. The first cutter body is spirally disposed on the shaft wall of the first rotating shaft along the axial direction. Both ends of the first rotating shaft are fixedly mounted with serrated second cutter bodies, and the first cutter body is connected between the two second cutter bodies.

[0007] Furthermore, the first blade body is composed of two spiral blades with opposite spiral directions connected to each other, with the two spiral blades extending spirally from the middle part of the first rotating shaft to both ends of the first rotating shaft respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the two second blades has a serrated third blade on its outer side. The two third blades are fixedly connected by a second shaft that passes through the first shaft. The second shaft is rotatably connected to the first shaft so that the two third blades rotate in the opposite direction to the two second blades.

[0009] Furthermore, an eccentric through hole is axially opened inside the first rotating shaft, and the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the eccentric through hole of the first rotating shaft. Through the radial offset between the eccentric through hole and the central axis of the first rotating shaft, the second cutter body and the third cutter body can achieve radial misalignment cutting.

[0010] Furthermore, the second blade body has a circumferential array of multiple first toothed blades, and the third blade body has a circumferential array of multiple second toothed blades, with the first toothed blades and the second toothed blades having opposite blade directions.

[0011] A battery crushing mechanism includes the aforementioned blade, and further includes: a first motor and a second motor. The first motor is connected to the middle of a first rotating shaft to drive the first rotating shaft to rotate in a first direction, and the second motor is connected to one end of a second rotating shaft to drive the second rotating shaft to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the cutting tools are provided in at least two sets, with any two adjacent sets of cutting tools arranged in parallel so that the corresponding second cutting bodies on the two adjacent sets of cutting tools are flush with each other, and the corresponding third cutting bodies on the two adjacent sets of cutting tools are flush with each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the installation directions of any two adjacent sets of tools are opposite, so that the corresponding second cutter bodies on the two adjacent sets of tools rotate in opposite directions, the corresponding third cutter bodies on the two adjacent sets of tools rotate in opposite directions, and the cutting edges of the first toothed cutting edge on the corresponding second cutter body are opposite, and the cutting edges of the second toothed cutting edge on the corresponding third cutter body are opposite.

[0014] A battery crushing device includes a multi-layer crushing mechanism, which is arranged inside a crushing chamber. The blades of the multi-layer crushing mechanism are distributed in multiple staggered layers inside the crushing chamber, and both ends of the blades are rotatably connected to the crushing chamber. A first motor and a second motor are both installed on the inner wall of the crushing chamber.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The battery crushing cutter, mechanism, and device provided in this application form a segmented crushing structure through the first and second cutter bodies on the first rotating shaft. The spiral cutting of the first cutter body in the middle performs progressive coarse crushing of the battery, while the serrated second cutter bodies at both ends form a closed fine crushing zone, realizing fine crushing and separation of the battery. Through the synergy of coarse and fine crushing, it is ensured that the battery is fully and uniformly crushed at all positions, improving the resource recovery rate and reducing the safety risks during the crushing process. Furthermore, the first cutter body forms a bidirectional spiral conveying structure through two spiral blades with opposite spiral directions. While cutting the battery, it evenly pushes the coarsely crushed battery fragments to both ends of the first rotating shaft, so that the battery fragments are quickly diverted to the fine crushing zones on both sides after the initial separation is completed. This avoids the local blockage problem caused by unidirectional conveying, shortens the residence time of battery fragments, and ensures that the battery is crushed accurately and efficiently. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second blade of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third blade of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the second and third blades of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the battery crushing mechanism.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of adjacent second / third cutter bodies in a battery crushing mechanism.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a battery crushing device. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0025] like Figure 1-2As shown, this utility model provides a battery crushing tool, including: a first rotating shaft 1, a first cutter body 2, and a second cutter body 3. The first cutter body 2 is spirally arranged on the shaft wall of the first rotating shaft 1 along its axial direction. A serrated second cutter body 3 is fixedly installed at both ends of the first rotating shaft 1, and the first cutter body 2 is connected between the two second cutter bodies 3. Thus, a segmented crushing structure is formed by the first cutter body 2 and the second cutter body 3 on the first rotating shaft 1. The spiral cutting of the first cutter body 2 in the middle performs progressive coarse crushing of the battery, while the serrated second cutter bodies 3 at both ends form a closed fine crushing zone, achieving fine crushing and separation of the battery. Through the synergy of coarse and fine crushing, it ensures that the battery is fully and uniformly crushed at all locations, improving resource recovery rate and reducing safety risks during the crushing process. The first cutter body 2 is composed of two spiral blades 21 with opposite spiral directions connected to each other. The two spiral blades 21 extend spirally from the middle part of the first rotating shaft 1 to both ends of the first rotating shaft 1, thereby forming a bidirectional spiral conveying structure. During the battery cutting process, the positive and negative spiral blades 21 simultaneously push the coarsely crushed battery fragments to both ends of the first rotating shaft 1 and send them into the corresponding area of ​​the second cutter body 3. This allows the battery fragments to be quickly diverted to the fine crushing areas on both sides after the initial separation is completed, avoiding the local blockage problem caused by unidirectional conveying, shortening the residence time of battery fragments, ensuring that the battery is crushed accurately and efficiently, reducing the risk of local overheating of the cutter, and balancing the axial force of the rotating shaft system.

[0026] The outer sides of the two second blades 3 are provided with serrated third blades 4. The two third blades 4 are fixedly connected by a second rotating shaft 5 that passes through the first rotating shaft 1. The second rotating shaft 5 is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft 1 so that the two third blades 4 rotate in opposite directions to the two second blades 3, thereby forming a composite cutting system. The shearing force generated by the reverse rotation enhances the separation effect on the internal layered structure of the battery and significantly reduces the risk of metal foil entanglement. An eccentric through-hole is axially formed within the first rotating shaft 1. A second rotating shaft 5 is rotatably connected within this eccentric through-hole. A fixed radial offset between the eccentric through-hole and the central axis of the first rotating shaft 1 creates a non-concentric arrangement between the second rotating shaft 5 and the first rotating shaft 1. This drives the third cutter body 4 and the second cutter body 3 to generate periodic radial displacement during rotation, achieving misaligned cutting in the radial direction. This displacement forms a changing cutting envelope, adapting to the crushing requirements of battery casings of different thicknesses. When crushing hard-shell batteries, the dynamically adjusted engagement depth prevents overload of the cutter body. When processing soft-pack batteries, the changing engagement gap reduces the adhesion of the separator material, achieving a self-cleaning function and preventing debris jamming. Figure 3 As shown, the second blade body has multiple first toothed cutting edges 31 arranged in a circular array around its three sides, such as... Figure 4As shown, the third blade body has multiple second toothed blades 41 arranged in a circular array around its four sides. The first toothed blades 31 and the second toothed blades 41 have opposite cutting directions, as shown in the diagram. Figure 5 As shown, by designing the first toothed blade 31 and the second toothed blade 41 with opposite blade directions, combined with the opposite rotational motion of the second blade body 3 and the third blade body 4, the first toothed blade 31 of the second blade body 3 and the second toothed blade 41 of the third blade body 4 generate an interlaced shearing motion, forming a dynamic cross-cutting trajectory, which can efficiently separate the copper-aluminum composite tab structure and improve the recycling purity of metal materials.

[0027] like Figure 6 As shown, this application also provides a battery crushing mechanism, including: a cutter, a first motor 6, and a second motor 7. The first motor 6 is connected to the middle of the first rotating shaft 1 of the cutter to drive the first rotating shaft 1 to rotate in a first direction. The first motor 6 is a hollow shaft motor. The second motor 7 is connected to one end of the second rotating shaft 5 of the cutter to drive the second rotating shaft 5 to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction. By independently driving the two motors, the first rotating shaft 1 and the second rotating shaft 5 form a dynamically balanced cutting system. When encountering high-toughness materials, the second motor 7 can increase the reverse torque in real time to counteract the tendency of the cutter to jam. When processing brittle materials, the reverse torque is reduced to achieve an energy-saving operation mode and improve the system's adaptability. Specifically, four sets of cutters are provided. Any two adjacent sets of cutters are arranged in parallel so that the corresponding second cutter bodies 3 on the two adjacent sets of cutters are flush with each other, and the corresponding third cutter bodies 4 on the two adjacent sets of cutters are flush with each other, thereby forming a continuous cutting plane. Through the synergistic effect of the second cutter bodies 3 and third cutter bodies 4 of the adjacent sets of cutters, the pass rate of battery crushing is improved. Any two adjacent sets of tools are installed in opposite directions, so that the corresponding second tool bodies 3 on the two adjacent sets of tools rotate in opposite directions, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the corresponding third cutter bodies 4 on two adjacent sets of cutters rotate in opposite directions, and the cutting edges of the first toothed blades 31 on the corresponding second cutter bodies 3 are opposite in direction, and the cutting edges of the second toothed blades 41 on the corresponding third cutter bodies 4 are opposite in direction, thus forming a three-dimensional shearing network. Through the opposite rotation directions and blade phases between the cutter groups, a multi-directional shear stress field is formed, which produces an interlayer peeling effect on the battery, significantly improving the battery crushing effect and increasing the resource recovery rate.

[0028] like Figure 8As shown, this application also provides a battery crushing device, including a multi-layer crushing mechanism disposed within a crushing chamber 8. The blades of the multi-layer crushing mechanism are arranged in a staggered, multi-layered manner within the crushing chamber 8. This arrangement creates complex shearing and compressing forces within the crushing chamber 8, ensuring that the battery is fully and uniformly crushed at all locations. Both ends of the blades are rotatably connected to the crushing chamber 8. A first motor 6 and a second motor 7 are both mounted on the inner wall of the crushing chamber 8. The spacing between the blades is precisely adjusted according to the battery size and crushing particle size requirements to achieve the optimal crushing effect.

[0029] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the structure of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the utility model or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery crushing tool, characterized in that, include: The first rotating shaft (1), the first cutter body (2), and the second cutter body (3) are spirally arranged on the shaft wall of the first rotating shaft (1) along the axial direction of the first rotating shaft (1). The two ends of the first rotating shaft (1) are fixedly installed with serrated second cutter bodies (3). The first cutter body (2) is connected between the two second cutter bodies (3).

2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first blade body (2) is composed of two spiral blades (21) with opposite spiral directions connected to each other. The two spiral blades (21) extend spirally from the middle part of the first rotating shaft (1) to both ends of the first rotating shaft (1).

3. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer sides of the two second blades (3) are provided with serrated third blades (4). The two third blades (4) are fixedly connected by a second shaft (5) that passes through the first shaft (1). The second shaft (5) is rotatably connected to the first shaft (1) so that the two third blades (4) rotate in opposite directions to the two second blades (3).

4. The cutting tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first rotating shaft (1) has an eccentric through hole that passes through the first rotating shaft (1) in the inner axial direction, and the second rotating shaft (5) is rotatably connected in the eccentric through hole of the first rotating shaft (1).

5. The cutting tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second blade (3) has multiple first toothed blades (31) arranged in a circular array around its periphery, and the third blade (4) has multiple second toothed blades (41) arranged in a circular array around its periphery. The blades of the first toothed blades (31) and the second toothed blades (41) have opposite blade directions.

6. A battery crushing mechanism, characterized in that, The tool includes any one of claims 1-5, and further includes: a first motor (6) and a second motor (7), wherein the first motor (6) is connected to the middle of the first rotating shaft (1) to drive the first rotating shaft (1) to rotate in a first direction, and the second motor (7) is connected to one end of the second rotating shaft (5) to drive the second rotating shaft (5) to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

7. The battery crushing mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cutting tools are provided in at least two sets, and any two adjacent sets of cutting tools are arranged in parallel so that the corresponding second cutting bodies (3) on the two adjacent sets of cutting tools are flush with each other, and the corresponding third cutting bodies (4) on the two adjacent sets of cutting tools are flush with each other.

8. The battery crushing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The installation directions of any two adjacent sets of tools are opposite, so that the corresponding second cutter bodies (3) on the two adjacent sets of tools rotate in opposite directions, the corresponding third cutter bodies (4) on the two adjacent sets of tools rotate in opposite directions, and the cutting edge directions of the first toothed cutting edge (31) on the corresponding second cutter body (3) are opposite, and the cutting edge directions of the second toothed cutting edge (41) on the corresponding third cutter body (4) are opposite.

9. A battery crushing device, characterized in that, The crushing mechanism includes the multi-layer crushing mechanism described in claim 8. The multi-layer crushing mechanism is set inside the crushing box (8). The cutting tools of the multi-layer crushing mechanism are distributed in multiple layers in the crushing box (8). Both ends of the cutting tools are rotatably connected to the crushing box (8). The first motor (6) and the second motor (7) are both installed on the inner wall of the crushing box (8).

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