Dry-type pneumatic magnetic separator
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522031220.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-22
AI Technical Summary
[0005]为解决现有的干式磁选设备在处理细粒级矿物时，在磁选过程中同样发生磁团聚，在磁团内，除磁性颗粒本身外，还包裹着品位低的非磁性和连生体物料，从而降低了精矿的品位，导致分选精度不高的问题，本实用新型提出一种干式气流磁选机，磁链在下落过程中处于反复“分散—团聚—分散”的状态，并在气流的冲刷作用下不断得到净化，进而提升了分选精度
本实用新型提供的干式气流磁选机，使矿物料能按进料、气流分选和出料的顺序在分选箱内有序流动，其中，入料挡板保证矿物料均匀进入气流通道；导流组件增强气流与矿物料的混合效果；磁系提供磁场实现磁选；进风口、布风板和出风口接头构建稳定气流流向；最后分隔板将出料通道分隔，实现非磁性物质和磁性物质的分离和分别排出。其中，多层导流挡板自上至下呈阶梯状分布在分选箱的气流通道内，磁链在磁力与重力的协同作用下，能够抵抗气流的扰动，沿着导流挡板的斜面逐级下落，当磁链下落至导流挡板之间的空隙时，气流对矿物料施加剪切吹洗作用，破坏磁链内部颗粒之间的结合力，使得磁链存在被分散的概率，当磁链处于分散状态时，磁链分散成单个的磁性颗粒或较小的磁团聚体，包裹在磁团内的非磁性和连生体物料就会暴露出来；分散后的物料再向下进入导流挡板区域，会再次发生磁团聚并形成磁链。如此一来，磁链在下落过程中处于反复“分散—团聚—分散”的状态，并在气流的冲刷作用下不断得到净化，进而提升了分选精度。
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Figure CN224656977U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mineral processing engineering technology, specifically to a dry airflow magnetic separator. Background Technology
[0002] As a key material foundation of the national economy, improving the efficiency of mineral resource development and utilization is of great significance for ensuring resource security and promoting sustainable development. In the ore processing process, raw ore typically requires beneficiation methods to enrich useful minerals or remove gangue, thereby meeting the various requirements of industrial raw materials. Magnetic separation, as a beneficiation method, has become one of the most economical and efficient beneficiation methods due to its ability to achieve low-cost separation by utilizing the differences in the magnetic properties of minerals. It has been widely used in many fields, including ferrous metals (such as iron and chromium), non-ferrous metals (such as tungsten and tantalum), non-metallic minerals (such as kaolin), and metallurgical waste (such as red mud and tailings).
[0003] Magnetic separators can be divided into wet magnetic separators and dry magnetic separators based on the medium used. Wet mineral processing relies heavily on water resources. However, mining areas in northern and western my country generally face water scarcity, with approximately 40% of iron ore bases experiencing severe water shortages. Simultaneously, wet tailings ponds pose significant safety hazards, such as dam failure risks and heavy metal pollution. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the applicability of wet processes has been further limited. Against this backdrop, dry magnetic separation technology, with its advantages of waterless operation, low energy consumption, and environmental friendliness, has become a core alternative to wet processes.
[0004] In the field of mineral resource beneficiation, although dry magnetic separation technology has become a core alternative, current dry magnetic separation equipment rarely utilizes magnetic agglomeration effects. Most focuses on increasing the magnetic field strength and gradient in the separation zone to directly attract magnetic particles. Existing dry magnetic separation equipment also experiences magnetic agglomeration during the processing of fine-grained minerals. This is because magnetic particles strongly aggregate under the influence of an external magnetic field to form magnetic clusters. Within these clusters, in addition to the magnetic particles themselves, low-grade non-magnetic and intergrowth materials are also trapped, thus reducing the grade of the concentrate and resulting in low separation accuracy, failing to meet increasingly stringent beneficiation requirements. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the problem that existing dry magnetic separators also experience magnetic agglomeration during the processing of fine-grained minerals, where magnetic agglomerations contain not only the magnetic particles themselves but also low-grade non-magnetic and intergrowth materials, thus reducing the concentrate grade and resulting in low separation accuracy, this invention proposes a dry airflow magnetic separator. During its descent, the magnetic chain undergoes repeated "dispersion-agglomeration-dispersion" cycles, continuously being purified by the airflow, thereby improving separation accuracy.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: A dry airflow magnetic separator includes a hollow sorting box with openings at both the top and bottom. The sorting box contains a feed channel, an airflow channel, and a discharge channel, arranged sequentially along the mineral material conveying direction. A feed baffle is installed in the feed channel, and a flow guiding assembly is installed in the airflow channel. The flow guiding assembly includes multiple layers of flow guiding baffles, which are distributed in a stepped manner from top to bottom within the feed channel. Magnetic systems are installed on the front and rear sides of the sorting box. An air inlet is located on the left side of the sorting box, and an air distribution plate is installed at the air inlet. An air outlet connector is located at the top of the sorting box. A partition plate is installed in the discharge channel, dividing the discharge channel into a concentrate discharge outlet on the left and a tailings discharge outlet on the right. The dry airflow magnetic separator provided by this utility model enables mineral materials to flow orderly in the sorting box in the order of feeding, airflow separation and discharge. The feeding baffle ensures that the mineral materials enter the airflow channel evenly; the flow guiding component enhances the mixing effect of airflow and mineral materials; the magnetic system provides a magnetic field to realize magnetic separation; the air inlet, air distribution plate and air outlet joint form a stable airflow direction; finally, the partition plate divides the discharge channel to realize the separation and separate discharge of non-magnetic and magnetic materials.
[0007] Furthermore, the sorting box includes a vertical section one, an inclined section, and a vertical section two. The two ends of the inclined section are connected to vertical section one and vertical section two, respectively. The feed channel is located within vertical section one of the sorting box, the airflow channel is located within the inclined section of the sorting box, and the discharge channel is located within vertical section two of the sorting box. Vertical section one is used for the initial entry of mineral materials, the inclined section facilitates the smooth transport and sorting of mineral materials under the action of airflow, and vertical section two facilitates the discharge of sorted mineral materials.
[0008] Furthermore, the top of the partition plate is connected to the bottom of the lowest flow guide baffle.
[0009] Furthermore, the feed baffle and the flow guide baffle are arranged at an angle of 30° to 60° with the vertical direction.
[0010] Furthermore, the air distribution plate comprises two layers of steel plates covered with ventilation holes and a filter cloth located between the two layers of steel plates.
[0011] Furthermore, a horizontally arranged air inlet duct is fixedly connected to the left outer wall of the sorting box. The air inlet duct is connected to the sorting box through an air inlet, and pressurized gas is introduced into the air inlet duct. The airflow introduced by the air inlet duct is rectified by the aforementioned air distribution plate to form a uniform horizontal airflow field.
[0012] Furthermore, the magnetic system includes a magnetic system one symmetrically arranged on the front side of the sorting box and a magnetic system two symmetrically arranged on the rear side of the sorting box.
[0013] Furthermore, a cover plate is provided on the right side of the feed baffle in the feed channel of the sorting box. The cover plate partially covers the feed channel of the sorting box. The cover plate includes a horizontal part and a vertical part perpendicular to the horizontal part. The air outlet connector is disposed through the horizontal part of the cover plate. The cover plate guides residual airflow to be discharged from the air outlet connector at the top of the sorting box through the vertical connection between the horizontal and vertical parts.
[0014] Furthermore, the bottom end of the vertical portion of the cover plate is connected to the top end of the feed baffle.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model through the above technical solution are as follows: The dry airflow magnetic separator provided by this utility model enables mineral materials to flow orderly in the sorting box in the order of feeding, airflow separation and discharge. The feeding baffle ensures that the mineral materials enter the airflow channel evenly; the flow guiding component enhances the mixing effect of airflow and mineral materials; the magnetic system provides a magnetic field to realize magnetic separation; the air inlet, air distribution plate and air outlet joint form a stable airflow direction; finally, the partition plate divides the discharge channel to realize the separation and separate discharge of non-magnetic and magnetic materials. The system comprises multiple layers of guide baffles arranged in a stepped pattern within the airflow channel of the sorting box. Under the combined action of magnetic force and gravity, the magnetic chains resist airflow disturbances and descend step-by-step along the inclined surfaces of the guide baffles. When the magnetic chains fall into the gaps between the guide baffles, the airflow applies a shearing and scouring action to the mineral material, disrupting the binding force between particles within the magnetic chains. This increases the probability of the magnetic chains being dispersed. When the magnetic chains are dispersed, they break down into individual magnetic particles or smaller magnetic agglomerates, exposing the non-magnetic and intergrowth materials encased within the agglomerates. The dispersed material then re-enters the guide baffle area, where it undergoes magnetic agglomeration again and forms new magnetic chains. In this way, the magnetic chains repeatedly undergo a "dispersion-agglomeration-dispersion" process during their descent, continuously being purified by the scouring action of the airflow, thereby improving sorting accuracy. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dry airflow magnetic separator according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sorting box in a dry airflow magnetic separator according to the present invention; Figure 3 This utility model relates to a dry airflow magnetic separator. Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This utility model relates to a dry airflow magnetic separator. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of direction B in the diagram.
[0017] The labels in the attached drawings are: 1. Sorting box; 2. Feed baffle; 3. Magnetic system; 301. Magnetic system one; 302. Magnetic system two; 4. Air inlet; 5. Air distribution plate; 501. Steel plate; 502. Filter cloth; 6. Separator plate; 7. Air outlet connector; 8. Guide baffle; 9. Air inlet duct; 10. Cover plate. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a dry airflow magnetic separator, including a hollow sorting box 1 with openings at both ends. The sorting box 1 includes a feed channel, an airflow channel, and a discharge channel in sequence along the mineral material conveying direction. A feed baffle 2 is provided in the feed channel of the sorting box 1, and a flow guiding component is provided in the airflow channel of the sorting box 1. The flow guiding component includes multiple layers of flow guiding baffles 8, which are distributed in a stepped manner from top to bottom in the feed channel of the sorting box 1. Magnetic systems 3 are provided on the front and rear sides of the sorting box 1. An air inlet 4 is provided on the left side of the sorting box 1, and an air distribution plate 5 is provided at the air inlet 4. An air outlet connector 7 is provided on the top of the sorting box 1. A partition plate 6 is provided in the discharge channel of the sorting box 1, which divides the discharge channel into a concentrate discharge port on the left and a tailings discharge port on the right.
[0019] The dry airflow magnetic separator provided by this utility model enables mineral materials to flow orderly in the sorting box 1 in the order of feeding, airflow separation and discharge. The feeding baffle 2 ensures that the mineral materials enter the airflow channel evenly; the flow guiding component enhances the mixing effect of airflow and mineral materials; the magnetic system 3 provides a magnetic field to realize magnetic separation; the air inlet 4, the air distribution plate 5 and the air outlet connector 7 form a stable airflow direction; finally, the partition plate 6 divides the discharge channel to realize the separation and separate discharge of non-magnetic and magnetic materials, thereby improving the sorting accuracy.
[0020] In this embodiment, the sorting box 1 includes a vertical section one, an inclined section, and a vertical section two. The two ends of the inclined section are connected to vertical section one and vertical section two, respectively. The feed channel is located within vertical section one of the sorting box 1, the airflow channel is located within the inclined section of the sorting box 1, and the discharge channel is located within vertical section two of the sorting box 1. Vertical section one is used for the initial entry of mineral materials, the inclined section facilitates the smooth transport and sorting of mineral materials under the action of airflow, and vertical section two facilitates the discharge of sorted mineral materials. This segmented and inclined connection design conforms to the flow patterns of mineral materials and airflow.
[0021] The top of the partition plate 6 is connected to the bottom of the bottommost guide baffle 8; and the bottom of the vertical part of the cover plate 10 is connected to the top of the feed baffle 2. This structure creates a continuous mineral material sliding surface.
[0022] In this embodiment, the feed baffle 2 and the flow guide baffle 8 are arranged at an angle of 30° to 60° to the vertical direction. Preferably, the feed baffle 2 and the flow guide baffle 8 are arranged at an angle of 45° to the vertical direction. The flow guide baffle 8 provides a specific falling channel for the magnetic chain. Due to the combined effect of magnetic force and gravity, the magnetic chain resists airflow disturbance and falls step by step along the inclined surface of the flow guide baffle 8. The multi-layer flow guide baffle 8 can guide the magnetic chain to fall along a predetermined trajectory in the sorting box 1, enabling more accurate separation of magnetic and non-magnetic materials, thereby improving the sorting accuracy.
[0023] Please refer to it again. Figure 3 The air distribution plate 5 comprises two layers of steel plates 501 covered with ventilation holes and a filter cloth 502 located between the two layers of steel plates 501. Further, a horizontally arranged air inlet duct 9 is fixedly connected to the left outer wall of the sorting box 1. The air inlet duct 9 is connected to the sorting box 1 through an air inlet 4, and pressurized gas is introduced into the air inlet duct 9. The airflow introduced by the air inlet duct 9 is rectified by the air distribution plate 5 to form a uniform horizontal airflow field.
[0024] Please refer to this again. Figure 4 The magnetic system 3 includes a magnetic system 301 symmetrically arranged on the front side of the sorting box 1 and a magnetic system 302 symmetrically arranged on the rear side of the sorting box 1. The working surface polarity of the magnetic system 301 is N-type, and the working surface polarity of the magnetic system 302 is S-type. The sorting box 1 is made of magnetically conductive stainless steel. This arrangement of N-type and S-type polarities can form a well-defined and stable penetrating magnetic field on both the front and rear sides of the sorting box 1, which can fully attract magnetic materials in the mineral material and better separate magnetic and non-magnetic materials under the action of the magnetic field.
[0025] It is worth mentioning that magnetic system 1 301 and magnetic system 2 302 are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the sorting box 1 as the axis of symmetry, and the distance between them is adjustable. Adjusting the distance between magnetic system 1 301 and magnetic system 2 302 can effectively and quickly adjust the magnetic field strength, thereby adapting to the sorting of different magnetic minerals.
[0026] In this embodiment, a cover plate 10 is provided on the right side of the feed baffle 2 in the feed channel of the sorting box 1. The cover plate 10 partially covers the feed channel of the sorting box 1. The cover plate 10 includes a horizontal part and a vertical part perpendicular to the horizontal part. The air outlet connector 7 is disposed through the horizontal part of the cover plate 10. The cover plate 10 guides residual airflow to be discharged from the air outlet connector 7 at the top of the sorting box 1 through the vertical connection between the horizontal part and the vertical part.
[0027] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: The mineral material is first uniformly introduced into the feed baffle 2 in the feed channel of the sorting box 1. The feed baffle 2 is at a 45° angle to the vertical direction, so that the mineral material is initially dispersed when it slides down its inclined surface. At the same time, the pressurized gas delivered by the air inlet pipe 9 is rectified by the air distribution plate 5 with a double-layer steel plate 501 sandwiched with filter cloth 502, thereby forming a uniform horizontal airflow field in the airflow channel of the inclined section of the sorting box 1.
[0028] Within the airflow channel of the sorting box 1, multiple layers of guide baffles 8 are distributed in a stepped manner from top to bottom. The mineral material slides down the inclined surface of the feed baffle 2 and comes into contact with the guide baffles 8. Under the action of the magnetic field, the magnetic monomers in the mineral material form magnetic chains. Under the combined action of magnetic force and gravity, the magnetic chains can resist the disturbance of the airflow and fall down the inclined surface of the guide baffles 8 step by step. When the magnetic chains fall into the gaps between the guide baffles 8, the airflow applies a shearing and washing action to the mineral material, destroying the binding force between the particles inside the magnetic chains, making it possible for the magnetic chains to be dispersed. When the magnetic chains are in a dispersed state, they disperse into individual magnetic particles or small magnetic agglomerates, exposing the non-magnetic and intergrowth materials wrapped within the magnetic agglomerates. The dispersed material then enters the area of the guide baffles 8 again, where it will magnetically agglomerate again and form magnetic chains. In this way, the magnetic chains are in a state of repeated "dispersion-agglomeration-dispersion" during the fall, and are continuously purified under the scouring action of the airflow, thereby improving the sorting accuracy. Furthermore, the guide baffles 8 are arranged at a 45° angle to the vertical direction, creating a specific falling channel for the magnetic chain. This orderly falling method helps the magnetic chain to form and transport stably, allowing magnetic materials to pass through the sorting area more smoothly and finally be discharged from the concentrate discharge port. As for the small non-magnetic materials and intergrowth materials, under the dominant action of fluid drag, they will undergo lateral migration under the action of airflow. After the non-magnetic materials cross the guide baffles 8, they will eventually slide along the right side wall of the sorting box 1 to the tailings discharge port.
[0029] In summary, the key improvement of this invention lies in the following: as the magnetic chain repeatedly undergoes the process of "dispersion-agglomeration-dispersion," more non-magnetic and intergrowth materials are carried away by the horizontal airflow during each dispersion, while the magnetic particles re-agglomerate under the influence of the magnetic field. After multiple such cycles, the purity of the magnetic particles in the magnetic chain continuously increases, meaning the magnetic chain is continuously purified, thereby improving the grade of the final concentrate obtained from the separation.
[0030] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the patent claims of this utility model should be included within the scope of the patent application of this utility model.
Claims
1. A dry airflow magnetic separator, characterized in that, The sorting box (1) is hollow and open at both ends. The sorting box (1) includes a feed channel, an airflow channel and a discharge channel in sequence along the mineral material conveying direction. The feed channel of the sorting box (1) is provided with a feed baffle (2). The airflow channel of the sorting box (1) is provided with a flow guiding component. The flow guiding component includes multiple flow guiding baffles (8). The multiple flow guiding baffles (8) are distributed in a stepped manner from top to bottom in the feed channel of the sorting box (1). Magnetic systems (3) are provided on the front and rear sides of the sorting box (1). An air inlet (4) is provided on the left side of the sorting box (1). An air distribution plate (5) is provided at the air inlet (4). An air outlet connector (7) is provided on the top of the sorting box (1). A partition plate (6) is provided in the discharge channel of the sorting box (1). The partition plate (6) divides the discharge channel into a concentrate discharge port on the left and a tailings discharge port on the right.
2. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting box (1) includes a vertical section one, an inclined section and a vertical section two. The two ends of the inclined section are connected to the vertical section one and the vertical section two respectively. The feeding channel is located in the vertical section one of the sorting box (1). The airflow channel is located in the inclined section of the sorting box (1). The discharge channel is located in the vertical section two of the sorting box (1).
3. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the partition plate (6) is connected to the bottom of the guide baffle (8) located at the bottom layer.
4. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed baffle (2) and the guide baffle (8) are arranged at an angle of 30° to 60° with the vertical direction.
5. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air distribution plate (5) includes two layers of steel plates (501) filled with ventilation holes and a filter cloth (502) located between the two layers of steel plates (501).
6. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left outer wall of the sorting box (1) is fixedly connected to a horizontally arranged air inlet pipe (9), which is connected to the sorting box (1) through an air inlet (4) and is connected to pressurized gas.
7. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic system (3) includes a magnetic system one (301) symmetrically arranged on the front side of the sorting box (1) and a magnetic system two (302) arranged on the rear side of the sorting box (1).
8. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cover plate (10) is provided on the right side of the feed baffle (2) in the feed channel of the sorting box (1). The cover plate (10) partially covers the feed channel of the sorting box (1). The cover plate (10) includes a horizontal part and a vertical part perpendicular to the horizontal part. The air outlet connector (7) is provided through the horizontal part of the cover plate (10).
9. A dry airflow magnetic separator according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom of the vertical part of the cover plate (10) is connected to the top of the feed baffle (2).