A taper forming cutter

Abstract

The application discloses a taper forming milling cutter and relates to the technical field of metal cutting tools, which comprises a tool shank for being connected with a machine tool spindle and a tool body arranged at one end of the tool shank, wherein a spherical taper section is arranged at the end of the tool body away from the tool shank, a plurality of cutting edges are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the taper section in the axial direction, the extension direction of the cutting edges is parallel to the taper surface generatrix of the taper section, the outer surface of the spherical head of the taper section is uniformly provided with chip breaking grooves in the circumferential direction, and the cutting edges all penetrate through the spherical head of the taper section to the taper surface transition position. During the cutting process, the chip is periodically impacted and extruded when contacting the sawtooth structure of the chip breaking groove, is divided into small chips, long chips are prevented from winding the cutter, the chips are prevented from accumulating in the cutting area, and the damage of the chips to the machined surface of a workpiece is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metal cutting tool technology, and in particular to a tapered milling cutter. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as machinery manufacturing, mold making, and aerospace, workpieces with transitional structures between conical and spherical surfaces are widely used. These structures not only require high geometric accuracy of the conical and spherical surfaces but also demand a smooth and continuous surface finish in the transition area to meet requirements for sealing performance, assembly accuracy, and smooth movement. Tapered milling cutters, as specialized tools for machining such structures, directly impact machining efficiency, forming quality, and production costs. Therefore, they place high demands on cutting accuracy, chip removal capability, and structural adaptability.

[0003] Currently, in industrial applications, the cutting edge of cutting tools used for machining spherical taper sections is fully aligned with the generatrix of the workpiece surface to be machined. Some tools also feature simple circumferential grooves in the ball end region to aid in chip breaking. Furthermore, existing tool holders mostly employ standard tapered or straight shank structures, and the connection between the tool body and the holder can be achieved through integral forging, welding, or mechanical clamping.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that the chips at the ball end are difficult to discharge smoothly through conventional chip grooves due to spatial constraints, and tend to accumulate in the cutting area, making it impossible to efficiently guide the chips out. This can easily cause chips to entangle or squeeze the machined surface of the workpiece, resulting in a decrease in machining accuracy. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a tapered milling cutter to improve the problem that chips are difficult to smoothly discharge through conventional chip grooves due to space constraints, tend to accumulate in the cutting area, cannot be efficiently guided to discharge, and are prone to chip entanglement or compression of the machined surface of the workpiece, resulting in a decrease in machining accuracy.

[0006] This application provides a tapered forming milling cutter, which adopts the following technical solution: A tapered milling cutter includes a tool holder for connection to a machine tool spindle and a cutter body located at one end of the tool holder. The end of the cutter body away from the tool holder has a spherical tapered section. A plurality of cutting edges are distributed along the axial direction on the outer circumferential surface of the tapered section, and the extension direction of the cutting edges is parallel to the generatrix of the tapered surface of the tapered section. Chip breaking grooves are uniformly formed along the circumferential direction on the outer surface of the ball head of the tapered section, and the cutting edges all penetrate from the ball head of the tapered section to the transition point of the tapered surface.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutting edge extends in a direction parallel to the generatrix of the conical surface, ensuring that the cutting trajectory is completely in contact with the workpiece surface and improving machining accuracy; the circumferential chip breaking groove on the outer surface of the ball head can divide the continuous chips into short fragments, preventing chips from wrapping around the tool or scratching the workpiece surface; the cutting edge penetrates through the transition from the ball head to the conical surface, ensuring the machining continuity of the connection between the ball head and the conical surface and eliminating machining dead angles.

[0008] Optionally, the cone angle of the ball head position of the tapered segment ranges from 15° to 90°.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the taper angle of the ball end in the tapered section ranges from 15° to 90°, balancing the cutting force distribution and preventing cutting vibration caused by an excessively large taper angle or chip removal problems caused by an excessively small taper angle. Optionally, the included angle between two adjacent cutting edges is equal, and a chip-receiving groove connected to the chip-breaking groove is provided between adjacent cutting edges.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the included angle between adjacent cutting edges is equal, so that the cutting load is evenly distributed on each cutting edge, preventing local wear caused by overload of a single cutting edge and extending the overall tool life; the chip groove and the chip breaker groove are connected to form a complete chip removal channel, and the chips can be quickly discharged through the chip groove after being divided by the chip breaker groove, reducing the residence time of the chips in the cutting area, lowering the cutting temperature, and preventing the chips from squeezing the machined surface of the workpiece.

[0011] Optionally, the blade body has a transition section at one end near the handle, and the outer diameter of the transition section gradually decreases from the end near the handle to the end near the tapered section.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the gradual change in the outer diameter of the transition section achieves a smooth connection between the tool holder and the tapered section, preventing stress concentration caused by structural abrupt changes, improving the overall rigidity of the tool body, and reducing vibration, especially during high-speed rotary cutting.

[0013] Optionally, the cutting edge is arranged in a spiral pattern at intervals along the circumferential sidewall of the tool body; the chip groove is also arranged in a spiral pattern along the sidewall of the cutting edge.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, the spiral cutting edge makes the cutting process a continuous and progressive contact, preventing the impact caused by sudden loading, reducing machine tool vibration, and improving the surface finish of the machined surface; the spiral chip groove extends synchronously with the cutting edge, which can continuously receive and transport chips during the cutting process, increasing the chip space, which is especially suitable for the chip removal requirements when machining deep conical surfaces. At the same time, the spiral structure can enhance the torsional strength of the tool body.

[0015] Optionally, a chip removal groove is provided at the ball head position of the tapered section of the cutting edge, and the inner wall of the chip removal groove is connected to the inner wall of the chip breaking groove and the chip receiving groove.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the chip removal groove, chip breaking groove, and chip receiving groove at the ball end of the tapered section are connected to form a connected chip removal path, which solves the problem of difficult chip removal in the central area of ​​the spherical tapered section; the multi-groove connected design allows the coolant to reach the ball end cutting area directly through the grooves, giving full play to the cooling effect and preventing the cutting edge from softening due to poor heat dissipation at the ball end.

[0017] Optionally, the cross-section of the chip breaking groove located on the inner sidewall of the chip removal groove is serrated; and the top and bottom of the teeth of the chip breaking groove are rounded.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the tooth structure of the serrated chip breaker can break the chip through multiple collisions, thus enhancing the chip breaking effect. It is especially suitable for cutting plastic materials such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys. The rounded transition between the tooth tip and the tooth bottom prevents stress concentration and prevents the edge of the chip breaker from cracking under the action of cutting force. At the same time, it reduces the rigid friction between the chip and the groove wall and reduces the tool wear rate.

[0019] Optionally, the cutting edge is provided with a chamfered surface, the angle of the chamfered surface is 10°-15°, and the width of the chamfered surface is 0.1-0.2mm.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the chamfered edge can enhance the structural strength of the cutting edge, resist the impact force during the cutting process, prevent the cutting edge from chipping or rolling during high-speed cutting, and the chamfered edge can guide the chip flow to the chip groove, reducing the friction of the chip on the cutting edge.

[0021] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The cutting edge extends parallel to the generatrix of the conical surface, ensuring that the cutting trajectory is completely in contact with the workpiece surface and improving machining accuracy; the circumferential chip breaking groove on the outer surface of the ball head can divide continuous chips into short fragments, preventing chips from wrapping around the tool or scratching the workpiece surface. 2. The chip groove and the chip breaking groove are connected to form a complete chip removal channel. The chips can be quickly discharged through the chip groove after being broken by the chip breaking groove, which reduces the residence time of the chips in the cutting area, lowers the cutting temperature, and prevents the chips from squeezing the machined surface of the workpiece. 3. The chip removal groove at the ball end of the tapered section is connected to the chip breaking groove and the chip receiving groove to form a connected chip removal path, which solves the problem of difficult chip removal in the central area of ​​the spherical tapered section; the multi-groove connected design allows the coolant to reach the ball end cutting area directly through the grooves, giving full play to the cooling effect and preventing the cutting edge from softening due to poor heat dissipation at the ball end. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a tapered milling cutter; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0023] In the diagram, 1 is the tool holder; 2 is the tool body; 21 is the taper section; 22 is the cutting edge; 221 is the chamfered surface; 23 is the chip groove; 24 is the transition section; 3 is the chip breaker groove; and 4 is the chip removal groove. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0025] A tapered milling cutter, as shown in the reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tool holder 1 is used to connect to the machine tool spindle, and the tool body 2 is located at one end of the tool holder 1. The tool holder 1 and the tool body 2 are integral structures. The tool body 2 is made of high-speed steel and its outer surface is nitrided. The end of the tool body 2 away from the tool holder 1 is provided with a spherical tapered section 21. The angle of the cone at the ball head of the tapered section 21 is in the range of 15°-90°. Several cutting edges 22 are distributed axially on the outer circumference of the tapered section 21. The included angle between two adjacent cutting edges 22 is equal. In this example, there are 6 cutting edges 22. The included angle between adjacent cutting edges 22 is 60°. The extension direction of the cutting edges 22 is parallel to the generatrix of the cone surface of the tapered section 21. The cutting edges 22 penetrate from the ball head to the transition point of the cone surface of the spherical tapered section 21 to form a continuous cutting structure.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The outer surface of the ball head of the tapered section 21 is provided with a chip breaking groove 3 along the circumferential direction. The cross-section of the chip breaking groove 3 is serrated, and the tooth top and tooth bottom are connected by a circular arc transition. A chip receiving groove 23 is provided between adjacent cutting edges 22. The chip receiving groove 23 is connected to the chip breaking groove 3. The cutting edges 22 are arranged in a spiral pattern along the circumferential side wall of the tool body. The chip receiving groove 23 also extends in a spiral pattern along the side wall of the cutting edge 22. A chip removal groove 4 is also provided at the ball head position of the cutting edge 22 in the tapered section 21. The inner side wall of the chip removal groove 4 is connected to the inner side wall of the chip breaking groove 3 and the chip receiving groove 23 to form a complete chip removal channel.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tool body 2 has a transition section 24 at one end near the tool holder 1. The outer diameter of the transition section 24 gradually decreases from the end near the tool holder 1 to the end near the taper section 21. The cutting edge 22 has a chamfered surface 221 at the cutting edge, which can enhance the structural strength of the cutting edge 22, resist the impact force during the cutting process, and prevent the cutting edge from chipping or rolling during high-speed cutting. The angle range of the chamfered surface 221 is 10°-15°, and the width is 0.1-0.2mm. The chamfered surface 221 is formed by grinding.

[0028] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: During operation, the tool holder 1 is fixedly connected to the machine tool spindle. Through the structural design of the spherical tapered section 21, the milling cutter can machine the workpiece. The chamfered surface 221 of the cutting edge 22 enhances the edge strength, effectively preventing edge breakage when cutting hard and brittle materials or bearing large cutting forces. At the same time, the chamfered surface 221 guides the chips to flow towards the chip groove 23, reducing the frictional resistance between the chips and the cutting edge and reducing the generation of cutting heat. A serrated chip breaking groove 3 is opened at the ball end of the tapered section 21. During the cutting process, when the chips come into contact with the serrated structure of the chip breaking groove 3, they are subjected to periodic impact and compression, and are broken into short fragments, preventing long chips from wrapping around the tool. At the same time, the connection design of the chip breaking groove 3 with the chip groove 23 and the chip removal groove 4 allows the chips to be quickly discharged through the spiral chip groove 23, avoiding accumulation in the cutting area and reducing the scraping of the machined surface of the workpiece by the chips.

[0029] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A tapered milling cutter, characterized in that: The tool includes a tool holder (1) for connecting to a machine tool spindle and a tool body (2) located at one end of the tool holder (1). The end of the tool body (2) away from the tool holder (1) is provided with a spherical tapered section (21). Several cutting edges (22) are distributed along the axial direction on the outer circumferential surface of the tapered section (21), and the extension direction of the cutting edges (22) is parallel to the generatrix of the tapered surface of the tapered section (21). Chip breaking grooves (3) are uniformly opened along the circumferential direction on the outer surface of the ball head of the tapered section (21), and the cutting edges (22) all penetrate through the ball head of the tapered section (21) to the transition point of the tapered surface.

2. The tapered forming milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cone angle of the ball head position of the tapered segment (21) ranges from 15° to 90°.

3. The tapered forming milling cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle between two adjacent cutting edges (22) is equal, and a chip groove (23) connected to the chip breaker groove (3) is provided between adjacent cutting edges (22).

4. A tapered forming milling cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blade body (2) has a transition section (24) at one end near the handle (1), and the outer diameter of the transition section (24) gradually decreases from the end near the handle (1) to the end near the taper section (21).

5. A tapered forming milling cutter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutting edge (22) is arranged in a spiral pattern along the circumferential sidewall of the tool body (2); the chip groove (23) is also arranged in a spiral pattern along the sidewall of the cutting edge (22).

6. A tapered forming milling cutter according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cutting edge (22) is provided with a chip removal groove (4) at the ball head position of the tapered section (21). The inner wall of the chip removal groove (4) is connected to the inner wall of the chip breaking groove (3) and the chip receiving groove (23).

7. A tapered forming milling cutter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The chip breaking groove (3) is located on the inner side wall of the chip removal groove (4) and its cross-section is serrated; and the top and bottom of the teeth of the chip breaking groove (3) are rounded.

8. A tapered forming milling cutter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cutting edge (22) has a chamfered surface (221) at the cutting edge, the angle of the chamfered surface (221) is 10°-15°, and the width of the chamfered surface (221) is 0.1-0.2mm.

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