Steering system and engineering vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to vehicle technical field, specifically disclose steering system and engineering vehicle, this steering system includes bridge, steering mechanism and drive mechanism, bridge is fixedly arranged in the frame, the both ends of bridge along the car width direction are respectively connected with two wheel assemblies, to make wheel assembly can swing along the car width direction relative to bridge, steering mechanism includes two swing arms, two swing arms are fixedly arranged in two wheel assemblies, drive mechanism includes two telescopic cylinders, the cylinder body of two telescopic cylinders is respectively connected in bridge through two first pivot shafts, the telescopic rod of two telescopic cylinders is respectively connected with two swing arms through two second pivot shafts, the axial direction of first pivot shaft is consistent with the car length direction, the axial line of second pivot shaft is consistent with the car height direction. When bridge occurs elastic deformation along the car height direction, the axial direction of first pivot shaft is consistent with the car length direction at this moment, causes telescopic cylinder to swing along the car height direction relative to bridge, to avoid the resistance pressure between first pivot shaft and telescopic cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to steering systems and engineering vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, wheel loaders generally use hydraulically driven articulated steering systems, whose mechanical structure consists of separate front and rear frames connected by articulated pins. While this structure has the advantages of a small turning radius and high maneuverability, at speeds exceeding 30 km / h, the dynamic characteristics of the separate frame can cause significant lateral swaying of the vehicle body, posing a risk of lateral instability.

[0003] To improve structural stability under high-speed conditions, the industry is gradually shifting towards using an integral frame structure, which uses telescopic cylinders to drive the wheels to swing in order to achieve vehicle steering.

[0004] However, in the existing design, the pivot connection shaft between the telescopic cylinder and the axle is arranged vertically. When the axle undergoes elastic deformation under heavy load, the axis of the pivot connection shaft will deviate from the vertical direction, thus generating a counterforce with the telescopic cylinder. This can cause jamming between the telescopic cylinder and the pivot connection shaft, or even damage to the telescopic cylinder.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to shift to a systemic approach to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a steering system and engineering vehicle to solve the problem in the related technology where the pivot connection shaft between the telescopic cylinder and the axle is arranged vertically. When the axle undergoes elastic deformation under heavy load, the axis of the pivot connection shaft will deviate from the vertical direction, thereby generating a counterforce with the telescopic cylinder. This can lead to jamming between the telescopic cylinder and the pivot connection shaft, or even damage to the telescopic cylinder.

[0007] On the one hand, this utility model provides a steering system, which includes:

[0008] A bridge, which is fixed to the bottom of the vehicle frame, is configured at both ends along the vehicle width direction to pivotally connect to two wheel assemblies respectively, so that the wheel assemblies can swing relative to the bridge along the vehicle width direction.

[0009] The steering mechanism includes two swing arms, which are respectively fixed to the two wheel assemblies;

[0010] The drive mechanism includes two telescopic cylinders. The cylinder bodies of the two telescopic cylinders are respectively pivotally connected to the bridge frame via two first pivot shafts. The telescopic rods of the two telescopic cylinders are respectively pivotally connected to the two swing arms via two second pivot shafts. The axial direction of the first pivot shaft is consistent with the vehicle length direction, and the axial direction of the second pivot shaft is consistent with the vehicle height direction.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, the steering mechanism further includes a tie rod and two synchronizer arms. The two synchronizer arms are respectively fixed to the two wheel assemblies. The two ends of the tie rod are respectively pivotally connected to the two synchronizer arms. The bridge, the tie rod and the two synchronizer arms form a four-bar linkage structure.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, the tie rod includes a connecting rod and two adjusting rods. The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively provided with two threaded holes. One end of each of the two adjusting rods extends into the two threaded holes and is screwed to the two connecting rods respectively. The other end of each of the two adjusting rods is pivotally connected to the two synchronizing arms respectively.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively provided with through grooves, and along the radial direction of the connecting rod, the through grooves connect the corresponding threaded holes to the outside.

[0014] The tie rod also includes two clamps, which are sleeved on the connecting rod and are respectively opposite to the through slots at both ends of the connecting rod.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, the synchronizing arm and the swing arm on one wheel assembly are integrally formed parts, and the synchronizing arm and the swing arm on the other wheel assembly are integrally formed parts.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, a reinforcing rib is provided between the first pivot shaft and the bridge frame.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, the drive mechanism further includes two displacement sensors, which respectively monitor the extension amount of the telescopic rods of the two telescopic cylinders.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, the telescopic cylinder is an electric cylinder.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution for the steering system, the bridge is configured to be pivotally connected to the bottom of the vehicle frame via a third pivot shaft, the axis of which is aligned with the length direction of the vehicle.

[0020] On the other hand, this utility model provides an engineering vehicle that includes the steering system of any of the above-mentioned solutions.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] This utility model provides a steering system and an engineering vehicle. The steering system includes a bridge, a steering mechanism, and a drive mechanism. The bridge is fixed to the bottom of the vehicle frame, and its two ends along the vehicle width direction are configured to be pivotally connected to two wheel assemblies respectively, allowing the wheel assemblies to swing relative to the bridge along the vehicle width direction. The steering mechanism includes two swing arms, each fixed to one of the two wheel assemblies. The drive mechanism includes two telescopic cylinders, the cylinder bodies of which are pivotally connected to the bridge via two first pivot shafts, and the telescopic rods of which are pivotally connected to the two swing arms via two second pivot shafts. The axial direction of the first pivot shafts is aligned with the vehicle length direction, and the axial direction of the second pivot shafts is aligned with the vehicle height direction. When the engineering vehicle equipped with this steering system is turning, one of the two telescopic cylinders extends while the other retracts accordingly, thus achieving steering of the engineering vehicle. When engineering vehicles are heavily loaded or traveling on rough roads, the bridge frame is prone to elastic deformation along the vehicle height direction under the action of gravity. At this time, the axis of the first pivot shaft is consistent with the vehicle length direction, which allows the telescopic cylinder to swing along the vehicle height direction. Therefore, when the bridge frame deforms along the vehicle height direction, the telescopic cylinder swings relative to the bridge frame along the vehicle height direction to avoid the generation of pressure between the first pivot shaft and the telescopic cylinder, and to avoid jamming between the telescopic cylinder and the first pivot shaft, or even damage to the telescopic cylinder. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steering system in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the steering system in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0025] In the picture:

[0026] X: Vehicle width; Y: Vehicle length; Z: Vehicle height;

[0027] 100. Wheel assembly;

[0028] 1. Cable tray; 11. First pivot shaft; 12. Second pivot shaft; 13. Third pivot shaft; 14. Reinforcing rib;

[0029] 21. Swing arm; 22. Tie rod; 221. Connecting rod; 222. Adjusting rod; 223. Clamp; 23. Synchronizing arm;

[0030] 31. Telescopic cylinder; 311. Cylinder body; 312. Telescopic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0032] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "first position" and "second position" refer to two different positions. Moreover, "above," "on top of," and "over" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "under," and "below" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0035] like Figure 1 and 2As shown, this embodiment provides a steering system, which includes a bridge 1, a steering mechanism, and a drive mechanism. The bridge 1 is fixed to the bottom of the vehicle frame. Both ends of the bridge 1 along the vehicle width direction X are configured to be pivotally connected to two wheel assemblies 100 respectively, so that the wheel assemblies 100 can swing relative to the bridge 1 in the vehicle width direction X. The steering mechanism includes two swing arms 21, which are fixed to the two wheel assemblies 100 respectively. The drive mechanism includes two telescopic cylinders 31. The cylinder bodies 311 of the two telescopic cylinders 31 are pivotally connected to the bridge 1 through two first pivot shafts 11, and the telescopic rods 312 of the two telescopic cylinders 31 are pivotally connected to the two swing arms 21 through two second pivot shafts 12. The axial direction of the first pivot shaft 11 is consistent with the vehicle length direction Y, and the axial direction of the second pivot shaft 12 is consistent with the vehicle height direction Z. When an engineering vehicle equipped with this steering system is turning, since the two swing arms 21 are fixedly connected to the two wheel assemblies 100 respectively, the two swing arms 21 are driven to swing along the vehicle width direction X, which in turn drives the two wheel assemblies 100 to swing relative to the bridge frame 1 along the vehicle width direction X. Therefore, by extending one of the two telescopic cylinders 31 and retracting the other accordingly, the two swing arms 21 are made to swing synchronously to the same side, so that the two wheel assemblies 100 can swing synchronously, thereby realizing the steering of the engineering vehicle.

[0036] When engineering vehicles are heavily loaded or traveling on rough roads, the bridge frame 1 is prone to elastic deformation along the vehicle height direction Z under the action of gravity. At this time, the axial direction of the first pivot shaft 11 is consistent with the vehicle length direction Y, which allows the telescopic cylinder 31 to swing along the vehicle height direction Z. Therefore, when the bridge frame 1 deforms along the vehicle height direction Z, the telescopic cylinder 31 swings relative to the bridge frame 1 along the vehicle height direction Z to avoid the generation of pressure between the first pivot shaft 11 and the telescopic cylinder 31, and to avoid jamming between the telescopic cylinder 31 and the first pivot shaft 11, or even damage to the telescopic cylinder 31.

[0037] Optionally, the steering mechanism further includes a tie rod 22 and two synchronizer arms 23. The two synchronizer arms 23 are respectively fixed to the two wheel assemblies 100. The two ends of the tie rod 22 are pivotally connected to the two synchronizer arms 23. The bridge frame 1, the tie rod 22, and the two synchronizer arms 23 form a four-bar linkage structure. In this embodiment, the four-bar linkage structure can ensure that the two synchronizer arms 23 can swing synchronously, so that the two wheel assemblies 100 can swing synchronously. When one of the telescopic cylinders 31 fails, the tie rod 22 can still ensure that the two synchronizer arms 23 swing synchronously, so as to ensure that the two wheel assemblies 100 can swing synchronously.

[0038] Optionally, the tie rod 22 includes a connecting rod 221 and two adjusting rods 222. The connecting rod 221 has two threaded holes at each end. One end of each adjusting rod 222 extends into one of the threaded holes and is screwed onto the two connecting rods 221. The other ends of each adjusting rod 222 are pivotally connected to two synchronizing arms 23. In this embodiment, by rotating the adjusting rod 222 relative to the connecting rod 221, the depth of the adjusting rod 222 extending into the corresponding threaded hole of the connecting rod 221 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the length of the tie rod 22. Manufacturing tolerances exist in the production of various components of the steering system, and cumulative errors occur during assembly. In daily use, wear and deformation also cause precision errors. Therefore, the tie rod 22 is designed with an adjustable length structure to adapt to these changes and maintain steering accuracy.

[0039] Optionally, the connecting rod 221 has through grooves recessed at both ends, and the through grooves connect the corresponding threaded holes to the outside along the radial direction of the connecting rod 221. The tie rod 22 also includes two clamps 223, which are sleeved on the connecting rod 221 and are respectively opposite to the through grooves at both ends of the connecting rod 221. In this embodiment, through grooves are provided at both ends of the connecting rod 221, and the through grooves connect the corresponding threaded holes to the outside, thereby weakening the strength of the connecting rod 221 at the location where the through grooves are provided. At this time, the clamps 223 hold the connecting rod 221 at the location where the through grooves are provided, thereby allowing the connecting rod 221 to hold the telescopic rod 312 that is inserted into the threaded hole tightly, preventing the telescopic rod 312 from rotating relative to the connecting rod 221.

[0040] Optionally, the clamp 223 includes a U-shaped member, a locking bolt, and a locking nut. The connecting rod 221, which has a through groove, passes through the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped member. The locking bolt passes through the first and second ends of the U-shaped member and is screwed to the locking nut to clamp the connecting rod 221 at the position where the through groove is provided.

[0041] Optionally, the synchronizing arm 23 and the swing arm 21 on one wheel assembly 100 are integrally molded parts, and the synchronizing arm 23 and the swing arm 21 on the other wheel assembly 100 are integrally molded parts. In this embodiment, this arrangement can improve production efficiency and assembly efficiency, and reduce production costs.

[0042] Optionally, a reinforcing rib 14 is provided between the first pivot shaft 11 and the cable tray 1. In this embodiment, when the telescopic rod 312 extends from the cylinder 311, the reaction force of the cylinder 311 acts directly on the first pivot shaft 11. If the connection strength between the first pivot shaft 11 and the cable tray 1 is insufficient, the first pivot shaft 11 is very likely to tilt relative to the cable tray 1. To avoid this problem, a reinforcing rib 14 is provided between the first pivot shaft 11 and the cable tray 1 to improve the connection strength between the first pivot shaft 11 and the cable tray 1.

[0043] Optionally, at least three reinforcing ribs 14 are provided, and the at least three reinforcing ribs 14 are arranged circumferentially around the first pivot shaft 11, with each reinforcing rib 14 connected to the first pivot shaft 11 and the cable tray 1 respectively.

[0044] Optionally, the drive mechanism also includes two displacement sensors, which monitor the extension amount of the telescopic rods 312 of the two telescopic cylinders 31, respectively. In this embodiment, the extension amount of the telescopic rods 312 of the two telescopic cylinders 31 can be monitored in real time by the two position sensors, thereby determining whether the telescopic rods 312 need calibration or whether there is a fault.

[0045] Optionally, the telescopic cylinder 31 is an electric cylinder. In this embodiment, the electric cylinder has lower energy loss, faster response speed, simpler structure, and lower maintenance cost.

[0046] In other embodiments, hydraulic cylinders may also be used.

[0047] Optionally, the bridge 1 is configured to be pivotally connected to the bottom of the vehicle frame via a third pivot shaft 13, the axis of which is aligned with the vehicle's length direction Y. In this embodiment, this arrangement allows the bridge 1 to swing relative to the vehicle frame about the third pivot shaft 13, thereby improving the vehicle's stability when traversing rough roads.

[0048] Optionally, elastic elements are provided at both ends of the bridge 1 and between the bridge and the frame to stabilize the posture of the frame.

[0049] This embodiment also provides an engineering vehicle, including the steering system described above.

[0050] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A steering system, characterized in that, include: A bridge (1) is fixed to the bottom of the vehicle frame. The two ends of the bridge (1) along the vehicle width direction (X) are configured to be pivotally connected to two wheel assemblies (100) respectively, so that the wheel assemblies (100) can swing relative to the bridge (1) along the vehicle width direction (X). The steering mechanism includes two swing arms (21), which are respectively fixed to the two wheel assemblies (100); The drive mechanism includes two telescopic cylinders (31). The cylinder bodies (311) of the two telescopic cylinders (31) are respectively pivotally connected to the bridge frame (1) via two first pivot shafts (11). The telescopic rods (312) of the two telescopic cylinders (31) are respectively pivotally connected to the two swing arms (21) via two second pivot shafts (12). The axial direction of the first pivot shaft (11) is consistent with the vehicle length direction (Y), and the axis of the second pivot shaft (12) is consistent with the vehicle height direction (Z).

2. The steering system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steering mechanism also includes a tie rod (22) and two synchronous arms (23). The two synchronous arms (23) are respectively fixed to the two wheel assemblies (100). The two ends of the tie rod (22) are respectively pivotally connected to the two synchronous arms (23). The bridge frame (1), the tie rod (22) and the two synchronous arms (23) form a four-bar linkage structure.

3. The steering system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal tie rod (22) includes a connecting rod (221) and two adjusting rods (222). The two ends of the connecting rod (221) are respectively provided with two threaded holes. One end of the two adjusting rods (222) extends into the two threaded holes and is screwed to the two connecting rods (221) respectively. The other end of the two adjusting rods (222) is pivotally connected to the two synchronizing arms (23) respectively.

4. The steering system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two ends of the connecting rod (221) are respectively provided with through grooves, and along the radial direction of the connecting rod (221), the through grooves connect the corresponding threaded holes to the outside. The horizontal tie rod (22) also includes two clamps (223), which are sleeved on the connecting rod (221) and are respectively opposite to the through slots at both ends of the connecting rod (221).

5. The steering system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The synchronizing arm (23) and the swing arm (21) on one wheel assembly (100) are integrally formed, and the synchronizing arm (23) and the swing arm (21) on the other wheel assembly (100) are integrally formed.

6. The steering system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A reinforcing rib (14) is provided between the first pivot shaft (11) and the cable tray (1).

7. The steering system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The drive mechanism also includes two displacement sensors, which monitor the extension amount of the telescopic rods (312) of the two telescopic cylinders (31).

8. The steering system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The telescopic cylinder (31) is an electric cylinder.

9. The steering system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The bridge (1) is configured to be pivotally connected to the bottom of the frame via a third pivot shaft (13), the axis of which is aligned with the length direction (Y) of the vehicle.

10. An engineering vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the steering system as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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