A multi-layer support structure for open cut excavation

Abstract

The utility model relates to a technology field of emptying hole support, especially a multilayer support structure of emptying hole hole body excavation, including arch frame, two supports are fixedly arranged in the bottom surface of both ends of arch frame, the fixed block is fixedly arranged between two support lower ends, a plurality of anchor rods are installed on arch frame and support respectively, the outer wall of both ends of arch frame is fixedly arranged with connecting block respectively, the outer wall of connecting block is fixedly arranged with protection block, connecting block and protection block are respectively U-shaped, the inner wall of arch frame and support is installed with reinforcing assembly respectively, and the reinforcing assembly includes reinforcing piece, a plurality of insertion holes are arranged on reinforcing piece, the first bolt is inserted in the insertion hole inside, and the first bolt is respectively with the inner wall of arch frame and support screw thread connection. Realize the additional support of the sleeve and the reinforcing rib, improve the adjustment range of support strength, provide flexible support structure for emptying hole hole body excavation, improve the bearing capacity to different lithology stratum, reduce the soft rock stratum support deformation, the situation of hard rock stratum excessive support occurs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of support technology for venting tunnels, and in particular to a multi-layer support structure for the excavation of venting tunnel bodies. Background Technology

[0002] In infrastructure projects such as water conservancy and transportation, the venting tunnel is a key structure that undertakes flood discharge, emergency drainage or construction diversion. Its excavation process faces complex and varied geological conditions, ranging from hard rock strata with good integrity to soft rock strata that are easily deformable, and then to fractured zones or water-rich strata with extremely poor stability. Different lithologies put forward different requirements on the bearing capacity, deformation adaptability and construction convenience of the support structure. A search revealed a Chinese patent with publication number CN214196327U, which provides a multi-layer protective support device for tunnels traversing rocky areas. This device uses a linkage block to control the movement of an adjusting block within a sliding groove, causing the protective block to move into the gap between the top beam of the support block and the tunnel wall. Because the protective block is made of deformable rubber, it is pressed and fixed against the tunnel wall at the gap, preventing fractures at the gap during construction. However, during use, it was found that this only addresses localized gaps in the rocky areas of the tunnel. When encountering changes in rock strata during construction, it is difficult to adjust the support according to the mechanical properties of different rock layers, limiting the range of support strength adjustment. It typically only maintains a fixed support strength, resulting in insufficient adaptability. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a multi-layer support structure for the excavation of a venting tunnel. By connecting the second bolt on the sleeve to the threaded hole on the inner wall of the reinforcement, the sleeve and the reinforcing rib form additional support, improving the adjustment range of support strength, adapting to complex and varied geological conditions, providing a flexible support structure for the excavation of the venting tunnel, improving the bearing capacity of different lithological strata, and reducing the occurrence of support deformation in soft rock strata and over-support in hard rock strata.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a multi-layer support structure for excavating a venting tunnel, including an arch frame, two supports fixedly mounted on the bottom surfaces of both ends of the arch frame, a fixing block fixedly mounted between the lower ends of the two supports, multiple anchor rods installed on the arch frame and the supports respectively, connecting blocks fixedly mounted on the outer walls of both ends of the arch frame, a protective block fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting block, the connecting block and the protective block being U-shaped respectively, and reinforcement components installed on the inner walls of the arch frame and the supports respectively; The reinforcement component includes a reinforcement member with multiple insertion holes. A first bolt is inserted into each insertion hole and is threaded to the inner wall of the arch and the support respectively. Multiple screw holes are provided on the inner wall of the reinforcement member. A retainer is snapped onto the outer wall of the reinforcement member. Reinforcing ribs are fixed at both ends of the retainer. A second bolt is inserted into the retainer and is threaded to the screw holes.

[0005] Preferably, two adjacent connecting blocks are connected and fixed by connecting bolts, and the two connecting blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the bracket.

[0006] The above technical solution uses connecting bolts to connect and fix the connecting blocks on adjacent arch frames, so that multiple sets of middle-layer frames form an integral and continuous structure.

[0007] Preferably, the reinforcing component includes a first reinforcing block and a second reinforcing block. The top surface of the first reinforcing block has a slot, the second reinforcing block is U-shaped, and the bottom surface of the second reinforcing block has two inserts that are inserted into the slot.

[0008] Preferably, two limiting blocks are provided on both sides of the insert block, and the inner walls of the limiting blocks are respectively inserted into the protrusions of the first reinforcing block.

[0009] Preferably, a rod is slidably connected to one of the limiting blocks, a round block is fixedly provided at one end of the rod, a tension spring is sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of one end of the rod, one end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the round block, and the other end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one of the limiting blocks.

[0010] Preferably, the insertion rod is slidably connected to two limiting blocks respectively, and the insertion rod is inserted into the first reinforcing block and the insertion block respectively.

[0011] With the above technical solution, after the limiting block and the protrusion are fully aligned, the round block is released, the tension spring resets and drives the insertion rod to pass through the two limiting blocks and insert into the first reinforcing block and the insertion block, thus completing the rapid assembly of the reinforcement component.

[0012] Preferably, the outer peripheral walls of the two protective blocks are provided with multiple advanced support components, each advanced support component including a pipe roof, and multiple pipe roofs are provided. Two annular grooves are respectively opened at both ends of the pipe roof, and U-shaped blocks are engaged inside the annular grooves. The multiple U-shaped blocks are respectively inserted and matched with the protective blocks.

[0013] Preferably, the lower outer peripheral wall of the U-shaped block is provided with external threads, and the lower end of the U-shaped block is threadedly connected with two nuts.

[0014] The above technical solution allows the U-shaped block to be inserted into the protective block. The external thread on the lower outer peripheral wall of the U-shaped block is engaged with two nuts. Tightening the nuts achieves rigid fixation between the pipe roof and the protective block. The pipe roof is used to reinforce the surrounding rock of the tunnel in advance, preventing the collapse of loose rock layers.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: For support requirements of different rock layers, the support strength can be adjusted through reinforcement components. The reinforcement component is connected to the first bolt through its insertion hole, and the first bolt is threaded to the inner wall of the arch or support, thus fixing the reinforcement component to the inner wall of the support frame. If increased support strength is required, such as in soft rock strata, a clamp is attached to the outer wall of the reinforcement component, and the clamp is fixed by threading the second bolt on the clamp to the threaded hole on the inner wall of the reinforcement component. At this time, the reinforcing ribs fixed at both ends of the clamp simultaneously form additional support. If simplified support is required, such as in hard rock strata, the second bolt and clamp can be removed, retaining only the reinforcement component or directly removing part of the reinforcement components to adjust the support strength. Based on the mechanical properties of different rock layers, it is convenient to add or remove reinforcement components or adjust the number of reinforcing ribs, improving the adjustment range of support strength, adapting to complex and varied geological conditions, providing a flexible support structure for the excavation of the venting tunnel, improving the bearing capacity for different lithological strata, and reducing the occurrence of support deformation in soft rock strata and over-support in hard rock strata. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement component structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the insertion block structure assembly of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure assembly of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a bottom-view perspective view of the pipe roof structure of this utility model.

[0017] In the diagram: 100, arch frame; 101, support; 102, fixing block; 200, anchor bolt; 300, connecting block; 400, Protective block; 500, Reinforcing component; 501, Reinforcing part; 502, First bolt; 503, Screw hole; 504, Slip sleeve; 505, Reinforcing rib; 506, Second bolt; 507, First reinforcing block; 508, Second reinforcing block; 509, Slot; 510, Insert block; 511, Limiting block; 512, Insert rod; 513, Round block; 514, Tension spring; 600, Advanced support component; 601, Pipe shed; 602, Circular groove; 603, U-shaped block; 604, Nut. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-layer support structure for excavating a venting tunnel, including an arch frame 100. Two supports 101 are fixed to the bottom surfaces of both ends of the arch frame 100. A fixing block 102 is fixed between the lower ends of the two supports 101. Multiple anchor rods 200 are installed on the arch frame 100 and the supports 101 respectively. Connecting blocks 300 are fixed to the outer walls of both ends of the arch frame 100 respectively. Protective blocks 400 are fixed to the outer walls of the connecting blocks 300. The connecting blocks 300 and the protective blocks 400 are U-shaped respectively. Reinforcing components 500 are installed on the inner walls of the arch frame 100 and the supports 101 respectively. The reinforcement component 500 includes a reinforcement member 501, which has multiple insertion holes. A first bolt 502 is inserted into the insertion holes. The first bolt 502 is threaded to the inner wall of the arch frame 100 and the bracket 101 respectively. The inner wall of the reinforcement member 501 has multiple screw holes 503. A retainer 504 is snapped onto the outer wall of the reinforcement member 501. Reinforcing ribs 505 are fixed at both ends of the retainer 504. A second bolt 506 is inserted into the retainer 504 and threaded to the screw holes 503.

[0020] Two adjacent connecting blocks 300 are connected and fixed by connecting bolts, and the two connecting blocks 300 are respectively fixedly connected to the bracket 101; the connecting blocks 300 on the adjacent arch frames 100 are connected and fixed by connecting bolts, so that multiple sets of middle-layer frames form an integral and continuous structure.

[0021] The reinforcement component 501 includes a first reinforcing block 507 and a second reinforcing block 508. The top surface of the first reinforcing block 507 has a slot 509. The second reinforcing block 508 is U-shaped, and its bottom surface is fixed with two insert blocks 510. The insert blocks 510 engage with the slot 509. Two limiting blocks 511 are provided on each side of the insert blocks 510. The inner walls of the limiting blocks 511 engage with the protrusions of the first reinforcing block 507. A rod 512 is slidably connected to one of the limiting blocks 511. A round block 513 is fixed to one end of the rod 512. A tension spring 514 is fitted on the outer peripheral wall of one end. One end of the tension spring 514 is fixedly connected to the round block 513, and the other end of the tension spring 514 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one of the limiting blocks 511. The insertion rod 512 is slidably connected to the two limiting blocks 511 respectively, and the insertion rod 512 is inserted into the first reinforcing block 507 and the insertion block 510 respectively. After the limiting block 511 is fully aligned with the protrusion, the round block 513 is released, the tension spring 514 is reset, and the insertion rod 512 is driven to pass through the two limiting blocks 511 and insert into the first reinforcing block 507 and the insertion block 510, thus completing the rapid assembly of the reinforcement part 501.

[0022] The outer perimeter of the two protective blocks 400 is provided with multiple advanced support components 600. Each advanced support component 600 includes a pipe roof 601, which has multiple pipe roofs. Two annular grooves 602 are opened at both ends of the pipe roof 601. U-shaped blocks 603 are engaged inside the annular grooves 602. The multiple U-shaped blocks 603 are respectively inserted into the protective blocks 400. The lower outer perimeter of the U-shaped block 603 is provided with external threads, and two nuts 604 are connected to the lower thread of the U-shaped block 603. The U-shaped block 603 is inserted into the protective block 400. The external threads of the lower outer perimeter of the U-shaped block 603 engage with the two nuts 604. Tightening the nuts 604 achieves rigid fixation between the pipe roof 601 and the protective block 400. The pipe roof 601 is used to reinforce the surrounding rock of the tunnel in advance and prevent the collapse of loose rock layers.

[0023] In use, the basic load-bearing frame of the support structure is first constructed by the brackets 101 on the bottom surfaces of both ends of the arch frame 100 and the fixing blocks 102 at the lower end of the brackets 101; then, multiple anchor rods 200 are installed on the arch frame 100 and the brackets 101 respectively. By inserting the anchor rods 200 into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the support frame is initially fixed to the surrounding rock, thereby improving the stability of the basic support. To address the support requirements of different rock layers, the support strength is adjusted using the reinforcement component 500. The reinforcement component 501 is inserted into a hole and engages with the first bolt 502, allowing the first bolt 502 to be threaded into the inner wall of the arch frame 100 and support 101, thus fixing the reinforcement component 501 to the inner wall of the support frame. If increased support strength is required, such as in soft rock formations, a clamping sleeve 504 is attached to the outer wall of the reinforcement component 501. The second bolt 506 on the clamping sleeve 504 is threaded into the screw hole 503 on the inner wall of the reinforcement component 501, thus securing the clamping sleeve 501. With the 504 fixed, the reinforcing ribs 505 fixed at both ends of the clamp 504 simultaneously form additional support. If simplified support is required, such as in hard rock formations, the second bolt 506 and clamp 504 can be removed, leaving only the reinforcement 501 or directly removing part of the reinforcement components 500 to adjust the support strength. According to the mechanical properties of different rock layers, it is convenient to add or remove reinforcement components 500 or adjust the number of reinforcing ribs 505, which improves the adjustment range of support strength, adapts to complex and varied geological conditions, and provides a flexible support structure for the excavation of the venting tunnel. Meanwhile, the U-shaped connecting blocks 300 and protective blocks 400 on the outer walls at both ends of the arch frame 100 not only provide lateral support for the support frame, but also reserve space for subsequent tunnel pouring operations, thereby improving the bearing capacity for different lithological strata and reducing the occurrence of support deformation in soft rock strata and over-support in hard rock strata.

[0024] Working principle: Before excavating the venting tunnel, the surrounding rock outside the tunnel is reinforced in advance. Multiple pre-excavation pipe roofs 601 are constructed outside the tunnel excavation outline according to the design spacing. One end of the pipe roof 601 is inserted into the stable rock layer, and the other end extends to the front of the area to be excavated. The overall rigidity of the pipe roof 601 is used to pre-reinforce the loose surrounding rock, preventing the rock layer from collapsing or water from seeping in during the excavation process, and providing a safe working space for the subsequent tunnel excavation. After the construction of the advanced pipe roof 601 is completed and reaches the design strength, the venting tunnel body is excavated. After excavation to the design support section, the middle layer foundation bearing frame of the support structure is immediately built. The middle layer frame is fixed to the bottom foundation of the tunnel body through the brackets 101 on both ends of the arch frame 100 and the fixing blocks 102 at the lower end of the brackets 101, ensuring that the frame axis is consistent with the tunnel body axis, so as to provide support for the subsequent support structure. By installing the advanced support component 600, the advanced pipe shed 601 and the middle frame can share the load. Take out the U-shaped block 603 and engage its open end with the annular groove 602 at the end of the advanced pipe shed 601. The lower end of the U-shaped block 603 is inserted into the protective blocks 400 on the outer walls of both ends of the arch frame 100. The external thread on the outer peripheral wall of the lower end of the U-shaped block 603 is engaged with two nuts 604. Tighten the nuts 604 to achieve rigid fixation of the U-shaped block 603 and the protective blocks 400. Simultaneously, connecting bolts are used to connect and fix the connecting blocks 300 on adjacent arch frames 100, so that multiple sets of middle-layer frames form an integral and continuous structure; at this time, the gap reserved between the protective block 400 and the outer wall of the arch frame 100 is the fitting space for subsequent tunnel body pouring operations. Then, concrete with added impermeable agent is poured into the reserved gap between the protective block 400 and the arch frame 100 to form an interlayer waterproof layer. After the concrete is cured and formed, a rigid connection between the protective block 400 and the arch frame 100 is achieved. The impermeable concrete blocks the seepage channels in the tunnel. Subsequently, multiple anchor bolts 200 were installed on the arch frame 100 and the support 101 respectively to form the middle layer of the second layer of support. The anchor bolts 200 were then inserted into the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The anchoring force of the anchor bolts 200 tightly connected the middle layer frame with the surrounding rock, which further improved the overall support's resistance to deformation and reduced the tilting of the middle layer frame due to the displacement of the surrounding rock. Finally, the inner layer of reinforcement support is assembled and the strength is adjusted according to the rock strata: In view of the mechanical properties of different rock strata, a third layer of support is built by the reinforcement component 500, which is the inner layer of reinforcement support; First, the reinforcement component 501 is assembled, and the insert 510 on the bottom surface of the second reinforcing block 508 is inserted into the slot 509 on the top surface of the first reinforcing block 507, so that the limiting blocks 511 on both sides of the insert 510 are inserted into the protrusion of the first reinforcing block 507. Pull the round block 513 to drive the insert rod 512 to slide. At this time, the tension spring 514 is stretched synchronously. After the limiting block 511 is fully aligned with the protrusion, the round block 513 is released, the tension spring 514 is reset, and the insert rod 512 passes through the two limiting blocks 511 and is inserted into the first reinforcing block 507 and the insert 510, thus completing the rapid assembly of the reinforcement component 501; Then, the first bolt 502 passes through the insertion hole of the reinforcement 501 and is threaded to the inner wall of the arch frame 100 and the bracket 101 to fix the reinforcement 501 in the inner layer. If facing soft rock, fractured zones and other strata that require high-strength support, the ferrule 504 is clamped onto the outer wall of the reinforcement 501, and the second bolt 506 on the ferrule 504 is threaded into the screw hole 503 on the inner wall of the reinforcement 501, so that the reinforcing ribs 505 at both ends of the ferrule 504 form additional support and enhance the inner layer reinforcement strength. If facing strata with low support requirements, such as hard rock, loosen the second bolt 506 to remove the sleeve 504 and reinforcing rib 505, or pull the round block 513 to pull out the insert rod 512, and split the first reinforcing block 507 and the second reinforcing block 508 to reduce the number of reinforcement components 500, avoid excessive support and material waste, and adapt to the support requirements of different lithological strata.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-layer support structure for excavating a venting tunnel, characterized in that, include: An arch frame (100) is provided with two supports (101) fixed at both ends of the bottom surface of the arch frame (100), and a fixing block (102) is fixed between the lower ends of the two supports (101). Multiple anchor rods (200) are installed on the arch frame (100) and the supports (101). Connecting blocks (300) are fixed on the outer walls of both ends of the arch frame (100), and protective blocks (400) are fixed on the outer walls of the connecting blocks (300). The connecting blocks (300) and the protective blocks (400) are U-shaped. Reinforcing components (500) are installed on the inner walls of the arch frame (100) and the supports (101). The reinforcement component (500) includes a reinforcement member (501), which has multiple insertion holes. A first bolt (502) is inserted into the insertion hole. The first bolt (502) is threaded to the inner wall of the arch frame (100) and the bracket (101). The inner wall of the reinforcement member (501) has multiple screw holes (503). A sleeve (504) is snapped onto the outer wall of the reinforcement member (501). Reinforcing ribs (505) are fixed at both ends of the sleeve (504). A second bolt (506) is inserted into the sleeve (504). The second bolt (506) is threaded to the screw hole (503).

2. The multi-layer support structure for excavating the venting tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The two adjacent connecting blocks (300) are connected and fixed by connecting bolts, and the two connecting blocks (300) are respectively fixedly connected to the bracket (101).

3. The multi-layer support structure for excavating the venting tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The reinforcement component (501) includes a first reinforcing block (507) and a second reinforcing block (508). The top surface of the first reinforcing block (507) is provided with a slot (509). The second reinforcing block (508) is U-shaped. The bottom surface of the second reinforcing block (508) is fixed with two inserts (510). The inserts (510) are inserted into the slot (509).

4. The multi-layer support structure for excavating the venting tunnel as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Two limiting blocks (511) are provided on both sides of the insert (510), and the inner walls of the limiting blocks (511) are respectively inserted into the protrusions of the first reinforcing block (507).

5. The multi-layer support structure for excavating the venting tunnel as described in claim 4, characterized in that: A rod (512) is slidably connected to one of the limiting blocks (511). A round block (513) is fixedly provided at one end of the rod (512). A tension spring (514) is sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of one end of the rod (512). One end of the tension spring (514) is fixedly connected to the round block (513), and the other end of the tension spring (514) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one of the limiting blocks (511).

6. The multi-layer support structure for excavating the venting tunnel as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The insertion rod (512) is slidably connected to two limiting blocks (511) respectively, and the insertion rod (512) is inserted into the first reinforcing block (507) and the insertion block (510) respectively.

7. The multi-layer support structure for excavating the venting tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The outer peripheral walls of the two protective blocks (400) are provided with a plurality of advanced support components (600). Each advanced support component (600) includes a pipe shed (601). Multiple pipe sheds (601) are provided. Two annular grooves (602) are respectively opened at both ends of the pipe shed (601). U-shaped blocks (603) are snapped into the annular grooves (602). Multiple U-shaped blocks (603) are respectively inserted and matched with the protective blocks (400).

8. The multi-layer support structure for excavating the venting tunnel as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The lower outer peripheral wall of the U-shaped block (603) is provided with external threads, and the lower end of the U-shaped block (603) is threadedly connected to two nuts (604).

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