Precombustion chamber structure and methanol engine

Abstract

The application provides a pre-chamber structure and a methanol engine. The pre-chamber structure comprises a shell, an oil injector, a spark plug and an electric heating plug. The shell is provided with a first mounting hole, a second mounting hole, a third mounting hole, a steam chamber, a pre-chamber and a flow guide. The steam chamber is arranged in a spaced manner with the pre-chamber, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are communicated with the steam chamber, and the third mounting hole is communicated with the pre-chamber. The flow guide communicates the steam chamber with the pre-chamber. The oil injector is mounted in the first mounting hole, the electric heating plug is mounted in the second mounting hole, the injection port of the oil injector is located in the steam chamber, and the heating section of the electric heating plug is at least partially located in the steam chamber. The spark plug is mounted in the third mounting hole, and the end of the spark plug extends into the pre-chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of internal combustion engine technology, and in particular to a pre-combustion chamber structure and a methanol engine. Background Technology

[0002] Methanol, as a clean alternative fuel, has advantages such as wide availability and low combustion emissions. However, methanol fuel also has problems such as high latent heat of vaporization, difficulty in starting at low temperatures, and relatively slow combustion speed.

[0003] In related technologies, methanol is difficult to vaporize quickly in the pre-combustion chamber to form a uniform mixture, resulting in a low ignition success rate. Furthermore, the concentration distribution of methanol in the pre-combustion chamber is uneven, leading to an unstable combustion process and an inability to fully utilize the combustion-supporting function of the pre-combustion chamber. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a pre-combustion chamber structure and a methanol engine.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a pre-combustion chamber structure, the pre-combustion chamber structure including a housing, an injector, a spark plug, and a glow plug;

[0006] The housing is provided with a first mounting hole, a second mounting hole, a third mounting hole, a steam chamber, a pre-combustion chamber, and a guide channel; the steam chamber and the pre-combustion chamber are spaced apart, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole communicate with the steam chamber, and the third mounting hole communicates with the pre-combustion chamber; the guide channel connects the steam chamber and the pre-combustion chamber;

[0007] The fuel injector is installed in the first mounting hole, the glow plug is installed in the second mounting hole, and the injection port of the fuel injector is located in the steam chamber, and the heating section of the glow plug is at least partially located in the steam chamber; the spark plug is installed in the third mounting hole, and the end of the spark plug extends into the pre-combustion chamber.

[0008] In some embodiments, the guide channel includes a first guide section extending from the steam chamber to the pre-combustion chamber, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the first guide section gradually decreases.

[0009] In some embodiments, the guide channel further includes a second guide section located on the side of the first guide section away from the steam chamber and communicating with the first guide section; the cross-sectional area of ​​the second guide section gradually increases from the steam chamber to the pre-combustion chamber.

[0010] In some embodiments, the axis of the first mounting hole intersects the axis of the second mounting hole, and the injection nozzle of the injector faces the side surface of the heating section.

[0011] In some embodiments, the angle between the axis of the first mounting hole and the axis of the second mounting hole is 30° to 60°.

[0012] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between the end of the injector with the injection port and the heating section is greater than or equal to 3 mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the steam chamber includes an upper chamber, a transition chamber, and a lower chamber connected in sequence, with the injector nozzle and at least a portion of the heating section located in the upper chamber, and the guide channel communicating with the lower chamber; the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower chamber is smaller than that of the upper chamber; and the cross-sectional area of ​​the transition chamber decreases from the upper chamber to the lower chamber.

[0014] In some embodiments, the flow channel includes an outlet communicating with the pre-combustion chamber, and the distance between the outlet and the ignition electrode of the spark plug is less than or equal to 20 mm.

[0015] In some embodiments, the housing includes a first housing and a second housing, the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole are provided in the first housing; the second housing and the first housing enclose the pre-combustion chamber, and the bottom of the second housing is provided with an injection hole communicating with the pre-combustion chamber;

[0016] The first housing is provided with a first positioning hole, the second housing is provided with a second positioning hole, and the pre-combustion chamber structure further includes a positioning pin, which is partially located in the first positioning hole and partially located in the second positioning hole.

[0017] A second aspect of this application provides a methanol engine, which includes the pre-combustion chamber structure described above.

[0018] The pre-combustion chamber structure provided in this application, by setting up an independent steam chamber and extending the heating section of the glow plug into the steam chamber, can directly heat the injected methanol fuel, significantly reducing the difficulty of methanol vaporization. Even in low-temperature environments, it can quickly convert methanol fuel into steam, avoiding the problems of ignition failure or incomplete combustion caused by unvaporized liquid methanol fuel entering the pre-combustion chamber, and effectively improving the low-temperature starting performance of methanol engines. Furthermore, the alternating arrangement of the steam chamber and the pre-combustion chamber realizes the step-by-step process of methanol fuel vaporization, mixing, and combustion, avoiding mutual interference between the vaporization and combustion processes, and achieving efficient and stable engine operation.

[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this specification.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-combustion chamber structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a pre-combustion chamber structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the first shell of a pre-combustion chamber structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of portion A of the first housing of the pre-combustion chamber structure provided in the illustrated embodiment;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow channel of a pre-combustion chamber structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second shell of the pre-combustion chamber structure provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments (or "implementations") of this application will be clearly and completely described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0028] If the embodiments of this application contain terms relating to directional indications or positional relationships (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, outside, top, bottom, center, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, counterclockwise, clockwise, axial, radial, circumferential, etc.), such terms are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movements between components in a specific posture (as shown in the attached figures); if the specific posture changes, the directional indications or positional relationships will also change accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of this application are only for descriptive convenience and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] The pre-combustion chamber structure and methanol engine of this application embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the features of the following embodiments and implementation methods can complement or combine with each other.

[0030] This application provides a pre-combustion chamber structure, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the pre-combustion chamber structure includes a housing 10, an injector 20, a glow plug 30, and a spark plug 40. The injector 20 includes an injection port 21 for injecting methanol fuel; the glow plug 30 includes a heating section 31 for heating the methanol fuel; and the spark plug 40 is used to generate an electric spark to ignite the combustible mixture.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the housing 10 is provided with a first mounting hole 11, a second mounting hole 12, a third mounting hole 13, a steam chamber 14, a pre-combustion chamber 15, and a guide channel. The steam chamber 14 and the pre-combustion chamber 15 are spaced apart. The first mounting hole 11 and the second mounting hole 12 are connected to the steam chamber 14, the third mounting hole 13 is connected to the pre-combustion chamber 15, and the guide channel connects the steam chamber 14 and the pre-combustion chamber 15.

[0032] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fuel injector 20 is installed in the first mounting hole 11. The glow plug 30 is installed in the second mounting hole 12, and the injection port 21 of the fuel injector 20 is located within the steam chamber 14. The heating section 31 of the glow plug 30 is at least partially located within the steam chamber 14. The spark plug 40 is installed in the third mounting hole 13, and the end of the spark plug 40 extends into the pre-combustion chamber 15.

[0033] The first mounting hole 11 and the second mounting hole 12 of the pre-combustion chamber structure provided in this application embodiment are both connected to the steam chamber 14 and are used to install the fuel injector 20 and the glow plug 30, respectively, to ensure that the methanol fuel injected by the fuel injector 20 can directly enter the steam chamber 14, and the glow plug 30 can heat and vaporize the methanol fuel in the steam chamber 14. The third mounting hole 13 is connected to the pre-combustion chamber 15 and is used to install the spark plug 40, so that the end of the spark plug 40 can extend into the pre-combustion chamber 15 to provide ignition energy for the mixture in the pre-combustion chamber 15.

[0034] By setting up an independent steam chamber 14 and extending the heating section 31 of the glow plug 30 into the steam chamber 14, the injected methanol fuel can be directly heated, significantly reducing the difficulty of methanol vaporization. Even in low-temperature environments, methanol fuel can be quickly converted into steam, avoiding the problems of ignition failure or incomplete combustion caused by unvaporized liquid methanol fuel entering the pre-combustion chamber, thus effectively improving the low-temperature starting performance of the methanol engine. Furthermore, the steam chamber 14 and the pre-combustion chamber 15 are spaced apart, realizing the stepwise process of methanol fuel vaporization, mixing, and combustion, avoiding mutual interference between the vaporization and combustion processes, and achieving efficient and stable engine operation.

[0035] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the axis of the first mounting hole 11 intersects the axis of the second mounting hole 12, and the injection nozzle 21 of the injector 20 faces the side surface of the heating section 31. When the axis of the first mounting hole 11 intersects the axis of the second mounting hole 12, the axis of the portion of the injector 20 extending into the first mounting hole 11 intersects the axis of the portion of the glow plug 30 extending into the second mounting hole 12. This is more conducive to making the injection nozzle 21 face the heating section 31, and the direction of the methanol fuel jet ejected from the injection nozzle 21 is directly sprayed onto the side surface or near the side surface of the heating section 31, accelerating the vaporization process of methanol fuel and shortening the vaporization time.

[0036] In one embodiment, the angle between the axis of the first mounting hole 11 and the axis of the second mounting hole 12 is 30° to 60°. This arrangement allows the methanol fuel jet ejected by the injector 20 to form a suitable diffusion angle within the steam chamber 14, ensuring that the methanol fuel jet fully covers the side surface of the heating section 31, achieving efficient vaporization of methanol fuel. It also prevents some methanol fuel from being injected onto the wall of the steam chamber 14, causing methanol fuel to condense and adhere to the wall, which helps reduce fuel loss and improve methanol utilization.

[0037] In some embodiments, the angle between the axis of the first mounting hole 11 and the axis of the second mounting hole 12 may be, for example, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, etc.

[0038] In one embodiment, the minimum distance between the end of the injector 20 with the injection port 21 and the heating section 31 is greater than or equal to 3 mm. If the injection port 21 is too close to the heating section 31, the high temperature of the heating section 31 will be transferred to the injector 20 through heat radiation and heat conduction, causing the injector nozzle to overheat and become damaged. When the distance between the injection port 21 and the heating section 31 is greater than or equal to 3 mm, damage to the injector 20 can be avoided, and it can also ensure that the methanol fuel jet forms a stable atomized shape after being sprayed out, and then contacts the heating section 31 for vaporization, thereby improving the uniformity of methanol fuel vaporization.

[0039] In one embodiment, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the steam chamber 14 includes an upper chamber 141, a transition chamber 142, and a lower chamber 143 connected in sequence. The injection port 21 of the injector 20 and at least a portion of the heating section 31 are located in the upper chamber 141, and the guide channel communicates with the lower chamber 143. The cross-sectional area of ​​the lower chamber 143 is smaller than that of the upper chamber 141. From the upper chamber 141 to the lower chamber 143, the cross-sectional area of ​​the transition chamber 142 decreases.

[0040] The upper chamber 141 has a larger volume, providing ample space for the diffusion of the methanol fuel jet injected by the injector 20 and the heating by the glow plug 30, ensuring complete vaporization of methanol. The transition chamber 142 gradually decreases in volume, guiding the methanol vapor in the upper chamber 141 to flow rapidly into the lower chamber 143. The lower chamber 143 has a smaller space, allowing the methanol vapor to form a certain pressure before entering the guide channel, increasing the speed at which the methanol vapor enters the guide channel, thereby improving the methanol vapor delivery efficiency.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the guide channel 16 includes a first guide section 161 extending from the steam chamber 14 to the pre-combustion chamber 15, with the cross-sectional area of ​​the first guide section 161 gradually decreasing. The gradual decrease in cross-sectional area refers to the continuous or stepped reduction in cross-sectional area of ​​the first guide section 161 from the outlet end of the steam chamber 14 to the inlet end of the pre-combustion chamber 15.

[0042] According to the principles of fluid mechanics, under the condition of constant flow rate, a channel with a smaller cross-sectional area will increase the fluid velocity. The gradual reduction of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first guide section 161 can significantly increase the flow velocity of methanol vapor in the steam chamber 14 as it enters the pre-combustion chamber 15, which is beneficial to shorten the mixture formation time and improve the engine response speed.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the guide channel 16 also includes a second guide section 162 located on the side of the first guide section 161 away from the steam chamber 14 and connected to the first guide section 161. From the steam chamber 14 to the pre-combustion chamber 15, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second guide section 162 gradually increases. The gradual increase in cross-sectional area refers to the expansion structure in which the cross-sectional area of ​​the second guide section 162 increases continuously or in a stepped manner from the outlet end of the steam chamber 14 to the inlet end of the pre-combustion chamber 15.

[0044] The expansion structure of the second guide section 162 can reduce the flow rate of methanol vapor before it enters the pre-combustion chamber 15. At the same time, the methanol vapor will diffuse within the second guide section 162, thus distributing more evenly to various areas of the pre-combustion chamber 15. This avoids the problem of uneven mixture concentration caused by local accumulation of methanol vapor in the pre-combustion chamber 15, and further improves the combustion efficiency of methanol vapor.

[0045] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the guide channel 16 includes an outlet 163 communicating with the pre-combustion chamber 15. The distance between the outlet 163 and the ignition electrode of the spark plug 40 is less than or equal to 20 mm. It should be noted that when the outlet 163 is higher than the ignition electrode, the distance between the outlet 163 and the ignition electrode of the spark plug 40 being less than or equal to 20 mm means that the distance between the highest point of the outlet 163 and the ignition electrode is less than or equal to 20 mm; when the outlet 163 is lower than the ignition electrode, the distance between the outlet 163 and the ignition electrode of the spark plug 40 being less than or equal to 20 mm means that the distance between the lowest point of the outlet 163 and the ignition electrode is less than or equal to 20 mm.

[0046] The distance between the outlet 163 of the guide channel 16 and the ignition electrode is less than or equal to 20mm, which allows the methanol vapor entering the pre-combustion chamber 15 from the guide channel 16 to quickly diffuse to the vicinity of the ignition electrode, shortening the time for the mixture to reach the ignition area. This ensures that there is a sufficient concentration of combustible mixture around the ignition electrode when the spark plug ignites, avoiding problems such as ignition delay or ignition failure caused by the delayed arrival of the mixture in the ignition area.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the housing 10 includes a first housing 101, and a first mounting hole 11, a second mounting hole 12, and a third mounting hole 13 are provided in the first housing 101. Figure 3 As shown, the second mounting hole 12 is vertically disposed inside the first housing 101, and the first mounting hole 11 and the third mounting hole 13 are located on the left and right sides of the second mounting hole 12, respectively.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the housing 10 also includes a second housing 102, which together with the first housing 101 forms a pre-combustion chamber 15. The bottom of the second housing 102 is provided with an injection port 1021 that communicates with the pre-combustion chamber 15. The injection port 1021 can communicate with the main combustion chamber of the engine.

[0049] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the bottom of the second housing 102 protrudes away from the pre-combustion chamber 15 to form a protrusion 1022, and a plurality of injection holes 1021 are formed on the protrusion 1022. The arrangement of the injection holes 1021 can be specifically configured according to the position of the engine's main combustion chamber. For example, the plurality of injection holes 1021 can be clustered on one side of the protrusion 1022, or the plurality of injection holes 1021 can be evenly distributed on the protrusion 1022.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, the first housing 101 is provided with a first positioning hole 1011, and the second housing 102 is provided with a second positioning hole 1023. The pre-combustion chamber structure also includes a positioning pin, partly located in the first positioning hole 1011 and partly located in the second positioning hole 1023. Through the cooperation of the positioning pin with the first positioning hole 1011 and the second positioning hole 1023, the first housing 101 and the second housing 102 can be accurately positioned, ensuring that the position of the injection hole of the pre-combustion chamber 15 meets the design requirements after assembly, and avoiding the displacement of the injection hole position of the pre-combustion chamber due to assembly deviation, which would affect the combustion performance.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pre-combustion chamber structure also includes a first sealing element 51. The first sealing element 51 is used to seal the gap between the glow plug 30 and the first housing 101. The first sealing element 51 can prevent methanol vapor from leaking through the gap between the glow plug 30 and the first housing 101, ensuring that all methanol vapor in the vapor chamber enters the pre-combustion chamber 22 through the guide channel 16.

[0052] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pre-combustion chamber structure also includes a second seal 52. The second seal 52 is used to seal the gap between the second housing 102 and the first housing 101, ensuring that all the combustion gases are injected into the main combustion chamber of the engine through the injection port 23.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first seal 51 and the second seal 52 may be metal gaskets, such as copper gaskets, or gaskets made of flexible, high-temperature resistant materials.

[0054] This application also provides a methanol engine, which includes a main combustion chamber and the aforementioned pre-combustion chamber structure. The pre-combustion chamber is directly connected to the main combustion chamber through an injection port at the bottom of the second housing, ensuring that the flame can be directly injected into the main combustion chamber.

[0055] It should be noted that the technical solutions or features described in the above embodiments can be combined or supplemented with each other without conflict. The scope of protection of this application is not limited to the precise structures described in the above embodiments and shown in the accompanying drawings; all modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A pre-combustion chamber structure, characterized in that, The pre-combustion chamber structure includes a housing (10), an injector (20), a spark plug (40), and a glow plug (30); The housing (10) is provided with a first mounting hole (11), a second mounting hole (12), a third mounting hole (13), a steam chamber (14), a pre-combustion chamber (15), and a guide channel (16); the steam chamber (14) and the pre-combustion chamber (15) are spaced apart, the first mounting hole (11) and the second mounting hole (12) are connected to the steam chamber (14), and the third mounting hole (13) is connected to the pre-combustion chamber (15); the guide channel (16) connects the steam chamber (14) and the pre-combustion chamber (15); The injector (20) is installed in the first mounting hole (11), the glow plug (30) is installed in the second mounting hole (12), and the injection port (21) of the injector (20) is located in the steam chamber (14), and the heating section (31) of the glow plug (30) is at least partially located in the steam chamber (14); the spark plug (40) is installed in the third mounting hole (13), and the end of the spark plug (40) extends into the pre-combustion chamber (15).

2. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide channel (16) includes a first guide section (161) extending from the steam chamber (14) to the pre-combustion chamber (15), wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the first guide section (161) gradually decreases.

3. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide channel (16) further includes a second guide section (162) located on the side of the first guide section (161) away from the steam chamber (14) and connected to the first guide section (161); the cross-sectional area of ​​the second guide section (162) gradually increases from the steam chamber (14) to the pre-combustion chamber (15).

4. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of the first mounting hole (11) intersects the axis of the second mounting hole (12), and the injection port (21) of the injector (20) faces the side surface of the heating section (31).

5. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle between the axis of the first mounting hole (11) and the axis of the second mounting hole (12) is 30° to 60°.

6. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the end of the injector (20) with the injection port (21) and the heating section (31) is greater than or equal to 3 mm.

7. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steam chamber (14) includes an upper chamber (141), a transition chamber (142), and a lower chamber (143) connected in sequence. The injection port of the injector (20) and at least a portion of the heating section are located in the upper chamber (141). The guide channel (16) is connected to the lower chamber (143). The cross-sectional area of ​​the lower chamber (143) is smaller than that of the upper chamber (141). The cross-sectional area of ​​the transition chamber (142) decreases from the upper chamber (141) to the lower chamber (143).

8. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow channel (16) includes an outlet (163) communicating with the pre-combustion chamber (15), and the distance between the outlet and the ignition electrode of the spark plug (40) is less than or equal to 20 mm.

9. The pre-combustion chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (10) includes a first housing (10) and a second housing (10), wherein the first mounting hole (11), the second mounting hole (12) and the third mounting hole (13) are provided in the first housing (10); the second housing (10) and the first housing (10) enclose the pre-combustion chamber (15), and the bottom of the second housing (10) is provided with an injection hole (1021) communicating with the pre-combustion chamber (15); The first housing (10) is provided with a first positioning hole (1011), the second housing (10) is provided with a second positioning hole (1023), and the pre-combustion chamber structure further includes a positioning pin, which is partially located in the first positioning hole and partially located in the second positioning hole.

10. A methanol engine, characterized in that, Includes the pre-combustion chamber structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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