A simulation device for a shaking table test

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of simulation devices for shaking table test, including model box (1), rainfall simulation unit (2), temperature control unit (3), underground water control unit (4) and water supply unit (5);The model box (1) is set on shaking table (6), rainfall simulation unit (2) includes the spray head (21) being set in model box (1) upper portion, temperature control unit (3) includes the heat pipe (31) being set in model box (1), underground water control unit (4) includes the pressure water pipe (41) being set in model box (1), and water outlet hole is laid on pressure water pipe (41);Rainfall simulation unit (2) and underground water control unit (4) are all connected water supply unit (5).Compared with prior art, the utility model can be used to study the influence law of product or structure under seasonal freeze-thaw action and groundwater seepage in rainfall process on the seismic performance of its geological structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of simulation device technology, and in particular to a simulation device for vibration table testing. Background Technology

[0002] Shaking table testing is a key engineering testing technique that comprehensively evaluates the performance of products or structures by simulating complex vibration environments they may encounter in actual use. This method can simulate various dynamic conditions such as seismic waveforms, traffic loads, and mechanical vibrations, providing data support for structural dynamic response analysis. It plays an irreplaceable role in assessing the seismic performance of products or structures under natural disasters such as earthquakes, and in improving the safety and reliability of engineering structures.

[0003] Rainfall and earthquakes are the two most significant factors inducing landslides. In-depth research on slope stability under rainfall, earthquake, and the coupled effects of earthquakes and rainfall is of theoretical guiding significance for landslide prediction, forecasting, and slope engineering construction. Patent CN109799048A discloses an artificial rainfall system for a shaking table test model box, including a water supply pipe, a water supply switch, a water storage tank, rainfall pipes, a rainfall system support, sprinkler inlet pipes, and a sprinkler grid, enabling the study of slope stability under the coupled effects of earthquakes and rainfall. However, in some remote areas, such as the mountainous regions of southwestern Sichuan and Tibet, the geological and topographical conditions are complex, with numerous areas of seasonally coarse-grained permafrost. Steep slopes in this coarse-grained permafrost undergo slow sliding or flow under seasonal freeze-thaw cycles. This artificial rainfall system for a shaking table test model box has certain limitations in simulating permafrost and groundwater erosion during rainfall, particularly in simulating freeze-thaw cycles and laminar groundwater flow. Current rainfall systems cannot simulate the complex freeze-thaw processes in nature, thus hindering research on the seismic performance of seasonally permafrost. Furthermore, in terms of groundwater laminar flow simulation, the system is not equipped with a dedicated auxiliary device for simulating groundwater laminar flow, which makes it unable to accurately simulate the dynamic characteristics of groundwater seepage during rainfall. Consequently, it is difficult to obtain the impact of groundwater flow on its seismic performance, thus limiting the overall simulation capability of the hydrogeological environment in seasonally frozen soil areas. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation device for shaking table testing, which can be used to study the influence of groundwater seepage on the seismic performance of geological structures under seasonal freeze-thaw cycles and during rainfall.

[0005] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solution: a simulation device for shaking table testing, comprising a model box, a rainfall simulation unit, a temperature control unit, a groundwater control unit, and a water supply unit;

[0006] The model box is set on the vibration table. The rainfall simulation unit includes a nozzle set above the model box. The temperature control unit includes a heat-conducting pipe set inside the model box. The groundwater control unit includes a pressure water pipe set inside the model box, and the pressure water pipe is provided with water outlet holes.

[0007] Both the rainfall simulation unit and the groundwater control unit are connected to the water supply unit.

[0008] In this invention, the temperature control unit can be used as a cold-melt cycle simulation module to heat or cool the sample in the model box; the groundwater control unit can be used as a groundwater laminar flow simulation module to simulate the flow process of groundwater.

[0009] Preferably, the rainfall simulation unit further includes a frame, and the nozzles are adjustable nozzles mounted on the frame and connected to the water supply unit via a first water delivery pipe.

[0010] More preferably, the frame is a metal frame.

[0011] More preferably, the frame is a gate-shaped frame.

[0012] More preferably, the top of the frame has a mesh structure with a certain number of adjustable nozzles evenly arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0013] More preferably, the first water delivery pipe is equipped with a first water pipe valve and a flow meter.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature control unit further includes an outer pipe and an air conditioning compressor, with the heat pipe connected to the air conditioning compressor via the outer pipe.

[0015] More preferably, multiple layers of U-shaped heat pipes are arranged at different heights inside the model box, and each layer of U-shaped heat pipes is individually connected to an outer pipe through a connecting device.

[0016] More preferably, the connecting device is a copper tube with a single port at one end and a double port at the other end, wherein the double port is connected to a U-shaped heat-conducting pipe and the single port is connected to an outer pipe, and the outside of the connecting device is wrapped with heat-insulating tape.

[0017] More preferably, the heat pipe is a heat-conducting copper pipe, and the inside of the copper pipe contains a certain amount of water as a heat exchange medium.

[0018] More preferably, the outer tube is a flexible tube.

[0019] More preferably, each outer tube is equipped with a temperature regulating valve.

[0020] More preferably, the various external pipes converge at the tail end to form a main air conditioning external pipe, which is then connected to the air conditioning compressor.

[0021] Preferably, the groundwater control unit further includes a drain valve.

[0022] More preferably, the drain valve and the pressure water pipe are respectively located on both sides of the model box.

[0023] More preferably, multiple drain valves are spaced apart along the height direction of the model box.

[0024] Preferably, the pressurized water pipe is connected to the water supply unit through a second water delivery pipe.

[0025] More preferably, the second water delivery pipe is a flexible hose.

[0026] Preferably, two or more pressure water pipes are arranged at different heights in the model box in the direction perpendicular to the heat conduction pipe, and each pressure water pipe is individually connected to a second water delivery pipe.

[0027] More preferably, each of the second water supply pipes is equipped with a second water pipe valve.

[0028] Preferably, the water supply unit includes a water storage tank and a pressure pump that can provide a stable water pressure to the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is connected to the nozzle and the pressure water pipe.

[0029] Preferably, the simulation device for the shaking table test further includes a control unit, which is connected to the shaking table, the rainfall simulation unit, the temperature control unit, the groundwater control unit, and the water supply unit.

[0030] More preferably, the control unit is connected to the drive unit of the vibration table, the first water pipe valve and flow meter of the rainfall simulation unit, the temperature regulating valve of the temperature control unit, the drain valve and second water pipe valve of the groundwater control unit, and the pressure pump of the water supply unit.

[0031] More preferably, the control unit includes a PLC controller.

[0032] Preferably, the model box is a transparent box with an opening at the top, and the sample is placed inside the model box.

[0033] Preferably, the model box is detachably connected to the vibration table via a connecting and fixing device.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. This utility model adds a freeze-thaw cycle and groundwater laminar flow simulation module, which can be used to study the influence of groundwater seepage on the seismic performance of geological structures under seasonal freeze-thaw action and during rainfall, thereby improving the overall simulation capability of hydrogeological environment in seasonally frozen soil areas.

[0036] 2. This utility model, through the coordinated setup of a rainfall simulation unit, a temperature control unit, and a groundwater control unit, can simulate the coupled effects of multiple factors including vibration, rainfall, temperature, and groundwater, realistically simulating the complex natural environmental conditions of permafrost regions. It provides comprehensive and realistic experimental conditions for studying the hydrogeological characteristics, slope stability, and seismic performance of structures in permafrost regions, and helps to improve the reliability and scientific nature of related engineering designs.

[0037] 3. This invention, through the longitudinal spacing of heat-conducting pipes within the model chamber and the separate connection to external pipes, enables modular control of the longitudinal temperature within the model chamber. Temperature control at each depth level is independent of each other, facilitating accurate simulation of longitudinal temperature gradient changes in soil layers at different depths within the natural environment. This ensures that the temperature field distribution during the experiment more closely matches actual working conditions. It not only improves the accuracy and flexibility of temperature control but also effectively avoids mutual influence between temperatures of different layers, thus providing more reliable experimental conditions for studying the complex thermo-mechanical coupling effects in permafrost regions.

[0038] 4. This invention, through the vertical arrangement of the pressure water pipe and the heat conduction pipe, enables precise control of water pressure and temperature in different areas within the model chamber. Their vertical distribution prevents interference, effectively avoiding the problems of large errors and low accuracy in traditional parallel layouts of hydrothermal coupling simulations. This provides more reliable and realistic experimental conditions for studying the impact of hydrothermal coupling on geological structures and engineering performance.

[0039] 5. This invention, by installing two or more pressure water pipes at different heights within the model box, each individually connected to a second water delivery pipe, enables precise stratified control of water pressure at different depths within the soil layer. This simulates varying groundwater levels and seepage conditions, thus avoiding the shortcomings of traditional single-point water pressure systems that cannot accurately reflect the hydrological characteristics of multi-layered soil. Through multi-point, stratified water pressure application, the flow state of groundwater in different soil layers and changes in hydraulic gradients can be simulated more realistically, providing more precise and flexible experimental conditions for studying the impact of groundwater seepage on soil mechanical properties, slope stability, and seismic response.

[0040] 6. This utility model, through the flexible design of the outer pipe and the second water delivery pipe, ensures fluid delivery without affecting the vibration of the vibration table. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulation device of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulation device of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0043] In the diagram: 1-Model box, 2-Rainfall simulation unit, 21-Sprinkler head, 22-Frame, 23-First water supply pipe, 3-Temperature control unit, 31-Heat pipe, 32-Outer pipe, 33-Air conditioning compressor, 4-Groundwater control unit, 41-Pressure water pipe, 42-Drain valve, 43-Second water supply pipe, 5-Water supply unit, 51-Water storage tank, 52-Pressure pump, 6-Vibration table, a-First water pipe valve, b-Flow meter, c-Temperature regulating valve, d-Second water pipe valve. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, providing detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0045] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0046] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A simulation device for shaking table testing, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes model box 1, rainfall simulation unit 2, temperature control unit 3, groundwater control unit 4, and water supply unit 5.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the rainfall simulation unit 2 includes a nozzle 21, the temperature control unit 3 includes a heat-conducting pipe 31, and the groundwater control unit 4 includes a pressure water pipe 41. The model box 1 is placed on the vibration table 6, the nozzle 21 is located above the model box 1, and the heat-conducting pipe 31 and the pressure water pipe 41 are set inside the model box 1. The pressure water pipe 41 is provided with water outlet holes.

[0050] In this embodiment, the water supply unit 5 is connected to the rainfall simulation unit 2 and the groundwater control unit 4, and can supply water to the rainfall simulation unit 2 and the groundwater control unit 4 as needed. Water is sprayed from the nozzle 21 to the model box 1 to simulate rainfall. Water can flow into the sample in the model box 1 from the outlet of the pressure water pipe 41 to simulate groundwater.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A simulation device for shaking table testing includes a rainfall simulation unit 2 comprising a nozzle 21, a frame 22, and a first water supply pipe 23; a temperature control unit 3 comprising a heat conduction pipe 31, an outer pipe 32, and an air conditioning compressor 33; a groundwater control unit 4 comprising a pressure water pipe 41, a drain valve 42, and a second water supply pipe 43; and a water supply unit 5 comprising a water storage tank 51 and a pressure pump 52.

[0053] Specifically, the nozzle 21 is mounted on the frame 22 and connected to the water storage tank 51 via the first water supply pipe 23. The heat conduction pipe 31 is installed inside the model box 1 and connected to the air conditioning compressor 33 via the outer pipe 32. The pressure water pipe 41 is installed inside the model box 1 and connected to the water storage tank 51 via the second water supply pipe 43. The drain valve 42 is mounted on the model box 1, and the water storage tank 51 is connected to the pressure pump 52. The rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A simulation device for vibration table testing includes a second water supply pipe 43, which is a flexible hose. One end is connected to a pressure water pipe 41, and the other end is connected to a water storage tank 51 via a first water supply pipe 23. A first water pipe valve a and a second water pipe valve d are respectively installed on the first water supply pipe 23 and the second water supply pipe 43. A flow meter b is also installed at the inlet end of the first water supply pipe 23. The outer pipe 32 is a flexible hose, with one end connected to a heat-conducting pipe 31 and the other end connected to an air conditioning compressor 33. A temperature regulating valve c is installed on the outer pipe 32.

[0056] Furthermore, in this embodiment, multiple layers of heat-conducting pipes 31 are arranged at different heights of the model box 1, and each layer of heat-conducting copper pipes is individually connected to an outer pipe 32. Pressure water pipes 41 are arranged at different heights of the model box 1 in a direction perpendicular to the heat-conducting pipes 31, and each pressure water pipe 41 is individually connected to a second water supply pipe 43. Drain valves 42 are vertically spaced on the side of the model box 1 away from the pressure water pipes 41. The rest is the same as in embodiment 2.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] This embodiment constructs a rainfall simulation device (rainfall simulation unit 2), a temperature control device (temperature control unit 3), and a groundwater control system (groundwater control unit 4) based on the shaking table test instrument.

[0059] (1) The rainfall simulation device mainly consists of a pressure pump 52, a water storage tank 51, an adjustable nozzle 21, and a metal frame 22. The function of the pressure pump 52 is to provide stable water pressure to ensure that water can be drawn from the water storage tank 51 and sprayed out through the adjustable nozzle 21. The function of the water storage tank 51 is to provide sufficient water to ensure that the rainfall simulation can proceed normally. The air outlet of the pressure pump 52 is connected to the air inlet of the water storage tank 51 through a plastic hose to ensure stable air pressure transmission. A water outlet is provided at the lower end of the water storage tank 51, which is connected to the nozzle system through a large water pipe. At the connection between this large water pipe and the water outlet of the water storage tank 51, a high-precision flow meter b is installed to monitor and record the rainfall during the experiment in real time to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data. The metal frame 22 serves as the supporting structure for the entire rainfall simulation device. The top of the frame 22 is designed with a grid structure, and a certain number of adjustable nozzles 21 are evenly arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions. These nozzles 21 can be adjusted in angle and flow rate according to experimental needs to simulate different types of rainfall patterns. Each nozzle 21 is connected to a large water pipe through a thin water pipe. These thin water pipes eventually converge into a large water pipe to ensure smooth and uniform water flow.

[0060] Step 1: After the sample preparation is completed, turn on the power switch of the pressure pump 52 to increase the air pressure inside the pressure pump 52. The water in the water tank 51 is driven by the pressure and flows through the connected water pipe to the adjustable nozzle 21. The water is evenly sprayed into the model box 1 through the adjustable nozzle 21.

[0061] Step 2: During the experiment, monitor the reading of flow meter b in real time and record the rainfall. Based on the rainfall conditions specified in the experiment, control the pressure of pressure pump 52 and adjust the size of the nozzle 21 outlet to simulate different conditions such as light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, and torrential rain.

[0062] Step 3: When the rainfall reaches the expected value of the test, reduce the pressure in the pressure pump 52 to slow down the water flow and at the same time close the valve on the water pipe to stop the rainfall.

[0063] (2) The temperature control device mainly consists of heat-conducting copper pipes (heat-conducting pipes 31), outer pipes 32, and a compressor (air conditioning compressor 33). The heat-conducting copper pipes are the main heat exchange components of the temperature control device and have high thermal conductivity. Multiple layers of heat-conducting copper pipes are laid at different heights in the model box 1, and each layer of heat-conducting copper pipes is individually connected to an outer pipe 32 to ensure that the temperature control of each height layer does not interfere with each other. To further enhance the flexibility of control, each air conditioning outer pipe 32 is equipped with an individual valve. By adjusting these valves, the temperature change of each height layer can be precisely controlled. All outer pipes 32 converge at the tail end into a main air conditioning outer pipe, the other end of which is connected to the compressor. This device can simulate the freezing and melting process of water in the soil at different heights. This simulation is of great significance for understanding soil moisture dynamics, predicting frozen soil behavior, and assessing the impact of environmental changes on soil. The independent control capability of the device enables researchers to conduct complex temperature gradient experiments, thereby conducting in-depth research on the physical and chemical processes under different environmental conditions.

[0064] For example, when the research object is glacial till, the ice between soil particles will melt during the process from field sampling to indoor testing. Using the above-mentioned device in combination with photos taken from field sampling can largely reproduce the real condition of the soil on site and improve the reliability of indoor shaking table test results.

[0065] Step 1: Prepare the sample in model box 1. Determine the location where temperature control is required according to the test requirements. Open the regulating valve of the layer that needs temperature control and close the regulating valve of the other layers.

[0066] Step 2: Turn on the air conditioning compressor 33 to heat or cool down each layer of the sample. At the same time, closely observe the freezing or melting of water inside the sample. Based on the photos taken on site, dynamically control the temperature of the air conditioning compressor 33 to make the distribution of ice and water inside the sample similar to that on site.

[0067] Step 3: After the expected effect of the sample is achieved, turn off the power supply of the air conditioning compressor 33 and the regulating valves of the air conditioning external pipes 32 on each floor, and then conduct a vibration table test.

[0068] (3) The groundwater control system mainly consists of a pressure water pipe 41, a water storage tank 51, a pressure pump 52, and a drain valve 42. Two pressure water pipes 41 are installed at different heights in the model box 1, perpendicular to the heat-conducting copper pipes. One end of the pressure water pipe 41 is connected to the water storage tank 51 via a flexible hose. The groundwater control system and the rainfall device share a water supply device (since the groundwater control system is mainly used in the test preparation stage, while the rainfall device is mainly used in the test stage, the water supply device can meet the needs of supplying water to one system in a single stage). Water outlets are installed at certain intervals on each pressure water pipe 41, allowing water to flow evenly into the sample, thereby simulating the natural flow process of groundwater. A certain number of drain valves 42 are installed at different heights on the left side of the model box 1. Opening or closing them according to the test requirements can simulate laminar flow and other conditions.

[0069] Step 1: Determine the groundwater level according to the test requirements, close the drain valve 42 on the left side of model box 1, turn on the power of pressure pump 52, increase the pressure in pressure pump 52 to force the water in water storage tank 51 into model box 1 through water pipe. When the water level in model box 1 is about to reach the specified groundwater level, slowly reduce the pressure of pressure pump 52, and at the same time close the valve connecting the two pressure water pipes 41 to ensure that the water level is controlled within the expected range, and avoid too much or too little water affecting the test results.

[0070] Step 2: (If laminar flow needs to be simulated), first close the drain valve 42 on the left side of model box 1, turn on the power of pressure pump 52, increase the pressure in pressure pump 52 to force the water in water storage tank 51 into model box 1 through water pipe. When the water level in model box 1 reaches the specified groundwater level, open the drain valve 42 below the water level line, and at the same time adjust the pressure of pressure pump 52 to keep the water level line in model box 1 unchanged to simulate laminar flow conditions.

[0071] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation device for shaking table testing, characterized in that, It includes a model box (1), a rainfall simulation unit (2), a temperature control unit (3), a groundwater control unit (4), and a water supply unit (5). The model box (1) is set on the vibration table (6); The rainfall simulation unit (2) includes a frame (22) and a nozzle (21) set above the model box (1). The nozzle (21) is an adjustable nozzle set on the frame (22) and is connected to the water supply unit (5) through the first water supply pipe (23). The temperature control unit (3) includes a heat pipe (31) installed in the model box (1), an outer pipe (32) and an air conditioning compressor (33), and the heat pipe (31) is connected to the air conditioning compressor (33) through the outer pipe (32); The groundwater control unit (4) includes a pressure water pipe (41) installed in the model box (1), and water outlet holes are provided on the pressure water pipe (41); the pressure water pipe (41) is connected to the water supply unit (5) through a second water supply pipe (43), and the second water supply pipe (43) is a flexible hose; The rainfall simulation unit (2) and the groundwater control unit (4) are both connected to the water supply unit (5).

2. The simulation device for shaking table testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first water delivery pipe (23) is equipped with a first water pipe valve (a) and a flow meter (b).

3. The simulation device for shaking table testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model box (1) is equipped with multiple layers of heat pipes (31) at different heights, and each layer of heat pipes (31) is individually connected to an outer pipe (32).

4. The simulation device for shaking table testing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat-conducting pipe (31) is a heat-conducting copper pipe, and the outer pipe (32) is a flexible hose. Each outer pipe (32) is equipped with a temperature regulating valve (c). The outer pipes (32) converge at the tail end to form a main air conditioning outer pipe, which is connected to the air conditioning compressor (33).

5. The simulation device for shaking table testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groundwater control unit (4) also includes a drain valve (42), and the drain valve (42) and the pressure water pipe (41) are respectively set on both sides of the model box (1).

6. The simulation device for shaking table testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two or more pressure water pipes (41) are arranged at different heights in the model box (1) in the direction perpendicular to the heat conduction pipe (31). Each pressure water pipe (41) is connected to a second water delivery pipe (43), and each second water delivery pipe (43) is equipped with a second water pipe valve (d).

7. The simulation device for shaking table testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water supply unit (5) includes a water storage tank (51) and a pressure pump (52) that can provide a stable water pressure to the water storage tank (51). The water storage tank (51) is connected to the nozzle (21) and the pressure water pipe (41).

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