An integrated charging control detection circuit on an automotive vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of automobile electronic technology discloses an integrated charging control detection circuit on motor vehicle, include: the main power path between magnetoelectric machine and battery, the battery end current detection module is electrically connected on main power path for detecting the charge -discharge current of battery, voltage detection module, temperature detection module, first metal oxide semiconductor tube MOSB and second metal oxide semiconductor tube MOSA, micro control unit MCU, communication module, in the utility model, through battery end and magnetoelectric machine end current detection module, voltage detection module and temperature detection module, gather signal unified input micro control unit MCU and carry out real -time analysis, when battery voltage reaches the preset threshold value, current exceeds the scope or temperature is unusual, MCU immediately controls cut -off charging passage, realizes all -round intelligent monitoring and active protection to the charging process, promotes the security and reliability of system operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automotive electronics technology, and in particular to an integrated charging control and detection circuit for motor vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In current automotive electronics, after the vehicle engine starts, a magneto generates electricity, which is used to charge the battery and power various electrical loads in the vehicle. Most current vehicle models rely on physical fuses for current-limiting protection, commonly 15A or 30A. The entire vehicle wiring harness is centralized in a fuse box, and the power supply path consists of fuses, relays, loads, and the battery connected in series. The magneto's charging of the battery is also protected by the fuse. This structure controls the power supply logic through physical switches or relays, and the magneto's output current simultaneously charges the battery and powers the loads via the fuse.

[0003] However, in current technology, the charging control circuit relies on physical fuse protection. Even if the battery is fully charged, it will continue to charge until the fuse blows or the circuit is damaged. It cannot actively cut off the charging path, which can easily lead to the battery charging for a long time, affecting its health and shortening its lifespan. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides an integrated charging control and detection circuit for motor vehicles, aiming to improve the problem that the inability to actively cut off the charging path can easily lead to prolonged battery charging, affecting battery health and shortening its lifespan.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an integrated charging control and detection circuit for motor vehicles, comprising: a main power supply path between a magneto and a battery;

[0006] The battery current detection module is electrically connected to the main power path to detect the charging and discharging current of the battery and electrically connects the detection signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0007] The voltage detection module is electrically connected to the battery terminal and the charging input terminal. It is used to sample the battery terminal voltage and the input charging voltage, and electrically connects the detection signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0008] The temperature detection module is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU) and is used to monitor the temperature of the power devices.

[0009] The first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) are connected in series in the main power path between the magneto and the battery, serving as a controllable switch for the charging and discharging circuit.

[0010] The drive control circuit IC is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit MCU and is used to provide drive levels for the first metal oxide semiconductor transistor MOSB and the second metal oxide semiconductor transistor MOSA according to the control signal of the microcontroller unit MCU.

[0011] The microcontroller unit (MCU) sends control signals to the drive control circuit (IC) based on the detection signals to control the switching of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA).

[0012] The communication module, electrically connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU), is used to send detection and control information to the control system of the motor vehicle.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, the circuit sets up a main power path between the magneto and the battery. The relevant signals are transmitted to the microcontroller unit (MCU) through the battery terminal current detection, voltage detection and temperature detection modules. The MCU, together with the drive control circuit, controls the two power MOSFETs connected in series on the main power path to realize the on and off of the charging and discharging path. At the same time, the communication module sends the monitoring and control information to the vehicle control system to realize intelligent management of the charging process.

[0014] Preferably, the circuit further includes a main power supply load and a magneto terminal current detection module;

[0015] The main power load is electrically connected to the main power path through the main power load branch;

[0016] The above technical solution enables the detection of magneto output current while supplying power to the main power load, facilitating the microcontroller unit (MCU) to monitor and protect the power supply status, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the vehicle power system.

[0017] Preferably, the magneto terminal current detection module is electrically connected to the main power load branch and is used to detect the current supplied to the main power load.

[0018] The above technical solution enables the microcontroller unit (MCU) to monitor the output power supply status of the magneto in real time, promptly identify abnormal currents and implement control measures, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the main power load and improving the safety and reliability of the vehicle's power system.

[0019] Preferably, when the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the battery voltage has reached a preset threshold, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

[0020] Through the above technical solution, the microcontroller unit (MCU) can actively cut off the charging path when the battery voltage reaches a set threshold, preventing the battery from continuing to charge, thereby preventing overcharging, extending battery life and improving the safety of system operation.

[0021] Preferably, when the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the current exceeds a preset range, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

[0022] Through the above technical solution, the microcontroller unit (MCU) can promptly shut off the charging path when it detects an abnormal increase in current, preventing overcurrent from damaging the battery, wiring harness, and related devices, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the power system.

[0023] Preferably, when the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

[0024] Through the above technical solution, the microcontroller unit (MCU) can promptly cut off the charging path when it detects an abnormal increase in temperature of the power device or charging path, preventing device failure or safety accidents caused by overheating, thereby ensuring stable circuit operation and improving safety.

[0025] Preferably, the communication module is electrically connected to the vehicle control system via an on-board communication bus, and is used to send real-time detection information from the current detection module, voltage detection module, and temperature detection module, as well as control status information from the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0026] Through the above technical solution, the communication module can transmit the detection data of current, voltage, and temperature, as well as the control status of the microcontroller unit (MCU), to the vehicle control system in real time, realizing centralized monitoring and information sharing of the charging process, thereby improving the intelligence and visualization level of vehicle power management.

[0027] Preferably, the drive control circuit includes a boost circuit for providing gate drive levels for the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA).

[0028] Through the above technical solution, the boost circuit in the drive control circuit can provide the required gate drive level for the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA), ensuring that the power devices can reliably turn on or off under high voltage and high current conditions, thereby achieving stable control of the charging path and improving the reliability of system operation.

[0029] Preferably, the integrated charging control and detection circuit can be used as a standalone module or integrated with the vehicle's electronic control system.

[0030] Through the above technical solutions, the integrated charging control and detection circuit can be deployed as an independent module between the magneto and the battery, or it can be integrated with the vehicle's electronic control system to achieve flexible application methods, thereby improving the circuit's versatility and expandability, and making it easier for different vehicle models and platforms to select.

[0031] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. In this utility model, the current detection module, voltage detection module and temperature detection module at the battery end and magneto end are used to uniformly input the collected signals into the microcontroller unit (MCU) for real-time analysis. When the battery voltage reaches the preset threshold, the current exceeds the range or the temperature is abnormal, the MCU immediately controls the disconnection of the charging path, thereby realizing comprehensive intelligent monitoring and active protection of the charging process and improving the safety and reliability of the system operation.

[0033] 4. Establish a data connection with the vehicle control system through the vehicle communication bus to realize information exchange during the charging process. Battery voltage, current, temperature and the control status of the microcontroller unit (MCU) can be transmitted in real time, which facilitates unified management and fault diagnosis of the whole vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This utility model presents an architecture diagram of an integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 One embodiment of this utility model is an integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle, comprising: a main power path between a magneto and a battery;

[0037] The battery current detection module is electrically connected to the main power path to detect the charging and discharging current of the battery and electrically connects the detection signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0038] The voltage detection module is electrically connected to the battery terminal and the charging input terminal. It is used to sample the battery terminal voltage and the input charging voltage, and electrically connects the detection signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0039] The temperature detection module is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU) and is used to monitor the temperature of the power devices.

[0040] The first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) are connected in series in the main power path between the magneto and the battery, serving as a controllable switch for the charging and discharging circuit.

[0041] The drive control circuit IC is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit MCU and is used to provide drive levels for the first metal oxide semiconductor transistor MOSB and the second metal oxide semiconductor transistor MOSA according to the control signal of the microcontroller unit MCU.

[0042] The microcontroller unit (MCU) sends control signals to the drive control circuit (IC) based on the detection signals to control the switching of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA).

[0043] The communication module, electrically connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU), is used to send detection and control information to the control system of the motor vehicle.

[0044] Specifically, the main power path consists of a high-current branch from the magneto to the battery. A charge and discharge control and detection circuit is added to the original power supply topology of the magneto, fuse box, and load / battery, so that the path has controllable switching and multi-parameter monitoring capabilities. During operation, the main power path is maintained by the battery before the engine starts. After the engine starts, the magneto takes over the main power supply and charges the battery. The control and detection functions are directly arranged on the main path to achieve centralized management of the entire energy chain and improve the controllability and monitorability of the path.

[0045] The battery current detection module can use Hall current sensing devices or sampling resistors in conjunction with high-side operational amplifiers to obtain information on the magnitude and direction of the current and send it to the control algorithm. This information is used to determine the charging stage (constant current / constant voltage) and cutoff conditions, as well as to identify abnormal currents in advance to avoid overcurrent causing risks to the battery or wiring harness.

[0046] The voltage detection module samples the battery terminal voltage and the charging input voltage and sends them to the microcontroller unit (MCU). It uses a resistor divider with isolation / filtering and connects to the analog-to-digital conversion channel of the controller. The control program uses this to determine the overvoltage or undervoltage state and controls the shutdown when the set charging threshold is reached, thereby completing the management of the constant voltage stage and the charging cutoff.

[0047] The temperature detection module is placed close to the power device (such as power MOSFET, heat sink of driver chip, etc.) and sends the detected device or path temperature signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU). Using NTC thermistor or temperature sensor with signal conditioning circuit, it realizes continuous monitoring of the heat-generating part. When the temperature exceeds the set threshold, the control program executes derating or shutdown to avoid thermal runaway and facilitate fault early warning.

[0048] The first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) are connected in series in the main power path. Based on the vehicle's voltage and current levels, N-channel power MOS devices are selected according to the maximum charging current and thermal design. Under the control logic, the two MOS devices are controlled to turn on / off to establish or cut off the charging path, realizing electronic control and safety linkage of the circuit.

[0049] The drive control circuit IC is located between the microcontroller unit (MCU) and the power MOS. It is responsible for generating an appropriate gate drive level and driving the switch according to the control command. It uses a dedicated charging chip with MOS on / off control capability, or adopts a discrete solution to build a boost / gate drive circuit to meet the power MOS's requirement for higher gate-source voltage. The MCU outputs logic control signals, which are then level-shifted and driven by the drive circuit to ensure the reliability and fast response of the MOS switch.

[0050] The microcontroller unit (MCU) collects current, voltage, and temperature data, executes charging and discharging control strategies, and sends control commands to the drive control circuit. These commands include power-on self-test, path and input determination, constant current stage, constant voltage stage, threshold cutoff, abnormal handling (overcurrent, overvoltage, overtemperature, etc.), and information reporting. Under different vehicle operating conditions (engine not started / after starting), the MCU controls the on / off state of the power MOS according to logic to switch between power supply and charging states.

[0051] The communication module is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU). Its communication content includes key quantities such as battery terminal voltage, current, temperature, and charging circuit status, which facilitates status identification and operation and maintenance management on the vehicle side, making the charging and discharging process transparent and visible.

[0052] The circuit also includes a main power supply load and a magneto terminal current detection module;

[0053] Among them, the main power load is electrically connected to the main power path through the main power load branch;

[0054] The magneto terminal current detection module is electrically connected to the main power load branch and is used to detect the current supplied to the main power load.

[0055] Specifically, the main power load is electrically connected to the main power path through an independent main power load branch. It is used to obtain the output power of the magneto when it is running, so as to maintain the operation of various electrical equipment such as vehicle lights, air conditioning, and instruments. The magneto end current detection module is arranged on the main power load branch. It is used to detect the current when the magneto supplies power to the main power load in real time and output a detection signal. After the detection result is collected by the microcontroller unit (MCU), it is processed together with information such as battery end current detection, voltage detection, and temperature detection, so as to realize comprehensive monitoring of the main power supply branch of the whole vehicle. When the magneto output current is abnormal or exceeds the set range, the control system can take timely measures, such as cutting off the switching transistor or issuing an alarm, to ensure the safety and stability of the main power load and the overall power supply system of the vehicle.

[0056] When the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the battery voltage has reached a preset threshold, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

[0057] When the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the current exceeds a preset range, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

[0058] When the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

[0059] Specifically, the microcontroller unit (MCU) collects real-time data from the voltage detection module, current detection module, and temperature detection module, and compares it with preset thresholds. When the MCU detects that the battery voltage reaches the set voltage threshold, the charging / discharging current exceeds the preset range, or the power device temperature exceeds the safety threshold, it immediately executes the control program and sends a shutdown command to the drive control circuit. This causes the drive circuit to cut off the gate drive level of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA), thereby disconnecting the charging path. This achieves active protection of the charging path under various operating conditions such as battery charging, current overload, and abnormal device heating, improving the intelligence and safety of the charging process, avoiding battery overcharging, line overcurrent, and device overheating, thus ensuring battery life and the reliable operation of the vehicle's power system.

[0060] The communication module is electrically connected to the vehicle control system via the vehicle communication bus. It is used to send real-time detection information from the current detection module, voltage detection module, and temperature detection module, as well as control status information from the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0061] Specifically, the communication module is electrically connected to the vehicle control system via the vehicle communication bus to achieve data interaction with the vehicle ECU. The communication module packages and sends the real-time detection information collected by the current detection module, voltage detection module, and temperature detection module, as well as the control status information of the microcontroller unit (MCU), to the vehicle control system. This can be accomplished through common vehicle communication protocols such as CAN bus or LIN bus, thereby ensuring that the vehicle control system can monitor the working parameters and switching status of the charging and discharging circuit in real time. This enables centralized management and anomaly diagnosis during vehicle operation, enhancing the visualization and intelligence level of the vehicle power management system.

[0062] The drive control circuit includes a boost circuit for providing gate drive levels for the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA).

[0063] Specifically, the drive control circuit includes a boost circuit, which is composed of discrete components or a dedicated driver chip. It is used to boost the low-voltage control signal to a gate voltage suitable for driving the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA). This ensures that the two power MOS transistors can reliably turn on or off under high voltage and high current conditions. The logic control signal output by the microcontroller unit (MCU) is applied to the gate of the MOS transistor after level conversion by the drive control circuit, thereby realizing the on / off control of the main power path. This ensures the stability and fast response of the charge / discharge switch control, avoids device overheating or failure due to insufficient drive, and thus improves the reliability of the vehicle power system.

[0064] The integrated charging control and detection circuit can be used as a standalone module or integrated with the vehicle's electronic control system.

[0065] Specifically, the integrated charging control and detection circuit can be designed as a separate circuit module and installed directly between the magneto and the battery to monitor and control the charging path. Alternatively, it can be integrated with the vehicle's electronic control system, merging voltage, current, and temperature detection functions, as well as the control logic of the microcontroller unit (MCU), into the vehicle's existing control unit. Management is accomplished through a unified software and communication interface. This dual-mode implementation allows the circuit to be flexibly deployed in different vehicle models and architectures, improving its versatility and scalability.

[0066] Working Principle: The integrated charging control and detection circuit is located between the magneto and the battery. When the magneto is not working, the battery maintains the main power path. When the magneto generates electricity normally, it simultaneously charges the battery and supplies power to the main power load through the main power path. The battery current detection module detects the battery's charging and discharging current, the magneto current detection module detects the magneto's output current to the main power load, the voltage detection module collects the battery voltage and input charging voltage, and the temperature detection module monitors the temperature of the power devices. All detection signals are input to the microcontroller unit (MCU), which analyzes the detection data in real time and compares it with preset thresholds. When the voltage, current, and temperature are within the normal range, the MCU sends a signal to the first... The metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) provide gate drive levels to enable them to conduct, ensuring normal charging and power supply. When the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the battery voltage reaches a preset threshold, the current exceeds a preset range, or the temperature exceeds a safety threshold, it immediately outputs a shutdown signal to the drive control circuit, causing the first MOSB and the second MOSA to disconnect, cutting off the charging path and thus protecting the battery and the main power path. At the same time, the communication module transmits information such as current, voltage, temperature, and control status to the vehicle control system through the vehicle communication bus for centralized management and fault diagnosis, thereby forming a closed-loop working mechanism of detection, control, protection, and information interaction.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle, characterized in that, include: The main power path between the magneto and the battery; The battery current detection module is electrically connected to the main power path to detect the charging and discharging current of the battery and electrically connects the detection signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU). The voltage detection module is electrically connected to the battery terminal and the charging input terminal. It is used to sample the battery terminal voltage and the input charging voltage, and electrically connects the detection signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU). The temperature detection module is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU) and is used to monitor the temperature of the power devices. The first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) are connected in series in the main power path between the magneto and the battery, serving as a controllable switch for the charging and discharging circuit. The drive control circuit IC is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit MCU and is used to provide drive levels for the first metal oxide semiconductor transistor MOSB and the second metal oxide semiconductor transistor MOSA according to the control signal of the microcontroller unit MCU. The microcontroller unit (MCU) sends control signals to the drive control circuit (IC) based on the detection signals to control the switching of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA). The communication module, electrically connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU), is used to send detection and control information to the control system of the motor vehicle.

2. The integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit also includes a main power supply load and a magneto terminal current detection module. The main power load is electrically connected to the main power path through the main power load branch; The magneto terminal current detection module is electrically connected to the main power load branch and is used to detect the current supplied to the main power load.

3. The integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the battery voltage has reached a preset threshold, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

4. The integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the current exceeds a preset range, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

5. The integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the microcontroller unit (MCU) detects that the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, it controls the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA) to disconnect.

6. The integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module is electrically connected to the vehicle control system via the vehicle communication bus, and is used to send real-time detection information from the current detection module, voltage detection module, and temperature detection module, as well as control status information from the microcontroller unit (MCU).

7. The integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive control circuit includes a boost circuit for providing gate drive levels for the first metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSB) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOSA).

8. The integrated charging control and detection circuit for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated charging control and detection circuit can be used as a standalone module or integrated with the vehicle's electronic control system.

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