A multifunctional photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application relates to a multifunctional photovoltaic module, which comprises a laminated piece, a fireproof back plate and a frame, the laminated piece comprises a back plate glass; the fireproof back plate is arranged below the back plate glass and is connected to the back plate glass, and the fireproof back plate has a fire-retardant effect; the frame is provided with a mounting groove, and the laminated piece and the fireproof back plate are arranged in the mounting groove. The multifunctional photovoltaic module has the advantages that the fireproof back plate with the fire-retardant effect is arranged below the back plate glass, the fireproof grade of the photovoltaic module is improved, compared with the scheme in the prior art in which a metal plate is simply used as the back plate, the stability in a high-temperature environment is significantly improved, reliable fireproof protection can be provided in a fire scene, and the flame spreading is effectively blocked. Moreover, the connecting structure of the fireproof back plate and the back plate glass can effectively block the glass fragments from falling when the laminated piece is damaged by external force, and the safety hidden danger is avoided; meanwhile, the mounting groove of the frame stably fixes the laminated piece and the fireproof back plate, and the mechanical strength of the whole module is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a multifunctional photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the global green energy transition has accelerated, and the photovoltaic industry, as a core representative of renewable energy, has experienced rapid development. However, with the construction of large-scale ground-mounted power plants approaching saturation and high-quality land resources becoming increasingly scarce, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has gradually become the focus of industry attention as a replacement market.

[0003] Currently, most photovoltaic module products on the market are designed with a single-glass or double-glass structure paired with a traditional frame. In some existing technologies, to improve module performance, a metal plate is directly placed on the backsheet of the laminate, utilizing the properties of metal to achieve a certain level of mechanical strength or fire resistance.

[0004] However, relying solely on metal plates as back panels may not meet fire resistance requirements, and metal plates lack stability at high temperatures, making it difficult to provide reliable fire protection in fire scenarios. Furthermore, when components of existing technologies are damaged by external forces, the metal back panel may shatter due to its high rigidity, causing fragments to fall and posing a significant safety risk. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multifunctional photovoltaic module to address the problem of low fire resistance of laminated components.

[0006] A multifunctional photovoltaic module, the multifunctional photovoltaic module comprising:

[0007] Laminates, including back glass;

[0008] A fireproof back panel is disposed below the back panel glass and connected to the back panel glass, and the fireproof back panel has a flame-retardant function.

[0009] The frame has a mounting groove, and the laminate and the fireproof backing are disposed in the mounting groove.

[0010] In one embodiment, the fireproof back panel is a metal plate, which is bonded to the back panel glass.

[0011] In one embodiment, a sound-absorbing panel is further included, which is disposed between the back glass and the fireproof back panel. One side of the sound-absorbing panel along the thickness direction is bonded to the metal plate, and the other side is bonded to the back glass.

[0012] In one embodiment, both the fireproof back panel and the sound-absorbing panel are flat plate structures.

[0013] In one embodiment, the fireproof back panel includes a first recess and a first protrusion connected to each other;

[0014] The sound-absorbing panel includes a second recessed portion and a second protruding portion connected together, wherein the first protruding portion is bonded to the second protruding portion, and the first recessed portion is bonded to the second recessed portion.

[0015] The second protrusion is bonded to the back glass on the side opposite to the first protrusion.

[0016] In one embodiment, the second protrusion is bonded to the glass surface of the back panel.

[0017] In one embodiment, the fireproof back panel includes a resin coating film, a substrate layer, and a resin coating film arranged sequentially, wherein the resin coating film is connected to the back panel glass via a back adhesive film.

[0018] In one embodiment, the laminate, the backing film, and the fireproof backing are integrally laminated.

[0019] In one embodiment, the frame is used to mount on a mounting platform, and one end of the frame facing away from the mounting platform along the thickness direction is flush with one end of the laminate facing away from the mounting platform along the thickness direction.

[0020] In one embodiment, a drain hole is provided on the end face of the frame facing away from the mounting platform along the thickness direction.

[0021] The aforementioned multifunctional photovoltaic modules improve their fire resistance by incorporating a flame-retardant fireproof backsheet beneath the backsheet glass. Compared to existing technologies that rely solely on metal plates as backsheets, this significantly enhances stability under high-temperature conditions, providing reliable fire protection in fire scenarios and effectively preventing the spread of flames. Furthermore, the connection structure between the fireproof backsheet and the backsheet glass effectively prevents glass fragments from falling when the laminate is damaged by external forces, avoiding safety hazards. Simultaneously, the mounting grooves in the frame firmly secure the laminate and fireproof backsheet, enhancing the overall mechanical strength of the module and improving its wind pressure and impact resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laminate provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fireproof back panel, which is a metal plate, provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of this application, where both the fireproof back panel and the sound-absorbing panel are flat plate structures.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fireproof back panel and sound-absorbing panel with a concave-convex structure in Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laminate and fireproof backing plate integrally pressurized according to Embodiment 4 of this application.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laminated component installed on the frame according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] 100. Laminated components; 110. Front panel glass; 120. Front panel adhesive film; 130. Solar cells; 140. Back glass adhesive film; 150. Back panel glass;

[0031] 200. Frame; 210. Drainage hole;

[0032] 300. Fireproof backing panel; 310. First recessed portion; 320. First protruding portion;

[0033] 400, Sound-absorbing panel; 410, Second recessed portion; 420, Second protruding portion;

[0034] 500, back adhesive film;

[0035] 600. Adhesive. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0038] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0039] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0041] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0042] This application provides a multifunctional photovoltaic module, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the multifunctional photovoltaic module includes a laminate 100, a fireproof backsheet 300, and a frame 200. The laminate 100 includes a backsheet glass 150. The fireproof backsheet 300 is located below and connected to the backsheet glass 150, and has a flame-retardant function. The frame 200 is provided with a mounting groove, and the laminate 100 and the fireproof backsheet 300 are located in the mounting groove.

[0043] The aforementioned multifunctional photovoltaic module improves its fire resistance by incorporating a flame-retardant fireproof backsheet 300 beneath the backsheet glass 150. Compared to existing technologies that rely solely on metal plates as backsheets, this significantly enhances stability under high-temperature conditions, providing reliable fire protection in fire scenarios and effectively preventing the spread of flames. Furthermore, the connection structure between the fireproof backsheet 300 and the backsheet glass 150 effectively prevents glass fragments from falling when the laminate 100 is damaged by external forces, avoiding safety hazards. Simultaneously, the mounting groove in the frame 200 firmly secures the laminate 100 and the fireproof backsheet 300, enhancing the overall mechanical strength of the module and improving its wind pressure and impact resistance.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the laminate 100 also includes a front glass 110, a front film 120, a battery cell 130 and a back glass film 140 arranged in sequence, with the back glass 150 disposed on the side of the back glass film 140 away from the battery cell 130.

[0045] The laminate 100 forms a rigid support system through a multi-layered composite structure consisting of a front glass 110, a front film 120, solar cells 130, a back glass film 140, and a back glass 150. The double-glass design of the front glass 110 and back glass 150 enhances the module's wind pressure resistance and solves the problem of insufficient mechanical strength in existing single-glass modules. The optical transparency of the front glass 110, combined with the front film 120, reduces light reflection loss, allowing the solar cells 130 to receive sufficient light and improving the module's power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, the yellowing resistance of the front film 120 reduces light transmittance degradation over long-term use, ensuring power generation stability. The back glass 150, as the bottom layer of the laminate 100, provides a stable mounting surface for the subsequent installation of the fire-resistant backsheet 300. The high-temperature resistance of the back glass 150, combined with the flame-retardant properties of the back film 140, gives the laminate 100 basic fire resistance, which, when combined with the fire-resistant backsheet 300, further meets fire protection requirements. When photovoltaic modules are damaged by external forces, the bonding structure between the back glass 150 and the back glass film 140 can reduce the risk of fragments falling and improve safety performance.

[0046] In Example 1:

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the fireproof backsheet 300 is a metal plate, which is bonded to the backsheet glass 150. Using a metal plate as the fireproof backsheet 300 leverages the flame-retardant properties and high-temperature resistance of metal materials to ensure the component's fire resistance meets requirements. Compared to existing technologies that simply use a metal plate as the backsheet, the composite structure of the glass backsheet and the metal plate effectively prevents deformation or failure of the metal plate at high temperatures, improving fire resistance reliability in fire scenarios. Furthermore, the metal plate is bonded to the backsheet glass 150 using adhesive 600, forming a "glass-metal" composite support structure. This enhances the overall wind pressure and impact resistance of the component, and in the event of damage from external forces, the metal plate prevents glass fragments from falling, avoiding safety hazards and solving the fragmentation risk problem caused by the rigid fracture of the metal plate in existing technologies.

[0048] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the metal plate is bonded to the back glass 150 with an adhesive.

[0049] In this embodiment, the metal plate may be made of aluminum, steel or other suitable metal materials.

[0050] In Example 2:

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, the multifunctional photovoltaic module also includes a sound-absorbing panel 400, which is disposed between the back glass 150 and the fireproof back panel 300. One side of the sound-absorbing panel 400 along its thickness direction is bonded to the metal plate, and the other side is bonded to the back glass 150. The addition of the sound-absorbing panel 400 between the back glass 150 and the metal plate absorbs environmental noise, solving the noise impact problem of existing photovoltaic modules in building settings. Simultaneously, the integrated design of the sound-absorbing panel 400 and the fireproof back panel 300 enables the photovoltaic module to simultaneously possess multiple functions including power generation, fireproofing, and sound insulation.

[0052] Furthermore, the sound-absorbing panel 400 and the metal plate form a composite fire-resistant structure—the flame-retardant properties of the metal plate (such as aluminum or steel) combined with the fire-resistant properties of the sound-absorbing panel 400 (such as the non-combustible nature of rock wool) further improve the fire resistance rating of the photovoltaic module. As an intermediate buffer layer, the sound-absorbing panel 400 can absorb energy when the module is subjected to external impact, reducing the probability of glass breakage; if breakage does occur, the dual structure of the sound-absorbing panel 400 and the metal plate can more effectively prevent fragments from falling.

[0053] In this embodiment, the sound-absorbing panel 400 is made of polyester fiber, rock wool, aluminum foam, or other materials with sound-absorbing properties.

[0054] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, both the fireproof back panel 300 and the sound-absorbing panel 400 are flat panel structures. The flat panel structure allows for direct processing via cutting and gluing, reducing equipment investment and process complexity. The planar nature of the flat panel structure allows for surface-to-surface bonding between the fireproof back panel 300 and the sound-absorbing panel 400 and the back panel glass 150. Furthermore, the flat panel structure provides a higher precision fit with the mounting groove of the frame 200.

[0055] In Example 2, as Figure 3 As shown, the fireproof back panel 300 is a foamed aluminum metal board, and the sound-absorbing panel 400 is a polyurethane fiber board.

[0056] In Example 3:

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the fireproof back panel 300 includes a first recessed portion 310 and a first protruding portion 320 connected to each other; the sound-absorbing panel 400 includes a second recessed portion 410 and a second protruding portion 420 connected to each other, the first protruding portion 320 is bonded to the second protruding portion 420, the first recessed portion 310 is bonded to the second recessed portion 410; the side of the second protruding portion 420 opposite to the first protruding portion 320 is bonded to the back panel glass 150.

[0058] The first recessed portion 310 and the first protruding portion 320 of the fireproof backplate 300, and the second recessed portion 410 and the second protruding portion 420 of the sound-absorbing plate 400 form a nested structure. Compared with the flat plate structure, this design improves the wind pressure resistance of the photovoltaic module. The square protrusion structure of the wave-shaped metal backplate can increase the moment of inertia of the cross section and reduce the deformation under long-term load, solving the problem of easy bending of the flat plate structure in high wind pressure scenarios.

[0059] Furthermore, the second protrusion 420 of the sound-absorbing panel 400 is bonded to the surface of the back glass 150 to form a sealed cavity, which enhances the absorption of mid-to-high frequency noise. The sound waves are reflected and diffracted multiple times at the concave-convex interface, increasing energy loss.

[0060] In addition, the layered nesting design of the concave and convex structure can disperse stress concentration points when the component is subjected to external impact. If breakage occurs, the interlocking structure of the metal back plate and the sound-absorbing plate 400 can more effectively prevent fragments from falling.

[0061] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, the second protrusion 420 is surface-contact bonded to the back glass 150. This surface-contact bonding between the second protrusion 420 and the back glass 150, compared to the localized point bonding of a concave-convex structure, increases the contact area, improves interlayer shear strength, and disperses the mechanical stress of the photovoltaic module during transportation, installation, and use, preventing adhesive layer cracking or structural detachment caused by localized stress concentration. Furthermore, the continuous, sealed interface formed by the surface-contact bonding reduces sound wave leakage loss between layers, improving sound absorption.

[0062] In addition, the large-area heat conduction path of the surface contact bonding can make the temperature distribution of the component more uniform in a fire scenario, avoiding the failure of the fireproof back panel 300 caused by local overheating.

[0063] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, alternating first protrusions 320 and first recesses 310 are formed on the surface of the metal plate. The first protrusions 320 and first recesses 310 extend along the length or width of the photovoltaic module, forming continuous undulating ripples. Each protrusion and recess has a 90° right angle at its corner, giving the overall structure a geometric shape resembling a "square wave." The sound-absorbing plate 400 corresponds to the undulating shape of the metal plate, with second protrusions 420 and second recesses 410, whose geometric dimensions are adapted to the first protrusions 320 and first recesses 310 of the metal plate.

[0064] The 90° right-angle turn creates a mechanical support similar to a "right-angle brace" in the concave-convex structure, which effectively resists the deformation of photovoltaic modules during installation and use compared to a rounded transition structure. Moreover, the right-angle interface allows incident sound waves to be reflected 90° in the concave-convex structure, increasing the number of sound wave reflections between layers and thus improving sound absorption efficiency.

[0065] In other embodiments, both the fireproof back panel 300 and the sound-absorbing panel 400 are wavy curved surfaces.

[0066] In Example 4:

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, the fireproof back panel 300 includes a resin coating film, a substrate layer, and another resin coating film arranged sequentially. The resin coating film is connected to the back panel glass 150 via a back adhesive film 500. The fireproof back panel 300 adopts a composite structure of "resin coating film-substrate layer-resin coating film". The resin coating film (such as epoxy resin or silicone resin) has flame-retardant properties (oxygen index ≥30%), which can form a carbonized layer in a fire scenario to block the spread of flames. Combined with the non-combustible nature of the substrate layer (such as a metal plate or inorganic fiberboard), the flame-retardant performance of the fireproof back panel 300 is further improved. Moreover, the resin coating films on both sides act as protective layers, effectively blocking the corrosion of the substrate layer by ultraviolet rays and humid and hot environments.

[0068] In this embodiment, the fireproof back panel 300 is an FFC-coated back panel.

[0069] In this embodiment, the laminate 100, the back adhesive film 500, and the fireproof backing plate 300 are integrally laminated. Through this integral lamination process, the three components form a chemical bond through the melting and diffusion of the adhesive film. This process eliminates the interface defects of traditional step-by-step bonding, avoiding cracking or delamination caused by stress concentration between layers. Furthermore, the integral lamination creates a continuous, sealed structure between the resin coating film (epoxy resin layer) of the fireproof backing plate 300 and the back adhesive film 500 (such as EVA or POE), completely blocking the flame spread path. Simultaneously, this structure eliminates the gaps in the adhesive seams of traditional bonding processes, solving the problem of easy aging and failure at the joints in existing technologies.

[0070] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the frame 200 is mounted on the mounting platform. One end of the frame 200, along its thickness direction, faces away from the mounting platform and is flush with the other end of the laminate 100, also along its thickness direction. That is, surface A of the frame 200 is flush with the top surface of the laminate 100, eliminating the "dust accumulation groove" formed by the frame 200 being higher than the laminate 100 in traditional structures. This creates a continuous and smooth hydrodynamic interface on the module surface. When rainwater falls on the upper surface of the laminate 100, the rainwater can carry dust from the laminate 100 across the area of ​​the frame 200 that is flush with the surface of the laminate 100, and then out through this area to the outside of the photovoltaic module. This reduces dust accumulation on the laminate 100 and improves the anti-dust accumulation performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this field, the bottom wall of the frame 200 is referred to as surface C, the top wall of the frame 200 is referred to as surface A, and the side wall of the frame 200 is referred to as surface B.

[0072] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a drain hole 210 is provided on the end face of the frame 200 facing away from the mounting platform along the thickness direction. That is, the drain hole 210 on side A of the frame 200 allows for the rapid drainage of rainwater, condensate, and other liquids, preventing accumulation in the gap between the frame 200 and the laminate 100. Furthermore, liquid drainage prevents the adhesive strip from failing due to long-term immersion, improving interlayer sealing performance and solving the structural aging problem caused by water accumulation in the frame 200 in existing technologies. In addition, the drain hole 210 can drain water using natural gravity or wind power, eliminating the need for an additional power source.

[0073] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0074] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The multifunctional photovoltaic module includes: The laminate (100) includes a back glass panel (150); A fireproof back panel (300) is disposed below the back panel glass (150) and connected to the back panel glass (150), and the fireproof back panel (300) has a flame-retardant function. The frame (200) is provided with a mounting groove, and the laminate (100) and the fireproof back panel (300) are disposed in the mounting groove; The fireproof back panel (300) is a metal plate, and the metal plate is bonded to the back panel glass (150); It also includes a sound-absorbing panel (400), which is disposed between the back glass (150) and the fireproof back panel (300). One side of the sound-absorbing panel (400) along the thickness direction is bonded to the metal plate, and the other side is bonded to the back glass (150).

2. The multifunctional photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the fireproof back panel (300) and the sound-absorbing panel (400) are flat plate structures.

3. The multifunctional photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fireproof back panel (300) includes a first recess (310) and a first protrusion (320) connected to each other; The sound-absorbing panel (400) includes a second recessed portion (410) and a second protruding portion (420) connected to each other, the first protruding portion (320) is bonded to the second protruding portion (420), and the first recessed portion (310) is bonded to the second recessed portion (410). The second protrusion (420) is bonded to the back glass (150) on the side opposite to the first protrusion (320).

4. The multifunctional photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second protrusion (420) is in contact with and bonded to the back glass (150).

5. The multifunctional photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fireproof back panel (300) includes a resin coating film, a substrate layer, and a resin coating film arranged in sequence. The resin coating film is connected to the back panel glass (150) through a back adhesive film (500).

6. The multifunctional photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The laminate (100), the back adhesive film (500), and the fireproof back panel (300) are integrally laminated.

7. The multifunctional photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (200) is used to be mounted on the mounting platform. The end of the frame (200) facing away from the mounting platform along the thickness direction is flush with the end of the laminate (100) facing away from the mounting platform along the thickness direction.

8. The multifunctional photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The frame (200) has a drain hole (210) on the end face of the side away from the mounting platform along the thickness direction.

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