Intelligent switch and system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a kind of intelligent switch and system, wherein the intelligent switch includes: electronic switch, for connecting load;Control module is electrically connected the electronic switch, for controlling the electronic switch;The control module is extracted from the electric energy that flows through load by a controllable switching device through a power extraction structure during the electronic switch conduction;Wherein, the control module obtains the working state of the power extraction structure by the feedforward structure coupled to the controllable switching device.The intelligent switch has certain early warning capability by introducing feedforward sensing structure, and the safety is improved by the synergistic control mechanism of control module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of intelligent switch technology, and in particular to an intelligent switch and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of IoT technology, smart switches are gradually becoming the basic equipment for building smart homes and building automation.

[0003] However, most existing smart switch design paradigms still remain at the level of "executing instructions," and their internal control systems generally lack the ability to provide forward-looking feedback on their own key operating states. This lack of underlying perception capabilities severely restricts the development of smart switches towards higher reliability and higher security.

[0004] Therefore, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology is an urgent problem to be solved in this technical field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the intelligent switch, by introducing a feedforward sensing structure and combining it with the collaborative control mechanism of the control module, enables the intelligent switch to have a certain early warning capability and improves safety.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the intelligent switch acquires the working status of the energy harvesting structure (such as a signal characterizing thermal stress) in real time through a feedforward structure, enabling the control module to continuously monitor the health of the power devices and provide early warnings of risks such as overheating, transforming "passive response" into "active perception".

[0007] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system. The intelligent switch control module can make decisions and switch states in advance based on feedforward signals while the electronic switch is already in the ON state, nipping potential faults in the bud. This significantly improves the safety and reliability of the intelligent switch, making it particularly suitable for scenarios involving frequently switching high-current devices, such as high-power lighting fixtures and electrical equipment. Through this intelligent control method, the intelligent switch can take timely protective measures before abnormal situations occur, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the control module of the intelligent switch can continuously protect the load and the intelligent switch without interfering with the user's normal operation. Even if the user manually switches the electronic switch multiple times, the control module will always monitor and evaluate the signal of the feedforward structure. Once an anomaly is detected, the control module can forcibly restore the safe state even under user operation, thereby ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the entire intelligent switch.

[0009] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the intelligent switch ensures that when the intelligent switch is in an unstable or potentially dangerous state, the user cannot reactivate the load through the remote control interface, thereby preventing greater risks or damage.

[0010] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system that ensures the intelligent switch will not automatically enable remote control functionality upon restoration of signal transmission, thereby preventing accidental operation when the intelligent switch is still in an abnormal state.

[0011] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the intelligent switch periodically disconnects through a controllable switching device, which can provide the necessary power to the control module for a longer period of time, reducing dependence on external power sources such as batteries.

[0012] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the intelligent switch controller adjusts the on / off timing of the controllable switching device according to a set period, so as to extract pulse energy from the electrical energy flowing through the load and store it in an energy storage structure.

[0013] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the control module of the intelligent switch can respond promptly to temperature changes, cut off current flow in advance, avoid equipment damage caused by overheating, and enhance the safety and stability of the intelligent switch.

[0014] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the design of the intelligent switch allows for convenient and quick removal of the circuit board during maintenance or replacement, reducing the difficulty of disassembly and maintenance, and also avoiding the impact of bottom shell deformation on the circuit board.

[0015] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the installation position of the controllable switching device of the intelligent switch can fully consider heat dissipation and ease of disassembly.

[0016] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent switch and system, wherein the intelligent switch enhances the response capability of the temperature detection device to temperature changes by maximizing the thermal coupling effect of the controllable switching device.

[0017] To achieve at least one of the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this disclosure, a smart switch is provided, comprising: an electronic switch for connecting a load; a control module electrically connected to the electronic switch for controlling the electronic switch; and an energy harvesting structure electrically connected to the control module for extracting pulse energy from electrical energy flowing through the load via a controllable switching device during the conduction of the electronic switch; wherein the control module obtains the operating state of the energy harvesting structure through a feedforward structure coupled to the controllable switching device.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feedforward structure includes a temperature sensing device, which is thermally coupled to the heat dissipation area of ​​the controllable switching device.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent switch further includes: a bottom shell for accommodating a circuit board; a circuit board fixing shell disposed on the opening side of the bottom shell for fixing the circuit board, and when the middle shell is separated from the bottom shell, the circuit board detaches from the bottom shell along with the middle shell; a button panel disposed on the side of the middle shell away from the bottom shell for triggering the control module to switch the on / off state of the electronic switch; wherein, the controllable switching device is disposed on the side of a circuit board facing the middle shell.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature sensing device is attached to the heat dissipation surface formed on the circuit board of the controllable switching device.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a package pin of the controllable switching device serves as the main heat dissipation surface and is soldered to the conductive and heat-conducting area of ​​the circuit board. The conductive and heat-conducting area extends along the edge of the controllable switching device toward the temperature sensing device to achieve thermal coupling between the temperature sensing device and the controllable switching device.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controllable switching device includes a MOSFET, one of the package pins of which also serves as the main heat dissipation surface; the wiring of the circuit board includes a thermally conductive copper plating area, and the MOSFET is soldered to this thermally conductive copper plating area through the pin that also serves as the heat dissipation surface; the thermally conductive copper plating area extends to the temperature sensing device through a thermally coupled trace.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controllable switching device is connected in series with the electronic switch; when the electronic switch is turned on, the power supply current flows through the controllable switching device through the electronic switch to form a power supply circuit for the load, wherein the controllable switching device is periodically turned off for a specified time, so that the power supply circuit is cut off during the specified time to charge an energy storage structure to extract pulse energy, and the energy of the energy storage structure is used to power the control module.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the energy harvesting structure further includes a controller electrically connected to the controllable switching device, used to control the electrical energy output by the energy storage structure to be supplied to the control module with a delay when the control module is powered off and restarted in the state of the electronic switch being on.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the electrical energy output by the energy harvesting structure is supplied to the control module under the control of the controller, it is delayed by at least 1 to 5 seconds.

[0026] To achieve at least one of the above objectives, according to a second aspect of this disclosure, an intelligent control system is provided, including an intelligent switch as provided in the first aspect above.

[0027] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. The foregoing utility model contents can be combined in any way, and these and other objectives of this disclosure will be fully realized through the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.

[0028] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. These drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrating embodiments consistent with this application and serving together with the specification to explain the principles of this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of an intelligent control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a smart switch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram of an intelligent switch after introducing a controllable switching device in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic block diagram of a smart switch with a controller introduced in one embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail. When the description relates to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this disclosure, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0035] It should be understood that in the description of all embodiments of this disclosure, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Terms such as "coupled" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium to form a linkage relationship; they can refer to the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] In the various embodiments of this disclosure, the symbol " / " indicates that it has two functions simultaneously. The symbol "A and / or B" indicates that the combination of the preceding and following objects connected by the symbol includes three cases: "A", "B", and "A and B".

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "energy storage structure," "feedforward structure," "energy harvesting structure," and "energy conversion structure" used in this utility model are general terms that describe the physical entities that perform the corresponding functions, including but not limited to mechanical structures, circuit structures, and combinations thereof. For example, those skilled in the art should understand that the terms "energy harvesting structure" and "energy conversion structure" should be understood as a collective term for all hardware implementations capable of extracting and converting electrical energy from the power supply circuit, with the core being the function rather than the specific form.

[0038] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this disclosure described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 The intelligent control system provided in this embodiment may include an intelligent switch 10 and a user terminal 40. The figure shows one intelligent switch 10 and one user terminal 40. In the actual control system, there may be multiple intelligent switches 10 and user terminals 40. At the same time, wireless signal transmission can be realized between the intelligent switch 10 and the user terminal 40. The wireless signal may be, for example, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Wi-Fi, etc.

[0040] The smart switch 10 is also used to implement the switch control method described below. Therefore, the description of the switch control method described below can be understood as a description of the working process, function, and specific implementation method of the software and / or hardware in the smart switch 10.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the control system also includes a load 20. The load 20 can be any controlled device that can be operated by the smart switch 10. For example, the load 20 can be a lamp, curtain, fan, etc.

[0042] In some schemes, such as Figure 1 As shown, the control system also includes a cloud server 30. After network configuration, the smart switch 10 establishes a communication connection with the cloud server 30 through a gateway 50 and / or a router 60. The user terminal 40 can run the application program of the smart switch 10 through the cloud server 30 and remotely control the smart switch 10 based on the application program. The gateway 50 can be any device or combination of devices capable of forming and / or managing a corresponding target network. The number of gateways 50 can be one or more, but is not limited to this. The smart switch 10 joins the target network after network configuration.

[0043] It is worth noting that with the popularization of IoT technology, smart switches are gradually becoming the basic equipment for building smart homes and building automation. However, most existing smart switch design paradigms are still at the level of "executing instructions". Their internal control systems generally lack the ability to effectively detect and provide forward-looking feedback (pre-feedback) on their own key operating states, especially the health status of power devices. This lack of low-level sensing capabilities seriously restricts the development of smart switches towards higher reliability and higher security.

[0044] Especially when intelligent switching circuits contain power devices (such as MOSFETs and thyristors) that require frequent switching and carry large currents, the cumulative thermal effects and electrical stress generated will become fatal weaknesses in operational reliability. Traditional overheat and overcurrent protection, as a reactive "circuit-breaking" mechanism, has a delayed response and cannot meet the early warning requirements of progressive degradation.

[0045] Based on this, one embodiment of this disclosure provides an intelligent switch that can be applied to the aforementioned intelligent control system. By introducing a feedforward structure and combining it with the collaborative control mechanism of the control module, the intelligent switch possesses a certain early warning capability, thereby improving safety.

[0046] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a block diagram of the smart switch 10 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The smart switch 10 includes an electronic switch 104, a control module 101, and an energy harvesting structure 102.

[0047] The electronic switch 104 is used to connect the load 20.

[0048] Specifically, the electronic switch 104 is connected to the load 20 via a power line (e.g., neutral wire and / or live wire) to control the power supply circuit of the load 20. When the electronic switch 104 is open, the load 20 is de-energized and enters a non-working state. When the electronic switch 104 is closed, the load 20 is energized and enters a working state.

[0049] The intelligent switch 10 can have one electronic switch 104 or multiple electronic switches 104. When there are multiple electronic switches 104, multiple loads 20 can be connected, thereby realizing independent control of multiple devices. In this case, each electronic switch 104 corresponds to one load 20 circuit, thus enabling independent control of the on / off state of each load 20.

[0050] The electronic switch 104 may be, for example, a relay, a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), or other switching element suitable for controlling the load 20. The load 20 can be understood as any electrical device controlled by the smart switch 10, such as a lamp, an appliance, a fan, etc. Taking a lamp as the load and a relay as the electronic switch 104 as an example, one end of the lamp is connected to the relay in the smart switch 10, and the other end is connected to the neutral wire. The other end of the relay is connected to the live wire through the controllable switching device 1021. The relay controls the on / off of the current through switching action, thereby realizing the switching control of the lamp.

[0051] The control module 101 is electrically connected to the electronic switch 104 and is used to control the electronic switch 104.

[0052] Specifically, the control module 101 may include a microprocessor (MCU) or digital signal processor (DSP) for executing switch control logic and processing signals from internal or external sources. For example, the control module 101 can determine the control operation of the electronic switch 104 by processing signals from the feedforward structure 103 or external signals.

[0053] The control module 101 can receive or send signals via a communication unit (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee). This communication unit can be integrated into the control module 101 or separate from it. Taking a Bluetooth communication module with integrated Bluetooth communication functionality as an example, the control module 101 can wirelessly communicate with external devices (such as smartphones or tablets) via Bluetooth, or establish a connection with a Bluetooth gateway via Bluetooth, and then access a cloud server through a router to receive remote commands or send status information, thereby achieving intelligent remote control.

[0054] When the electronic switch 104 is a relay, the control module 101 drives the relay to perform engaging and disengaging actions through the drive circuit.

[0055] The control module 101 extracts pulsed electrical energy from the electrical energy flowing through the load 20 via a controllable switching device 1021 during the conduction of the electronic switch 104 through an energy extraction structure 102.

[0056] Specifically, the smart switch 10 further includes an energy harvesting structure 102, which is electrically connected to the control module 101. During the conduction of the electronic switch 104, this structure extracts pulsed electrical energy from the electrical energy flowing through the load 20 via a controllable switching device 1021 to supply the control module 101. During the conduction of the electronic switch 104, the load 20 is powered on and in operation, with current flowing from the electronic switch 104 to the load 20. During this process, the energy harvesting structure 102 extracts a certain amount of electrical energy via the controllable switching device 1021 to power the control module 101 and other related circuits. Specifically, for example, pulsed electrical energy can be extracted from the load 20 circuit by periodically switching the current through the controllable switching device 1021 and supplying it to the control module 101. In this way, the control module 101 can be provided with the necessary power when the load 20 is operating, while avoiding dependence on an additional battery.

[0057] The control module 101 obtains the working state of the energy harvesting structure 102 through the feedforward structure 103 coupled to the controllable switching device 1021.

[0058] The control module 101 obtains the operating state of the energy harvesting structure 102 through the feedforward structure 103 by monitoring one or more key physical parameters that directly reflect this state. Specifically, the feedforward structure 103 can monitor parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature that reflect the operating state of the energy harvesting structure 102, directly or indirectly obtaining the operating state of the energy harvesting structure 102, thereby providing precise control basis.

[0059] By acquiring the working status of the energy harvesting structure 102 in real time through the feedforward structure 103, the control module 101 can continuously monitor the health of the power devices and provide early warnings of risks such as overheating, transforming "passive response" into "active perception".

[0060] Taking temperature as an example, when the energy harvesting structure 102 starts working, its temperature will rise. By monitoring the temperature change of the energy harvesting structure, the working status of the energy harvesting structure 102 can be indirectly sensed. Taking current as another example, when the energy harvesting structure 102 is working normally, its operating current is within a reasonable range. When its operating state is abnormal (for example, when the internal resistance increases due to excessive temperature), the operating current will deviate from the reasonable range. Therefore, by monitoring the current of the energy harvesting structure 102, the working status of the energy harvesting structure 102 can also be indirectly sensed.

[0061] Furthermore, the control module 101 is configured to switch the on / off state of the electronic switch 104 according to the signal from the feedforward structure 103 when the electronic switch 104 is in the on state. Specifically, when the signal from the feedforward structure 103 indicates an abnormal operating state of the energy harvesting structure 102 (such as excessive temperature or excessive current), the control module 101 can react in advance and switch the state of the electronic switch 104 to avoid a malfunction.

[0062] The control module 101 is further configured to control the electronic switch 104 to switch from the on state to the off state in response to the signal output by the feedforward structure 103 reaching a predetermined condition (determined to be an abnormal working state of the energy harvesting structure 102).

[0063] Furthermore, the control module 101 can make decisions and switch states in advance based on the signal from the feedforward structure 103, even when the electronic switch 104 is in the ON state. This prevents faults from escalating and greatly improves the safety and reliability of the intelligent switch 10. It is particularly suitable for scenarios involving frequently switching high-current devices, such as high-power lighting fixtures and electrical equipment. Through this intelligent control method, the intelligent switch 10 can take timely protective measures before abnormal situations occur, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0064] Furthermore, the control module 101 is also configured to: after issuing a command to control the electronic switch 104 to switch to the off state, not to perform a confirmation operation on whether the electronic switch 104 has been successfully disconnected.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the operation of the control module 101 controlling the electronic switch 104 to open in response to the signal output by the feedforward structure 103 reaching a predetermined condition is an open-loop operation. That is, after receiving an abnormal signal from the feedforward structure 103, the control module 101 immediately issues a command to open the electronic switch 104, and no further confirmation feedback is performed. The purpose is to simplify the control process, improve the response speed, and avoid delays caused by confirmation operations.

[0066] Meanwhile, the open-loop operation design also reduces the consumption of computing resources in the control module 101, enabling the smart switch 10 to achieve efficient and stable functions at a lower cost.

[0067] When the smart switch 10 has multiple electronic switches 104, the control module 101 switches the electronic switches 104 to the off state according to the signal from the feedforward structure 103. Specifically, when the signal from the feedforward structure 103 reaches a predetermined condition, it switches all electronic switches 104 to the off state (this can be done simultaneously or sequentially). After issuing the command to switch all the electronic switches 104 to the off state, it does not perform a confirmation operation on whether any of the electronic switches 104 has successfully achieved the off state.

[0068] In some embodiments, after all electronic switches 104 are switched to the off state, the control module 101 is further configured to: control the corresponding electronic switch 104 to switch to the on state in response to a button operation. Subsequently, the signal of the feedforward structure 103 is re-evaluated; if the signal still meets the predetermined condition, the electronic switch 104 is controlled to switch to the off state again.

[0069] Specifically, after the electronic switch 104 is switched to the off state by the control module 101 due to the signal fed back from the feedforward structure 103, if the user manually switches the electronic switch 104 to the on state via an operation button, the control module 101 will continue to evaluate the working state of the energy harvesting structure 102, and will continue to disconnect the electronic switch 104 if the evaluation fails, without ignoring the abnormality of the energy harvesting structure 102 simply because the user manually turned the electronic switch 104 on. For example, if the signal from the feedforward structure 103 indicates that the controllable switching device 1021 is overheating or the load 20 has an abnormal current, even if the user attempts to manually restore the power supply to the load 20, the control module 101 will still automatically switch the electronic switch 104 to the off state based on the status of key parameters such as temperature and power to ensure safety.

[0070] Therefore, in this way, the control module 101 can continuously protect the load 20 and the smart switch 10 without interfering with the user's normal operation. Even if the user manually switches the electronic switch 104 multiple times, the control module 101 will always monitor and evaluate the signal of the feedforward structure 103. Once an abnormality is detected, the control module 101 can forcibly restore the safe state even under user operation, thereby ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the entire smart switch 10.

[0071] In some embodiments, after the electronic switch 104 is switched to the off state, a status signal is generated and sent to a cloud server 30 via a communication unit; wherein the status signal is used to indicate that the electronic switch 104 has entered the off state due to the predetermined conditions, so that the cloud server 30 disables the remote control function of the smart switch 10 on the user terminal 40 accordingly.

[0072] The status signal can be understood as a notification signal, which may include, for example, information about the smart switch 10 and an indication of an abnormal state (such as overheating, overcurrent, etc.). After the status signal is transmitted to the cloud server 30, the cloud server 30 determines whether to disable the remote control function according to the set rules, so as to ensure that the smart switch 10 cannot be remotely operated by the user in an abnormal state.

[0073] In this way, it is ensured that if the smart switch 10 is in an unstable or potentially dangerous state, the user cannot reactivate the load 20 through the remote control interface, thus preventing greater risks or damage.

[0074] The cloud server 30 disables the remote control function of the smart switch 10 on the user terminal 40, which can be manifested in at least one of the following two ways:

[0075] In the first scenario, the user terminal 40 interface becomes inoperable. Specifically, the remote control button for the smart switch 10 is disabled or disappears on the user terminal 40's control interface, preventing the user from performing any operations. When the cloud server 30 receives a status signal, it updates the UI of the user terminal 40 application, disables or hides the control button, and prompts the user that the smart switch 10 is in an abnormal state and cannot be operated.

[0076] In the second scenario, the user terminal 40 can operate the switch, but the smart switch 10 does not respond. Specifically, when the cloud server 30 receives a status signal, although the user can still click the switch button on the user terminal 40 interface, the smart switch 10 will ignore the operation and not perform any response. At this time, the UI of the user terminal 40 may display a prompt indicating that the smart switch 10 is in an abnormal state, informing the user that the smart switch 10 cannot perform any operation.

[0077] Furthermore, after controlling the electronic switch 104 to switch to the off state, the control module 101 is also configured to perform one or a combination of a delayed re-judgment operation and a key response operation.

[0078] The delayed re-judgment operation is as follows:

[0079] After the control module 101 controls the electronic switch 104 to remain in the off state for a specified delay time, it re-evaluates the signal of the feedforward structure 103. If the signal meets the recovery condition, it generates and sends a recovery signal to the cloud server 30 so that the cloud server 30 can restore the remote control function of the smart switch 10. If the signal still meets the predetermined condition, it maintains the off state of the electronic switch 104. The recovery condition is different from the predetermined condition.

[0080] When the smart switch 10 transmits a recovery signal, it is further configured to: keep all electronic switches 104 in the off state if no button operation is received, so as to ensure that the smart switch 10 will not automatically enable the remote control function due to the transmission of the recovery signal, and avoid misoperation when the smart switch 10 is still in an abnormal state.

[0081] Specifically, the recovery signal represents the instruction to restore the state of electronic switch 104 and notifies the cloud server 30 that the smart switch 10 has been restored to a normal operating state. The cloud server 30 then restores the remote control function based on this recovery signal. The restoration of remote control function for the smart switch 10 by the cloud server 30 can manifest as the terminal interface regaining its operating permissions for the smart switch 10, allowing users to control the on / off state of the smart switch 10 via smartphones or other devices, or to reactivate the buttons on the control interface.

[0082] The specified delay time is set to 0.5 to 5 minutes. Taking 1 minute as an example, the specific working process is as follows: After the electronic switch 104 remains in the off state for 1 minute, the control module 101 evaluates the signal of the feedforward structure 103. If the signal meets the recovery conditions, the control module 101 will generate a recovery signal and send it to the cloud server 30 to restore the remote control function. Otherwise, the control module 101 continues to maintain the electronic switch 104 in the off state to ensure that the smart switch 10 will not be operated in an unsafe working state.

[0083] The key response operation is specifically as follows:

[0084] In response to a button operation, the control module 101 generates and sends a recovery signal to the cloud server 30, so that the cloud server 30 can restore the remote control function of the smart switch 10.

[0085] Specifically, after the signal-controlled electronic switch 104 based on the feedforward structure 103 is turned off, the control module 101 can turn the electronic switch 104 back on in response to the button operation and generate a recovery signal. Since the button operation occurs locally, the user can intuitively observe the actual working status of the smart switch 10 and the load 20 before deciding whether to trigger the button operation. At this time, there is no need to wait for the specified delay time, so as to respond to the user operation in a timely and fast manner, thereby improving the user experience and response speed.

[0086] After sending the recovery signal, the control module 101 continues to judge the signal of the feedforward structure 103; if it is determined that the signal still meets the predetermined condition, the status signal is regenerated and sent to the cloud server 30 so that the cloud server 30 disables the remote control function of the smart switch 10 again.

[0087] In some embodiments, the control module 101 is configured to operate periodically with a configurable duty cycle, the manner including:

[0088] Within a working cycle, the system enters a low-power sleep state during a second time window and exits the sleep state during a first time window to listen for and receive external signals. Specifically, during the second time window, the control module 101 reduces power consumption by lowering the processing frequency or disabling unnecessary functions; during the first time window, the control module 101 reactivates to listen for external signals (such as signals from the cloud server 30 or other relevant signals) to control the on / off state of the electronic switch 104.

[0089] The ratio of the first time window to the second time window can be dynamically adjusted based on received external commands. For example, when the control module 101 receives a "energy-saving mode" command from the user, the control module 101 can extend the duration of the second time window, thereby reducing the active state time of the control module 101 and reducing energy consumption; conversely, when a "high-efficiency working mode" command is received, the control module 101 can increase the duration of the first time window, thereby improving the response speed and control accuracy of the smart switch 10.

[0090] Furthermore, the external command originates from an application. For example, it is generated when one of multiple operating modes on the user terminal 40 is selected, where the duty cycles of each operating mode are different (e.g., two operating modes with corresponding duty cycles of 3 / 17 and 1 / 4 respectively). This design allows the user to flexibly select the operating mode according to actual needs. For example, if the ratio of the first time window to the second time window corresponding to the selected operating mode is 3 / 17, then reducing energy consumption will be prioritized, and the sleep time will be appropriately extended; if the ratio of the first time window to the second time window corresponding to the selected operating mode is 1 / 4, then a higher response speed will be provided, and the sleep time will be shortened to improve work efficiency.

[0091] Understandably, the smaller the ratio of the first time window to the second time window, the lower the energy consumption of the control module 101 and the lower the required current. Since the smart switch 10 is connected in series with the load 20 (e.g., in series with the live wire), reducing the current when the smart switch 10 is operating reduces the current flowing through the load 20, ensuring that the load 20 is not affected by the current flowing through it in its non-operating state. Therefore, reducing the ratio allows the smart switch 10 to be used with lower-power loads 20. Specifically, some low-power loads 20 (such as small household appliances or lighting fixtures) may be very sensitive to current changes. Therefore, appropriately reducing the ratio of the control module 101 being in an active state not only reduces the power consumption of the smart switch 10 itself but also avoids adverse effects of current fluctuations on these loads 20.

[0092] From another perspective, the choice of the power ratio determines the lower limit of the power of the load 20 to which the smart switch 10 is applicable, while the signal feedback of the feedforward structure 103 determines the upper limit of the power of the load 20 to which the smart switch 10 is applicable. The combination of these two factors allows the smart switch 10 to adapt to a wider range of loads 20 with varying power ratings. This design enables the smart switch 10 to be widely applicable to different types of loads 20 and to flexibly adjust its operating mode according to user needs and device status, further improving the applicability, energy efficiency, and user experience of the smart switch 10.

[0093] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the controllable switching device 1021 is connected in series with the electronic switch 104. When the electronic switch 104 is turned on, the power supply current flows through the controllable switching device 1021 and the electronic switch 104 to form a power supply circuit for the load 20. When the electronic switch 104 is turned off, the power supply current bypasses the controllable switching device 1021 to supply power to the control module 101. The controllable switching device 1021 is periodically turned off for a specified time, so that the power supply circuit's energy is cut off during this specified time to charge an energy storage structure 106 to extract pulse energy. The energy in the energy storage structure 106 is used to supply power to the control module 101.

[0094] Furthermore, by periodically disconnecting the controllable switching device 1021, the necessary power can be provided to the control module 101 for a longer period of time, reducing the dependence on external power sources such as batteries.

[0095] Furthermore, the controllable switching device 1021 is configured to automatically turn on when the power supply current flows from the live wire to the neutral wire, and to be controlled to turn on and off when the power supply current reverses. When off, it charges the energy storage structure 106. Specifically, when the power supply current reverses, the controllable switching device 1021 is off for a specified time at the zero-crossing point of the AC current. This specified time is configured to charge the voltage of the energy storage structure to above 10V (e.g., 12V). After the specified time, the controllable switching device 1021 is controlled to turn on again, and the power supply current flows back to the electronic switch 104 through the controllable switching device 1021. In a specific example, the controllable switching device 1021 includes a diode and a MOSFET connected in parallel. The anode of the diode is connected to the live wire, and the cathode is connected to the electronic switch 104. When the electronic switch 104 is on, if the power supply current flows from the live wire to the neutral wire, it passes through the diode and the electronic switch 104 sequentially to reach the neutral wire, forming a circuit, and powering the load 20. When the power supply current flows from the neutral wire to the live wire, the MOSFET is turned on / off in a controlled manner. When the MOSFET is on, the power supply current flows from the electronic switch 104 and the MOSFET to the live wire, forming a circuit and supplying power to the load 20. When the MOSFET is off, the power supply current flows to the energy storage structure 106.

[0096] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the smart switch 10 also includes an energy conversion structure 105. When the electronic switch 104 is open, the power supply current bypassing the controllable switching device 1021 is converted into DC power through the energy conversion structure 105 to power the control module 101. The design of the energy conversion structure 105 ensures that the smart switch 10 can still provide a stable power supply to the control module 101 when the load 20 is off.

[0097] In one possible implementation of the energy conversion structure 105, the energy conversion structure 105 includes a rectifier bridge and a transformer, wherein the rectifier bridge is used to convert alternating current into direct current, and the transformer is used to step down the direct current to supply power to the control module 101. Specifically, the primary side of the transformer is coupled to the live wire through the rectifier bridge, and the secondary side is coupled to the energy storage structure 106. The energy conversion structure 105 is configured such that when the electronic switch 104 is in the off state, the leakage current formed by the distributed capacitance to ground on the live wire is used to induce an induced electrical energy on its secondary side and supply power to the energy storage structure 106.

[0098] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, the energy harvesting structure 102 also includes a controller 1022 electrically connected to the controllable switching device 1021, used to control the controllable switching device 1021 to periodically turn on / off, so as to obtain pulsed electrical energy when the electronic switch 104 is on. Specifically, the controller 1022 adjusts the on / off timing of the controllable switching device 1021 according to a set period, so as to extract pulsed electrical energy from the electrical energy flowing through the load 20 and store it in the energy storage structure 106.

[0099] Furthermore, the controller 1022 is also used to delay the supply of electrical energy output from the energy storage structure 106 to the control module 101 when the control module 101 is powered off and restarted while the electronic switch 104 is on, so as to ensure that the control module 101 can obtain a stable power supply when the smart switch 10 restarts. Specifically, the energy storage structure 106 is connected to the power supply terminal of the control module 101 via a controllable switching circuit. The connection and disconnection of the controllable switching circuit are controlled by the controller 1022. When the controllable switching circuit is on, the electrical energy in the energy storage structure 106 is supplied to the control module 101, and the control module 101 is powered on. When the controllable switching circuit is off, the electrical energy in the energy storage structure 106 cannot be supplied to the control module 101, and the control module loses power.

[0100] Furthermore, the energy conversion structure 105 is electrically connected to the controller 1011 of the energy harvesting structure 102. When the electronic switch 104 is open, the energy conversion structure 105 supplies power to the controller 1022 of the energy harvesting structure 102. The electrical energy output by the energy conversion structure 105 is supplied to the control module 101 under the control of the controller 1022, so as to ensure that the energy storage structure 106 and the control module 101 can still continuously obtain a stable power supply during the period when the electronic switch 104 is open.

[0101] Furthermore, the energy conversion structure 105 not only supplies power to the control module 101, but also works in concert to provide power to the controller 1022, so as to ensure that the power supply of the control module 101 is stable when the smart switch 10 is powered off and restarted.

[0102] Through the above circuit design, the smart switch 10 provided in this embodiment can ensure that the controller 1022 is always powered on regardless of the state of the electronic switch 104 (open or closed), so as to be ready for delayed control after power failure and restart.

[0103] Furthermore, the voltage output by the energy storage structure 106 is matched with the driving voltage of the electronic switch 104 (e.g., both are 12V voltage level) so that the voltage of the energy storage structure 106 can directly drive the electronic switch 104.

[0104] Furthermore, when the electrical energy output by the energy harvesting structure 102 is supplied to the control module 101 under the control of the controller 1022, there is a delay of at least 1 to 5 seconds. Taking 3.5 seconds as an example, the specific process when the smart switch 10 is powered off and restarted is as follows: After the smart switch 10 is powered on again, the controller 1022 waits for 3.5 seconds before connecting the power supply path from the energy storage structure 106 to the control module 101, and begins to output the stored electrical energy to the control module 101. During this process, the control module 101 can start smoothly and return to normal working state.

[0105] The energy storage structure 106 described in this embodiment includes one or more of capacitors, inductors, and energy storage chemical materials. For simplicity, the energy storage structure 106 will be primarily represented as a capacitor in subsequent embodiments and accompanying drawings; however, this is not a limitation on the type of energy storage device used in this embodiment. Specifically, the energy storage structure 106 includes at least one capacitor, and the capacitance value of each capacitor is in the range of 100uF to 1F, for example, 470uF. The electrical energy of the energy storage structure 106 is transmitted to the control module 101 via a controllable switching circuit (e.g., DC-DC). The controllable switching circuit adjusts the voltage output by the energy storage structure 106 to a suitable operating voltage for the control module 101, thus supplying power to the control module 101. The controller 1022 controls the on / off state of the power supply path from the energy storage structure 106 to the control module 101 by controlling the enable terminal of the controllable switching circuit.

[0106] In some embodiments, the feedforward structure 103 is configured such that the voltage at its output terminal can change with the temperature of the controllable switching device 1021 to monitor whether the energy harvesting structure 102 has entered the working state and to provide pre-feedback to the control module 101.

[0107] Specifically, the control module 101 can determine that a predetermined condition is met when the voltage signal output by the feedforward structure 103 reaches a voltage range defined by a first preset value, and control the electronic switch 104 to open. The control module 101 can also determine that a recovery condition is met when the voltage signal output by the feedforward structure 103 reaches a voltage range defined by a second preset value, and issue the recovery signal. The first preset value and the second preset value are different. In this way, the control module 101 can respond promptly to temperature changes, cut off current flow in advance, avoid equipment damage caused by overheating, and enhance the safety and stability of the smart switch 10.

[0108] Furthermore, the feedforward structure 103 includes a temperature sensing device, which is thermally coupled to the heat dissipation area of ​​the controllable switching device 1021. As the electronic switch 104 closes, the energy harvesting structure 102 enters its operating state. The repeated switching of the controllable switching device 1021 causes its temperature to rise rapidly. This temperature change is directly transmitted to the temperature sensing device, which converts the temperature change into a voltage signal and feeds it back to the control module 101. This process enables real-time monitoring of the operating temperature of the controllable switching device 1021. The control module 101 determines whether a predetermined condition has been met based on this feedback signal and controls the electronic switch 104 to open accordingly, thereby preventing overheating damage.

[0109] In some embodiments, the smart switch 10 further includes a bottom shell, a circuit board mounting shell, and a button panel.

[0110] The bottom shell is used to house the circuit board and its various circuit components. The circuit board is provided with the energy harvesting structure 102, the electronic switch 104, the control module 101, the energy conversion structure 105, and other circuits.

[0111] The circuit board mounting housing is located on the open side of the bottom shell and is used to fix the circuit board. When the middle shell is separated from the bottom shell, the circuit board detaches from the bottom shell along with the middle shell. Specifically, the circuit board is not directly fixed to the bottom shell, but is fixed to the circuit board mounting housing. The circuit board mounting housing and the bottom shell are detachably connected. This design allows for convenient and quick removal of the circuit board during maintenance or replacement, reducing the difficulty of disassembly and maintenance, and also avoiding the impact of bottom shell deformation on the circuit board.

[0112] The button panel, located on the side of the middle shell opposite to the bottom shell, is used to receive button operations to trigger the control module 101 to switch the on / off state of the electronic switch 104. The button operation can be understood as triggering the corresponding button by touching or pressing. The buttons on the button panel correspond to detection switches on the circuit board. Each button operation triggers the corresponding detection switch and transmits a trigger signal to the control module 101, enabling the control module 101 to recognize and execute the corresponding operation.

[0113] It is worth mentioning that, in this embodiment, the controllable switch 1021 is disposed on the side of a circuit board facing the middle shell. Specifically, the controllable switch 1021 is disposed between the circuit board and the circuit board mounting shell. This design ensures effective heat dissipation for the controllable switch 1021 and facilitates the installation and removal of the circuit board. Furthermore, the installation position of the controllable switch 1021 fully considers both heat dissipation and ease of disassembly.

[0114] Furthermore, the temperature sensing device is attached to the heat dissipation surface formed by the controllable switching device 1021 on the circuit board. The heat dissipation surface can be understood as a specific area on the surface of the circuit board where the heat dissipation copper foil of the controllable switching device 1021 is located. The temperature sensing device is attached to this area so that it can quickly sense temperature changes and transmit feedback signals to the control module 101.

[0115] Furthermore, one of the package pins of the controllable switching device 1021 serves as the main heat dissipation surface and is soldered to the conductive and thermally conductive area of ​​the circuit board. This conductive and thermally conductive area extends along the edge of the controllable switching device 1021 towards the temperature sensing device, thereby achieving thermal coupling between the temperature sensing device and the controllable switching device 1021. Thus, by maximizing the thermal coupling effect of the controllable switching device 1021, the response capability of the temperature sensing device to temperature changes is enhanced.

[0116] In a specific example, the controllable switching device 1021 includes a MOSFET, one of the MOSFET's package pins also serving as the main heat dissipation surface; the wiring of the circuit board includes a thermally conductive copper area, and the MOSFET is soldered to this thermally conductive copper area through the pin that also serves as the heat dissipation surface; the thermally conductive copper area extends to the temperature sensing device through a thermally coupled trace.

[0117] In this embodiment, the thermally conductive copper plating area extends to the temperature sensing device through a thermally coupled trace, ensuring good heat exchange between the MOSFET and the temperature sensing device, enabling rapid response to temperature changes and feedback to the control module 101.

[0118] In a further example, the temperature sensing device is located within 1 cm of the edge of the MOSFET package. For instance, the temperature sensing device includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series. The connection point of the first and second resistors is the output terminal of the temperature sensing device, electrically connected to the control module 101. The second resistor is located within 1 cm of the edge of the MOSFET package, and its resistance changes as the temperature of the control switching device increases. Copper is laid between the second resistor and the MOSFET, further improving heat transfer efficiency and ensuring accurate measurement of temperature changes.

[0119] The control module 101 controls the electronic switch to switch from the on state to the off state in response to the signal output by the feedforward structure reaching a predetermined condition. Specifically, it is used to control the electronic switch to switch from the on state to the off state in response to the signal output by the temperature detection device indicating that the MOSFET temperature exceeds a set threshold.

[0120] Specifically, the control module 101 periodically (e.g., once per minute) predicts the temperature of the MOSFET by using a signal (such as a voltage signal) transmitted from the output of the temperature sensing device. When the signals collected for at least two consecutive cycles indicate that the temperature of the MOSFET is higher than a set threshold (when the voltage signal reaches a voltage range defined by a first preset value), all electronic switches are controlled to switch from the on state to the off state. After the electronic switches remain in the off state for a specified delay time (this specified delay time is set to be greater than or equal to 30 seconds, for example, 1 minute), the signal from the temperature sensing device is re-evaluated. If the signal output by the temperature sensing device (e.g., the signal collected for at least one cycle) indicates that the temperature of the MOSFET is lower than a recovery threshold (when the voltage signal reaches a voltage range defined by a second preset value), a recovery signal is sent out. During this process, if no button operation is detected, the off state of all electronic switches continues. The set threshold is set to be greater than or equal to 60 degrees Celsius, for example, 69 degrees Celsius. The recovery threshold is set to be less than the set threshold, for example, 59 degrees Celsius.

[0121] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "a specific implementation," "a specific implementation process," and "an example" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms corresponding to the described specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0122] It should also be noted that the above embodiments can be combined with each other. For the same or similar concepts or processes, they may not be described again in some embodiments. That is, the technical solutions disclosed in the later (in the order of the text) embodiments should include the technical solutions described in this embodiment and the technical solutions described in all embodiments before this embodiment.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit them. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure.

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