A rapid clearing device for material blockage in steel slag crushers

Abstract

This utility model discloses a rapid material clearing device for a steel slag crusher, comprising a crusher body, a bypass chute, and a switching mechanism. The crusher body consists of an upper housing and a primary toothed roller, with an opening on the side of the upper housing communicating with the bypass chute. The switching mechanism consists of a hydraulic cylinder and a switching baffle, with the hydraulic cylinder hinged to the switching baffle via a pin. During normal operation, the switching baffle smoothly connects to the inner wall of the upper housing, and the bypass chute is closed. When material blockage occurs in the crusher, the PLC control system automatically determines the blockage state based on the primary toothed roller speed signal detected by the speed sensor, and drives the hydraulic cylinder to push the switching baffle to open the chute. Simultaneously, it controls the primary toothed roller to reverse, allowing the blocked steel slag to be rapidly discharged under the action of reverse force and gravity. The device is equipped with limit switches to detect the open and closed positions, achieving interlocking of actions and automatic reset. This device has a compact structure, a high degree of automation, and can achieve rapid material clearing of steel slag blockage, improving operating efficiency and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of steel slag crushing technology, specifically to a device for quickly clearing blockages in a steel slag crusher. Background Technology

[0002] To achieve the resource-based reuse of steel slag, it needs to be processed through crushing, screening, and magnetic separation. Among these processes, the primary toothed roller crusher is widely used in the primary and secondary crushing stages of steel slag due to its compact structure, large crushing ratio, and strong adaptability. Existing steel slag crushing equipment generally consists of a primary toothed roller mechanism, an upper housing, a transmission device, and an electrical control system. The crushing operation of steel slag is achieved by a motor driving the primary toothed roller to rotate.

[0003] In actual production, due to the large size, high hardness, and complex composition of steel slag, crushers are prone to blockage during operation. When uncooled metal blocks, high-temperature molten slag, or foreign objects are mixed into the crushing chamber, the operation of the primary toothed roller is obstructed, causing the equipment to jam and stop. Currently, after blockage occurs, existing crushers typically require manual disassembly of the upper housing or external force to clear the blockage. This process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and poses safety hazards such as burns and mechanical crushing. Furthermore, although some crushers have added reversing functions or discharge gate structures, they lack automatic detection and control mechanisms, making it impossible to perform timely and effective troubleshooting when blockage occurs, thus affecting the continuous operation of the production line.

[0004] In summary, existing steel slag crushers still suffer from problems such as inconvenient cleaning, low automation, and high safety risks when processing high-hardness materials. Therefore, a rapid material blockage removal device for steel slag crushers is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to overcome existing defects and provide a rapid cleaning device for clogging in steel slag crushers. Through an electronic control system, it automatically detects and responds to blockages, and combined with the linkage between the reversal of the primary toothed roller and the opening of the chute, it achieves rapid removal of blockages, reducing the time required for traditional manual cleaning from several hours to just a few minutes. It avoids direct contact between operators and hazardous areas, significantly reducing safety risks. The use of limit switches ensures the accuracy and reliability of the operation, effectively solving the problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a rapid material clearing device for a steel slag crusher, comprising a crusher body, a bypass chute, and a switching mechanism. The crusher body includes an upper housing and a primary toothed roller disposed within the upper housing. The bypass chute is disposed on the side of the upper housing, and the two are connected by bolts. The outer side of the upper housing has a primary toothed roller bearing chamber, a pulley, and a reduction motor for driving the pulley. An opening communicating with the bypass chute is provided on the side of the upper housing. The bypass chute is used to discharge material when blockage occurs. The switching mechanism includes a switching baffle and a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the side of the bypass chute, and the switching baffle is disposed at the opening. In normal operation, the bypass chute is closed, and the switching baffle smoothly connects to the inner wall of the crushing chamber of the upper housing, without affecting normal crushing operations. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder passes into the bypass chute and is hinged to the side of the switching baffle. When cleaning is required... The switching baffle opens outward under the action of a hydraulic cylinder, forming a slag discharge channel at the opening. The slag discharge channel is opened and closed by the hydraulic cylinder, which has the advantages of simple structure and reliable operation. Limit switches are installed on the inner wall of the bypass chute. Two limit switches are installed to detect the extreme positions of the switching baffle, that is, the positions of fully open and fully closed. A speed sensor is installed on the bearing chamber on the outside of the upper housing. The speed sensor detects the speed of the first-stage toothed roller to determine whether to trigger the electrical control system to control the hydraulic station and whether the first-stage toothed roller reverses. The hydraulic cylinder, limit switches, and speed sensor are electrically connected to the PLC control system. The PLC control system determines whether the crusher is blocked based on the first-stage toothed roller speed signal and the motor load current signal. When a blockage is detected, the PLC control system controls the hydraulic cylinder to drive the first-stage toothed roller to reverse and simultaneously open the bypass chute to form an emergency slag discharge channel to achieve rapid clearing of the blocked material.

[0007] The speed sensor detects the rotational speed of the primary toothed roller in real time. When the detected value is lower than the preset threshold (50 rpm) and continues for a predetermined time (e.g., 3-5 seconds), the PLC control system automatically triggers the cleaning program, causing the primary toothed roller to stop and rotate in the reverse direction, while simultaneously driving the bypass chute to open.

[0008] Furthermore, the opening direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary toothed roller, and the inner wall of the bypass chute is lined with wear-resistant plates.

[0009] Furthermore, the limit switches include limit switch one and closing limit switch two, which are respectively set on the top surface of the inner wall of the bypass chute. A trigger rod is set on the side of the switching partition. Limit switch one and closing limit switch two are used to detect the fully open and fully closed state of the bypass chute and feed back the status signal to the PLC control system to realize action interlock.

[0010] The PLC control system has an automatic operation mode and a manual debugging mode. In automatic mode, it realizes closed-loop control of the crusher's operating status and cleaning process. In manual mode, the primary toothed roller reverses and the bypass chute opens and closes can be independently controlled via a button station.

[0011] Furthermore, a hinge joint is provided on the side of the switching partition. The hinge joint is welded to the switching partition. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hinge joint through a pin. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to an external oil pump through valves and pipelines.

[0012] Furthermore, two sets of hydraulic cylinders are provided and arranged in parallel. The two sets of hydraulic cylinders apply reliable thrust or pull force to the switching baffle to ensure reliable operation of the equipment.

[0013] Furthermore, a guide plate is provided on the lower left side of the opening. The guide plate serves to guide the material, allowing the steel slag to fall smoothly into the bypass chute.

[0014] Furthermore, a baffle plate is provided on the inner side of the switching partition. The baffle plates are evenly spaced and the teeth of the baffle plate are spaced apart from those of the first-stage toothed roller. The baffle plate serves to block the material and prevent the broken material from being carried upward by the first-stage toothed roller, thereby preventing the material from being blocked and rolled back.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model achieves automated and rapid obstacle removal in the case of material blockage in a steel slag crusher through the coordinated design of an electronic control system, a hydraulic mechanism, and a bypass chute. When the crusher detects abnormal speed of the primary toothed roller or excessive motor load during operation, the PLC control system can automatically determine the blockage state and trigger the cleaning program. It controls the primary toothed roller to reverse and the hydraulic cylinder to drive the bypass chute to open synchronously, forming a temporary slag discharge channel, allowing the blocked material to be quickly discharged under the action of reverse force and gravity. This process realizes fully automatic closed-loop control from detection to response to cleaning to reset, reducing the workload of several hours required for traditional manual cleaning to within a few minutes, greatly improving the operating efficiency and automation level of the equipment.

[0016] 2. This utility model features a simple and compact structural design with accurate and reliable operation; it achieves electrical interlock control to ensure coordinated and timely operation of each mechanism, preventing misoperation or repetitive actions; the symmetrical arrangement of the dual hydraulic cylinders ensures uniform distribution of thrust, guaranteeing stable movement of the switching baffle; the overall device has a reasonable installation position, facilitating direct installation on existing crushers without significant modifications to the upper housing structure; thus achieving low-cost technical transformation and facilitating its application in metallurgical solid waste treatment and ore crushing production lines.

[0017] 3. Compared with traditional manual cleaning methods, it fundamentally eliminates personal safety hazards; the system ensures reliable hydraulic action through limit detection, avoiding mechanical damage caused by accidental equipment start-up. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the test structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the switching partition of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the electrical control principle of this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram: 201 Hydraulic cylinder, 202 Bypass chute, 203 Upper housing, 204 Speed ​​sensor, 205 First-stage toothed roller, 206 Opening, 207 Baffle plate, 208 Switching partition, 209 Guide inclined plate, 2010 Limit switch, 2011 Trigger rod, 2012 Hinge joint. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution: a rapid material clearing device for a steel slag crusher, comprising a crusher body, a bypass chute 202, and a switching mechanism; the crusher body includes an upper housing 203 and a primary toothed roller 205 disposed within the upper housing 203, the bypass chute 202 is installed on the side of the upper housing 203 and connected by bolts; the outer side of the upper housing 203 is provided with a primary toothed roller bearing chamber, a pulley, and a reduction motor for driving the pulley to rotate, and an opening 206 communicating with the bypass chute 202 is provided on the side of the upper housing 203, the bypass chute 202 being used to discharge the blocking material when the crusher is blocked.

[0022] The switching mechanism includes a switching baffle 208 and a hydraulic cylinder 201. The hydraulic cylinder 201 is fixed to the side of the bypass chute 202. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 201 is inserted into the bypass chute 202 and hinged to the side of the switching baffle 208. The switching baffle 208 is set at the opening 206. Under normal working conditions, the bypass chute 202 remains closed, and the switching baffle 208 is smoothly connected to the inner wall of the upper box 203 without affecting the crushing operation. When the PLC control system determines that the crusher is blocked, the hydraulic cylinder 201 is activated to push the switching baffle 208 to open outward, forming a slag discharge channel at the opening 206, and the bypass chute 202 promptly discharges the blocked material.

[0023] Two limit switches 2010 are installed on the inner wall of the bypass chute 202 to detect the fully open and fully closed positions of the switching baffle 208. A speed sensor 204 is installed on the bearing chamber on the outer side of the upper housing 203 to detect the rotational speed signal of the primary toothed roller 205. The hydraulic cylinder 201, limit switches 2010 and speed sensor 204 are all electrically connected to the PLC control system. The PLC control system determines whether the crusher is blocked by detecting the rotational speed of the primary toothed roller 205 and the motor load current, and automatically controls the hydraulic cylinder 201 to drive the switching baffle 208 to open the bypass chute 202, while controlling the primary toothed roller 205 to reverse, so as to achieve rapid clearing of blocked materials. The speed sensor 204 detects the rotational speed of the primary toothed roller 205 in real time. When the detected value is lower than the preset threshold (50 rpm) for 3 to 5 seconds, the PLC system automatically triggers the cleaning program, causing the primary toothed roller 205 to stop and rotate in the reverse direction, while driving the bypass chute 202 to open.

[0024] In the above embodiment, the direction of the opening 206 is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary toothed roller 205. The inner wall of the bypass chute 202 is lined with a wear-resistant liner to prevent material roll-back during cleaning and to improve wear resistance. The limit switch 2010 includes a limit switch one and a closing limit switch two, which are respectively set on the top surface of the inner wall of the bypass chute 202. A trigger rod 2011 is set on the side of the switching partition 208 to detect the opening and closing status of the bypass chute 202 and feed the signal back to the PLC control system to realize interlock control. The PLC control system has an automatic operation mode and a manual debugging mode. In the automatic mode, it realizes closed-loop control of the crusher's operating status and cleaning process. In the manual mode, the primary toothed roller reverses and the bypass chute 202 opens and closes independently through the button station.

[0025] A hinge joint 2012 is provided on the side of the switching partition 208. The hinge joint 2012 is welded to the switching partition 208. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 201 is connected to the hinge joint 2012 through a pin. The hydraulic cylinder 201 is connected to an external oil pump through valves and pipelines to ensure reliable power transmission. The hydraulic cylinder 201 can be set into two sets and arranged in parallel. Through synchronous action, a uniform thrust is applied to the switching partition 208 to ensure smooth and reliable operation.

[0026] A guide plate 209 is provided on the lower left side of the opening 206 to guide the steel slag in the crushing chamber to the bypass chute 202 smoothly and prevent the material from accumulating at the opening; a baffle plate 207 is provided on the inner side of the switching baffle 208. The baffle plates 207 are arranged at equal intervals and are spaced apart from the first-stage toothed roller 205 to block the material and prevent the crushed material from being carried upward by the first-stage toothed roller 205 and causing blockage and backflow.

[0027] In use: This utility model uses a PLC control system to monitor the speed of the first-stage toothed roller and the load of the motor in real time, so as to realize the automatic identification and obstacle removal control of the blockage state of the steel slag crusher; when the crusher is running normally, the first-stage toothed roller 205 maintains a stable speed under the drive of the reduction motor to complete the crushing operation of steel slag; the speed sensor 204 continuously feeds back the speed signal of the first-stage toothed roller to the PLC system, and the PLC judges the material state in the crushing chamber according to the preset threshold.

[0028] When the primary toothed roller speed is detected to be between 66 rpm and 50 rpm for a certain period of time (e.g., 3-5 seconds), the PLC determines that a blockage has occurred in the crushing chamber; at this time, the PLC automatically executes the cleaning sequence: ① First, a stop command is issued to reduce the speed of the first-stage toothed roller 205 until the speed is 0; ② When the first-stage toothed roller 205 is detected to have completely stopped, the PLC controls the drive motor to run in reverse, causing the first-stage toothed roller 205 to start rotating in reverse. ③ Simultaneously issue hydraulic control commands to drive the hydraulic cylinder 201 to extend and push the switching baffle 208 to open the bypass chute 202, forming a slag discharge channel.

[0029] Under the combined action of the reversal of the primary toothed roller 205 and gravity, the steel slag material blocked in the crushing chamber is quickly carried out and discharged to the outside of the machine through the opened bypass chute 202. The PLC monitors the reversal status of the primary toothed roller and maintains the reversal operation time for 10 to 30 seconds to ensure that the blocked material is completely discharged. Subsequently, the PLC controls the hydraulic cylinder 201 to retract, driving the switching partition 208 to reset and close the chute. After closing, the closing limit switch 2010 on the inner wall of the bypass chute 202 is triggered. Based on this, the PLC system confirms that the device has been completely reset, automatically switches to the normal operation program, drives the primary toothed roller 205 to resume forward rotation, and the crusher is put back into operation.

[0030] To facilitate equipment debugging and emergency handling, the system also features a manual operation mode. Operators can independently control the forward and reverse rotation of the primary toothed roller 205 and the opening and closing of the bypass chute 202 via the on-site button station, achieving flexible control under manual intervention. Through the closed-loop coordination of automatic detection, automatic response, and reset logic, this device achieves rapid and reliable troubleshooting and automatic reset in the event of material blockage in the crusher, ensuring the safe and continuous operation of the crushing system.

[0031] This invention achieves automated material blockage detection and rapid cleaning of steel slag crushers through the coordinated design of electrical control, hydraulics, and mechanical structures, significantly improving equipment operating efficiency and safety. Upon detecting a blockage, the device automatically completes the entire process of stopping, reversing, opening the groove, discharging slag, and resetting, reducing cleaning time from several hours to several minutes, significantly reducing labor intensity and safety risks. Limit switches and PLC interlock control ensure accurate and reliable operation; the parallel arrangement of dual hydraulic cylinders ensures balanced thrust and smooth movement; wear-resistant liners and baffle plates extend the lifespan of key components and reduce maintenance costs; the compact structure allows for direct retrofitting of existing crushers with low investment and significant results, making it highly valuable for widespread adoption.

[0032] Hydraulic cylinder 201 can be adjusted to a single-cylinder, double-cylinder, or servo electric cylinder structure according to the size of the crusher and the thrust requirements; speed sensor 204 can be replaced with photoelectric encoder or Hall sensor to improve detection accuracy; limit switch 2010 can adopt proximity switch or photoelectric sensing element; wear-resistant liner can be made of high manganese steel, ceramic composite plate or polyurethane material; guide plate 209 can adjust angle or curvature according to material properties, and the surface can be sprayed with wear-resistant coating; baffle plate 207 can adopt detachable or multi-layer composite structure to adapt to materials of different particle sizes; PLC control system can be expanded to touch screen monitoring interface to realize automatic / manual mode switching, fault alarm and historical data recording, thereby improving system intelligence and maintenance convenience.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of this utility model. Various changes and modifications may be made to this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this utility model as claimed.

Claims

1. A rapid clearing device for material blockage in a steel slag crusher, comprising a crusher body, a bypass chute (202), and a switching mechanism, characterized in that: The crusher body includes an upper housing (203) and a primary toothed roller (205) disposed within the upper housing (203). A bypass chute (202) is disposed on the side of the upper housing (203), and the two are connected by bolts. An opening (206) communicating with the bypass chute (202) is provided on the side of the upper housing (203). The switching mechanism includes a switching partition (208) and a hydraulic cylinder (201). The hydraulic cylinder (201) is fixed on the side of the bypass chute (202), and the switching partition (208) is fixed on the side of the bypass chute (202). The hydraulic cylinder (201) is installed at the opening (206), and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (201) passes through the bypass chute (202) and is hinged to the side of the switching partition (208). A limit switch (2010) is installed on the inner wall of the bypass chute (202). Two limit switches (2010) are installed. A speed sensor (204) is installed on the bearing chamber outside the upper housing (203). The hydraulic cylinder (201), limit switch (2010), and speed sensor (204) are electrically connected to the PLC control system respectively.

2. The device for rapid clearing of blockages in a steel slag crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The direction of the opening (206) is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary toothed roller (205), and the inner wall of the bypass chute (202) is lined with wear-resistant lining.

3. The device for rapid clearing of blockages in a steel slag crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit switch (2010) includes a limit switch one and a closing limit switch two, which are respectively set on the top surface of the inner wall of the bypass chute (202), and a trigger rod (2011) is set on the side of the switching partition (208).

4. The device for rapid clearing of blockages in a steel slag crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hinge joint (2012) is provided on the side of the switching partition (208). The hinge joint (2012) is welded to the switching partition (208). The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (201) is connected to the hinge joint (2012) through a pin.

5. A rapid material clearing device for a steel slag crusher according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two sets of hydraulic cylinders (201) are provided, and the hydraulic cylinders (201) are arranged in parallel.

6. The rapid material clearing device for a steel slag crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide plate (209) is provided on the lower left side of the opening (206).

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