Non-destructive disassembly device for photovoltaic panel frames with heating device

Abstract

This invention provides a non-destructive disassembly device for photovoltaic panel frames with a heating element. The device includes a workbench with a photovoltaic panel fixing boss in the center. Photovoltaic panel frame clamping and traction mechanisms are installed on the four sides of the workbench. Each clamping and traction mechanism includes a support plate, a traction drive mechanism, and a clamping head. The support plate is fixed to the edge of the workbench, the traction drive mechanism is fixed to the outer side of the support plate away from the photovoltaic panel fixing boss, and the clamping head is located on the inner side of the support plate near the photovoltaic panel fixing boss and is installed at the control end of the traction drive mechanism. A pressure sensor is installed on the clamping surface of the clamping head. Ceramic heating elements are built into both the workbench surface and the photovoltaic panel fixing boss surface. This invention improves the disassembly efficiency of photovoltaic modules, reduces the disassembly difficulty, and significantly reduces damage to the glass during disassembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model pertains to a photovoltaic panel aluminum frame disassembly device, specifically a non-destructive disassembly device for photovoltaic panel frames equipped with a heating device. It uses a precise temperature-controlled heating platform to soften the interface adhesive layer, combined with a four-way synchronous mechanical traction system to achieve rapid frame peeling. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion and application of green energy, the photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly, and photovoltaic panels, as the core component in this field, are widely used in various applications. However, as the performance of photovoltaic modules degrades over time, their power generation efficiency gradually decreases. To achieve better power generation performance, new photovoltaic modules need to be replaced. How to efficiently and environmentally dispose of these discarded photovoltaic panels has become a major challenge for the industry. The recycling and reuse of discarded photovoltaic panels is not only related to environmental protection but also a crucial link in promoting resource recycling.

[0003] Existing silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) modules typically have a layered structure, including a cover glass, EVA, solar cells, EVA, and backsheet, all encapsulated and fixed with a metal frame. A junction box is installed behind the backsheet. The glass, silver, silicon wafers, and metal frame in PV modules all have high recycling value. Before recycling the valuable components like silicon wafers or glass from discarded PV modules, the metal frame must first be removed. However, the aluminum frame is bonded to the glass with high-strength silicone, and currently, the removal of the metal frame is mainly done manually. While this achieves the purpose of removal, the separation efficiency is slow (single panel removal time exceeds 30 minutes), time-consuming and labor-intensive, and manual removal can easily cause injury. Furthermore, adhesive residue can lead to a material recycling rate of less than 70%. To increase dismantling efficiency and reduce labor costs, mechanical methods such as cutting or high-temperature incineration are used for dismantling. However, traditional mechanical cutting easily damages the glass panel, and high-temperature incineration is highly polluting and energy-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a non-destructive disassembly device for photovoltaic panel frames with a heating device. This disassembly device can solve the problems of high glass breakage rate and low efficiency in traditional disassembly. The single operation time is less than 1 minute, and the material recovery rate is greater than 95%. It is particularly suitable for automated recycling production lines for photovoltaic modules.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a non-destructive disassembly device for photovoltaic panel frames with a heating device. The disassembly device includes a workbench with a photovoltaic panel fixing boss in the center. Photovoltaic panel frame clamping and traction mechanisms are installed on the four sides of the workbench. Each clamping and traction mechanism includes a support plate, a traction drive mechanism, and a clamping head. The support plate is fixed to the edge of the workbench, the traction drive mechanism is fixed to the outside of the support plate away from the photovoltaic panel fixing boss, and the clamping head is located on the inside of the support plate near the photovoltaic panel fixing boss and is installed at the control end of the traction drive mechanism. A pressure sensor is provided on the clamping surface of the clamping head. Ceramic heating elements are built into both the workbench surface and the photovoltaic panel fixing boss surface.

[0006] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a negative pressure chamber is provided in the workbench, and multiple negative pressure air holes communicating with the negative pressure chamber are opened on the photovoltaic panel fixing protrusion. The negative pressure chamber is provided with a negative pressure air pipe connector connected to an external air pump.

[0007] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: four sets of clamping and traction mechanisms are respectively set at the center of each side of the workbench. Each set of clamping and traction mechanisms has two guide columns on its clamping head. The two guide columns are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the traction drive mechanism. Guide holes are opened on the support plate accordingly. The two guide columns are slidably embedded in the corresponding guide holes. When the traction drive mechanism moves the clamping head, the guide columns slide along the corresponding guide holes.

[0008] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: The clamping head includes a traction plate fixed to the control end of the traction drive mechanism and an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate slidably mounted on the traction plate. An electromagnet is fixedly installed inside the traction plate, and the electromagnet is located between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate, with the upper and lower clamping plates symmetrically distributed with respect to the position of the electromagnet. Mounting cavities are provided above and below the electromagnet in the traction plate. Magnetic sliding blocks are fixed to the tail ends of the two clamping plates and are slidably mounted in the upper and lower mounting cavities via the magnetic sliding blocks. The side of each magnetic sliding block away from the electromagnet is connected to the wall of the corresponding mounting cavity via a spring. The pressure sensor is mounted on the traction plate.

[0009] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is that the traction drive mechanism is an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a telescopic motor.

[0010] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: The workbench is equipped with a control panel, and the ceramic heating element, air pump, and four sets of traction drive mechanisms are all connected to the control panel via signal connection. Temperature sensors are provided on the workbench surface and the surface of the photovoltaic panel fixing boss. The heating temperature of the ceramic heating element is controlled to be 80-200℃ via the control panel. A second pressure sensor is provided in the negative pressure chamber. The second pressure sensor and four sets of first pressure sensors are connected to the control panel via signal connection, and the pressure of the negative pressure chamber is controlled to be -20kPa to -100kPa via the control panel.

[0011] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: both the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are L-shaped clamping plates, the two clamping plates are arranged opposite to each other, and their clamping surfaces are respectively provided with buffer pads.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0013] (1) This utility model can simultaneously apply force to the four sides of the metal frame of the photovoltaic panel, increase the uniformity of the force, avoid the problem of glass breakage caused by stress concentration at a single point, and reduce the peel strength of the adhesive layer under pure shear stress to 15% of the original value due to the normal traction force, which greatly reduces the damage to the glass during the disassembly process.

[0014] (2) The present invention is equipped with a heating device, the heating is controlled below 150°C, and meets the silicone softening temperature of 80-120°C, which can soften the interface adhesive layer without damaging the EVA encapsulation film.

[0015] (3) This utility model is equipped with a force sensor to monitor the tension in real time, and stops immediately if the limit is exceeded. In addition, a nylon buffer pad (hardness Shore 70A) is added to the frame clamping area, which reduces the damage to the glass during disassembly.

[0016] (4) The processing time of a single photovoltaic panel of this utility model is less than 60 seconds, which is 30 times more efficient than manual labor; the glass integrity rate after disassembly is >99%, and the silicon wafer recycling rate is increased to 95%. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of section A in the middle;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamping head in this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is the control principle diagram of this utility model.

[0021] In the diagram: 1—Workbench, 2—Photovoltaic panel fixing boss, 3—Clamping and traction mechanism, 300—Support plate, 301—Traction drive mechanism, 302—Clamping head, 3021—Traction plate, 3022—Upper clamping plate, 3023—Lower clamping plate, 3024—Electromagnet, 3025—Mounting cavity, 3026—Magnetic sliding block, 3027—Spring, 303—Guide column, 304—Pressure sensor, 4—Negative pressure air hole, 5—Negative pressure air pipe connector, 6—Control panel. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 4 All accompanying drawings are simplified versions of embodiments and are intended solely for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the embodiments of this utility model. The technical solutions shown in the drawings below are specific solutions of embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] The embodiment provides a non-destructive disassembly device for photovoltaic panel frames with a heating device, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the disassembly device includes a workbench 1, with a photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2 in the center. The workbench 1 contains a negative pressure chamber, and the photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2 has multiple negative pressure air holes 4 communicating with the negative pressure chamber. The negative pressure chamber is equipped with a negative pressure air pipe connector 5 connected to an external air pump. The photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2 is used to contact the photovoltaic panel. The holes on the boss communicate with the internal negative pressure chamber, allowing air to be drawn from the chamber via an air pump. The holes on the boss then use negative pressure to adhere and fix the photovoltaic panel. Ceramic heating elements are built into the surfaces of both the workbench 1 and the photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2 to heat the boss and the workbench surface. This heat is then conducted to the aluminum frame and the photovoltaic panel, melting the waterproof sealant between them.

[0025] In the embodiments, such asFigures 1 to 3 As shown, a photovoltaic panel frame clamping and traction mechanism 3 is installed on each of the four sides of the workbench 1. The clamping and traction mechanism 3 includes a support plate 300, a traction drive mechanism 301, and a clamping head 302. The support plate 300 is fixed to the edge of the workbench 1. The traction drive mechanism 301 is fixed on the outside of the support plate 300 away from the photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2. The clamping head 302 is located on the inside of the support plate 300 near the photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2 and is installed at the control end of the traction drive mechanism 301. A pressure sensor 305 is provided on the clamping surface of the clamping head 302. Four sets of clamping and traction mechanisms 3 are respectively set at the center of each side of the workbench 1. Each clamping head 302 of the clamping and traction mechanism 3 is equipped with two guide posts 303. The two guide posts 303 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the traction drive mechanism 301. Guide holes are correspondingly opened on the support plate 300. The two guide posts 303 are slidably embedded in the corresponding guide holes. When the traction drive mechanism 301 pulls the clamping head 302 to move, the guide posts 303 slide along the corresponding guide holes to ensure that the clamping head 302 can be stably displaced. The clamping heads 302 around the four sides approach and fit against the aluminum frame. The pressure sensor 305 on the clamping head 302 senses whether it is in contact. Then, the traction drive mechanism 301 pulls the clamping head 302 to drive the aluminum frame to move outward, easily removing the heated aluminum frame from the photovoltaic panel. In order to disassemble the aluminum frame on all four sides at the same time, the four sets of traction drive mechanisms 301 can be controlled to work synchronously. The traction drive mechanism 301 is an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a telescopic motor.

[0026] In the embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the clamping head 302 includes a traction plate 3021 fixed to the control end of the traction drive mechanism 301, and an upper clamping plate 3022 and a lower clamping plate 3023 slidably mounted on the traction plate 3021. An electromagnet 3024 is fixedly installed inside the traction plate 3021. The electromagnet 3024 is located between the upper clamping plate 3022 and the lower clamping plate 3023, and the upper clamping plate 3022 and the lower clamping plate 3023 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the position of the electromagnet 3024. There are mounting cavities 3025 above and below the electromagnet 3024 in the traction plate 3021. Magnetic sliding blocks 3026 are fixed to the tail ends of the two clamping plates and are slidably mounted in the upper and lower mounting cavities 3025 through the magnetic sliding blocks 3026. The side of each magnetic sliding block 3026 away from the electromagnet 3024 is connected to the wall of the corresponding mounting cavity through a spring 3027. The pressure sensor 305 is disposed on the traction plate 3021. Both the upper clamping plate 3022 and the lower clamping plate 3023 are L-shaped clamping plates, arranged opposite each other, with buffer pads on their clamping surfaces. The movement of the upper and lower clamping plates is controlled by the magnetic attraction of the electromagnet 3024. When the device is not in use, or when the upper and lower clamping plates are not needed to clamp the aluminum frame, the electromagnet 3024 is de-energized. At this time, the two magnetic sliding blocks 3026 are pulled away from the electromagnet 3024 by the spring 3027, and the upper and lower clamping plates are separated. When it is necessary to drive the upper and lower clamping plates to clamp, the electromagnet 3024 is energized. At this time, the electromagnet 3024 will generate magnetic force, attracting the two magnetic sliding blocks 3026 to move closer to each other. The two magnetic sliding blocks 3026 drive the two clamping plates to move towards each other along the traction plate 3021, thereby clamping and fixing the aluminum frame.

[0027] In the embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the workbench is equipped with a control panel 6. The ceramic heating element, air pump, and four sets of traction drive mechanisms are all connected to the control panel via signal. Temperature sensors are installed on the workbench surface and the surface of the photovoltaic panel fixing boss. The heating temperature of the ceramic heating element is controlled to be 80-200℃ via the control panel. A second pressure sensor is installed in the negative pressure chamber. The second pressure sensor and four sets of first pressure sensors are connected to the control panel via signal. The pressure of the negative pressure chamber is controlled to be -20kPa to -100kPa via the control panel.

[0028] In operation, taking a photovoltaic monocrystalline silicon 610 module as an example, with dimensions of 2384mm x 1134mm, the photovoltaic module is placed on the workbench 1, with the photovoltaic panel located on the photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2 and the aluminum frame located outside the photovoltaic panel fixing boss 2. The device is connected to an air pump, and pneumatic vacuum adsorption is used to control the vacuum pressure in the negative pressure chamber to -70kPa. The photovoltaic panel is fixed on the boss by the vacuum negative pressure, and the control panel 6 controls the heating to 100℃. After the temperature is reached, a 15-second countdown begins, and the clamping head is controlled to clamp the aluminum frame with a clamping force of 150N. Then, the traction drive mechanism 301 pulls the clamping head outward, thereby causing the aluminum frame to separate from the photovoltaic panel. After separation, the clamping mechanism removes the frame, the boss 2 removes the photovoltaic panel, and the disassembly is completed.

[0029] The verification results of the effect of this utility model on disassembling the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic panel are shown in the table below:

[0030] Single board time 32 min 48s Glass breakage rate 18% 0.3% Frame distortion rate 45% 0%

[0031] The above description is merely one embodiment of this utility model, and while it is quite specific and detailed, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A non-destructive disassembly device for photovoltaic panel frames with a heating element, characterized in that: The disassembly device includes a workbench (1), a photovoltaic panel fixing boss (2) is provided in the middle of the workbench (1), and a photovoltaic panel frame clamping and traction mechanism (3) is installed on the four sides of the workbench (1). The clamping and traction mechanism (3) includes a support plate (300), a traction drive mechanism (301) and a clamping head (302). The support plate (300) is fixed to the edge of the workbench (1), the traction drive mechanism (301) is fixed to the outside of the support plate (300) away from the photovoltaic panel fixing boss (2), and the clamping head (302) is located on the inside of the support plate (300) near the photovoltaic panel fixing boss (2) and is installed at the control end of the traction drive mechanism (301). A first pressure sensor (305) is provided on the clamping surface of the clamping head (302). Ceramic heating elements are built into the table surface of the workbench (1) and the table surface of the photovoltaic panel fixing boss (2).

2. The photovoltaic panel frame non-destructive disassembly device with heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (1) is provided with a negative pressure chamber. Multiple negative pressure air holes (4) communicating with the negative pressure chamber are opened on the photovoltaic panel fixing boss (2). The negative pressure chamber is provided with a negative pressure air pipe connector (5) connected to an external air pump.

3. A non-destructive disassembly device for a photovoltaic panel frame with a heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Four sets of clamping and traction mechanisms (3) are respectively set at the center of each side of the workbench (1). Each clamping head (302) of the clamping and traction mechanism (3) is provided with two guide columns (303). The two guide columns (303) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the traction drive mechanism (301). Guide holes are correspondingly opened on the support plate (300). The two guide columns (303) are slidably embedded in the corresponding guide holes. When the traction drive mechanism (301) pulls the clamping head (302) to move, the guide columns (303) slide along the corresponding guide holes.

4. A non-destructive disassembly device for a photovoltaic panel frame with a heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The clamping head (302) includes a traction plate (3021) fixed to the control end of the traction drive mechanism (301) and an upper clamping plate (3022) and a lower clamping plate (3023) slidably mounted on the traction plate (3021). An electromagnet (3024) is fixedly installed inside the traction plate (3021). The electromagnet (3024) is located between the upper clamping plate (3022) and the lower clamping plate (3023), and the upper clamping plate (3022) and the lower clamping plate (3023) are positioned relative to the position of the electromagnet (3024). The components are symmetrically distributed; an installation cavity (3025) is provided above and below the electromagnet (3024) in the traction plate (3021); a magnetic sliding block (3026) is fixed at the tail end of the two clamping plates and is slidably installed in the upper and lower installation cavities (3025) through the magnetic sliding block (3026); the side of each magnetic sliding block (3026) away from the electromagnet (3024) is connected to the wall of the corresponding side installation cavity through a spring (3027); the first pressure sensor (305) is set on the traction plate (3021).

5. A non-destructive disassembly device for a photovoltaic panel frame with a heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The traction drive mechanism (301) is an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a telescopic motor.

6. A non-destructive disassembly device for a photovoltaic panel frame with a heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The workbench (1) is equipped with a control panel (6). The ceramic heating element, the air pump, and the four sets of traction drive mechanisms (301) are all connected to the control panel (6) via signal. Temperature sensors are provided on the table surface of the workbench (1) and the table surface of the photovoltaic panel fixing boss (2). The heating temperature of the ceramic heating element is controlled to be 80-200℃ via the control panel (6). A second pressure sensor is provided in the negative pressure chamber. The second pressure sensor and the four sets of first pressure sensors (305) are connected to the control panel (6) via signal. The pressure of the negative pressure chamber is controlled to be -20kPa to -100kPa via the control panel (6).

7. A non-destructive disassembly device for a photovoltaic panel frame with a heating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the upper clamping plate (3022) and the lower clamping plate (3023) are L-shaped clamping plates, and the two clamping plates are arranged opposite to each other, with buffer pads on their clamping surfaces.

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