A wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of ultra-precision polishing machine technology, and discloses a wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision. It includes a device housing mechanism, an XYZ three-axis motion mechanism, a workpiece clamping motion mechanism, an excitation mechanism, and a control system mechanism. The XYZ three-axis motion mechanism is fixed to the device housing mechanism and drives the polishing wheel to complete various processing trajectories. The polishing wheel in the excitation mechanism has a ring magnet and a magnetic yoke inside, generating a gradient magnetic field on the surface of the polishing wheel, thereby forming a polishing belt. The workpiece clamping mechanism drives the worktable to rotate via a drive motor, thereby causing the polished workpiece to rotate. The control system mechanism controls each mechanism, facilitating worker operation. This utility model provides a wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision. The polishing wheel forms a stable polishing belt, resulting in uniform processing pressure distribution and significantly improving processing accuracy. The rotation of the polished workpiece greatly improves processing accuracy and efficiency while reducing labor costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of ultra-precision machining, specifically relating to a wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device that can achieve high precision. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the optical technology industry, the requirements for magnetorheological polishing technology in optical material processing have been increasing. Magnetorheological polishing technology utilizes the rheological properties of magnetorheological polishing fluids in a magnetic field, combining electromagnetism, fluid dynamics, and chemistry into optical processing. It is applicable to polishing optical parts of any geometric shape. As a highly efficient precision machining technology, it offers higher efficiency, higher accuracy, and higher surface quality compared to traditional techniques. The polishing equipment has a crucial impact on the processing efficiency and surface quality of optical materials. Reasonable excitation device and fixture design, as well as optimization of control system parameters, can improve workpiece removal accuracy, surface quality, and processing efficiency.

[0003] Most current magnetorheological polishing devices operate with a rotating polishing wheel and a stationary workpiece, resulting in low polishing efficiency and surface finish. For large quantities of workpieces requiring high-efficiency processing, this can lead to issues such as failure to meet deadlines or substandard machining accuracy. Therefore, a high-precision wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device has been designed to address this problem. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device that can achieve high precision, thereby solving the problems of low polishing efficiency and low processing accuracy of existing magnetorheological polishing devices, so as to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency magnetorheological polishing of workpieces.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a high-precision wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device, comprising a device housing mechanism, an XYZ three-axis motion mechanism, a workpiece clamping motion mechanism, an excitation mechanism, a control system mechanism, and a workpiece; the device housing mechanism supports the entire machine and reduces external interference; the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism is fixed on the base plate of the device housing mechanism, and drives a threaded rod to rotate via a drive motor, thereby driving the slider to move linearly, realizing the free movement of the polishing wheel to meet the XYZ three-axis motion trajectory; the workpiece clamping motion mechanism is fixed on the support mechanism and is used for clamping and rotating the workpiece; the excitation mechanism is fixed on the Z-axis slider in the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism, and is equipped with a liquid supply pipe for adding magnetorheological polishing fluid to the polishing wheel, utilizing the rheological effect of the polishing wheel on the magnetorheological polishing fluid to form a strip polishing band for processing the workpiece surface.

[0006] Furthermore, the control system includes a control box, a main unit, and control buttons. The main unit is located inside the control box and is used to control the operation of each motion mechanism. The control buttons are used for manual operation control.

[0007] Furthermore, the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism includes an X-axis motion system, a Y-axis motion system, and a Z-axis motion system. The X-axis motion system includes an X-axis drive motor, an X-axis drive motor mounting bracket, an X-axis coupling, an X-axis U-shaped fixing block, an X-axis slider, an X-axis guide rail, an X-axis threaded rod, and an X-axis guide rail plate. The X-axis drive motor and the X-axis drive motor mounting bracket are connected by hexagon socket head cap screws. The X-axis threaded rod is connected to the X-axis drive motor via the X-axis coupling. The X-axis guide rail and the X-axis threaded rod are mounted parallel to each other on the X-axis guide rail plate. The X-axis slider is mounted on the X-axis guide rail and the X-axis threaded rod and connected by bolts, and the whole system is fixed on the X-axis guide rail plate. An X-axis U-shaped fixing block is provided on the other side of the X-axis threaded rod to fix the position of the X-axis threaded rod and limit the slider, preventing derailment. An X-axis rolling bearing is provided at the center hole of the X-axis drive motor mounting bracket and the X-axis U-shaped fixing block to reduce the friction coefficient of the X-axis threaded rod and ensure its smooth and accurate rotation. The Y-axis motion system includes a Y-axis drive motor, a Y-axis guide rail plate, and an X-axis guide rail plate. The system comprises: a Y-axis drive motor mounting bracket, a Y-axis coupling, a Y-axis U-shaped fixing block, a Y-axis slider, a Y-axis guide rail, and a Y-axis threaded rod; the Y-axis guide rail is assembled with bolts and the Y-axis threaded rod and mounted on a base plate, with a Y-axis U-shaped fixing block at the end of the Y-axis guide rail; the Y-axis drive motor is connected to the Y-axis drive motor mounting bracket via hexagon socket head cap screws; the Y-axis slider is mounted on the Y-axis guide rail and the Y-axis threaded rod; the bottom of the L-shaped support frame is connected to the Y-axis slider, and the top is connected to the X-axis guide rail plate; the Z-axis motion system includes a Z-axis drive motor, a Z-axis drive motor mounting bracket, a Z-axis coupling, a Z-axis slider, a Z-axis guide rail, a Z-axis threaded rod, a Z-axis guide rail plate, and an L-shaped support frame; the Z-axis drive motor and the Z-axis drive motor mounting bracket are connected by bolts, the Z-axis threaded rod and the Z-axis guide rail are mounted on the Z-axis guide rail plate, and the Z-axis slider is mounted on the Z-axis guide rail and the Z-axis threaded rod; the Z-axis guide rail plate is connected to the X-axis slider.

[0008] Furthermore, the workpiece clamping motion mechanism includes a synchronous belt drive motor, a synchronous belt, a first synchronous belt pulley, a second synchronous belt pulley, a support frame, a drive motor mounting plate, a cylindrical mounting table, a disc mounting table, a workpiece disc spindle, a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a third sleeve, a first positioning ring, a second positioning ring, a worktable, a planetary disk, a clamping block, a positioning block, rolling bearings, and bearing retaining rings. The first synchronous belt pulley is mounted on the synchronous belt drive motor and, together with the second synchronous belt pulley and the synchronous belt, forms a synchronous belt transmission mechanism. The synchronous belt drive motor is bolted to the drive motor mounting plate, which is connected to the support frame. The tension of the synchronous belt mechanism is adjusted by a long bolt passing through the positioning block and connected to the drive motor mounting plate. The second synchronous belt pulley is connected to the workpiece disc spindle. The first sleeve, second sleeve, and third sleeve are assembled to form a sleeve assembly. The sleeve assembly and rolling bearings are fitted around the workpiece disk spindle to provide rotational support; rolling bearings are provided at the top and bottom of the first and second sleeves assembled together; the workpiece disk spindle is assembled with the sleeve assembly; a first positioning ring and a bearing retaining ring are installed at the bottom of the workpiece disk spindle to limit the axial position of the rolling bearings and the sleeve assembly, and the top is connected to the planetary disk by bolts; a second positioning ring and a first positioning ring are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the third sleeve, and are fitted into the sleeve assembly; the cylindrical fixed platform and the disk fixed platform are connected by bolts and fixed on the support frame; the worktable is fixed on the planetary disk; the clamping block is fixed to the worktable by threads for clamping the workpiece; the support frame is fixed to the base plate by threads; the drive motor drives the synchronous belt mechanism to move, thereby driving the workpiece disk spindle to rotate, thus causing the worktable to drive the workpiece to rotate.

[0009] Furthermore, the excitation mechanism includes a polishing wheel drive motor, a drive motor mounting bracket, a polishing wheel mounting bracket, a polishing wheel transmission shaft, a fixed disc, a round-headed flat key, a rolling bearing, a bearing end cover, a first fixing plate, a connecting shaft, an adapter block, a liquid supply pipe, a polishing wheel transmission shaft coupling, and a second fixing plate; the polishing wheel includes an annular magnet, a magnetic yoke, a circular outer shell, and a baffle; the polishing wheel drive motor and the polishing wheel transmission shaft are connected via the polishing wheel transmission shaft coupling and fixed on the drive motor mounting bracket; the polishing wheel is mounted on the polishing wheel transmission shaft, and the polishing wheel transmission shaft is fixed on the polishing wheel... The polishing wheel is mounted on a wheel fixing frame; rolling bearings are installed at the center of each side of the fixing frame, and bearing end caps are installed on the outer side; the two annular magnets are separated by a baffle and wrapped by a magnetic yoke, which is wrapped by a circular shell; the annular magnets have the same pole facing each other; the two fixing discs are fixed to the polishing wheel drive shaft by round-headed flat keys to fix the axial position of the polishing wheel; the adapter block is connected to the connecting shaft and assembled on the Z-axis slider to realize the free movement of the polishing wheel; the liquid supply pipe is fixed in the hole of the second fixing plate to add magnetorheological polishing liquid to the surface of the polishing wheel.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this utility model of a high-precision wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device are as follows: 1. This utility model has a drive motor, a synchronous belt mechanism, a workpiece disc spindle, and a worktable in the workpiece clamping mechanism. By controlling the drive motor to drive the synchronous belt mechanism to move, the workpiece can be rotated, which effectively improves the polishing accuracy and efficiency; 2. This utility model uses an XYZ three-axis motion mechanism to drive the polishing wheel to complete a complex trajectory movement on the workpiece, which improves the processing uniformity and thus enhances the processing accuracy of the workpiece surface. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device of this utility model, which can achieve high precision.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism of this utility model.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece clamping motion mechanism of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the workpiece clamping motion mechanism of this utility model.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the workpiece clamping motion mechanism of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the excitation mechanism of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing wheel in the excitation mechanism of this utility model.

[0018] Legend: 1. Device housing mechanism; 111. Base plate; 2. XYZ three-axis motion mechanism; 21. X-axis motion system; 210. X-axis drive motor; 211. X-axis drive motor mounting bracket; 212. X-axis coupling; 213. X-axis U-shaped fixing block; 214. X-axis slider; 215. X-axis guide rail; 216. X-axis threaded rod; 217. X-axis guide rail plate; 22. Y-axis motion system; 221. Y-axis drive motor; 222. Y-axis drive motor mounting bracket; 223. Y-axis coupling; 224. Y-axis U-shaped fixing block; 225. 226. Y-axis slider; 227. Y-axis guide rail; 23. Y-axis threaded rod; 24. Z-axis motion system; 231. Z-axis drive motor; 232. Z-axis drive motor mounting bracket; 233. Z-axis coupling; 234. Z-axis slider; 235. Z-axis guide rail; 236. Z-axis threaded rod; 237. Z-axis guide rail plate; 241. L-shaped support frame; 3. Workpiece clamping motion mechanism; 31. Synchronous belt mechanism; 312. Synchronous belt; 313. First synchronous belt pulley; 314. Second synchronous belt pulley; 311. Synchronous belt drive motor; 315. Support... Support frame; 316. Drive motor mounting plate; 317. Cylindrical mounting table; 318. Disc mounting table; 319. Workpiece disc spindle; 32. Sleeve assembly; 320. First sleeve; 321. Second sleeve; 322. Third sleeve; 323. First positioning ring; 324. Second positioning ring; 325. Worktable; 326. Planetary disk; 327. Fixture block; 328. Positioning block; 329. Rolling bearing; 330. Bearing retainer; 4. Excitation mechanism; 41. Polishing wheel; 411. Polishing wheel drive motor; 412. Drive motor 413. Polishing wheel fixing bracket; 414. Polishing wheel drive shaft; 415. Fixing disc; 416. Round-headed flat key; 417. Rolling bearing; 418. Bearing end cover; 419. First fixing plate; 420. Connecting shaft; 425. Adaptor block; 426. Liquid supply pipe; 427. Polishing wheel drive shaft coupling; 428. Second fixing plate; 422. Ring magnet; 423. Magnetic yoke; 424. Circular outer shell; 429. Baffle; 5. Control system mechanism; 501. Control box; 503. Control button; 502. Main unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the advantages, objectives, and features of this utility model more readily understood, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, a high-precision wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device is disclosed. The outer shell mechanism 1 supports and seals the entire machine, reduces external interference, and ensures a stable processing environment. The XYZ three-axis motion mechanism 2 controls the excitation mechanism 4 to complete the XYZ three-axis motion trajectory and adjust the gap between the polishing wheel 41 and the workpiece. The workpiece clamping motion mechanism 3 is used to clamp the workpiece and drive its rotation. The tension of the synchronous belt mechanism 31 can be adjusted by tightening the long bolt, facilitating the disassembly and maintenance of the workpiece clamping motion mechanism 3. The excitation mechanism 4 uses the polishing wheel 41 to form a strip polishing belt with the magnetorheological polishing fluid to polish the workpiece surface. A certain gap is left between the ring magnet 422 and the magnetic yoke 423 in the polishing wheel 41 to increase the magnetic field strength and make the polishing belt more stable. The control system mechanism 5 is used to control each mechanism.

[0021] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the Z-axis drive motor 231 is driven by the control system mechanism 5, which drives the Z-axis threaded rod 236 to rotate, thereby causing the Z-axis slider 234 to move along the Z-axis guide rail 235. The Z-axis slider 234 is mounted on the Z-axis guide rail 235. To ensure operational stability, a limit structure is provided at the end of the Z-axis guide rail plate 237 to prevent the slider from derailing. Similarly, the X-axis drive motor 210 is driven by the control system mechanism 5, which drives the X-axis threaded rod 216 to rotate, thereby causing the X-axis slider 214 to move along the X-axis guide rail 215. An X-axis U-shaped fixing block 213 is provided at the end of the X-axis guide rail plate 217 to prevent the slider from derailing. The Y-axis drive motor 221 is driven by the control system mechanism 5, which drives the Y-axis threaded rod 227 to rotate, thereby causing the Y-axis slider 225 to move along the Y-axis guide rail 226. A Y-axis U-shaped fixing block 224 is provided at the end of the Y-axis guide rail plate 226 to prevent the slider from derailing and to stabilize the motion structure. The Z-axis motion system 23 connects the Z-axis guide plate 237 to the X-axis slider 214 via bolts, thus connecting the Z-axis motion system 23 to the X-axis motion system 21. The X-axis motion system 21 connects the X-axis guide plate 217 to the Y-axis slider 225 via an L-shaped support frame 241, enabling the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism 2 to move in all directions of the XYZ axes. The XYZ three-axis motion mechanism 2 is connected to the excitation mechanism 4 via the Z-axis slider 234 via bolts.

[0022] Furthermore, the excitation mechanism 4 drives the polishing wheel drive shaft 414 via the polishing wheel drive motor 411, thereby rotating the polishing wheel 41. The polishing wheel drive motor 411 and the polishing wheel drive shaft 414 are connected via a coupling 427. The polishing wheel 41 is fixed on the polishing wheel drive shaft 414 and consists of a ring magnet 422, a magnetic yoke 423, a circular outer shell 424, and a baffle 429. The magnetic yoke 423 can provide a closed magnetic circuit, enhance the magnetic field strength, and reduce magnetic leakage and energy loss. A gap is left between the ring magnet 422 and the magnetic yoke 423 to improve the magnetic field strength. The liquid supply pipe 426 is used to add magnetorheological polishing fluid to the polishing wheel 41.

[0023] In this embodiment, the control system mechanism 5 controls the rotation of the threaded rods of each axis via drive motors. The rotation of the threaded rods drives the movement of the sliders that cooperate with them, ultimately realizing the movement of the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism 2. The control system mechanism 5 controls the polishing wheel drive motor to drive the polishing wheel transmission shaft 414 to rotate, which in turn drives the polishing wheel 41 to rotate. When the polishing wheel 41 rotates at low speed, magnetorheological polishing fluid is added to the supply pipe 426, so that the magnetorheological polishing fluid covers the polishing wheel 41. Under the action of the gradient magnetic field, it undergoes a rheological effect to form a stable polishing band. Through the mutual cooperation between the axial systems of the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism 2, the polishing wheel 41 is driven to complete the XYZ three-axis motion trajectory.

[0024] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the fixture block 327 and the worktable 325 are fixed to the workpiece by bolts. The worktable 325 is fixed below the planetary disk 326 and is driven to rotate by the workpiece disk spindle 319. The top and bottom of the first sleeve 320 and the second sleeve 321 are equipped with rolling bearings 329, and the bearing retainer 330 is installed below the rolling bearings 329. The bottom of the workpiece disk spindle 319 is equipped with a first positioning ring 323 and a bearing retainer 330 to limit the axial position of the rolling bearings 329 and the sleeve assembly 32. The top and bottom of the third sleeve 322 are respectively equipped with a second positioning ring 324 and a first positioning ring 323, and are fitted into the second sleeve 321. The cylindrical fixing table 317 and the disk fixing table 318 are assembled on the sleeve assembly 32 to stabilize the structure. The synchronous belt drive motor 311 is connected to and fixed on the drive motor mounting plate 316, and the first synchronous belt pulley 313 is mounted on the synchronous belt drive motor 311. Together with the second synchronous belt pulley 314 and the synchronous belt 312, they form a synchronous belt transmission mechanism 31. The tension of the synchronous belt mechanism 31 is adjusted by connecting a long bolt through the positioning block 328 to the drive motor mounting plate 316.

[0025] In this embodiment, the workpiece is placed on the worktable 325, and the clamping block 327 is fixed to the worktable 325 with bolts to clamp the workpiece. The synchronous belt drive motor 311 drives the synchronous belt 313 and the second synchronous belt pulley 314 to rotate through the first synchronous belt pulley 313, thereby transmitting power to the workpiece disc spindle 319, which in turn drives the worktable 325 to rotate. The rotation of the worktable 325 causes the fixed workpiece to rotate accordingly, realizing the workpiece's self-rotation, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of polishing. The control system mechanism 5 drives the polishing wheel drive motor 411 to rotate at low speed. Magnetorheological polishing fluid is added through the liquid supply pipe 426, forming a polishing belt on the polishing wheel 41. By pressing the control button 503, the synchronous belt drive motor 311 is controlled to drive the workpiece to rotate, and the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism 2 is controlled to adjust the relative position between the polishing wheel 41 and the workpiece to achieve magnetorheological polishing.

Claims

1. A wheel type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision, characterized in that, include: The outer casing mechanism (1) is used for overall machine support and to reduce external interference; The XYZ three-axis motion mechanism (2) is fixed on the base plate (111) of the device housing mechanism (1) and drives the polishing wheel (41) to realize the XYZ three-axis motion trajectory; the workpiece clamping motion mechanism (3) is fixed on the base plate (111) and is used to clamp the workpiece and drive it to rotate; the excitation mechanism (4) is installed on the Z-axis slider (234) in the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism (2), and the polishing wheel (41) is provided with a magnet and a magnetic yoke, which generates a gradient magnetic field on the surface of the polishing wheel (41) and then forms a polishing belt on it; the control system mechanism (5) is used to control the entire device.

2. The high-precision wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device of claim 1, wherein, The XYZ three-axis motion mechanism (2) includes an X-axis motion system (21), a Y-axis motion system (22), and a Z-axis motion system (23). The X-axis motion system (21) is mounted on the Y-axis slider (225) of the Y-axis motion system (22) via an L-shaped support frame (241). The Z-axis motion system (23) is mounted on the X-axis slider (214) of the X-axis motion system (21). Each axis motion mechanism includes a drive motor, a threaded rod, a guide rail, and a slider. The threaded rod is driven by the drive motor. The slider cooperates with the threaded rod and the guide rail.

3. The wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece clamping motion mechanism (3) includes a sleeve assembly (32), a synchronous belt drive motor (311), a synchronous belt (312), a first synchronous belt pulley (313), a second synchronous belt pulley (314), a support frame (315), a drive motor fixing plate (316), a workpiece disk spindle (319), a worktable (325), a planetary disk (326), and a clamping block (327); the synchronous belt drive motor (311) and the drive motor fixing plate (316) are connected and fixed to the support frame (315) by bolts; the position of the drive motor fixing plate (316) can be adjusted by long bolts, thereby controlling the tension of the synchronous belt mechanism (31); the synchronous belt drive motor (311) drives the synchronous belt mechanism ( 31) Motion; the first synchronous pulley (313) and the second synchronous pulley (314) are connected by a synchronous belt (312) to form the synchronous belt mechanism (31); the first synchronous pulley (313) is mounted on the synchronous belt drive motor (311), and the second synchronous pulley (314) is mounted on the workpiece disc spindle (319); the sleeve assembly (32) and the rolling bearing (329) are sleeved on the outside of the workpiece disc spindle (319) to provide rotational support; the worktable (325) is fixed by a planetary disk (326); the planetary disk (326) and the workpiece disc spindle (319) are fixed by hexagonal socket head cap screws; the clamp block (327) is fixed on the worktable (325) by threads for clamping the workpiece.

4. The wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The excitation mechanism (4) includes a polishing wheel (41), a polishing wheel drive motor (411), a drive motor mounting bracket (412), a polishing wheel mounting bracket (413), a polishing wheel drive shaft (414), a polishing wheel drive shaft coupling (427), a liquid supply pipe (426), and a second fixing plate (428). The polishing wheel drive motor (411) and the polishing wheel drive shaft (414) are connected by the polishing wheel drive shaft coupling (427). The polishing wheel (41) is fixed on the polishing wheel drive shaft (414). The liquid supply pipe (426) passes through the hole in the second fixing plate (428) and is fixed on the polishing wheel mounting bracket (413) for adding magnetorheological polishing fluid to the polishing wheel (41).

5. The wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The polishing wheel (41) includes an annular magnet (422), a magnetic yoke (423), a circular outer shell (424), and a baffle (429); the annular magnet (422) is installed in the magnetic yoke (423) and fixed by the circular outer shell (424); the two annular magnets (422) are separated by a baffle (429); the annular magnets (422) have the same pole facing each other, and there is a gap between the annular magnets (422) and the magnetic yoke (423).

6. The wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving high precision as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control system mechanism (5) includes a control box (501), control buttons (503), and a host (502); the host (502) is fixed inside the control box (501) and controls the movement of the XYZ three-axis motion mechanism (2), the rotation of the worktable (325), and the rotation of the polishing wheel (41) through the control buttons (503).

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