An unattended vibrating coal feeder
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522110969.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-30
AI Technical Summary
但是目前井下无人化操作已经成为一种趋势，给煤机操作现场无人值守的情况大大增加，因此上述工作方式已无法满足这种新的形势，为适应井下无人生产的发展趋势，必须在给煤机上采用新的结构加以解决
[0014]由于测速圆盘与煤接触，煤不可避免会有一部分慢慢在测速圆盘上粘接，这些粘接增加，会降低测试精度，同时也会影响检测装置工作的可靠性。为此在测速圆盘上设置刀片式刮板，且刮刀距离圆盘外表面的距离不大于3毫米，基本能保证测速圆盘的测量值稳定。为了消除测速圆盘表面上有稳速拨片的清理问题，设置两个水喷头，两个喷头分别对称安装在测速圆盘两侧，自斜上方对稳速拨片和测速圆盘外沿侧面进行喷射清理。通过这些清理装置，可以保证整个测量装置长时间稳定工作。
Smart Images
Figure CN224704019U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to an unattended vibrating coal feeder, belonging to the field of material conveying equipment. Background Technology
[0002] Vibratory feeders are widely used in coal production. However, they suffer from significant variations in feed rate depending on the physical properties of the coal. For example, at the same angle, the feed rate varies considerably depending on the size and moisture content of the material. Furthermore, as the moisture content of the coal increases during feeding, exceeding a certain threshold, the flow velocity within the vibratory trough increases dramatically, leading to uncontrolled feed rate. In severe cases, this can cause coal-water cross-contamination, posing serious safety risks. Traditionally, the feeder was operated by designated personnel who manually monitored the feeder. If large fluctuations in feed rate or coal-water cross-contamination occurred, they would manually adjust the trough angle, the opening of the gate valve and front baffle, or shut down the feeder immediately. However, with unmanned operation becoming increasingly common in underground mining, the number of unattended feeder operations has significantly increased. Therefore, the previous methods are no longer adequate. To adapt to this trend of unmanned underground production, a new structure for the feeder is necessary. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an unattended vibratory coal feeder that can detect the flow rate and thickness of the material in the feeder trough in a timely manner during operation. Based on the detected signals, the feed rate of the coal feeder can be adjusted through the PLC device of the electrical control system, or an emergency shutdown can be performed to deal with water and coal overflow, so as to achieve normal operation of the coal feeder under unattended conditions.
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: An unattended vibratory coal feeder includes a vibratory coal feeder, a coal flow rate detection device, a coal seam thickness monitoring device, and a PLC electrical control system. The coal flow rate detection device includes a swing shaft, an angle sensor, and a connecting frame. The coal seam flow rate detection device includes a rotary shaft, a speed measuring disk, and a speed sensor. The vibratory coal feeder includes a vibrating trough, a vibrator, and an angle-adjusting cylinder. Both ends of the swing shaft are mounted on the guide chute. The angle sensor is mounted on the swing shaft. The connecting frame is fixedly mounted on the swing shaft. A rotary shaft is mounted on one end of the connecting frame. The speed measuring disk is mounted on the rotary shaft and rotates at the same speed as the rotary shaft. A speed measuring disk cleaning device is mounted on the connecting frame. The speed sensor is connected to the rotary shaft. A counterweight is mounted on the other end of the connecting frame opposite to the side where the rotary shaft is mounted. A displacement sensor is mounted on the angle-adjusting cylinder. The angle sensor, speed sensor, and displacement sensor are connected to the PLC electrical control system.
[0005] The speed measuring disk has a smooth surface along its circumference, and the speed measuring disk cleaning device is a scraper. The distance between the edge of the scraper and the outer surface of the speed measuring disk is no more than 3 mm.
[0006] The speed measuring disc is equipped with speed stabilizing paddles on its circumference, and the number of speed stabilizing paddles is greater than or equal to 8. The speed measuring disc cleaning device is a jet cleaning device.
[0007] The torque generated by the counterweight at one end of the connecting frame on the swing shaft is less than 30% of the torque generated by the speed measuring disk at one end on the swing shaft. At the same time, after removing the torque generated by the counterweight, the torque generated on one side of the speed measuring disk is greater than 0.1 Nm.
[0008] The torque generated by the counterweight at one end of the connecting frame on the swing shaft is less than 60% of the torque generated by the speed measuring disk at one end on the swing shaft. At the same time, after removing the torque generated by the counterweight, the torque generated on one side of the speed measuring disk is less than 2 Nm.
[0009] Two sets of coal flow rate detection devices and coal seam thickness monitoring devices are arranged side by side in the coal feeder trough.
[0010] The jet cleaning device includes two jet nozzles, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the speed measuring disk to spray and clean the speed stabilizing lever and the outer edge of the speed measuring disk from an oblique position.
[0011] The shortest distance between the rotating shaft and the coal outlet of the coal bunker in the direction of coal movement shall not exceed 1000 mm.
[0012] This utility model includes a vibrating coal feeder, a coal flow rate detection device, and a coal seam thickness monitoring device. The coal flow rate detection device includes a swing shaft, an angle sensor, and a connecting frame. The coal seam flow rate detection device includes a rotating shaft, a speed measuring disk, and a rotation speed sensor. Both ends of the swing shaft are mounted on the guide chute. An angle sensor is mounted on the swing shaft. The connecting frame is fixedly mounted on the swing shaft. A rotating shaft is mounted on one end of the connecting frame. The speed measuring disk is mounted on the rotating shaft and rotates at the same speed as the rotating shaft. A speed measuring disk cleaning device is mounted on the connecting frame. The rotation speed sensor is connected to the rotating shaft. A counterweight is mounted on the other end of the connecting frame opposite to the side where the rotating shaft is mounted. The angle sensor and the rotation speed sensor are connected to a PLC electrical control system. This structure features a speed-measuring disc placed on the upper surface of the material within the vibrating trough and connected to a swing shaft via a connecting frame. When the coal layer thickness changes within the trough, an angle sensor connected to the swing shaft monitors the specific coal layer thickness. The speed-measuring disc, resting on the coal surface, rotates with the coal flow, measuring the coal velocity. Under normal circumstances, the coal layer thickness and velocity remain within a certain range, indicating normal coal feeding. When the coal layer thickness suddenly increases, it indicates coal accumulation within the trough and a slower flow rate. The test sensor connected to the rotating shaft and the angle sensor connected to the swing shaft can clearly detect the coal flow within the vibrating trough in real time, and adjust the angle of the vibrating trough accordingly. When the coal layer thickness increases and the flow rate decreases, it indicates a reduction in the coal feed rate of the vibrating feeder. At this point, the PLC electrical control system automatically controls the displacement sensor on the angle-adjusting cylinder, causing the vibrating trough to rotate downwards, increasing the coal velocity within the trough. If the coal seam thickness suddenly increases, and the coal flow velocity measured by the speed measuring disc also increases, it indicates that the overall coal flow velocity in the vibrating trough has improved. In this case, the angle of the trough should be lowered, and the coal feeder's feed rate should be reduced. If the coal bunker becomes thinner, or no coal appears in the vibrating trough, it indicates that the coal bunker is full or empty. The PLC electrical control system will alarm, prompting maintenance personnel to confirm the coal bunker's condition on-site and take appropriate measures. When the coal seam thickness exceeds a certain value, and the coal flow velocity also exceeds a certain value, it indicates that water-coal cross-contamination has occurred. In this case, the machine should be stopped immediately, and the flat gate should be closed quickly, followed by relevant handling. Obviously, by simply installing an angle and speed detection device in the vibrating feeder trough, along with the displacement sensor of the angle-adjusting cylinder and the PLC electrical control system, it is possible to detect and control the coal feeder's feed rate, detect the fullness and emptiness of the coal bunker above the feeder, and simultaneously detect water-coal cross-contamination problems that occur during coal feeding operations. The measurement and control principle and structure are simple, the functions are comprehensive, and it has very obvious advantages.
[0013] To ensure the speed measuring disc remains in constant contact with the upper surface of the material in the trough during the coal feeder's operation, thus achieving the purpose of measuring the material's flow velocity, the torque on the speed measuring disc side of the connecting frame must be greater than that on the counterweight side. However, if the torque on the speed measuring disc side is too large, the depth to which the disc's surface is pressed into the material will also increase, potentially negatively impacting the disc's rotation and increasing the material's destructive effect on it. Therefore, the torque on the speed measuring disc side should not be too large. Consequently, when designing the structural parameters of the connecting frame, the torque generated by the swing hammer on the swing shaft axis must be kept within a certain range at any angle of rotation of the swing shaft. For a smooth-surfaced speed measuring disc, the force driving its rotation from the coal seam is relatively small, and the thickness pressed into the coal seam is also relatively small. Therefore, the torque generated on the speed measuring disc side is larger. For this reason, the torque generated by the counterweight at one end of the connecting frame on the swing shaft is set to be less than 30% of the torque generated by the speed measuring disc at one end on the swing shaft. Furthermore, after removing the torque generated by the counterweight, the torque generated on one side of the speed measuring disc is greater than 0.1 Nm. Speed-stabilizing tabs are installed on the circumference of the speed measuring disc. These tabs can be inserted into the coal surface, increasing the friction between the coal surface and the speed measuring disc, thereby eliminating slippage and stalling caused by low friction. Therefore, the torque generated at the speed measuring disc end can be appropriately reduced. This ensures that the torque generated by the counterweight at one end of the connecting frame on the swing shaft is less than 60% of the torque generated by the speed measuring disc at one end on the swing shaft, and that after removing the torque generated by the counterweight, the torque generated on one side of the speed measuring disc is greater than 1 Nm. The torque at the end of the oscillating shaft speed measuring disk is adjusted by adjusting the torque generated by adjusting the weight of the counterweight, thereby adjusting the friction force between the speed measuring disk and the coal flow surface, ensuring the normal operation of the speed measuring disk, and optimizing the measurement effect.
[0014] Because the speed measuring disc comes into contact with the coal, some coal inevitably adheres to it over time. This adhesion reduces testing accuracy and affects the reliability of the detection device. To address this, a blade-type scraper is installed on the speed measuring disc, with the scraper no more than 3 mm from the outer surface of the disc, ensuring stable measurement values. To eliminate the need to clean the speed stabilizing plates on the disc surface, two water nozzles are installed symmetrically on both sides of the disc, spraying water from a slightly upward angle to clean the speed stabilizing plates and the outer edge of the disc. These cleaning devices ensure stable operation of the entire measuring device over extended periods.
[0015] Having eight or more speed-regulating paddles ensures that the paddles function effectively.
[0016] During vibratory coal feeding, the coal flow (including thickness and velocity) within the vibratory trough will fluctuate to some extent in the width direction of the trough. By installing two sets of measuring devices side by side within the coal feeder trough, the state of the coal flow within the vibratory trough can be detected more accurately. If large pieces of gangue or other large debris appear locally, there will be a certain deviation in the detection data between the two devices. In this case, by collecting data on the magnitude and duration of the fluctuations from the two detection devices, and by comparing and analyzing the monitoring data between the two devices, it can be determined whether the feed rate has actually changed or whether the fluctuations in the detection data are due to short-term temporary factors. This provides a better foundation for more accurate unattended operation.
[0017] The closer the rotating shaft is to the coal outlet of the coal bunker, the better it reflects the true thickness of the coal seam. This is more advantageous for unattended operation of the vibratory feeder. However, due to the presence of the counterweight, the distance cannot be too small. Therefore, the distance is determined to be no more than 600 mm. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Appendix Figure 1 and 2 The diagram shown is a structural principle diagram of Embodiment 1 of this utility model, wherein, Figure 1 The image shown is a front view of the structural principle diagram of this utility model. Figure 2 As shown Figure 1 A partial sectional view at position A-A. (Attached) Figure 3 and 4 The diagram shown is a structural principle diagram of Embodiment 2 of this utility model, wherein... Figure 3 This is a partial front view of the speed measuring disk. Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial view along the D direction. (Attached) Figure 5 The diagram shown is a simplified structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0019] exist Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the meanings of the component numbers are as follows: 1. Coal bunker; 2. Flat gate; 3. Rotary shaft; 4. Counterweight; 5. Swing shaft; 6. Connecting frame; 7. Speed measuring disc; 8. Pulley; 9. Wire rope; 10. Vibrating trough; 11. Coal material; 12. Belt conveyor; 13. Hinge shaft; 14. Rear spring; 15. Support; 16. Vibrating motor; 17. Scraper; 18. Front hanging spring; 19. Stroke sensor; 20. Angle sensor; 21. Speed sensor; 22. Jet nozzle; 23. Speed stabilizing lever; 24. Transition chute; 25. Intermediate frame; 26. Angle adjusting cylinder.
[0020] In this first embodiment, a flat gate 2 is installed at the discharge port of the coal bunker 1. The gate plate of the flat gate is driven by a hydraulic cylinder. The discharge port of the coal bunker can be opened and closed by the back-and-forth movement of the gate plate. A transition chute 24 is installed at the discharge port of the flat gate and inserted into the vibrating trough 10 of the vibrating feeder. The rear of the vibrating trough of the vibrating feeder is mounted on a rear spring 14 via a hinge shaft 13. A front suspension spring 18 is installed at the discharge end of the vibrating trough. The front suspension spring is connected to a wire rope 9. The other end of the wire rope is connected to an angle-adjusting cylinder 26 with a stroke sensor 19 via a pulley 8. A vibrating motor 16 is installed at the lower part of the vibrating trough. A belt conveyor 12 is installed at the lower part of the discharge end of the vibrating trough of the vibrating feeder. The two sides of the vibrating feeder's swing shaft 5 are mounted on the transition chute. An angle sensor 20 is installed on one side of the swing shaft to measure its swing angle. The connecting frame 6 is connected to the swing shaft and swings with it. A counterweight 4 and a speed measuring disk 7 are installed on both sides of the connecting frame, respectively. The speed measuring disk is mounted on the connecting frame via a rotary shaft 3, on which a speed sensor 21 is installed. The torque generated by all components on the side of the connecting frame where the counterweight is mounted at any angle of rotation of the swing shaft on the axis of the swing shaft is 20% of the torque generated by all components on the side of the connecting frame where the speed measuring disk is mounted. A scraper 17 is arranged on the connecting frame, with the blade surface 1 mm away from the outer surface of the speed measuring disk.
[0021] At the start of coal feeding, the flat gate is opened first, and then the vibrating motor of the vibrating feeder is started. Material in the coal bunker enters the feeder's trough through the bunker opening. Driven by the vibration and inertia of the feeder, the material moves forward along the trough and is eventually discharged from the outlet and falls onto the belt conveyor, which transports it to the designated location. Because the torque generated by the speed measuring disc on the swing shaft is greater than the torque generated at the other end of the connecting frame, when there is no material in the trough, the speed measuring disc falls downwards, remaining essentially vertical. At this point, it can be determined whether the coal bunker is empty or full. The PLC connected to the angle sensor processes the relevant data and issues a warning signal, prompting maintenance personnel to perform on-site maintenance and repair. When the material appears in the trough and moves forward, it contacts the speed measuring disc, lifting it up. The speed measuring disc floats on the surface of the material and is pressed into it to a certain depth. This depth is determined by the torque difference between the two ends of the connecting frame. A larger torque difference results in a larger pressing depth, and a smaller torque difference results in a smaller pressing depth. Since the outer surface of the speed measuring disc in this embodiment is close to a smooth surface, the torque difference is relatively large, resulting in a larger width of the speed measuring disc. This leads to a relatively smaller pressing depth of the speed measuring disc into the material, but the frictional force between the two does not change much, maintaining a large rotational driving force. Therefore, the speed measuring disc rotates under the drive of the material, and its rotational speed is consistent with the material's movement speed. At the same time, the speed measuring disc floats up and down according to the change in the coal layer thickness in the vibrating trough. The up and down movement of the speed measuring disc can be measured and calculated by an angle sensor connected to the swing shaft to determine the change in coal layer thickness. Thus, this device can accurately measure the coal layer thickness and coal flow velocity in the vibrating trough. When the coal flow velocity slows down while the coal bed thickness increases, it indicates that the coal flow within the trough is obstructed. The PLC electrical control system sends a control signal to increase the extension length of the angle-adjusting cylinder. The amount of increase is controlled by a stroke sensor connected to the piston rod of the angle-adjusting cylinder. When the coal bed thickness remains relatively constant while the coal flow velocity increases to a certain value (e.g., an increase of more than 10%), it indicates that the coal feed rate has increased excessively, exceeding the specified value. In this case, the PLC controls the vibrating trough to rotate upwards to the specified value, thereby reducing the coal feed rate and maintaining it within the specified range. When the system detects a sudden increase in coal bed thickness, accompanied by a sudden slowdown and then a sudden acceleration of the coal flow velocity, and a corresponding thinning of the coal bed thickness, it indicates that water-coal cross-contamination has occurred in the coal bunker. At this point, the PLC electrical control system sends a control signal to quickly close the flat gate, completely sealing the coal bunker outlet. Simultaneously, a strong alarm signal is issued, prompting maintenance personnel to evacuate immediately if present. By using this detection device to detect the coal flow velocity and thickness, the coal feed rate of the vibrating feeder can be stably adjusted without human intervention. At the same time, it can monitor whether there are unexpected situations such as empty bunkers, overflowing bunkers, and water-coal cross-contamination in the coal bunker.If coal adheres to the outer surface of the speed measuring disc during the detection process, the outer surface of the speed measuring disc can be cleaned online in real time by a scraper set on the connecting frame, which can ensure the stable operation of the speed measuring disc for a long time.
[0022] In Embodiment 2, 12 speed-stabilizing blades 23 are added to the outer edge of the speed-measuring disc. Two downward-sloping jet nozzles 22 are installed on the connecting frame. Due to the addition of the speed-stabilizing blades, the torque generated by the counterweight at one end of the connecting frame on the swing shaft is less than 15% of the torque generated by the speed-measuring disc at one end on the swing shaft. Furthermore, after removing the torque generated by the counterweight, the torque generated on one side of the speed-measuring disc is less than 0.5 Nm. Thus, due to the action of the speed-stabilizing blades, the speed-measuring disc can rotate normally under relatively small frictional forces, thereby ensuring accurate detection of changes in coal flow velocity and thickness. During operation, if coal adheres to the outer surface of the speed-measuring disc and the speed-stabilizing blades, the jet nozzles are activated to clean the blades and the outer circumference of the speed-measuring disc, ensuring stable operation of the speed-measuring disc.
[0023] In Example 3, two sets of coal flow rate and coal bed thickness monitoring devices are arranged side-by-side inside the coal feeder trough. One end of the rotating shaft of each device is mounted on the intermediate frame 25 in the middle. During coal feeding, the two devices simultaneously detect the coal flow rate and coal bed thickness at two positions in the width direction within the vibrating trough. By analyzing and comparing the data from these two positions, unattended operation and control of the vibrating coal feeder can be achieved more accurately.
Claims
1. An unattended vibrating coal feeder, comprising a vibrating coal feeder, a coal flow rate detection device, a coal seam thickness monitoring device, and a PLC electrical control system, wherein the coal flow rate detection device comprises a swing shaft, an angle sensor, and a connecting frame; the coal seam flow rate detection device comprises a rotary shaft, a speed measuring disk, and a speed sensor; and the vibrating coal feeder comprises a vibrating trough, a vibrator, and an angle-adjusting cylinder, characterized in that: The two ends of the swing shaft are mounted on the guide chute. The angle sensor is mounted on the swing shaft. The connecting frame is fixed on the swing shaft. A rotary shaft is mounted on one end of the connecting frame. The speed measuring disc is mounted on the rotary shaft and rotates at the same speed as the rotary shaft. A speed measuring disc cleaning device is mounted on the connecting frame. The speed sensor is connected to the rotary shaft. A displacement sensor is mounted on the angle adjusting cylinder. The angle sensor, speed sensor, and displacement sensor are connected to the PLC electrical control system.
2. The unattended vibrating coal feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A counterweight is installed at the other end of the connecting frame opposite to the side where the rotating shaft is installed.
3. The unattended vibrating coal feeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The speed measuring disk has a smooth surface along its circumference, and the speed measuring disk cleaning device is a scraper. The distance between the edge of the scraper and the outer surface of the speed measuring disk is no more than 3 mm.
4. The unattended vibrating coal feeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The speed measuring disc is equipped with speed stabilizing paddles on its circumference, and the number of speed stabilizing paddles is greater than or equal to 8. The speed measuring disc cleaning device is a jet cleaning device.
5. The unattended vibratory feeder according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The torque generated by the counterweight at one end of the connecting frame on the swing shaft is less than 30% of the torque generated by the speed measuring disk at one end on the swing shaft. At the same time, after removing the torque generated by the counterweight, the torque generated on one side of the speed measuring disk is greater than 0.1 Nm.
6. The unattended vibratory feeder according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that: The torque generated by the counterweight at one end of the connecting frame on the swing shaft is less than 60% of the torque generated by the speed measuring disk at one end on the swing shaft. At the same time, after removing the torque generated by the counterweight, the torque generated on one side of the speed measuring disk is less than 2 Nm.
7. The unattended vibrating coal feeder according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: Two sets of coal flow rate detection devices and coal seam thickness monitoring devices are arranged side by side in the coal feeder trough.
8. The unattended vibrating coal feeder according to claim 4, characterized in that: The jet cleaning device includes two jet nozzles, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the speed measuring disk to spray and clean the speed stabilizing lever and the outer edge of the speed measuring disk from an oblique position.
9. The unattended vibrating coal feeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shortest distance between the rotating shaft and the coal outlet of the coal bunker in the direction of coal movement shall not exceed 1000 mm.