Electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522434617.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-14
AI Technical Summary
[0005]本实用新型的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在需要人工接触拿取才能实现多级水洗电镀的问题,同时解决了缺少对电镀水进行循环利用设计的问题
[0045]T形拉杆,安装于所述位移板二的一侧,并与所述弹簧三同侧;
Smart Images

Figure CN224704714U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electroplating equipment technology, and in particular to an electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function. Background Technology
[0002] The reason why water washing is required in modern electroplating processes is that the plating solution used in the process is corrosive. If the residue is not washed off, it will cause corrosion of the plating layer and the substrate, which will lead to problems such as damage to the product appearance and reduced protective performance.
[0003] In existing technologies, such as Chinese Patent No. CN208513210U, a multi-stage intermittent counter-current water washing device includes a frame mechanism and a control mechanism. The frame mechanism includes tank sidewalls, tank bottom, counter-current baffles, filters, and reinforcing ribs. The counter-current baffles are vertically arranged, dividing the tank sidewalls and tank bottom into multiple washing tanks. The control mechanism includes a drain pipe, a heating pipe, a solenoid valve, a controller, a pH meter, and a water inlet pipe. The drain pipe is located at the bottom of the leftmost washing tank. Both the water inlet and drain pipes are connected to a solenoid valve and are opened and closed under its control. Each washing tank is equipped with a heating pipe. The controller includes a timer, an alarm, and a PLC integrated circuit, controlling the switching of the heating pipes and the switching of the solenoid valves of the water inlet and outlet pipes based on the data from the pH meter. It can also open and close the solenoid valves at set times based on empirical values. This utility model can automate the replacement and drainage, reduce immersion time, improve cleaning efficiency, and result in a stronger and longer-lasting washing tank.
[0004] While the above scheme has the advantages mentioned above, its disadvantages are that it lacks a design for displacement control of the metal to be electroplated, requiring manual handling to achieve multi-stage water washing electroplating, which increases the workload of workers. At the same time, the design lacks the recycling of electroplating water, lacks environmental awareness, and is prone to waste of electroplating water. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem in the existing technology that requires manual handling to achieve multi-stage water washing electroplating, and at the same time, to solve the problem of lacking a design for recycling electroplating water.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function: comprising a multi-tank water tank, wherein multiple pillars are installed on the top of the multi-tank water tank, and a U-shaped top plate is installed on the top of the multiple pillars; the electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function further includes:
[0007] Track groove one is formed at the top of the U-shaped top plate;
[0008] The sliding component, located on the U-shaped top plate, can move linearly along the inner wall of the track groove under manual control;
[0009] Multiple loop-shaped tracks are located on one side of the multi-tank water tank;
[0010] Multiple tilting components, located within every two of the loop-shaped tracks, perform linear displacement in the vertical direction to pour the precipitating agent into the multi-tank water tank.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the sliding component includes:
[0012] An electric telescopic rod is embedded in the track groove.
[0013] A fixed plate is fitted onto the electric telescopic rod;
[0014] The fixed plate is located inside the U-shaped top plate.
[0015] The technical effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the fixed plate stabilizes the movement trajectory of the electric telescopic rod, avoiding displacement deviation.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the sliding component further includes:
[0017] A bracket is installed at the telescopic end of the electric telescopic pole;
[0018] A connecting column is installed on one side of the fixed plate, a control plate is installed on one side of the connecting column, and a handle is installed on one side of the control plate;
[0019] Multiple rollers are installed inside the spiral top plate;
[0020] The control panel is located outside the U-shaped top plate, and the roller is located on one side of the fixed plate.
[0021] The technical effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the multiple rollers reduce the sliding friction of the fixed disk, avoid wear, and achieve the effect of saving effort.
[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function further includes:
[0023] A concave block is installed on the top of the U-shaped top plate;
[0024] A hollow tube is embedded in the concave block, and a second track groove is provided on the top of the hollow tube;
[0025] Displacement plate one is slidably embedded in a hollow tube, and a handle is installed on the top of displacement plate one;
[0026] The handle is embedded in the second track groove.
[0027] The technical effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the pull handle drives the displacement plate to move along a fixed trajectory.
[0028] As a preferred embodiment, the electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function further includes:
[0029] A positioning column is installed on one side of the displacement plate.
[0030] Spring one is connected to the other side of the displacement plate one;
[0031] The positioning post can penetrate the control plate, the spring is located inside the hollow tube, and its two ends are respectively connected to one side of the displacement plate and one side of the inner wall of the hollow tube.
[0032] The technical effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the position of the electric telescopic rod is fixed by the engagement of the positioning post and the control plate.
[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the tilting assembly includes:
[0034] H-shaped sliding column, slidably embedded in two loop-shaped tracks, with a connecting sleeve rotatably sleeved on the H-shaped sliding column, an elliptical hopper installed on one side of the connecting sleeve, and a fixing block installed at the bottom of the elliptical hopper;
[0035] Two springs are respectively embedded in the two loop-shaped tracks;
[0036] The two ends of the second spring are respectively connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the loop track and one side of the H-shaped sliding column.
[0037] The technical effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the spring two drives the elliptical hopper to move upward in the vertical direction.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the tilting assembly further includes:
[0039] Both side frames are installed on the top of the side wall of the multi-slot water tank;
[0040] A recessed panel is installed between the two side frames.
[0041] The technical effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the concave panel is used to change the direction of the second spring, ensuring that the precipitated agent in the elliptical hopper can be poured into the multi-tank water tank.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the tilting assembly further includes:
[0043] An auxiliary block is installed on one side of the multi-slot water tank, and a space slot is provided inside the auxiliary block;
[0044] Displacement plate two is slidably embedded in the space groove. A U-shaped strip is installed on one side of displacement plate two, and spring three is installed on the other side of displacement plate two.
[0045] The T-shaped tie rod is installed on one side of the displacement plate two and on the same side as the spring three;
[0046] One end of the U-shaped strip can be embedded in the fixed block, the two ends of the spring three are respectively connected to one side of the inner wall of the space groove and one side of the inner wall of the displacement plate two, and the T-shaped tie rod passes through one side of the auxiliary block.
[0047] The technical effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the initial position of the elliptical hopper is controlled by the fixed block.
[0048] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0049] 1. In this utility model, when the position of the electric telescopic rod needs to be changed, activating the electric telescopic rod causes the workpiece immersed in the electroplating water to reset under the action of the hanger. Pulling the handle along the direction of the second track groove towards the inside of the hollow tube causes the first displacement plate to press the first spring in a synchronous motion with the handle. The positioning post moves linearly to the same side under the action of the first displacement plate and is pulled out from the control plate. At this time, the electric telescopic rod is in a displaceable state. Pulling the handle causes the electric telescopic rod to move linearly to one side. When it corresponds to the next fixed plate, pulling the handle, under the elastic action of the first spring, pushes the positioning post into the control plate, completing the position change. In this design, the sliding component is used to change the position of the hanger to achieve the effect of multi-stage water washing, while the positioning post is used to fix its position, avoiding direct manual contact with the electroplating water.
[0050] 2. In this utility model, pushing the T-shaped pull rod to one side causes the displacement plate two to move to the same side, and also causes the U-shaped strip to be pulled out from the fixed block. After the U-shaped strip is released from the fixed block, the elliptical hopper is in a movable state. The spring two, which is initially in a compressed state, pushes the H-shaped sliding column upward under the elastic action. The elliptical hopper moves upward synchronously under the connection of the connecting sleeve until it contacts the concave panel. Under the arc effect of the concave panel, the elliptical hopper rotates around the H-shaped sliding column and pours the internal precipitating agent into the multi-tank water tank. In this design, the tilting component is used to precipitate metal in the used electroplating water in the multi-tank water tank, so that the used electroplating water can be recycled, saving costs and reducing waste. Attached Figure Description
[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main structure of an electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function provided by this utility model;
[0052] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the sliding component structure of an electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function provided by this utility model;
[0053] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a hollow tube in an electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function provided by this utility model;
[0054] Figure 4 This utility model provides an electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function. Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;
[0055] Figure 5 An exploded structural diagram of the tilting component of an electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function provided by this utility model;
[0056] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the back side structure of the tilting component of an electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function provided by this utility model;
[0057] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the tilting component of an electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function provided by this utility model.
[0058] Legend:
[0059] 1. Multi-slot water tank; 101. Support column; 102. U-shaped top plate; 103. Track groove one; 104. Electric telescopic rod; 105. Fixing plate; 106. Hanger; 107. Connecting column; 108. Control panel; 109. Handle; 110. Roller; 2. Concave block; 201. Hollow tube; 202. Track groove two; 203. Displacement plate one; 204. Pull handle; 205. Positioning column; 206. Spring one; 3. U-shaped track; 301. H-shaped sliding column; 302. Connecting sleeve; 303. Elliptical hopper; 304. Fixing block; 305. Spring two; 306. Side frame; 307. Concave panel; 4. Auxiliary block; 401. Space groove; 402. Displacement plate two; 403. U-shaped strip; 404. Spring three; 405. T-shaped pull rod. Detailed Implementation
[0060] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0061] Example 1:
[0062] Please see Figures 1-7 This embodiment provides an electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function, the specific idea of which is as follows:
[0063] An electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function includes a multi-tank water tank 1, a plurality of support columns 101 are installed on the top of the multi-tank water tank 1, and a U-shaped top plate 102 is installed on the top of the plurality of support columns 101. The electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function also includes a track tank 103 and a sliding assembly.
[0064] The track groove 103, which serves to limit the track, is located on the top of the U-shaped top plate 102.
[0065] Meanwhile, the sliding component is located on the U-shaped top plate 102 and can move linearly along the inner wall of the track groove 103 under manual control.
[0066] As examples, in this embodiment, the sliding assembly includes: an electric telescopic rod 104, a fixed plate 105, a hanger 106, a connecting column 107, and a plurality of rollers 110.
[0067] The electric telescopic rod 104, which acts as the driving source, is embedded in the track groove 103.
[0068] In addition, the fixed plate 105, which plays a control role, is sleeved on the electric telescopic pole 104.
[0069] It should be noted that the fixed plate 105 is located inside the U-shaped top plate 102.
[0070] In order to fix the workpiece to be washed, a bracket 106 is provided and installed on the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 104.
[0071] Furthermore, the connecting post 107, which serves as a connection, is installed on one side of the fixed plate 105, and a control plate 108 is installed on one side of the connecting post 107, and a handle 109 is installed on one side of the control plate 108.
[0072] To reduce the sliding resistance and wear of the electric telescopic rod 104, multiple rollers 110 are installed inside the U-shaped top plate 102.
[0073] It should be noted that the control panel 108 is located outside the spiral top plate 102, and the roller 110 is located on one side of the fixed plate 105.
[0074] In order to control the position of the sliding component, the electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function also includes: concave block 2, hollow tube 201, displacement plate 203, positioning column 205 and spring 206.
[0075] The concave block 2, which provides support, is installed on the top of the U-shaped top plate 102.
[0076] Meanwhile, the hollow tube 201, which plays an auxiliary role, is embedded in the concave block 2, and the top of the hollow tube 201 is provided with a track groove 202.
[0077] In order to move the positioning column 205, a displacement plate 203 is provided and slidably embedded in the hollow tube 201, and a handle 204 is installed on the top of the displacement plate 203.
[0078] It should be noted that the handle 204 is embedded in the track groove 202.
[0079] In addition, the positioning post 205, which plays a fixing role, is installed on one side of the displacement plate 203.
[0080] Meanwhile, the spring 206, which acts as an elastic element, is connected to the other side of the displacement plate 203.
[0081] It should be noted that the positioning post 205 can penetrate the control plate 108, the spring 206 is located inside the hollow tube 201, and its two ends are respectively connected to one side of the displacement plate 203 and one side of the inner wall of the hollow tube 201.
[0082] In this embodiment, the electric telescopic rod 104 is first activated, causing the workpiece immersed in the electroplating water to be reset under the action of the hanger 106. The handle 204 is pulled inward along the direction of the second track groove 202 towards the hollow tube 201. The displacement plate 203, in a state of synchronous movement with the handle 204, squeezes the spring 206. Subsequently, the positioning column 205 moves linearly to the same side under the action of the displacement plate 203 and is pulled out from the control plate 108. The electric telescopic rod 104 is now in a displaceable state. Pulling the handle 109 causes the electric telescopic rod 104 to move linearly to one side. When it corresponds to the next fixed plate 105, the handle 204 is pulled. Finally, under the elastic action of the spring 206, the positioning column 205 is pushed and embedded into the control plate 108, completing the position change.
[0083] Example 2:
[0084] Please see Figures 1-7 Based on Example 1, this example provides an electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function, the specific idea of which is as follows:
[0085] The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function also includes: multiple loop tracks 3 and multiple tilting components.
[0086] Among them, the multiple loop-shaped tracks 3 that act as tracks are located on one side of the multi-trough water tank 1.
[0087] Meanwhile, the multiple tilting components are located within every two loop-shaped tracks 3, and make linear displacement in the vertical direction to pour the precipitating agent into the multi-tank water tank 1.
[0088] As examples, in this embodiment, the tilting assembly includes: an H-shaped sliding column 301, two springs 305, two side frames 306, a concave panel 307, an auxiliary block 4, a displacement plate 402, and a T-shaped tie rod 405.
[0089] Among them, the H-shaped sliding column 301, which plays a driving role, is slidably embedded in two loop-shaped tracks 3. A connecting sleeve 302 is rotatably sleeved on the H-shaped sliding column 301. An elliptical hopper 303 is installed on one side of the connecting sleeve 302. A fixing block 304 is installed at the bottom of the elliptical hopper 303.
[0090] Furthermore, the two springs 305 that provide the driving force are respectively embedded in the two loop-shaped tracks 3.
[0091] It should be noted that the two ends of spring 2 305 are connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the loop track 3 and one side of the H-shaped slide column 301, respectively.
[0092] In addition, the two side frames 306 that provide support are both installed on the top of the side wall of the multi-tank water tank 1.
[0093] To change the orientation of the tipping opening of the elliptical hopper 303, a recessed panel 307 is installed between the two side frames 306.
[0094] In this design, an auxiliary block 4 is also installed on one side of the multi-slot water tank 1, and a space slot 401 is opened in the auxiliary block 4.
[0095] In order to drive the U-shaped bar 403 to move, a second displacement plate 402 is added and slidably embedded in the space groove 401. The U-shaped bar 403 is installed on one side of the second displacement plate 402, and a third spring 404 is installed on the other side of the second displacement plate 402.
[0096] In addition, the T-shaped pull rod 405 for pulling action is installed on one side of the displacement plate 402 and on the same side as the spring 404.
[0097] It should be noted that one end of the U-shaped strip 403 can be embedded in the fixing block 304, the two ends of the spring 404 are respectively connected to one side of the inner wall of the space groove 401 and one side of the inner wall of the displacement plate 402, and the T-shaped tie rod 405 passes through one side of the auxiliary block 4.
[0098] In this embodiment, the T-shaped pull rod 405 is first pushed to one side, which can drive the displacement plate 402 to move to the same side and drive the U-shaped strip 403 to be pulled out from the fixed block 304. After the U-shaped strip 403 is released from the fixed block 304, the elliptical hopper 303 is in a movable state. The spring 305, which is initially in a compressed state, pushes the H-shaped sliding column 301 upward under the elastic action. Then, the elliptical hopper 303 moves upward synchronously under the connection of the connecting sleeve 302 until it contacts the concave panel 307. Finally, under the arc effect of the concave panel 307, the elliptical hopper 303 rotates around the H-shaped sliding column 301 and pours the precipitated agent inside into the multi-tank water tank 1.
[0099] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the above embodiments, the electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function may also include a battery pack, which provides power to the electronic devices involved in the electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function, such as the electric telescopic rod 104. The circuit is connected using existing conventional connection methods, which will not be described in detail here.
[0100] Working principle:
[0101] In the electroplating water washing process, the workpiece to be washed is placed on the hanger 106. The electric telescopic rod 104 is activated, and the hanger 106, driven by the electric telescopic rod 104, immerses the workpiece in the electroplating water. After a period of time, the hanger 106 is raised and reset by the electric telescopic rod 104. The handle 204 is pulled, causing it to move to one side along the inner wall of the second track groove 202 and press the first spring 206. When the handle 204 moves the displacement plate 203, the positioning post 205 moves synchronously to the inside of the hollow tube 201 and disengages from the inside of the control plate 108. This releases the movement of the electric telescopic rod 104. The handle 109 is pulled to move it in a straight line in the horizontal direction until it corresponds to another positioning post 205. The corresponding handle 204 can then press the first spring 206, and under the elastic action of the first spring 206, the positioning post 205 is pushed into the control plate 108, thus completing the position fixation.
[0102] When the sliding component moves to the next water tank, the used water tank can be precipitated with metal. The T-shaped pull rod 405 is pushed, causing it to move to one side in the horizontal direction. The displacement plate 402 moves to the same side under the movement of the T-shaped pull rod 405, and drives the U-shaped strip 403 to disengage from the fixed block 304. After the fixed block 304 loses the fixation of the U-shaped strip 403, the elliptical hopper 303 is released from its movement restriction. The spring 305 uses its own elasticity to push the H-shaped sliding column 301 to move upward along the inner wall of the loop track 3. With the connection of the connecting sleeve 302, the elliptical hopper 303 moves upward synchronously. When the elliptical hopper 303 contacts the concave panel 307, the concave panel 307 uses its own arc surface to change the orientation of the elliptical hopper 303, causing it to rotate around the H-shaped sliding column 301, and pour the precipitation agent inside into the multi-tank water tank 1 to precipitate metal in the electroplating water inside.
[0103] All standard parts used in this utility model can be purchased from the market, and irregular parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art. In addition, the circuit connection adopts conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
[0104] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the technical solution of the present utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An electroplating device with multi-stage water washing function, comprising a multi-tank water tank (1), wherein a plurality of support columns (101) are installed on the top of the multi-tank water tank (1), and a U-shaped top plate (102) is installed on the top of the plurality of support columns (101), characterized in that, This electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function also includes: Track groove 1 (103) is opened at the top of the spiral top plate (102); The sliding component, located on the top plate (102), can move linearly along the inner wall of the track groove (103) under manual control; Multiple loop-shaped tracks (3) are located on one side of the multi-slot water tank (1); Multiple pouring components, located within every two of the loop-shaped tracks (3), make linear displacement in the vertical direction to pour the precipitating agent into the multi-tank pool (1).
2. The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding component includes: An electric telescopic rod (104) is embedded in the track groove (103); A fixed plate (105) is sleeved on the electric telescopic rod (104); The fixed plate (105) is located inside the spiral top plate (102).
3. The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sliding component also includes: A bracket (106) is installed at the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (104); A connecting column (107) is installed on one side of the fixed plate (105), a control plate (108) is installed on one side of the connecting column (107), and a handle (109) is installed on one side of the control plate (108). Multiple rollers (110) are installed inside the spiral top plate (102); The control panel (108) is located outside the top plate (102), and the roller (110) is located on one side of the fixed plate (105).
4. The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function according to claim 3, characterized in that, This electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function also includes: A concave block (2) is installed on the top of the spiral top plate (102); A hollow tube (201) is embedded in the concave block (2), and a track groove (202) is provided on the top of the hollow tube (201); Displacement plate 1 (203) is slidably embedded in hollow tube (201), and a handle (204) is installed on the top of displacement plate 1 (203); The handle (204) is embedded in the track groove (202).
5. The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function according to claim 4, characterized in that, This electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function also includes: A positioning post (205) is installed on one side of the displacement plate (203); Spring 1 (206) is connected to the other side of displacement plate 1 (203); The positioning post (205) can penetrate the control plate (108), the spring (206) is located inside the hollow tube (201), and its two ends are respectively connected to one side of the displacement plate (203) and one side of the inner wall of the hollow tube (201).
6. The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tipping assembly includes: H-shaped sliding column (301) is slidably embedded in two loop-shaped tracks (3). A connecting sleeve (302) is rotatably sleeved on the H-shaped sliding column (301). An elliptical hopper (303) is installed on one side of the connecting sleeve (302). A fixing block (304) is installed at the bottom of the elliptical hopper (303). Two springs (305) are respectively embedded in the two loop-shaped tracks (3); The two ends of the second spring (305) are respectively connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the loop track (3) and one side of the H-shaped slide column (301).
7. The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tilting assembly also includes: Two side frames (306) are installed on the top of the side wall of the multi-slot water tank (1); A recessed panel (307) is installed between the two side frames (306).
8. The electroplating equipment with multi-stage water washing function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tilting assembly also includes: An auxiliary block (4) is installed on one side of the multi-slot water tank (1), and a space slot (401) is provided in the auxiliary block (4); Displacement plate two (402) is slidably embedded in the space groove (401). A U-shaped strip (403) is installed on one side of displacement plate two (402), and a spring three (404) is installed on the other side of displacement plate two (402). The T-shaped tie rod (405) is installed on one side of the displacement plate two (402) and on the same side as the spring three (404); One end of the U-shaped strip (403) can be embedded in the fixing block (304), the two ends of the spring three (404) are respectively connected to one side of the inner wall of the space groove (401) and one side of the inner wall of the displacement plate two (402), and the T-shaped pull rod (405) passes through one side of the auxiliary block (4).
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Multistage clearance formula is water washing device against current
CN208513210U