A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics

Abstract

This application relates to a cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics, comprising a frame, on which are arranged a fabric feeding and cooling device, a dye box, and a fabric winding device distributed along the fabric conveying direction. The dye box contains a set of padding rollers for padding the fabric, including an upper padding roller and a lower padding roller. The lower padding roller is fixedly disposed in the dye box and located directly below the upper padding roller. A detection component is disposed between the lower padding roller and the dye box, and a lifting component is disposed between the upper padding roller and the dye box. The detection component includes a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor is disposed between the lower padding roller and the fabric, and the controller is disposed on the dye box and electrically connected to the pressure sensor. The lifting component is electrically connected to the controller. This application uses a pressure sensor to detect the fabric compression force, and then uses the controller to adjust the fabric compression force by raising and lowering the upper padding roller, thereby reducing the possibility of dyeing differences in the dye phase for fabrics of different thicknesses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of textile printing and dyeing, and in particular to a cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics. Background Technology

[0002] Knitted fabrics are fabrics made by looping yarns together with knitting needles. They are made from cotton and produced through a knitting process. Therefore, knitted fabrics have the characteristics of moisture absorption, moisture retention, heat resistance, alkali resistance, softness, and breathability. They are widely used in the clothing industry, and dyeing is one of the important processing steps for knitted fabrics.

[0003] When knitted fabrics are dyed in a cold pad-batch dyeing machine, the fabric is first conveyed through the fabric feeding and cooling section, and then cooled by the cooling roller drive section. After cooling, the fabric is conveyed to the dye bath containing the dye solution. In the dye bath, the fabric is rolled by rollers, which allows the dye solution to be adsorbed onto the surface of the fabric fibers. Then, the fabric is rolled and stacked. The dyed fabric is stacked at room temperature for a period of time and slowly rotated, so that the fabric surface completes the process of dye adsorption, diffusion and color fixation.

[0004] When fabrics of different thicknesses pass between the rollers, the degree of compression on the fabrics varies, resulting in different degrees of adsorption of the fabrics in the dye bath. This leads to differences in the dyeing effect when fabrics of different thicknesses are dyed in the same dye bath. Utility Model Content

[0005] To reduce the possibility of differences in dyeing effects between fabrics of different thicknesses in the same dye bath, this application provides a cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics.

[0006] The cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics includes a frame. The frame is equipped with a fabric feeding and cooling device, a dye box, and a fabric winding device distributed along the fabric conveying direction. The dye box contains a set of padding rollers for padding the fabric. The padding roller set includes an upper padding roller and a lower padding roller. The upper padding roller is rotatably mounted in the dye box, and the lower padding roller is fixedly mounted in the dye box and located directly below the upper padding roller. A detection component is provided between the lower padding roller and the dye box, and a lifting component is provided between the upper padding roller and the dye box. The detection component includes a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor is located between the lower padding roller and the fabric, and the controller is mounted on the dye box and electrically connected to the pressure sensor. The lifting component is electrically connected to the controller.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when dyeing knitted fabrics, the fabric is conveyed from the fabric feeding and cooling device to cool it down. The cooled fabric is then conveyed to the dye box and passes between the upper and lower fabric rollers. The fabric is squeezed between the upper and lower fabric rollers, causing the dye in the dye box to be absorbed by the surface of the knitted fabric, so that the dye adheres to the fabric. The fabric with absorbed dye is then conveyed to the fabric winding device. After the dye absorption is completed, the fabric is left to stand for dyeing. When fabrics of different thicknesses pass between the upper and lower fabric rollers, the pressure value of the pressure sensor is transmitted to the controller through an electrical connection. The controller compares the pressure value with the preset pressure value and activates the lifting component to drive the upper fabric roller to rise or fall. This ensures that the dye absorbed by the fabric between the upper and lower fabric rollers is suitable for dyeing the fabric, thereby reducing the possibility of differences in dyeing effect between knitted fabrics of different thicknesses in the same dye box.

[0008] Optionally, the lifting assembly includes a lifting screw and a driving component. The lifting screw is rotatably mounted on the dye box and extends vertically. The end of the upper fabric roller is threadedly connected to the lifting screw via a mounting block. The driving component is mounted on the dye box and is connected to the lifting screw via transmission. The driving component is electrically connected to the controller.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when the lifting component drives the upper fabric roller to rise and fall, the driving component drives the lifting screw to rotate, and the lifting screw drives the mounting block to rise and fall in the dye box, thereby driving the upper fabric roller to move closer to and further away from the lower fabric roller. Through the electrical connection between the driving component and the controller, the movement of the upper fabric roller is driven relatively precisely, which facilitates the adjustment of the upper fabric roller's rise and fall.

[0010] Optionally, the dye box is provided with two guide rollers distributed along the fabric conveying direction, and the two guide rollers move up and down in the dye box with the lifting screw.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, after the fabric enters the dye box, it first passes under the guide roller, and then passes under the upper roller and the second guide roller in sequence, so that the fabric is relatively horizontal under the upper roller, reducing the possibility of inaccurate detection results from the pressure sensor.

[0012] Optionally, a guiding assembly is provided between the guide roller and the dye box. The guiding assembly includes a guide block and a guide roller. The guide block is integrally disposed on the mounting block. The guide roller is rotatably disposed on the guide block. The guide roller is vertically disposed in the dye box and slidably connected to the guide block.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when the guide roller moves up and down in the dye box with the lifting screw, the guide block at the end of the guide roller slides along the guide roller. The guide block moves up and down with the mounting block, providing the power for the guide block to slide along the guide roller and reducing the difficulty of the guide block sliding.

[0014] Optionally, the fabric cooling device includes a fabric feeding roller and a cooling fan. The fabric feeding roller is rotatably mounted on the frame and extends along the width of the fabric. The cooling fan is detachably mounted on the frame and blows air toward the fabric.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, before the fabric enters the dye box, the fabric is passed over the feed roller and comes into contact with the feed roller. The cooling fan is installed below the feed roller and blows air towards the fabric, which speeds up the natural cooling of the fabric and thus improves the dyeing efficiency of knitted fabrics.

[0016] Optionally, an installation assembly is provided between the air cooler and the frame. The installation assembly includes a first installation block and a second installation block. The first installation block and the second installation block are slidably disposed on the frame and distributed along the width direction of the fabric. The first installation block and the second installation block slide relative to each other through a sliding assembly to clamp and release the air cooler.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the air cooler is damaged and needs to be disassembled and replaced, the sliding component drives the first mounting block and the second mounting block to move closer and further apart on the frame, so that the first mounting block and the second mounting block can loosen and clamp the air cooler, thereby facilitating the disassembly and replacement of the air cooler.

[0018] Optionally, the sliding assembly includes a sliding rod and a handle. The sliding rod is rotatably mounted on the frame and extends along the width of the fabric. The sliding rod has two threads with opposite directions of rotation. The first mounting block and the second mounting block are threadedly connected to the two ends of the sliding rod. The handle is mounted on the frame and connected to the sliding rod.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to move the first mounting block and the second mounting block closer and further apart by sliding the component, hold the handle and rotate the sliding rod so that the reverse thread on the sliding rod moves the first mounting block and the second mounting block closer and further apart, thereby facilitating the disassembly and replacement of the air cooler.

[0020] Optionally, the bottom end of the air cooler is provided with a plug groove extending along the width of the fabric, and the surfaces of the first mounting block and the second mounting block facing the air cooler are provided with plug rods that are slidably connected to the plug groove.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the first mounting block and the second mounting block are close to the air cooler, the plug-in rods on the first mounting block and the second mounting block are inserted into the plug-in slots on the air cooler, reducing the possibility of the air cooler detaching from the first mounting block and the second mounting block in the vertical direction.

[0022] Optionally, the fabric winding device includes a fabric winding roller and a transmission component. The fabric winding roller is rotatably mounted on the frame and extends along the width direction of the fabric. The transmission component is mounted on the frame and is connected to the fabric winding roller in a transmission manner.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, after the fabric absorbs dye from the dye box, the fabric is conveyed forward, and the transmission component drives the fabric roll roller to rotate, causing the fabric to be wound around the fabric roll roller, reducing the difficulty of winding the fabric roll roller, thus facilitating the static dyeing of knitted fabrics.

[0024] Optionally, the frame is provided with a baffle plate located below the fabric roll roller. The baffle plate extends downward at an angle toward the dye box and abuts against the outer wall of the dye box. The baffle plate is provided with baffles at both ends along the width direction of the fabric.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, when the fabric is wound onto the roll roller, the baffle plate and the baffle plate form a receiving groove on the roll roller. On the one hand, this reduces the amount of dye liquid dripping from the fabric onto the ground. On the other hand, it reduces the possibility of the fabric slipping off the roll roller and falling to the ground.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By using pressure sensors and controllers, the squeezing force of the fabric between the lower and upper fabric rollers is detected. The controller controls the lifting assembly to drive the upper fabric roller to rise and fall to squeeze the fabric, reducing the possibility of differences in dyeing effect between fabrics of different thicknesses in the same dyeing machine. 2. Two guide rollers are installed on both sides of the upper roll to make the fabric relatively flat when it is pressed by the lower roll, reducing the V-shape of the fabric and affecting the detection of the fabric compression effect by the pressure sensor and controller; 3. The air cooler blows air onto the fabric, reducing the time the fabric spends cooling down in the dye box, thereby increasing the dyeing rate of the dyeing machine. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is an installation diagram of the air cooler and installation components in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dye box and the detection component in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 11. Slide groove; 2. Fabric feeding cooling device; 21. Fabric feeding roller; 22. Cooling fan; 221. Insertion groove; 23. Mounting assembly; 231. First mounting block; 232. Second mounting block; 233. Insertion rod; 234. Insertion slot; 24. Sliding assembly; 241. Handle; 242. Sliding rod; 25. First drive motor; 26. Fabric guide rod; 3. Dye box; 31. Detection assembly; 311. Controller; 312, Pressure sensor; 32, Lifting assembly; 321, Drive component; 322, Lifting screw; 33, Mounting groove; 331, Mounting block; 34, Fabric roller assembly; 341, Lower fabric roller; 342, Upper fabric roller; 35, Guide roller; 36, Guide assembly; 361, Guide roller; 362, Guide block; 37, Sliding groove; 4, Fabric winding device; 41, Transmission component; 42, Fabric winding roller; 5, Blocking plate; 51, Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 This application will be described in further detail.

[0035] This application discloses a cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics. (Refer to...) Figure 1 It includes a frame 1, on which a fabric feeding and cooling device 2, a dye box 3, and a fabric winding device 4 are installed sequentially along the fabric conveying direction.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 The fabric feeding cooling device 2 includes a fabric feeding roller 21 and a cooling fan 22. The fabric feeding roller 21 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1. A guide rod 26 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1. The guide rod 26 and the fabric feeding roller 21 are distributed along the fabric conveying direction. A first drive motor 25 for driving the fabric feeding roller 21 to rotate is mounted on the frame 1. The output shaft of the first drive motor 25 is coaxially mounted with the fabric feeding roller 21. The cooling fan 22 is mounted on the frame 1 and located between the fabric feeding roller 21 and the guide rod 26. The cooling fan 22 blows air toward the fabric on the fabric feeding roller 21. The cooling fan 22 and the frame 1 are detachably mounted via a mounting assembly 23. When the fabric passes over the fabric feeding roller 21, the cooling fan 22 is turned on to cool the fabric.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The mounting component 23 includes a first mounting block 231 and a second mounting block 232. The frame 1 has two sliding grooves 11 extending along the width of the fabric. The two sliding grooves 11 are distributed along the fabric conveying direction. The first mounting block 231 and the second mounting block 232 are slidably mounted in the sliding grooves 11 and distributed along the width of the fabric. The frame 1 is equipped with a sliding component 24 for moving the first mounting block 231 and the second mounting block 232 closer to each other and further away from each other.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The sliding assembly 24 includes a sliding rod 242 and a handle 241. The sliding rod 242 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1 and located in one of the sliding grooves 11. The sliding rod 242 has threads with opposite directions at both ends. The first mounting block 231 and the second mounting block 232 are threadedly connected to the two ends of the sliding rod 242. The handle 241 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1 and coaxially connected to the sliding rod 242.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first mounting block 231 and the second mounting block 232 have grooves 234 on their vertical surfaces facing the air cooler 22 for engaging with the bottom of the air cooler 22. A connecting rod 233 extends along the width of the fabric on the bottom wall of the groove 234. The bottom of the air cooler 22 has a connecting groove 221 for engaging with the connecting rod 233. The connecting rod 233 and the connecting groove 221 reduce the possibility of the air cooler 22 sliding in the vertical direction. When the air cooler 22 needs to be disassembled, the handle 241 is held to move the first mounting block 231 and the second mounting block 232 away from each other, so that the connecting rod 233 is moved out of the connecting groove 221, thereby facilitating the disassembly and replacement of the air cooler 22.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The dye box 3 is equipped with a fabric squeezing roller assembly 34 for squeezing the fabric. The fabric squeezing roller assembly 34 includes an upper fabric squeezing roller 342 and a lower fabric squeezing roller 341 extending along the width direction of the fabric. The lower fabric squeezing roller 341 is fixedly installed on the dye box 3, and a detection component 31 is installed between the lower fabric squeezing roller 341 and the dye box 3.

[0041] Reference Figure 4 The detection component 31 includes a pressure sensor 312 and a controller 311. The pressure sensor 312 is installed between the lower fabric roller 341 and the fabric, and the controller 311 is installed on the side wall of the dye box 3. The controller 311 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 312.

[0042] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The upper fabric roller 342 is rotatably mounted on the dye box 3 via a lifting assembly 32. The lifting assembly 32 includes a lifting screw 322 and a drive component 321. A vertically extending mounting groove 33 is provided on the inner wall of the dye box 3. A mounting block 331 is slidably mounted in the mounting groove 33. The upper fabric roller 342 is rotatably mounted on the mounting block 331. The lifting screw 322 is rotatably mounted on the dye box 3 and located in the mounting groove 33. The mounting block 331 is threadedly connected to the lifting screw 322. The drive component 321 includes a second drive motor, which is mounted on the dye box 3 and electrically connected to a controller 311. The output shaft of the second drive motor... Coaxially connected to the lifting screw 322, when the fabric passes between the upper and lower rollers 342 and 341, the pressure sensor 312 transmits the pressure value of the fabric pressing on the lower roller 341 to the controller 311. The controller 311 compares the pressure value with the preset pressure value, thereby controlling the start of the second drive motor and the rotation direction of the lifting screw 322. This causes the upper roller 342 to rise and fall in the dye box 3 via the mounting block 331, ensuring that fabrics of different thicknesses are squeezed and adsorbed with relatively uniform dye in the same dye box 3, reducing the possibility of differences in dyeing effect between fabrics of different thicknesses in the same dyeing machine.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 6 Two guide rollers 35 are rotatably installed in the dye box 3. The two guide rollers 35 are distributed on both sides of the upper fabric roller 342 along the fabric conveying direction. A guide assembly 36 is installed between the guide rollers 35 and the dye box 3. The guide assembly 36 includes a guide roller 361 and a guide block 362.

[0044] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The dye box 3 has a sliding groove 37 extending vertically. The guide roller 361 is installed in the sliding groove 37. The guide block 362 is slidably sleeved on the guide roller 361. The guide block 362 is integrally connected with the mounting block 331. When the second drive motor drives the mounting block 331 on the lifting screw 322 to rise and fall, the guide block 362 rises and falls with the mounting block 331, thereby driving the guide roller 361 to rise and fall together with the upper fabric roller 342. This makes the fabric relatively flat when it is squeezed on the lower fabric roller 342, reducing the V-shape of the fabric on the upper fabric roller 342 and reducing the detection result of the pressure sensor 312.

[0045] Reference Figure 1The fabric rolling device 4 includes a fabric rolling roller 42 and a transmission component 41. The fabric rolling roller 42 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1 and extends along the width direction of the fabric. The transmission component 41 includes a transmission motor, which is mounted on the frame 1. The output shaft of the transmission motor is coaxially mounted with the fabric rolling roller 42. A baffle plate 5 is mounted on the frame 1. The baffle plate 5 is inclined upward along the dye box 3 toward the fabric rolling roller 42. The bottom end of the baffle plate 5 is pressed against the outer wall of the dye box 3. Baffle plates 51 are installed on both ends of the baffle plate 5 along the width direction of the fabric. The baffle plates 51 and the baffle plates 5 form a receiving groove below the fabric rolling roller 42. On the one hand, this reduces the possibility of dye dripping from the fabric onto the ground. On the other hand, it reduces the possibility of the fabric slipping off the fabric rolling roller 42 and falling to the ground.

[0046] The implementation principle of a cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: As the fabric is conveyed between the guide rod 26 and the feed roller 21, the cooler 22 blows air onto the fabric to reduce its temperature, allowing it to be conveyed to the dye box 3 for dyeing.

[0047] When the air cooler 22 is damaged and needs to be replaced, hold the handle 241 and rotate the sliding rod 242, thereby causing the first mounting block 231 and the second mounting block 232 to slide along the width of the fabric, causing the plug rod 233 to disengage from the plug groove 221 at the bottom of the air cooler 22, thus facilitating the disassembly and replacement of the air cooler 22.

[0048] When the fabric enters the dye box 3, it passes under the guide roller 35 and the upper roller 342. The upper roller 342 presses the fabric onto the lower roller 341, thereby squeezing the fabric and adsorbing the dye. When the pressure value on the lower roller 341 differs from the preset pressure value of the controller 311, the controller 311 causes the second drive motor to drive the lifting screw 322 to rotate, thereby driving the mounting block 331 and the guide block 362 to rise and fall on the guide roller 361, thereby reducing the possibility of dyeing differences between fabrics of different thicknesses in the same dye box 3.

[0049] After the fabric dyeing is completed, the drive motor drives the fabric roll 42 to rotate on the frame 1, thereby rolling the fabric onto the fabric roll 42, which facilitates the fabric to be dyed while still. The baffle plate 5 and baffle plate 51 below the fabric roll 42 reduce the possibility of dye dripping from the fabric onto the ground, and also reduce the possibility of the fabric slipping off the fabric roll 42 and falling to the ground.

[0050] The above are preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics, comprising a frame (1), wherein the frame (1) is provided with a fabric feeding cooling device (2), a dye box (3), and a fabric winding device (4) distributed along the fabric conveying direction; wherein the dye box (3) is provided with a padding roller group (34) for padding the fabric, the padding roller group (34) comprising an upper padding roller (342) and a lower padding roller (341); wherein the upper padding roller (342) is rotatably disposed in the dye box (3), and the lower padding roller (341) is fixedly disposed in the dye box (3) and located directly below the upper padding roller (342), characterized in that: A detection component (31) is provided between the lower fabric roller (341) and the dye box (3), and a lifting component (32) is provided between the upper fabric roller (342) and the dye box (3). The detection component (31) includes a pressure sensor (312) and a controller (311). The pressure sensor (312) is located between the lower fabric roller (341) and the fabric. The controller (311) is located on the dye box (3) and is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (312). The lifting component (32) is electrically connected to the controller (311).

2. The cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting assembly (32) includes a lifting screw (322) and a drive component (321). The lifting screw (322) is rotatably mounted on the dye box (3) and extends in the vertical direction. The end of the upper fabric roller (342) is threadedly connected to the lifting screw (322) through a mounting block (331). The drive component (321) is mounted on the dye box (3) and is connected to the lifting screw (322) in a transmission manner. The drive component (321) is electrically connected to the controller (311).

3. The cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dye box (3) is provided with two guide rollers (35) distributed along the fabric conveying direction. The two guide rollers (35) move up and down in the dye box (3) with the lifting screw (322).

4. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide assembly (36) is provided between the guide roller (35) and the dye box (3). The guide assembly (36) includes a guide block (362) and a guide roller (361). The guide block (362) is integrally disposed on the mounting block (331). The guide roller (35) is rotatably disposed on the guide block (362). The guide roller (361) is vertically disposed in the dye box (3) and slidably connected to the guide block (362).

5. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fabric cooling device (2) includes a fabric feed roller (21) and a cooling fan (22). The fabric feed roller (21) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1) and extends along the width of the fabric. The cooling fan (22) is detachably mounted on the frame (1) and blows air toward the fabric.

6. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 5, characterized in that: An installation assembly (23) is provided between the air cooler (22) and the frame (1). The installation assembly (23) includes a first installation block (231) and a second installation block (232). The first installation block (231) and the second installation block (232) are slidably disposed on the frame (1) and distributed along the width direction of the fabric. The first installation block (231) and the second installation block (232) slide relative to each other through a sliding assembly (24) to clamp and release the air cooler (22).

7. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sliding assembly (24) includes a sliding rod (242) and a handle (241). The sliding rod (242) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1) and extends along the width of the fabric. The sliding rod (242) has two threads with opposite directions. The first mounting block (231) and the second mounting block (232) are threadedly connected to the two ends of the sliding rod (242). The handle (241) is mounted on the frame (1) and connected to the sliding rod (242).

8. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom end of the air cooler (22) is provided with a plug groove (221) extending along the width of the fabric. The first mounting block (231) and the second mounting block (232) are provided with plug rods (233) that are slidably connected to the plug groove (221) on the surface of the side facing the air cooler (22).

9. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fabric rolling device (4) includes a fabric rolling roller (42) and a transmission component (41). The fabric rolling roller (42) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1) and extends along the width of the fabric. The transmission component (41) is mounted on the frame (1) and is connected to the fabric rolling roller (42) in a transmission manner.

10. A cold pad-batch dyeing machine for knitted fabrics according to claim 9, characterized in that: The frame (1) is provided with a baffle plate (5) located below the fabric roll (42). The baffle plate (5) extends downwards towards the dye box (3) and abuts against the outer wall of the dye box (3). The baffle plate (51) is provided at both ends along the width direction of the fabric.

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