A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention

Abstract

This utility model discloses a water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention, comprising a diversion dam, a water-rock separation corridor, and a spillway. The water-rock separation corridor includes a framework, a coarse-mesh protective net, and sidewalls. A buffer filter layer is laid at the bottom of the spillway, and a fine-mesh protective net, detachably installed on the sidewalls via anchor bolts, is installed above the buffer filter layer. The function of this utility model is to utilize the characteristics of fluids to perform multi-stage filtration, screening, and energy dissipation of the water-soil and water-rock two-phase flow of debris flow through a complete water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention. This controls the initiation of the material source, transforming the debris flow into a mud-sand flow, fundamentally preventing debris flow occurrence. Its prevention effect is significant. Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, it greatly reduces construction costs, and the corridor possesses sufficient compressive strength, shear strength, and resistance to rock impact, ensuring sufficient stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model patent belongs to the technical field of debris flow prevention devices, specifically relating to a water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main approach to debris flow prevention and control involves engineering projects such as interception, diversion, and slope protection to control the replenishment conditions and reduce hydrodynamic conditions, thereby achieving the goal of control. This method requires favorable terrain conditions to implement these projects. For example, interception projects require relatively gentle gully slopes and wide gullies to accommodate large dam reservoirs. However, interception projects are prone to a series of stability and safety hazards, such as dam foundation erosion, dam bypass erosion, and dam failure, and cannot completely eliminate the hazards of debris flows. Diversion projects require relatively straight gully shapes and sufficient scour depth to ensure the stability of the sidewalls. However, diversion projects are prone to foundation erosion, overturning, and collapse of the sidewalls, as well as bottom scour and downcutting. Overall, current traditional prevention and control approaches and technologies can meet the needs of some debris flow prevention and control, but they cannot solve the problem of debris flow prevention and control under special conditions. In cases where the gully is narrow, has a large longitudinal slope, and has many loose and easily activated source bodies upstream, it can easily cause a sudden, devastating disaster.

[0003] In existing technologies, to address the aforementioned challenges, researchers often employ fish-ridge-shaped grid dams for debris flow control. For example, Chinese patent (CN202298575U) discloses a fish-ridge-shaped debris flow water-rock separation system, which innovates the water-rock separation structure by sequentially setting a diversion dam and a fish-ridge-shaped water-rock separation grid dam along the debris flow direction. The ridge line of the water-rock separation grid dam is aligned with the debris flow direction. The diversion dam bears the main load of the debris flow, while the load borne by the water-rock separation grid dam structure is reduced. During operation, the debris flow flows through the diversion dam's inlet to the upper part of the water-rock separation grid dam, where gravity separates the debris flow into water and rocks, causing solid materials to detach from the debris flow path and stagnate on both sides of the gully bed.

[0004] However, this method has its drawbacks: although the diversion dam can withstand the main load of debris flow, long-term diversion will cause the gully bed in front of the dam to rise, causing the dam to gradually lose its ability to withstand the main load of debris flow, which in turn leads to an increase in the load on the grid dam structure. The rib-shaped fish spine skeleton has poor load-bearing capacity and is easily damaged and washed away by rocks in the debris flow. Meanwhile, a debris flow water-rock separation grid dam and water-rock separation system disclosed in Chinese patent (CN109137847B) also has the above-mentioned defects. Moreover, the gaps between these rib-shaped fish spine skeletons are easily blocked and difficult to clean. This type of water-rock separation barrier dam can achieve a more obvious water-rock separation effect in the early stage of use, but after a period of use, the accumulation of soil and rocks that are difficult to clean will reduce or even eliminate the water-rock separation performance of the dam.

[0005] Furthermore, as described in the aforementioned prior art, the inventors utilize multiple sets of debris flow water-rock separation systems arranged along the debris flow direction to dissipate energy in the debris flow. This method is only effective in the early stages, and it becomes difficult to clean the debris accumulated on the spillway and the water-rock separation grid dam in the later stages. It also causes the ditch bed to rise, resulting in the gradual loss of the system's function. It does not fundamentally solve the problem of controlling solid material sources and creates a risk reserve. Once the barrier project becomes unstable or the dam breaks, forming a landslide dam, the destructive force will be enormous, and the resulting disaster will be unbearable.

[0006] Therefore, this paper provides a water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention. This device utilizes the characteristics of fluids to perform multi-stage filtration, screening, and energy dissipation of the water-soil and water-rock two-phase flows of debris flows through a complete water-rock separation corridor. It controls the initiation of material sources at the source, transforming debris flows into mud-sand-water flows, fundamentally preventing debris flows from occurring. Its prevention effect is significant. Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, it greatly reduces construction costs, and the corridor possesses sufficient compressive strength, shear strength, and resistance to rock impact, ensuring sufficient stability.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: a water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention, comprising a diversion dam, a water-rock separation corridor, and a spillway. The diversion dam is set on the debris flow gully bed, and the water-rock separation corridor and the spillway are connected to the debris flow gully bed behind the diversion dam. The water-rock separation corridor is fixedly installed across the top of the spillway. The end face of the water-rock separation corridor is arched and has a permeable structure. It includes a frame, a coarse-pore protective net, and sidewalls. The frame is fixedly installed across the sidewalls on both sides of the gully bed above the spillway. The coarse-pore protective net is detachably installed on the upper surface of the frame through an anchor structure. The bottom of the spillway is covered with a buffer filter layer, and a fine-pore protective net is detachably installed on the sidewalls through an anchor structure above the buffer filter layer.

[0009] Preferably, the frame is made of C30 or higher grade reinforced concrete, with H-beams inserted in the middle of the frame, and the water-permeable holes on the frame are triangular in shape.

[0010] Preferably, the frame also includes a top beam, an arch beam, diagonal bracing beams, and a bottom beam. The top beam is longitudinally positioned at the top of the arched frame. The arch beams span across the arched end face, connecting the top beam and the bottom beam. The diagonal bracing beams cross diagonally with the arch beams as the center, connecting the top beam and the bottom beam. The bottom beams are positioned on both sides of the frame.

[0011] Preferably, the buffer filter layer is made of ballast stone or pebbles laid flat.

[0012] Preferably, both the coarse-hole protective net and the fine-hole protective net are made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.

[0013] Preferably, the coarse-mesh protective net has several anchor buckles that match the anchor nails evenly arranged on both sides and in the middle, and the fine-mesh protective net has several anchor buckles that match the anchor nails evenly arranged on both sides.

[0014] Preferably, the skeleton is fixedly installed across the inside of both sides of the upper channel bed of the discharge channel.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention utilizes the characteristics of fluids to control debris flow. A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention filters, separates, and dissipates the two-phase flow of water and soil through multiple stages. The more fluid, sand-laden water is filtered through the corridor's openings and then further buffered and filtered through internal spillways before being discharged downstream. Large solid particles, deprived of water, experience significantly increased friction, greatly reducing their fluidity and causing them to remain at the top and sides of the corridor. This design controls the initiation of debris flow at its source, transforming it into a mud-sand flow, fundamentally preventing debris flows. Its prevention effect is significant. Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, it greatly reduces construction costs, and the corridor possesses sufficient compressive strength, shear strength, and resistance to rock impact, ensuring its stability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort. Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the corridor with side walls according to this utility model; Figure 2This is a structural diagram of a corridor with side walls according to this utility model; Figure 3 This is a top view of the corridor with side walls according to this utility model; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the end face of the corridor with side walls according to this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the end face of the wallless corridor according to this utility model; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Top beam; 2. Arch beam; 3. Diagonal bracing beam; 4. Bottom beam; 5. Side wall; 6. Drainage channel; 7. Buffer filter layer; 8. Coarse-mesh protective net; 9. Fine-mesh protective net. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. Example 1

[0018] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the prior art in this embodiment has the following problems: The inventor found that the prior art also has defects: the load-bearing capacity of the rib-shaped fish spine skeleton is not good, and it is easily damaged and washed away by rocks in the debris flow; and the gaps between these rib-shaped fish spine skeletons are easy to be blocked and difficult to clean. This type of water-rock separation barrier dam can achieve a more obvious water-rock separation effect in the early stage of use, but after a period of use, the accumulation of soil and rocks that are difficult to clean will reduce or even eliminate the water-rock separation performance of the dam body. Even if multiple sets of debris flow water-rock separation systems are used to dissipate energy and separate debris flows, this method is only effective in the early stage. Therefore, the inventor provides a water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention, including a diversion dam, a water-rock separation corridor, and a spillway 6. The diversion dam is set on the debris flow gully bed, and the water-rock separation corridor and spillway 6 are connected to the debris flow gully bed behind the diversion dam. The water-rock separation corridor is fixedly installed across the top of the spillway 6. The end face of the water-rock separation corridor is arched and has a permeable structure. It includes a frame, a coarse-pore protective net 8, and sidewalls 5. The frame is fixedly installed across the sidewalls 5 on both sides of the gully bed above the spillway 6. The coarse-pore protective net 8 is detachably installed on the upper surface of the frame by means of an anchor structure. The bottom of the spillway 6 is covered with a buffer filter layer 7, and a fine-pore protective net 9 is detachably installed on the sidewalls 5 by means of an anchor structure above the buffer filter layer 7.

[0019] The effect and principle are as follows: This utility model controls the material source by utilizing the characteristics of fluids. Through a water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention, the water-soil and water-rock two-phase flows of the debris flow undergo multi-stage filtration, screening, and energy dissipation. The more fluid, sand-laden water flows through the corridor's gaps and is filtered into the corridor's interior. It then undergoes further buffering, filtration, and energy dissipation through the discharge channel 6 inside the corridor before finally being discharged downstream. Large solid particles, having lost the effect of water, experience a significant increase in mutual friction, greatly reducing their fluidity and causing them to remain at the top and sides of the corridor. This design can control the initiation of the material source, transforming the debris flow into a mud-sand flow, fundamentally preventing debris flows from occurring, and its prevention effect is significant.

[0020] Furthermore, the frame is made of C30 or higher grade reinforced concrete, with H-beams interspersed in the middle of the frame, and the water-permeable holes on the frame are triangular in shape. This structure ensures that the main load-bearing beams have sufficient compressive strength, shear strength, and resistance to rock impact.

[0021] Furthermore, the frame also includes a top beam 1, an arch beam 2, a diagonal bracing beam 3, and a bottom beam 4. The top beam 1 is longitudinally positioned at the top of the arch frame. The arch beam 2 spans across the arch end face, connecting the top beam 1 and the bottom beam 4. The diagonal bracing beam 3 crosses diagonally with the arch beam 2 as the center, connecting the top beam 1 and the bottom beam 4. The bottom beam 4 is positioned on both sides of the frame. In this structure, the top beam 1 is the main longitudinal load-bearing beam at the top of the arch, mainly serving to disperse the debris flow fluid and solid particle accumulation; the arch beam 2 is the main transverse load-bearing beam of the arch, which can provide support for the arch and solid particle accumulation; the diagonal bracing beam 3 is a force transmission beam, and the inclination angle of the diagonal bracing beam 3 can be set according to the size of the longitudinal slope of the ditch, mainly serving to transmit the horizontal impact force of the debris flow from the top beam 1 to the bottom beam 4 or the side wall 5 at the lower end; the bottom beam 4 is a fixed beam, mainly serving to connect the corridor with the slopes of the two sides of the ditch into a whole, and to overlap the H-shaped steel support and passive protection net.

[0022] Furthermore, the buffer filter layer 7 is made of ballast or pebbles laid flat. Compared to existing technologies that involve casting the spillway 6 into a concrete base slab, this structural design can significantly reduce the construction cost of the project. At the same time, the buffer filter layer 7 can be used to buffer, filter, and dissipate the sand-laden water flow of the debris flow, preventing the excessive flow of water discharged from the spillway 6 from scouring the mountain and causing secondary debris flow disasters.

[0023] Furthermore, both the coarse-mesh protective net 8 and the fine-mesh protective net 9 are made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials; The aperture of the protective net in this structure can be selected according to the actual geological conditions. Generally speaking, the coarse-pore protective net 8 is to assist the skeleton in blocking stones that are similar in size to the triangular holes of the skeleton, so that the stones can roll to both sides of the corridor under the guidance of the arch beam 2 and the inclined bracing beam 3. The fine-pore protective net 9 is to filter and dissipate the sand-containing water flow entering the corridor again, and at the same time help to hold the buffer filter layer 7 to prevent it from being washed away by the water flow.

[0024] Furthermore, the coarse-mesh protective net 8 has several anchor buckles that match the anchor nails evenly arranged on both sides and in the middle, and the fine-mesh protective net 9 has several anchor buckles that match the anchor nails evenly arranged on both sides. In this structure, the anchors on both sides can be detachably installed on the bottom beam 4 with anchor nails, and the middle part can be detachably installed on the top beam 1. In this way, if a small-scale debris flow occurs, the protective net can be removed to clear the debris on the corridor and avoid blockage, thus making it easier to deal with possible large-scale debris flows.

[0025] Furthermore, the skeleton is fixedly installed across the inside of both sides of the upper channel bed of the discharge channel 6; It should be understood that when the engineering geological conditions of both bank slopes can meet the stress requirements of the corridor, there is no need to build side walls 5 as the foundation of the corridor, so the inventor left this solution. Example 2

[0026] Based on the above technical solution, the inventor achieved it in the following way: First, based on historical meteorological data, determine the peak flow of the rainstorm, the peak flow of the debris flow, the flow velocity, the characteristics of the debris flow basin, the source conditions, the total source amount, the amount of source material that can participate in the debris flow, the distribution location of the main sources participating in the debris flow and the way they participate in the debris flow, the amount of source material ejected in a single debris flow, the total amount of solid material ejected by the debris flow, the impact force of the debris flow, and the impact force of large rocks. Next, the cross-section of the corridor is determined based on the debris flow rate and velocity to ensure sufficient flow area. The weight of the solid material accumulated at the top of the corridor is determined based on the amount of solid material ejected from the debris flow and the amount of debris flow source material that can participate. The cross-sectional size of the main load-bearing beams of the corridor, the strength of the H-beams, and the spacing of their installation are determined based on the weight of the accumulated solid material, the impact force of the debris flow, and the impact force of large rocks. The mesh size of the protective net is determined based on the content and size of solid particles in the debris flow. Then, by performing structural mechanics calculations on the water-rock separation corridor, it was ensured that the main load-bearing beams had sufficient compressive strength, shear strength, and resistance to rock impact. The inclination angle of the inclined bracing beam 3 was set according to the longitudinal slope of the channel to ensure the overall stability of the corridor. The geological and hydrodynamic conditions at the bottom of the channel were used to determine whether the bottom of the channel needed to be paved to ensure the stability of the corridor foundation. Finally, it is important to note that the span of the water-rock separation corridor should not be too large to ensure sufficient stability. The arch curvature of the corridor should not be too gentle; the corridor should be made approximately semi-circular to form a compression structure, fully utilizing the compressive strength of the concrete. The top beam 1 is the main load-bearing beam, acting as a breakthrough point for debris flows. After the solid material accumulates, it becomes a major load-bearing component, and its cross-section should not be too small to ensure the overall integrity and safety of the structure. The side walls 5 on both sides of the corridor should have sufficient supporting capacity to serve as the corridor foundation and ensure overall stability.

[0027] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention, comprising a diversion dam, a water-rock separation corridor, and a spillway (6), wherein the diversion dam is disposed on the debris flow gully bed, and the water-rock separation corridor and the spillway (6) are connected to the debris flow gully bed behind the diversion dam, and the water-rock separation corridor is fixedly disposed above the spillway (6), characterized in that: The water-stone separation corridor has an arched end face and is a permeable structure. It includes a frame, a coarse-pore protective net (8), and side walls (5). The frame is fixedly installed across the side walls (5) on both sides of the upper channel bed of the spillway (6). The coarse-pore protective net (8) is detachably installed on the upper surface of the frame through an anchor structure. The bottom of the spillway (6) is covered with a buffer filter layer (7). A fine-pore protective net (9) is detachably installed on the side wall (5) through an anchor structure above the buffer filter layer (7).

2. The water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is made of C30 or higher grade reinforced concrete, with H-beams inserted in the middle of the frame, and the water-permeable holes on the frame are triangular in shape.

3. A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame also includes a top beam (1), an arch beam (2), a diagonal bracing beam (3), and a bottom beam (4). The top beam (1) is longitudinally set at the top of the arch frame. The arch beam (2) spans across the arch end face to connect the top beam (1) and the bottom beam (4). The diagonal bracing beam (3) is inclined and crosses the arch beam (2) to connect the top beam (1) and the bottom beam (4). The bottom beam (4) is set on both sides of the frame.

4. A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer filter layer (7) is made of ballast or cobblestones laid flat.

5. A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the coarse-hole protective net (8) and the fine-hole protective net (9) are made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.

6. A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coarse-hole protective net (8) has several anchor buckles that match the anchor nails evenly arranged on both sides and in the middle, and the fine-hole protective net (9) has several anchor buckles that match the anchor nails evenly arranged on both sides.

7. A water-rock separation corridor for debris flow prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skeleton is fixedly installed across the inside of both sides of the upper channel bed of the discharge channel (6).

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