A type of spillway arrangement with a pressureless tunnel design.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522015953.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-19
AI Technical Summary
[0003]为了解决上述现有技术问题，本实用新型提供具有能够解决地形条件无法满足开敞式泄槽布置的难题，避免泄槽段靠山体侧大开挖及高边坡形成，同时合理处理冲沟来水对溢洪道的影响等技术特点的一种泄槽为无压隧洞型式的溢洪道布置结构
[0012]有益效果：结合工程地形地质条件，泄槽段采用无压隧洞段型式，有效解决泄槽明挖产生的高边坡问题，规避大开挖造成的弃渣难处理、边坡支护工程量巨大情况，节省工程投资和征地投资；明流段跨越冲沟段设置过沟涵管，避免冲沟来水对溢洪道泄槽边墙产生不利影响，为溢洪道泄槽段跨越冲沟布置提供设计思路与参考，保障建筑物安全运行。
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Figure CN224705084U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to spillways in water conservancy projects, and in particular to a spillway layout structure with a discharge channel of the type of unpressurized tunnel. Background Technology
[0002] Spillways are common spillway structures in water conservancy and hydropower projects, characterized by large discharge capacity, high flow velocity, and large cross-section. The layout of spillways must be based on the actual topographical and geological conditions. Typically, spillways are designed as open channels. However, when constrained by topographical and geological conditions, using open spillways would require excavation on the mountainside, creating high slopes, which not only incurs significant investment but also poses safety risks. To meet the requirements of the site's topography, it is necessary to adopt a spillway layout structure that reduces excavation, avoids high slopes, and adapts to the terrain. Utility Model Content
[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, this utility model provides a spillway layout structure with a spillway as a pressureless tunnel, which has the technical characteristics of solving the problem that the terrain conditions cannot meet the requirements for open spillway layout, avoiding large-scale excavation and high slope formation on the side of the spillway section near the mountain, and reasonably handling the impact of gully water on the spillway.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:
[0005] This utility model discloses a spillway arrangement structure with a pressureless tunnel type of spillway, comprising an intake channel section, a control section, an open flow section, a pressureless tunnel section, and an outlet energy dissipation section connected in sequence.
[0006] The intake channel section is located upstream of the control section, and the downstream side of the control section is the open flow section. The open flow section is followed by the unpressurized tunnel section, and the downstream of the unpressurized tunnel section is the outlet energy dissipation section.
[0007] Preferably, a culvert is installed between the open channel section and the unpressurized tunnel section to guide and drain the water from the gully.
[0008] Preferably, the culvert is arranged on the side wall of the open channel section.
[0009] Preferably, the inlet channel section, control section, open flow section, unpressurized tunnel section, and outlet energy dissipation section are all reinforced concrete structures.
[0010] Preferably, the cross-section of the inlet channel section and the open flow section is rectangular.
[0011] Preferably, the unpressurized tunnel section, except for the inlet and outlet, is sealed, and its cross-section is in the shape of a city gate, which from top to bottom includes a semi-circle at the top and a rectangle at the bottom.
[0012] Beneficial effects: Combining the engineering topography and geological conditions, the spillway section adopts the unpressurized tunnel type, which effectively solves the problem of high slopes caused by open excavation of the spillway, avoids the difficulties in handling waste and the huge amount of slope support work caused by large-scale excavation, and saves project investment and land acquisition investment; the open flow section is equipped with culverts to cross the gully section, which avoids the adverse effects of the gully water on the spillway spillway sidewalls, provides design ideas and references for the layout of spillway spillway sections crossing gullies, and ensures the safe operation of the structure. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a structural plan view of the present utility model.
[0014] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Cross-sectional view.
[0015] In the diagram: 1—Intake channel section; 2—Control section; 3—Open flow section; 4—Unpressurized tunnel section; 5—Outlet energy dissipation section; 6—Culvert. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0017] In the description of the utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.
[0018] Technical content / solution of this utility model:
[0019] I. Overall Structure
[0020] It includes an intake channel section 1, a control section 2, an open flow section 3, a pressureless tunnel section 4, and an outlet energy dissipation section 5; the intake channel section 1 is located upstream of the control section 2, the open flow section 3 is downstream of the control section 2, the open flow section 3 is connected to the pressureless tunnel section 4, and the outlet energy dissipation section 5 is downstream of the pressureless tunnel section 4; the open flow section 3 is equipped with a culvert 6 for guiding and draining the water from the gully.
[0021] II. Structure and Materials of Each Component
[0022] Material: The inlet channel section 1, control section 2, open flow section 3, pressureless tunnel section 4 and outlet energy dissipation section 5 are all reinforced concrete structures to ensure structural strength and durability.
[0023] Cross-sections of the inlet channel and open flow section: The cross-sections of the inlet channel 1 and the open flow section 3 are rectangular, which is adapted to the needs of water flow guidance and flow passage.
[0024] Cross section of the unpressurized tunnel section: The cross section of the unpressurized tunnel section 4 is shaped like a city gate, which has good mechanical properties in terms of bearing the pressure of the surrounding rock.
[0025] Arrangement of culverts: The culverts 6 are arranged on the side wall of the open flow section 3 to accurately guide and drain the water from the ditch.
[0026] III. Structural Construction
[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the water intake section 1, control section 2, open flow section 3, unpressurized tunnel section 4, and outlet energy dissipation section 5 are constructed sequentially, with a culvert 6 installed on the sidewall of the open flow section 3. The water intake section 1, control section 2, open flow section 3, unpressurized tunnel section 4, and outlet energy dissipation section 5 are all constructed using reinforced concrete to ensure structural integrity and strength.
[0028] When terrain constraints necessitate an open-cut method for the spillway, resulting in steep slopes, high difficulty, and extensive support work, the unpressurized tunnel section 4 of the spillway can avoid large-scale excavation of the mountain, saving land acquisition costs. Specifically: if a natural gully exists downstream of the spillway control section 2, and the ground elevation is too low for tunnel access, an open-flow section 3 is constructed downstream of control section 2 based on the existing terrain. Its cross-section is rectangular, and the reinforced concrete structure of the sidewalls and bottom slab solves the layout challenges caused by insufficient terrain conditions. An overflow weir is installed in control section 2, connecting downstream to open-flow section 3. A natural gully exists on the left side of open-flow section 3, and a culvert 6 is installed on the upstream side of the gully along the sidewall of open-flow section 3 to divert water from the gully and avoid adverse effects on the open-flow section structure. The outlet energy dissipation section 5 at the end of the unpressurized tunnel section 4 uses a stilling basin to dissipate energy.
[0029] The inlet channel section 1, control section 2, open flow section 3, pressureless tunnel section 4, and outlet energy dissipation section 5 of this utility model are all water flow paths, but each section has a unique function and structural characteristics due to its different division of labor in the spillway system.
[0030] Intake Section 1: Located upstream of Control Section 2, its function is to smoothly guide water from reservoirs and other water sources to the control section. It acts as the "inlet channel" of the entire spillway, providing flow conditions for subsequent discharge. Structurally, it has a rectangular cross-section and is constructed of reinforced concrete. This design ensures good stability and erosion resistance when guiding water flow, and can accommodate a certain flow rate.
[0031] Control Section 2: This is a crucial part of the entire spillway, primarily responsible for controlling its discharge capacity. It typically includes an overflow weir, the size and shape of which are designed to regulate the flow rate into the spillway. When the reservoir water level rises to a certain height, exceeding the weir crest elevation, water overflows from the weir into the open channel downstream of the control section, thus achieving flood discharge. The control section also utilizes reinforced concrete to withstand the impact forces and other loads of the water flow.
[0032] Open-flow section 3: Downstream of control section 2, it connects to the unpressurized tunnel section 4. Its main function is to further guide and adjust the water flow after the control section's discharge, allowing it to smoothly enter the unpressurized tunnel section. This section is equipped with a culvert 6, installed on the sidewalls, to guide and drain water from the gully, preventing adverse effects on the spillway sidewalls and ensuring the safe operation of the structure. The open-flow section has a rectangular cross-section, and the reinforced concrete sidewalls and base slab effectively resist water erosion while meeting the discharge layout requirements under specific terrain conditions, solving the problem of insufficient tunnel entry conditions caused by topography.
[0033] Unpressurized Tunnel Section 4: Following the open channel section 3, it connects downstream to the outlet energy dissipation section 5. This is the key part that distinguishes this spillway from traditional open-channel spillways. When topographical and geological conditions limit the use of open-channel spillways, which would result in high slopes due to excavation along the mountainside, the unpressurized tunnel section employs a tunnel design. This avoids large-scale excavation of the mountain, reduces waste disposal and slope support work, and saves on project and land acquisition costs. Its cross-section is arch-shaped, which provides excellent mechanical properties in terms of withstanding surrounding rock pressure, ensuring the structural stability of the tunnel during long-term water flow.
[0034] Outlet energy dissipation section 5: Located downstream of the unpressurized tunnel section 4, it is the final stage of the entire spillway discharge process. After the discharge from the preceding sections, the water flow possesses high velocity and energy; without energy dissipation, it would cause severe scouring of the downstream river channel and riverbed. The outlet energy dissipation section is equipped with energy dissipation facilities, such as stilling basins, to eliminate most of the water flow's energy through hydraulic jumps, reducing the flow velocity and allowing the water to enter the downstream river channel in a more stable state, thus protecting the safety of the downstream river channel and related hydraulic structures.
[0035] Finally, it should be noted that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of this utility model should be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A spillway arrangement structure with a pressureless tunnel type of spillway, characterized in that, It includes the intake channel section (1), control section (2), open flow section (3), pressureless tunnel section (4), and outlet energy dissipation section (5) connected in sequence; The intake channel section (1) is located upstream of the control section (2), and the downstream side of the control section (2) is the open flow section (3). The open flow section (3) is followed by the pressureless tunnel section (4), and the downstream of the pressureless tunnel section (4) is the outlet energy dissipation section (5).
2. The spillway arrangement structure of the unpressurized tunnel type according to claim 1, characterized in that, A culvert (6) is installed between the open channel section (3) and the unpressurized tunnel section (4) to guide and drain the water from the gully.
3. The spillway arrangement structure of the unpressurized tunnel type according to claim 2, characterized in that, The culvert (6) is arranged on the side wall of the open flow section (3).
4. The spillway arrangement structure of the unpressurized tunnel type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intake section (1), control section (2), open flow section (3), pressureless tunnel section (4), and outlet energy dissipation section (5) are all reinforced concrete structures.
5. A spillway arrangement structure with a pressureless tunnel type according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that, The cross-sections of the water intake section (1) and the open flow section (3) are rectangular.
6. A spillway arrangement structure with a pressureless tunnel type according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that, Except for the inlet and outlet, the pressureless tunnel section (4) is sealed, and its cross-section is in the shape of a city gate. From top to bottom, the city gate shape includes a semi-circle at the top and a rectangle at the bottom.