A device for monitoring the deformation of the sidewall of a rockfill dam.

Abstract

This utility model discloses a deformation monitoring device for the squeezed sidewall of a rockfill dam with concrete panels, relating to the field of hydraulic monitoring technology. It includes a monitoring device and two observation devices, with multiple monitoring devices spaced apart on the squeezed sidewall. The monitoring device includes a base, a rotating shaft horizontally positioned on top of the base, a mirror frame rotatably connected to the shaft, a prism mounted on the mirror frame, and a target fixed to the outer wall of the base. The observation device includes a concrete-cast base plate with a forced centering plate on top. This utility model can directly obtain deformation data of the top of the concrete panel to be cast, providing a basis for determining whether the dam settlement meets the panel casting conditions, effectively ensuring the quality of panel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy monitoring technology, and more specifically, it is a monitoring device for the deformation of the squeezed sidewall of a panel rockfill dam. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of concrete-faced rockfill dams, the face panels should only be poured after the dam body has completed its pre-settlement and the monthly settlement rate has reached the design control index; typically, the pre-settlement period for the dam body is 3-6 months. For face panels constructed in stages, the maximum settlement rate at the top of the poured face panels should be controlled within 5 mm / month. Since the face panels are poured on the dam's extrusion sidewalls, the settlement rate of the extrusion sidewalls is a key factor affecting the quality of the face panel pouring, and it also directly determines the timing of face panel construction and the overall progress. After the dam body has undergone a certain pre-settlement period, if the deformation monitoring results indicate that the displacement change of the top surface of the face panel poured on the extrusion sidewalls tends to stabilize, face panel construction can then be carried out on the extrusion sidewalls to ensure a tight bond between the face panels and the extrusion sidewalls, avoid voids, and thus ensure the stability and safety of the dam.

[0003] Currently, settlement monitoring during the construction of squeezed sidewalls in rockfill dams is mostly conducted using leveling. However, leveling requires the construction of dedicated observation channels at the squeezed sidewalls, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, affecting the dam's filling progress, but also poses significant operational safety risks. Furthermore, leveling results can only show the vertical displacement of the squeezed sidewalls, and cannot reflect the horizontal displacement caused by uneven settlement of the squeezed sidewalls at different locations on the dam. Another method is to bury flexible inclinometers in the cushion material area near the squeezed sidewalls, which can approximately measure the settlement of the squeezed sidewalls. However, this equipment is expensive, has many installation procedures, and is complex to construct, making it unsuitable for temporary settlement monitoring.

[0004] In summary, the above monitoring methods have shortcomings in terms of construction progress, safety, cost control, and the comprehensiveness of results, and are difficult to fully meet the actual needs of monitoring the deformation of the squeezed sidewalls during the construction stage of the rockfill dam. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient, economical, safe and reliable device for monitoring the deformation of the squeezed sidewalls. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide a device for monitoring the deformation of the squeezed sidewall of a panel rockfill dam.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a monitoring device for deformation of the squeezed sidewall of a rockfill dam, characterized in that: it includes a monitoring device and two observation devices, with multiple monitoring devices spaced apart on the squeezed sidewall; one observation device is located on the left bank of the dam, and the other observation device is located on the right bank of the dam; The monitoring device includes a base, a rotating shaft horizontally arranged on the top of the base, a mirror frame rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, a prism arranged on the mirror frame, and a target fixed to the outer wall of the base. The observation device includes a concrete casting molded into shape, with a forced centering base plate installed on top of the observation device.

[0007] The above technical solution also includes a connecting device, which includes a rod part, a connecting groove provided at the upper end of the rod part, and a connecting fixing part connected to the lower end of the rod part; the connecting groove is fitted into the bottom of the base; the connecting fixing part has a threaded structure and is embedded in the extrusion side wall.

[0008] In the above technical solution, multiple fluorescent markers are set on the target.

[0009] In the above technical solution, a protective cover is detachably installed on the forced centering base plate.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the surface of the observation device is covered with a white waterproof coating layer, and the inside of the observation device is provided with a multi-layer steel reinforcement skeleton, which includes longitudinal steel bars and transverse steel bars.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages.

[0012] 1) This utility model can directly obtain the deformation data of the top of the panel to be poured, providing a basis for judging whether the dam settlement meets the panel pouring conditions, and effectively ensuring the panel construction quality.

[0013] 2) The monitoring device of this utility model is installed simultaneously with the extrusion sidewall pouring, eliminating the need to build additional observation facilities in the dam filling area, thus avoiding interference with the later filling construction of the dam and ensuring that the project progress is not affected by the monitoring operation; at the same time, there is no need to build an aerial observation channel, reducing the safety risks of high-altitude operations, and the combined monitoring method of deformation monitoring device and total station significantly reduces equipment costs compared with flexible inclinometer, and is easy to install and operate, reducing the manpower and time investment in monitoring operations.

[0014] 3) The monitoring device of this utility model has excellent dustproof and waterproof performance. The surface of the target is coated with paint, and the surface of the prism is coated with an adhesive coating, a protective coating and an outermost anti-reflective coating in sequence. It can withstand the harsh environmental conditions during the construction of the dam and ensure long-term stable reflectivity and service life.

[0015] 4) The prism of this utility model can be quickly replaced after it is damaged, ensuring the continuity of monitoring work; it can provide stable and reliable measurement results in complex terrain environments or projects with high-precision monitoring requirements, providing strong protection for project quality and construction safety.

[0016] 5) This utility model allows for flexible adjustment of the prism's orientation by rotating the frame, ensuring accurate laser incidence during total station observations; and regardless of the angle from which the total station laser is projected onto the monitoring device prism, it can be reflected to the observation center point, ensuring the consistency of the observation benchmark; the fluorescent marker on the target can enhance the visibility of the marker in low-light environments.

[0017] 6) This utility model enhances the overall structural strength of the observation device through the synergistic effect of multi-directional steel bars, resisting the influence of dam vibration and external loads; the forced centering base plate plane accuracy can ensure that the total station is placed flat, further improving the accuracy of observation data; the protective cover can close and protect the surface of the forced centering base plate when not in the observation state, preventing dust, debris accumulation or damage from external impacts; when conducting total station observations, the protective cover can be opened to carry out the operation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting device.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the observation device.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of observation using the polar coordinate method.

[0023] Among them, 100-monitoring device, 110-base, 120-rotating shaft, 130-mirror frame, 140-prism, 141-observation center point, 150-target, 151-fluorescent mark, 200-observation device, 210-forced centering base plate, 220-protective cover, 230-white waterproof coating layer, 240-steel frame, 241-longitudinal steel bar, 242-transverse steel bar, 300-compressed side wall, 310-top of first-phase panel, 400-connecting device, 410-rod part, 420-connecting groove, 430-connecting fixing part. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the implementation of this utility model. However, these descriptions do not constitute a limitation of the present utility model and are merely illustrative. Furthermore, the advantages of this utility model will become clearer and easier to understand through this description.

[0025] As can be seen from the attached diagram: Figure 1As shown, a device for monitoring the deformation of the squeezed sidewall of a rockfill dam is characterized by comprising a monitoring device 100 and two observation devices 200, wherein multiple monitoring devices 100 are spaced apart on the squeezed sidewall 300; one observation device 200 is located on the left bank of the dam and the other observation device 200 is located on the right bank of the dam. like Figure 2 As shown, the monitoring device 100 includes a base 110, a rotating shaft 120 horizontally arranged on the top of the base 110, a mirror frame 130 rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 120, a prism 140 arranged on the mirror frame 130, and a target 150 fixed to the outer wall of the base 110. The surface of the sight 150 is coated with a paint coating, and the surface of the prism 140 is coated with an adhesive coating, a protective coating, and an anti-reflective coating from the inside out.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, the observation device 200 includes a forced centering base plate 210 cast from C20 concrete, and the total station is placed on the forced centering base plate 210.

[0027] The orientation of the prism 140 can be flexibly adjusted by rotating the frame 130 to ensure that the laser can be accurately incident during total station observation; and no matter what angle the total station laser is projected onto the prism 140 from, it can be reflected to the observation center point 141 of the prism 140, ensuring the consistency of the observation benchmark.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a connecting device 400, which includes a rod part 410, a connecting groove 420 disposed at the upper end of the rod part 410, and a connecting fixing part 430 connected to the lower end of the rod part 410; the connecting groove 420 is fitted into the bottom of the base 110; the connecting fixing part 430 has a threaded structure and is embedded in the extrusion sidewall 300.

[0029] The connecting groove 420 has a concave structure, and its size is adapted to the base 110. The two can be perfectly fitted and connected by a snap-fit, ensuring the stability of the monitoring device 100 after installation.

[0030] The threaded structure of the connecting and fixing part 430 increases the contact area with the extrusion sidewall 300, enhances the connection strength, ensures the reliability of the monitoring device 100 on the extrusion sidewall 300, and avoids displacement caused by dam settlement or construction vibration.

[0031] The sign 150 is provided with multiple fluorescent markers 151, which can enhance the visibility of the sign in low light conditions.

[0032] A protective cover 220 is detachably installed on the forced centering base plate 210.

[0033] When not in observation mode, the protective cover 220 can seal the surface of the forced centering base plate 210 to prevent dust, debris from accumulating or damage from external impacts; when conducting total station observations, the protective cover 220 can be opened to carry out the operation.

[0034] The observation device 200 has a white waterproof coating layer 230 on its surface and a multi-layer steel reinforcement skeleton 240 inside the observation device 200, which includes longitudinal steel bars 241 and transverse steel bars 242.

[0035] The white waterproof coating layer 230 can effectively prevent rainwater and moisture from penetrating the concrete interior of the observation device 200, delay concrete aging, and ensure the structural durability of the observation device 200.

[0036] The steel reinforcement cage 240 includes 4Φ12 longitudinal bars, 4Φ8 transverse bars, 8Φ12 vertical bars at the base, and 20Φ12 transverse bars at the base. Through the synergistic effect of the multi-directional steel bars, the overall structural strength of the monitoring device 30 is enhanced, resisting the vibration of the dam body and the influence of external loads.

[0037] The construction method of this utility model includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the top 310 of the first-phase panel. On the extrusion sidewall 300 corresponding to this elevation, install monitoring devices 100 according to the principle of one monitoring device 100 for every other panel. During installation, the connecting groove 420 of the connecting device 400 is used to snap and tighten the monitoring device 100 to the base 110, ensuring a firm connection. Then, the connecting and fixing part 430 of the connecting device 400 is embedded into the extrusion sidewall 300 during the pouring process. The threaded structure of the connecting and fixing part 430 increases the contact area with the extrusion sidewall 300, so that the monitoring device 100 is stably fixed on the extrusion sidewall 300. A total of 8 monitoring devices 100 are installed, forming an array of monitoring points evenly distributed along the top 310 of the first-phase panel on the extrusion sidewall 300. Step 2: Select locations with good visibility and stable bedrock characteristics on both sides of the dam to set up two observation devices 200. The observation devices 200 are directly cast into the rocks on both sides. The bedrock in this area has good integrity and the amount of deformation is negligible, which can provide a stable benchmark platform for observation. Step 3: Adjust the orientation of the prism 140 by rotating the frame 130 in the monitoring device 100 until the total station can clearly observe the prism 140 from the observation device 200; then operate the total station to center and level it to ensure that the total station laser beam can be accurately projected onto the prism 140 and reflected to the observation center point 141, laying the foundation for the accuracy of subsequent monitoring data.

[0038] The method of using this utility model includes the following steps: The observation device 200 at a stable and reliable location on the left bank upstream of the dam is used to set up a total station (Leica TM60, nominal angle measurement accuracy 0.5″, distance measurement accuracy 0.6mm+1.0ppm) for observation; the observation device 200 on the right bank of the dam is equipped with a prism for total station observation and orientation; the total station observation adopts the single-station polar coordinate method, with the observation device 200 on the left bank upstream of the dam as a fixed station and the observation device 200 on the right bank of the dam as a fixed backsight direction, to monitor the monitoring device 100 deployed on the squeeze sidewall 300.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the main steps of polar coordinate method observation are: 1. Set up the total station on observation device A and accurately center and level it; 2. Aim at observation device B for post-sight orientation; 3. Accurately aim at monitoring device P and complete the angle and distance measurement; 4. Calculate the coordinates of point P using the measured angles and distances. Each of the above steps has certain errors, the main errors including distance and angle measurement errors at point P, total station centering and leveling errors, and aiming errors. Since these errors are independent of each other, according to the error propagation theory, the positional error of point P when using the polar coordinate method to measure point P is calculated using the following formula: ① in This is the distance measurement error. For centering error, To account for leveling error, To account for aiming error, This represents the mean square error in angle measurement.

[0040] Since the observation device 200 uses a forced centering device and the monitoring device 100 is a fixed device, the centering error is negligible; since the Leica total station has tilt correction function, the leveling error is also negligible; the aiming error can be greatly reduced by increasing the number of observations, and is also ignored here for ease of calculation; therefore, the above formula can be simplified to Among them, ranging error The instrument's nominal accuracy can be calculated using the following formula: in To fix the distance measurement error of the total station, For distance measurement ratio error, The distance from the measuring point to the measuring station; angular measurement error. Calculate the instrument's nominal accuracy using the following formula: in To ensure the accuracy of total station angle measurement, It is a constant of 206265.

[0041] The formula for calculating the elevation difference of measuring points is: Elevation errors mainly come from distance measurement errors, vertical angle errors, and height measurement errors between the measuring station and the instrument station (the observation errors caused by atmospheric refraction are not considered here). Meanwhile, the same total station... i Angular error can also be considered as a systematic error, and the results of multiple observations can be approximately canceled out, so it is not considered in the calculation here.

[0042] The mirror station is a fixed monitoring device, which does not require height measurement, i.e., the height measurement error is 0, and the height measurement error of the station is taken as 1.0 mm.

[0043] According to the law of error propagation, the elevation error caused by the distance measurement error can be calculated by the following formula: The elevation error caused by the angle measurement error can be calculated by the following formula: In the two formulas above Since the angle is vertical, the elevation error can be calculated using the following formula: As can be seen from the second formula, under the same precision observation conditions, the positional accuracy of each monitoring point is negatively correlated with the distance between the measuring point and the station; that is, the longer the distance, the lower the accuracy. As can be seen from the eighth formula, the elevation error of a measuring point is related to both the distance between the measuring point and the station and the vertical angle. There is a negative correlation, meaning that the longer the distance measured, the lower the accuracy, and the vertical angle... The larger the value, the lower the accuracy.

[0044] Based on the distance and angle measurements taken on-site at each monitoring point on the dam's squeeze sidewall, the accuracy statistics of each monitoring point are shown in the table below. The accuracy of the weakest point in plane position is 1.05mm, and the accuracy of the weakest point in elevation position is 1.39mm, which meets the 5mm accuracy requirement for the dam's squeeze sidewall pouring construction.

[0045] Table 1. Statistical Table of Monitoring Point Accuracy for Dam Expansion Wall In summary, this invention enables continuous monitoring of the deformation of the extruded sidewall 300 in the first-phase panel. Through the coordinated operation of the aforementioned components and standardized installation and commissioning, this invention achieves accurate and stable monitoring of the extruded sidewall deformation, providing a reliable guarantee for the construction quality and safety of the panel rockfill dam.

[0046] All other unspecified parts belong to the prior art.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring the deformation of the squeezed sidewall of a rockfill dam, characterized in that: It includes a monitoring device (100) and two observation devices (200), with multiple monitoring devices (100) spaced apart on the compression sidewall (300); one observation device (200) is located on the left bank of the dam and the other observation device (200) is located on the right bank of the dam; The monitoring device (100) includes a base (110), a rotating shaft (120) horizontally arranged on the top of the base (110), a mirror frame (130) rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (120), a prism (140) arranged on the mirror frame (130), and a target (150) fixed to the outer wall of the base (110). The observation device (200) includes a concrete casting and a forced centering base plate (210) on top of the observation device (200).

2. The device for monitoring the deformation of the sidewall of a rockfill dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a connecting device (400), which includes a rod part (410), a connecting groove (420) disposed at the upper end of the rod part (410), and a connecting fixing part (430) connected to the lower end of the rod part (410); the connecting groove (420) is fitted into the bottom of the base (110); the connecting fixing part (430) has a threaded structure and is embedded in the extrusion sidewall (300).

3. The device for monitoring the deformation of the sidewall of a rockfill dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple fluorescent markers (151) are provided on the target (150).

4. The device for monitoring the deformation of the squeezed sidewall of a rockfill dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective cover (220) is detachably installed on the forced centering base plate (210).

5. The device for monitoring the deformation of the sidewall of a rockfill dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation device (200) has a white waterproof coating layer (230) on its surface and a multi-layer steel reinforcement frame (240) inside the observation device (200). The steel reinforcement frame (240) includes longitudinal steel bars (241) and transverse steel bars (242).

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