A tenon-and-mortise mold shell and a tenon-and-mortise mold shell connection structure

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of building formwork technology, specifically to a tenon-and-mortise formwork and a tenon-and-mortise formwork connection structure. The tenon-and-mortise formwork includes a top surface, side surfaces, and a flange. The upper surface of the flange has several tenons connected to the mating surface. At least a portion of the tenon is wider away from the mating surface than the width of the tenon at the mating surface. The connection structure also includes tenons. The vertical projection of the tenon coincides with the projection of two symmetrical tenons. The thickness of the tenon is consistent with the depth of the tenons. This utility model, through the cooperative design of the tenons and tenons, provides horizontal pull-out resistance after the tenon is inserted, ensuring a tight fit between the mating surfaces of adjacent formworks. This eliminates gaps between traditional formworks, avoids grout leakage during concrete pouring, and thus improves the forming quality and surface smoothness of the ribbed floor slab.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building formwork technology, specifically to a tenon-and-mortise type formwork and a tenon-and-mortise type formwork connection structure. Background Technology

[0002] Ribbed floor slab formwork is a type of tenon-and-mortise joint formwork used in building construction. It is mainly used for the construction of cast-in-place two-way ribbed floor slabs (floor slabs) and is suitable for construction of large-span and high-load spaces, such as underground garages, large shopping malls, multi-story factories, school buildings, and civil defense projects.

[0003] In existing technologies, formwork is typically supported by scaffolding, with wooden templates laid on top of the scaffolding. The formwork is placed on the wooden templates, and there is no connection between adjacent formworks, or they are connected by fasteners. If there is no connection between the formworks, concrete grout can easily leak from the gaps between the formwork components. If fasteners are used, it can ensure that the connection between the formworks is tight and there will be no leakage. For the horizontal connection holes and fasteners, you can refer to our company's recently applied patent, CN223034518U, a formwork for a ribbed floor slab. However, when connecting the fasteners, workers need to insert a long screw into the horizontal connection hole from below. If the connection holes of adjacent formworks are not aligned, it will be difficult to insert the screw. It is necessary to use tools such as hammers to tap the formwork to adjust its position, or to tap the bolt to make the bolt emerge smoothly from the other end of the connection hole. Then, nuts and washers are placed, and finally, power tools are used to tighten it. This is relatively labor-intensive. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more convenient formwork connection method. Utility Model Content

[0004] The problem solved by this utility model is that the existing technology of fastening adjacent mold shells from below with bolts is relatively labor-intensive, and provides a mold shell and a tenon-joint mold shell connection structure that is more convenient to install.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a tenon-and-mortise type mold shell, wherein the tenon-and-mortise type mold shell includes a top surface of the mold shell, and a ring of downwardly extending side surfaces of the mold shell is connected around the top surface of the mold shell. The top surface of the mold shell and the side surfaces surrounding it form a cavity. The lower edge of the side surfaces of the mold shell continues to extend horizontally outward to form a flange edge. The outer contour of the flange edge is rectangular, and the vertical end face of the free end of the outer edge of the flange edge is the mating surface for the tenon-and-mortise type mold shells to abut against each other.

[0006] The upper surface of the flange edge is provided with a plurality of tenons and grooves, which are connected to the mating surface, and at least part of the tenons and grooves have a width away from the mating surface that is greater than the width of the tenons and grooves located on the mating surface.

[0007] Furthermore, the width of the widest part of the tenon groove - the width of the tenon groove at the mating surface is ≥1cm.

[0008] Furthermore, the tenon is a non-through groove with the opening facing upwards.

[0009] Furthermore, the distance from the far end of the tenon to the mating surface is ≤5cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical projection of the tenon groove is trapezoidal.

[0011] Furthermore, when there is only one tenon on a single flange edge, the tenon is located in the middle of the flange edge; when there are multiple tenons on a single flange edge, the tenons are symmetrically arranged along the length of the flange edge.

[0012] Another aspect of this utility model provides a tenon-and-mortise mold shell connection structure, including the above-mentioned tenon-and-mortise mold shell, and also including a tenon block, wherein the vertical projection of the tenon block is consistent with the projection of two symmetrical mortise grooves, and the thickness of the tenon block is consistent with the depth of the mortise grooves.

[0013] During installation, the mating surfaces of two adjacent tenon-jointed mold shells are attached together, and the corners are aligned. Several tenons are symmetrically arranged on the two flange edges, and a tenon block is placed in each pair of tenons. The lower surface of the tenon block abuts against the bottom surface of the tenon groove, and the upper surface of the tenon block is flush with the upper surface of the flange edge.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the tenon block is provided with several beveled surfaces for guidance.

[0015] Furthermore, the tenon is made of plastic or metal.

[0016] Furthermore, a first lifting hole is provided at the center of the tenon block, and a lifting groove is provided at the mating surface of the tenon-jointed mold shell. The lifting grooves of two adjacent tenon-jointed mold shells can be spliced ​​to form a second lifting hole, and the second lifting hole and the first lifting hole are coaxial.

[0017] Furthermore, the tenon block is symmetrically provided with two third lifting holes, and the tenon groove of the tenon-jointed mold shell is provided with a fourth lifting hole at the corresponding position, and the third lifting hole and the fourth lifting hole are coaxial.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] 1. This utility model uses a mortise and tenon design to provide horizontal pull-out resistance after the tenon is inserted, so that the mating surfaces of adjacent mold shells are tightly abutted, eliminating the gaps between traditional mold shells and avoiding the problem of grout leakage during concrete pouring, thereby improving the forming quality and surface smoothness of the ribbed floor slab.

[0020] 2. The mortise and tenon structure of this utility model simplifies the installation process, requiring only footsteps or a rubber mallet to tap, ensuring connection strength and stability. This design reduces manual adjustment time, making it particularly suitable for large-scale installations, significantly improving construction efficiency, and reducing the risk of rework due to loose connections.

[0021] 3. This utility model also integrates a hoisting function, which is convenient for high-altitude or large-scale operations. By setting hoisting holes on the tenon and the mold shell, this structure allows hoisting tools to directly fix the flange edge of the mold shell through the holes without additional auxiliary parts, thus simplifying the hoisting process. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon-and-mortise type mold shell described in Embodiment 1 (top three-dimensional view).

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tenon-and-mortise type mold shell described in Embodiment 1 (three-dimensional view from below).

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon block structure in Embodiment 2 (top 3D view);

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon block structure in Embodiment 2 (top 3D view);

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon-and-mortise mold shell connection structure in Embodiment 2;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon block structure in Embodiment 3 (top 3D view);

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon block structure in Embodiment 3 (top 3D view);

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon-and-mortise mold shell connection structure in Embodiment 3;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon-and-mortise mold shell connection structure in Example 4.

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 100. Mold shell; 101. Top surface of mold shell; 102. Side surface of mold shell; 103. Cavity; 104. Flange edge; 105. Fitting surface; 106. Tongue and groove; 107. Lifting groove; 108. Fourth lifting hole;

[0033] 200. Tenon; 201. Beveled surface; 202. First lifting hole; 203. Third lifting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a tenon-and-mortise type mold shell 100 includes a top surface 101, and a downwardly extending side surface 102 connected around the top surface 101. The top surface 101 and the side surface 102 together form a cavity 103. The lower edge of the side surface 102 extends outward horizontally to form a flange 104. The outer contour of the flange 104 is rectangular. The vertical end face of the free end of the outer edge of the flange 104 is the mating surface 105 between the mold shells 100. When the mold shells 100 are laid horizontally, adjacent tenon-and-mortise type mold shells 100 are close together, and the vertical mating surfaces 105 can be tightly attached to each other to avoid grout leakage.

[0037] The upper surface of the flange edge 104 is provided with a plurality of tenons 106, which are connected to the mating surface 105. The vertical projection of the tenon 106 can be any shape, as long as the tenon 106 satisfies the following: at least some of the widths away from the mating surface 105 are greater than the widths of the tenon 106 at the mating surface 105. That is, after the shaped tenon block 200 is placed in the tenon 106, the tenon 106 can provide horizontal pull-out resistance. The greater the difference between the width of the widest part of the tenon 106 and the width of the tenon 106 at the mating surface 105, the greater the pull-out resistance. In order to ensure sufficient pull-out resistance, the width of the widest part of the tenon 106 minus the width of the tenon 106 at the mating surface 105 is ≥ 1 cm. Furthermore, considering the width of the flange edge 104, the tenon groove 106 should not be too large. Therefore, the distance from the far end of the tenon groove 106 to the mating surface 105 is ≤5cm. The tenon groove 106 is a non-through groove, and the opening of the tenon groove 106 faces upward.

[0038] In this design, each flange edge 104 of the tenon-and-mortise mold shell 100 has three mortise grooves 106. These three mortise grooves 106 are symmetrically arranged along the length of the flange edge 104, which is 1200mm long. The spacing between the mortise grooves 106 is 400mm, and the angle between the mortise grooves 106 on both sides and the flange edge 104 is 200mm. The flange edge 104 is 5cm thick, and the mortise grooves 106 are 3cm deep. The mortise grooves 106 are dovetail joints, meaning their vertical projection is trapezoidal, with an upper base width of 5cm, a lower base width of 3cm, and a height of 3.5cm. This shape of the tenon-and-mortise mold shell 100 facilitates rapid connection using tenon blocks 200.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a tenon-and-mortise mold shell 100 connection structure includes the tenon-and-mortise mold shell 100 as in Embodiment 1, and also includes a tenon block 200. The tenon block 200 is made of plastic or metal; in this embodiment, it is a metal tenon block 200. The vertical projection of the tenon block 200 coincides with the projection of two symmetrical mortise grooves 106, i.e., an hourglass shape formed by two trapezoids. The thickness of the tenon block 200 is consistent with the depth of the mortise grooves 106. During installation, the mating surfaces 105 of two adjacent tenon-and-mortise mold shells 100 are placed together, with the corners aligned. Several mortises 106 are symmetrically arranged on the two flange edges 104. Workers operate above the tenon-and-mortise mold 100, placing a tenon block 200 at each of the two mortises 106. This can be done by stepping on it or using a rubber mallet to ensure the connection through the tenon block 200. This ensures that the flange edges 104 of adjacent tenon-and-mortise molds 100 remain tightly fitted, preventing grout leakage. After installation, the lower surface of the tenon block 200 abuts against the bottom surface of the mortise 106, and the upper surface of the tenon block 200 is flush with the upper surface of the flange edge 104. This flush upper surface ensures a smoother formed surface for the ribbed floor slab.

[0041] In this solution, the bottom of the tenon block 200 is provided with several oblique cut surfaces 201 for guidance, which can play a guiding role. When the tenon-type mold shell 100 is not fully aligned, the tenon block 200 can be installed smoothly and the tenon-type mold shell 100 can be automatically adjusted to align its corners.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] In practical applications, if the tenon-jointed mold shell 100 is installed using a hoisting operation, a first hoisting hole 202 can be provided at the center of the tenon block 200, and a hoisting groove 107 can be provided at the mating surface 105 of the tenon-jointed mold shell 100. The hoisting grooves 107 of two adjacent tenon-jointed mold shells 100 can be spliced ​​to form a second hoisting hole, and the second hoisting hole and the first hoisting hole 202 are coaxial. In this way, during installation, the lifting rod in the hoisting tool can pass through the first hoisting hole 202 and the second hoisting hole, and then support the lower surface of the flange edge 104 of the tenon-jointed mold shell 100 through fasteners / support plates.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] The difference from Embodiment 3 is that if two lifting points are provided at the same tenon 200, two third lifting holes 203 are symmetrically provided on the tenon 200, and a fourth lifting hole 108 is provided at a corresponding position in the mortise 106 of the tenon-jointed mold shell 100. The third lifting hole 203 and the fourth lifting hole 108 are coaxial. The two lifting rods in the lifting tool can pass through the first lifting hole 202 and the second lifting hole, and then support the lower surface of the flange edge 104 of the tenon-jointed mold shell 100 through fasteners / support plates.

[0046] In other embodiments, the tenon 106 may take other shapes, as long as at least some of the widths away from the mating surface 105 are greater than the widths of the tenon 106 located on the mating surface 105. Correspondingly, the tenon block 200 is shaped to be thinner in the middle and thicker at both ends.

[0047] In summary, the mortise and tenon joint mold shell and its connection structure described in this utility model achieve rapid installation and improve construction efficiency by setting mortise grooves on the flange edge and cooperating with tenon blocks.

[0048] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of this utility model, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the content of this utility model. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tenon-and-mortise type mold shell, characterized in that: The tenon-and-mortise type mold shell (100) includes a top surface (101) of the mold shell, and a downwardly extending side surface (102) of the mold shell is connected around the top surface (101). The top surface (101) and the side surface (102) of the mold shell form a cavity (103) inside. The lower edge of the side surface (102) of the mold shell continues to extend horizontally outward to form a flange edge (104). The outer contour of the flange edge (104) is rectangular, and the vertical end face of the free end of the outer edge of the flange edge (104) is the mating surface (105) between the tenon-and-mortise type mold shells (100). The upper surface of the flange edge (104) is provided with a plurality of tenons (106), the tenons (106) are connected to the mating surface (105), and at least part of the tenons (106) has a width at a distance away from the mating surface (105) that is greater than the width of the tenons (106) at the mating surface (105).

2. The tenon-and-mortise type mold shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the widest part of the mortise (106) - the width of the mortise (106) at the mating surface (105) is ≥1cm.

3. The tenon-and-mortise type mold shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mortise (106) is a non-through groove, and the mortise (106) opens upwards.

4. A tenon-and-mortise type mold shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the far end of the tenon (106) to the mating surface (105) is ≤5cm.

5. A tenon-and-mortise type mold shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical projection of the tenon (106) is trapezoidal.

6. A tenon-and-mortise type mold shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: When there is one tenon (106) on a single flange edge (104), the tenon (106) is located in the middle of the flange edge (104). When there are multiple tenons (106) on a single flange edge (104), the tenons (106) are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the flange edge (104).

7. A tenon-and-mortise type mold shell connection structure, characterized in that: The tenon-and-mortise type mold shell (100) according to any one of claims 1-6 further includes a tenon block (200), the vertical projection of the tenon block (200) is consistent with the projection of two symmetrical mortises (106), and the thickness of the tenon block (200) is consistent with the depth of the mortises (106); During installation, the mating surfaces (105) of two adjacent tenon-jointed mold shells (100) are attached together, with the corners aligned. Several tenons (106) on the two flange edges (104) are symmetrically arranged, and a tenon block (200) is placed in each pair of tenons (106). The lower surface of the tenon block (200) abuts against the bottom surface of the tenon groove (106), and the upper surface of the tenon block (200) is flush with the upper surface of the flange edge (104).

8. The tenon-and-mortise type mold shell connection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the tenon (200) is provided with several beveled surfaces (201) for guidance.

9. The tenon-and-mortise type mold shell connection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tenon (200) has a first lifting hole (202) at its center. The tenon-type mold shell (100) has a lifting groove (107) at its mating surface (105). The lifting grooves (107) of two adjacent tenon-type mold shells (100) can be spliced ​​together to form a second lifting hole. The second lifting hole and the first lifting hole (202) are coaxial.

10. A tenon-and-mortise type mold shell connection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tenon block (200) is symmetrically provided with two third lifting holes (203), and the tenon-type mold shell (100) is provided with a fourth lifting hole (108) at the corresponding position in the tenon groove (106). The third lifting hole (203) and the fourth lifting hole (108) are coaxial.

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