Construction system for vertical tunnels

Abstract

A construction system for vertical tunnels is provided. The vertical tunnel has segments assembled circumferentially from at least two tunnel segments. The construction system includes a tunneling unit and a jacking unit. The jacking unit is positioned directly below the tunnel segments, vertically supporting the tunneling unit or a combination of the tunneling unit and tunnel segments and providing an upward jacking force. It includes multiple sets of sub-units axially distributed around the vertical tunnel, each set of sub-units capable of independent vertical extension and retraction. Each tunnel segment is supported by at least one set of sub-units. When assembling a new tunnel segment, at least one set of sub-units retracts while maintaining vertical support and anti-backlash for the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and tunnel segment, wherein the direction of the support force applied by the sub-units coincides with that of the tunnel segment. This design ensures that at least one set of sub-units provides vertical support and anti-backlash at any given time during tunneling, resulting in better stability and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates generally to the field of underground engineering technology, and more specifically to a construction system for vertical tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels in underground rail transit systems such as subways typically include vertical tunnels (also known as shafts) leading to the surface to meet requirements for ventilation and smoke extraction. Traditionally, vertical tunnel construction involved excavating downwards from the ground and reinforcing it with brickwork. With the widespread use of concrete, the caisson method emerged. This method involves prefabricating a shaft at the designed location of the underground structure, and then, under the protection of the prefabricated shaft, using its own weight and the excavated soil within the shaft to overcome the frictional resistance of the shaft walls and the resistance of the cutting edge, sinking the shaft to the designed elevation before finally sealing it at the bottom. These traditional construction methods suffer from low efficiency and high costs. Furthermore, they are poorly suited for strata with high water content.

[0003] In recent years, construction methods have emerged that utilize shield tunneling or pipe jacking equipment to excavate from bottom to top in existing tunnels, addressing the problems inherent in traditional construction methods. For example, Chinese patent document CN113216973A discloses "a bottom-up jacking type vertical shaft excavation device," and Chinese patent document CN114293992A discloses "an upward construction vertical shaft device and its construction method." In the disclosed solutions, the tunnel segments or sections are installed synchronously with the shield tunneling or pipe jacking equipment. To overcome the influence of gravity, CN113216973A uses a backlash hook 90 of a backlash support 9 to hook onto a protruding ring 140 on the outer wall of the section from the side of the section, achieving backlash prevention. CN114293992A includes a reaction frame 8, and the backlash prevention mechanism 9, which extends laterally from the reaction frame 8, is inserted into the grouting hole of the tunnel segment to achieve backlash prevention. In the initial tunneling stage, when the number of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) or pipe jacking equipment and pipe sections is small, the weight of the structure requiring backlash prevention is relatively small, and the two methods mentioned above have a certain backlash prevention effect. However, as tunneling progresses and the number of pipe sections gradually increases, the weight of the structure requiring backlash prevention increases dramatically, potentially reaching hundreds of tons. In practical applications, the two methods mentioned above are difficult to support such a heavy structure, and there is even a risk of backlash prevention failure.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a construction system for vertical tunnels to at least partially solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a construction system for excavating vertical tunnels from bottom to top to form vertical tunnels, the vertical tunnels having segments assembled circumferentially from at least two segments, the construction system comprising:

[0006] Tunneling unit; and

[0007] A jacking unit is disposed directly below the segments of the vertical tunnel, providing vertical support for the tunneling unit or a combination of the tunneling unit and the segments and providing an upward jacking force. The jacking unit comprises multiple sets of sub-units distributed axially around the vertical tunnel, wherein each set of sub-units is vertically retractable relative to other sub-units, each segment is supported by at least one set of sub-units, and the jacking unit is configured to maintain the vertical support of at least one set of sub-units for the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the segments when at least one set of sub-units retracts to assemble a new segment, the direction of the support force applied by the sub-units coinciding with the segment.

[0008] In some embodiments, the plurality of sub-units are configured to support the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe section on different horizontal planes.

[0009] In some implementations, at any point during the process from the initial excavation to the end of excavation, the number of sub-units that maintain vertical support to prevent backsliding is not less than half of the total number of sub-units.

[0010] In some embodiments, each group of subunits includes at least one hydraulic cylinder.

[0011] In some embodiments, the construction system is configured to construct within a pre-formed transverse tunnel to form the vertical tunnel, wherein the construction system further includes a sleeve fixed to a segment or section of the transverse tunnel, and the tunneling unit is located within the sleeve during initial tunneling.

[0012] In some embodiments, the sleeve is provided with an auxiliary anti-reverse device, which has an anti-reverse pin configured to extend laterally to enter and exit a pre-drilled hole on the tunneling unit or the segment.

[0013] In some embodiments, the vertical position of the auxiliary anti-reverse device is adjustable.

[0014] According to the scheme disclosed herein, the jacking unit of the construction system simultaneously provides upward jacking and anti-backlash functions. Therefore, there is no need to install a dedicated anti-backlash device, which can reduce the number of components in the construction system and help reduce costs. Furthermore, the jacking unit can ensure that at any point during the entire process from the initial excavation to the end of excavation, at least one set of sub-units provides vertical support and anti-backlash functions directly below the excavating unit or pipe segment. Compared to lateral support and anti-backlash, vertical support provides better stability and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To better understand the above and other objects, features, advantages, and functions of this disclosure, reference can be made to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same parts. Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are intended to schematically illustrate the preferred embodiments of this disclosure and do not limit the scope of this disclosure in any way; the various parts in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figures 2A-2B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figures 3A-3B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figures 4A-4B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figures 5A-5B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figures 6A-6B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figures 7A-7B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figures 8A-8B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figures 9A-9B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figures 10A-10B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figures 11A-11B This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a construction step of a construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Now, with reference to the accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail. The embodiments described herein are merely preferred embodiments based on this disclosure; those skilled in the art will conceive of other ways to implement this disclosure based on these preferred embodiments, and such other ways also fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0029] This disclosure provides a construction system for excavating vertical tunnels in an upward direction. For example, construction can begin within an existing transverse tunnel or in a pre-excavated space underground or within a mountain. The vertical tunnel can be constructed from segments. Each segment can be assembled from at least two sections. The resulting vertical tunnel can be used for smoke extraction, ventilation, and other purposes, and can also be referred to as a shaft. A detailed description follows with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the construction system 1 according to this disclosure may include a tunneling unit 10 and a jacking unit 20. The tunneling unit 10 may be, for example, a pipe jacking machine, having a tunneling unit body 11. A cutterhead 12 is provided at the front end of the tunneling unit body 11 for cutting the soil or tunnel segments above. A muck discharge pipe 13 is also provided inside the tunneling unit body 11, extending upwards as the tunneling unit 10 tunnels, for discharging debris such as soil and gravel generated by the cutterhead 12. For example, the muck discharge pipe 13 may be located approximately at the center of the tunneling unit body 11. Taking tunneling in an already formed transverse tunnel along an upward direction as an example, the tunneling unit 20 is positioned at a predetermined tunneling location in the transverse tunnel before the start of tunneling. The predetermined tunneling location in the transverse tunnel may be the location of a designed smoke extraction shaft or ventilation shaft. To reduce cutting difficulty and avoid adverse effects on the structural strength of the entire ring of segments in the transverse tunnel 101, special segments 102 suitable for cutting by the tunneling unit 10 can be installed at predetermined excavation positions during the construction of the transverse tunnel 101. The jacking unit 20 is located below the tunneling unit 10 and is used to support the tunneling unit 10 and provide vertical support and anti-backward function during upward excavation.

[0031] refer to Figure 2BAccording to the scheme disclosed herein, the jacking unit 20 includes multiple sets of sub-units 21 (21a-21h) arranged around the central axis of the vertical tunnel to be excavated. Each set of sub-units 21a-21h is configured to extend and retract vertically independently of other sub-units. In the illustrated embodiment, each set of sub-units 21a-21h includes one hydraulic cylinder. It is understood that in other embodiments, each set of sub-units may include more than one hydraulic cylinder, and the number of hydraulic cylinders in different sets of sub-units may be the same or different. Hydraulic cylinders in the same set of sub-units extend and retract synchronously, while hydraulic cylinders in different sets of sub-units extend and retract relatively independently.

[0032] The jacking unit 20 also includes a reaction seat 22, which provides a foundation for the installation of sub-units 21a-21h. During operation, the reaction seat 22 is supported on the segments of the transverse tunnel 101, and supports the tunneling unit 10 above it, as well as subsequent assembled pipe sections and other structures, through the sub-units 21a-21h. Preferably, a clearance hole 221 is provided in the middle of the reaction seat 22. Structures such as the muck discharge pipe 13 can extend into the clearance hole 221 and then turn and extend to other positions below the reaction seat 22. In this way, interference between the muck discharge pipe 13 and other structures and the pipe sections assembled on the jacking unit 20 during upward tunneling can be avoided.

[0033] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 11B The working process of the construction system according to this disclosure is described.

[0034] In the preparatory work before tunneling begins, the tunneling unit 10 and the jacking unit 20 of the construction system are transported to predetermined positions within the transverse tunnel 101, such as below special segments 102, using equipment such as transport trolleys. The jacking unit 20 is installed and supported on the segments of the transverse tunnel 101, and the tunneling unit 10 is supported on the jacking unit 20. Preferably, the construction system 1 may also include a launching sleeve 30, which is fixedly connected to the segments of the transverse tunnel 101 by welding and / or bolting. The tunneling unit 10 is supported on the jacking unit 20 and is at least partially disposed within the launching sleeve 30. The launching sleeve 30 can provide positioning, sealing, and water-stopping functions.

[0035] After preparation is complete, the tunneling operation begins. The hydraulic cylinders of the jacking unit 20 extend, applying an upward jacking force to push the tunneling unit 10 upward. Simultaneously, the cutterhead 12 of the tunneling unit 10 cuts the special segment 102 and continues cutting the surrounding soil after penetrating the special segment 102. When the tunneling unit 20 has tunneled upward a predetermined distance (e.g., approximately the axial width of one segment), the cutterhead 12 stops cutting, and the jacking unit 20 ceases applying the upward jacking force, providing only support force.

[0036] Next, the assembly of the tunnel sections can be performed. Specifically, at least one set of sub-units of the jacking unit 20 is retracted, while at least one set of sub-units continues to provide vertical support for the tunneling unit 10. For example... Figure 2A and Figure 2B As shown, sub-units 21a, 21b, and 21c retract to provide space for installing tunnel segments, while sub-units 21d-21h remain extended to provide vertical support for the tunneling unit 10. That is, sub-units 21d-21h also effectively act as anti-reverse mechanisms. Then, as... Figure 3A and Figure 3B As shown, segments 201a can be installed on the retracted subunits 21a, 21b, and 21c, forming part of a new segment of the vertical tunnel. Next, as... Figure 4A and Figure 4B As shown, the retracted sub-units 21a, 21b, and 21c extend upwards, pushing the new tunnel segment 201a upwards and ultimately supporting it at the bottom of the tunneling unit 10. That is, the re-extended sub-units 21a, 21b, and 21c indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 through the new tunnel segment 201a. At this point, the tunneling unit 10 is once again in a state of full-ring support. Furthermore, sub-units 21a-21h support the combination of the tunneling unit and the tunnel segment (or tunnel section) on different horizontal planes.

[0037] After subunits 21a, 21b, and 21c have stably supported the new tunnel segment 201a and the tunneling unit 10, as follows Figure 5A and Figure 5B As shown, sub-units 21d, 21e, and 21f retract to provide space for installing another segment. Sub-units 21a-21c and 21g-21h remain extended to provide vertical support for the tunneling unit 10. Sub-units 21a-21c indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 via the new segment 201a, while sub-units 21g-21h directly support the tunneling unit 10. Then, as... Figure 6A and Figure 6B As shown, segments 201b can be installed on the retracted subunits 21d, 21e, and 21f, forming part of a new segment of the vertical tunnel. Next, as... Figure 7A and Figure 7B As shown, the retracted sub-units 21d, 21e, and 21f extend upwards, pushing the new tunnel segment 201b upwards and ultimately supporting it at the bottom of the tunneling unit 10. That is, the re-extended sub-units 21d, 21e, and 21f indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 through the new tunnel segment 201b. At this point, the tunneling unit 10 is once again in a state of full-ring support. Furthermore, sub-units 21a-21h support the combination of the tunneling unit and the tunnel segment (or tunnel section) on different horizontal planes.

[0038] After subunits 21d, 21e, and 21f have stably supported the new tunnel segment 201b and the tunneling unit 10, as follows Figure 8A and Figure 8B As shown, sub-units 21g and 21h retract to provide space for installing another new segment. Sub-units 21a-21f remain extended to indirectly provide vertical support to the tunneling unit 10 via the new segments 201a and 201b. Then, as... Figure 9A and Figure 9B As shown, segments 201c can be installed on the retracted subunits 21g and 21h, forming part of a new segment of the vertical tunnel. Next, as... Figure 10A and Figure 10B As shown, the retracted sub-units 21g and 21h extend upwards, pushing the new segment 201c upwards and ultimately supporting it at the bottom of the tunneling unit 10. That is, the re-extended sub-units 21g and 21h indirectly support the tunneling unit 10 through the new segment 201c. At this point, the tunneling unit 10 is once again in a state of full-ring support. Furthermore, sub-units 21a-21h support the combination of the tunneling unit and the segment (or section) on the same horizontal plane.

[0039] In the illustrated embodiment, the vertical tunnel segment is assembled from three segments. Therefore, as... Figure 10A and Figure 10B As shown, after the third segment 201c is installed in place, the assembly of segments 201a, 201b, and 201c can be performed, making these segments form a whole structure. For example, adjacent segments can be connected together by bolts passing through pre-made bolt holes to form a new ring segment 201. In another embodiment, the segment can be equipped with a quick-connect structure (e.g., male and female plugs that can cooperate with each other). The segment can be configured such that after the segments are pushed upward into place by the sub-units of their respective pushing units 20, they can be connected to adjacent segments through the quick-connect structure. That is, as the last segment is pushed into place, the segment is automatically assembled, thus saving a dedicated assembly process. After the new segment 201 is assembled, as shown... Figure 11A and Figure 11B As shown, the hydraulic cylinder of the jacking unit 20 extends as a whole, applying an upward jacking force to push the tunneling unit 10 and the new pipe section 201 upward. At the same time, the cutterhead 12 of the tunneling unit 10 cuts the soil. After the combination of the tunneling unit 20 and the new pipe section 201 has tunneled upward a predetermined distance (e.g., approximately the axial width of one pipe section), the cutterhead 12 stops cutting, and the jacking unit 20 stops applying the upward jacking force and only provides support force.

[0040] This can be repeated. Figures 2A to 10B The steps are to assemble and push the subsequent new pipe sections, for example... Figure 12The tunnel segments 202-206, etc., are shown until the excavation of the vertical tunnel is completed. To ensure the stress balance of the vertical tunnel segments, it is preferable that the joints of adjacent segments are staggered in the circumferential direction. The last segment of the vertical tunnel can be a specially manufactured segment, such as a segment made entirely or partially of steel or other materials. After the last segment is pushed into place, it can be connected and fixed to the segments of the transverse tunnel 101 by welding or other methods. Furthermore, grouting can be performed through the grouting holes (not shown) of each segment of the vertical tunnel to provide waterproofing and enhance the adhesion between the segment and the external soil. The excavation unit 10 can be moved out from the upper end of the vertical tunnel by hoisting or other methods.

[0041] Unlike transverse tunneling, which largely eliminates the need to overcome gravity, bottom-up tunneling involves the tunneling unit and subsequent additional sections experiencing gravity that is coaxial with but opposite to the direction of excavation. Therefore, even during pauses in the upward pushing process (e.g., when assembling new sections), continuous vertical support is required to counteract the downward pressure generated by gravity and earth pressure, preventing the tunneling unit and sections from sinking or falling (undesirable sinking or falling could lead to serious engineering accidents). Furthermore, as tunneling progresses, the overall weight of the tunneling unit plus the continuously added sections increases significantly, typically reaching tens to hundreds of tons. Additionally, the cutterhead of the tunneling unit experiences earth pressure in the hundreds of tons. Providing continuous and reliable vertical support presents a substantial challenge.

[0042] According to the scheme disclosed herein, the jacking unit 20, which applies jacking force, can provide continuous vertical support and anti-backlash function to the tunneling unit 10 or the combination of tunneling unit 10 and pipe sections located on it at any time desired by the operator throughout the entire jacking tunneling process. It can also accommodate the needs of pipe section assembly without requiring a dedicated anti-backlash structure. It is understood that the main function of the jacking unit 20 is to provide upward jacking force throughout the entire tunneling construction. Even for the tunneling unit 10 in the final stage of construction, plus the maximum weight of all pipe sections, the required jacking force (support force) can be met. Therefore, the vertical support force required to provide to the tunneling unit or the combination of tunneling unit and pipe sections during jacking pauses must be within the design specifications of the jacking unit. This disclosure utilizes the jacking unit 20 to provide vertical support and anti-backlash during jacking pauses, fully meeting the requirements for reliability and stability.

[0043] Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, the solution disclosed herein provides an excellent support system. This disclosure utilizes a jacking unit located directly beneath the tunnel segment for vertical support and anti-reverse forces, with the provided vertical support force coaxial with the downward force acting on the tunnel segment. Therefore, the forces borne internally by the jacking unit typically do not exceed the support forces required for the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and tunnel segment, and these forces are within the design specifications of the jacking unit. Therefore, there is no risk of structural failure.

[0044] Some existing technologies incorporate specialized anti-backlash mechanisms to provide vertical support and prevent backlash during pauses in the jacking process, such as when assembling new tunnel segments. These specialized anti-backlash mechanisms are located on the side (inner or outer) of the tunnel segment and are connected to the tunnel segment or tunnel segment via laterally extending transverse members, providing anti-backlash support to the tunnel segment or the combination of tunnel segment and tunnel segment. In such a stress system, the end (proximal end) of the transverse member connected to the tunnel segment or tunnel segment is subjected to pressure (gravity plus earth pressure) from the tunnel segment or the combination of tunnel segment and tunnel segment. The stress level on the anti-backlash mechanism and the surrounding tunnel segment can be amplified or even exceed the material's allowable stress, potentially leading to anti-backlash failure. On the one hand, the connection points between the pipe sections and the transverse members, such as grouting holes, are not specifically designed for backlash prevention. Therefore, their structural strength is not designed to withstand the strong stresses required for backlash prevention. When the number of pipe sections increases, leading to excessive overall pressure, these connection points are prone to structural damage due to excessive stress, potentially resulting in backlash prevention failure. On the other hand, as the transverse members move laterally away from the pipe segments, the stress inside the transverse members gradually increases compared to their proximal ends. This means that the stress inside the transverse members is actually greater than the force required for backlash prevention. Therefore, the backlash prevention mechanism may also fail due to structural damage caused by excessive stress.

[0045] In contrast, according to the solution disclosed herein, directly utilizing the jacking unit to provide support only requires sufficient structural strength of the jacking unit. The risk of structural failure is minimal, thereby improving construction safety. Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, this disclosure eliminates the need for a dedicated anti-reverse mechanism, simplifying the construction system and helping to reduce construction costs and improve construction efficiency.

[0046] Preferably, to ensure the reliability and stability of the vertical support, according to the scheme of this disclosure, at any moment during the tunneling construction process, the number of sub-units maintaining vertical support in the jacking unit 20 is not less than half of the total number of sub-units. The sub-units maintaining vertical support can preferably be configured symmetrically about the central axis of the tunnel segment to provide uniform support in the circumferential direction around the central axis. Of course, these preferred features are not essential to ensure reliable support. It is understood that in actual construction, the tunneling unit, the tunnel segment, and the resulting vertical tunnel are approximately coaxial. Therefore, the central axis of the tunnel segment referred to herein can also be understood as the central axis of the tunneling unit or the central axis of the vertical tunnel.

[0047] Although this disclosure omits a dedicated anti-reverse mechanism, preferably, in some embodiments, an auxiliary anti-reverse device may be provided to provide auxiliary anti-reverse function, thereby further improving the stability, reliability, and safety of the vertical support anti-reverse mechanism. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the auxiliary anti-reverse device 31 is mounted on the launching sleeve 30 and has an anti-reverse pin capable of lateral extension and retraction. When auxiliary anti-reverse is required, the anti-reverse pin extends laterally, for example, into a pre-drilled hole in the tunneling unit 10 or subsequent segments 201, etc. For the tunneling unit 10, the pre-drilled hole can be a specially designed hole for anti-reverse. For segments 201, the pre-drilled hole can be a grouting hole. Preferably, the vertical position of the auxiliary anti-reverse device 31 is adjustable so that the anti-reverse pin can be aligned with the corresponding pre-drilled hole. It is understood that in actual construction, during the initial excavation and the early stages of the entire tunneling construction, the number of segments is small, and the total weight of the tunneling unit and segments is low, so only the auxiliary anti-reverse device 31 can be used for anti-reverse. As tunneling progresses, the number of segments increases, and the total weight of the tunneling unit and segments gradually increases. When the total weight reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold, the method of using the jacking unit 20 or the jacking unit 20 combined with the auxiliary anti-reverse device 31 can be switched for anti-reverse.

[0048] The above description of various embodiments of this disclosure is provided for descriptive purposes to a person of ordinary skill in the art. It is not intended to exclude or limit this disclosure to a single disclosed embodiment. As stated above, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various alternatives and variations of this disclosure exist. Therefore, although some alternative embodiments have been specifically described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand or relatively easily develop other embodiments. This disclosure is intended to include all alternatives, modifications, and variations of this disclosure described herein, as well as other embodiments falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure described above.

Claims

1. A construction system for a vertical tunnel, the vertical tunnel having a segment assembled circumferentially from at least two segments, the construction system being used for excavation from bottom to top to form the vertical tunnel, characterized in that, The construction system includes: Tunneling unit; and A jacking unit is disposed directly below the segments of the vertical tunnel, providing vertical support for the tunneling unit or a combination of the tunneling unit and the segments and providing an upward jacking force. The jacking unit comprises multiple sets of sub-units distributed axially around the vertical tunnel, wherein each set of sub-units is vertically retractable relative to other sub-units, each segment is supported by at least one set of sub-units, and the jacking unit is configured to maintain the vertical support of at least one set of sub-units for the tunneling unit or the combination of the tunneling unit and the segments when at least one set of sub-units retracts to assemble a new segment, the direction of the support force applied by the sub-units coinciding with the segment.

2. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple sub-units are configured to support the combination of the tunneling unit and the pipe section on different horizontal planes.

3. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, At any point during the tunneling process, from the initial excavation to the end of the tunneling, the number of sub-units that maintain vertical support to prevent backsliding is no less than half of the total number of sub-units.

4. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each group of subunits includes at least one hydraulic cylinder.

5. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction system is configured to construct the vertical tunnel within a pre-formed transverse tunnel. The construction system also includes a sleeve fixed to the segments or sections of the transverse tunnel. The tunneling unit is located within the sleeve during the initial tunneling.

6. The construction system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sleeve is provided with an auxiliary anti-reverse device, which has an anti-reverse pin. The anti-reverse pin is configured to extend and retract laterally to enter and exit the pre-drilled hole on the tunneling unit or the segment.

7. The construction system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vertical position of the auxiliary anti-reverse device is adjustable.

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