An air spring, a suspension assembly, and a vehicle

Abstract

This application relates to an air spring, a suspension assembly, and a vehicle, and pertains to the field of vehicle technology, addressing the problem of how to improve the performance of a suspension assembly. The air spring includes a retaining sleeve, a bladder, and a piston. The bladder is housed within the retaining sleeve. The piston includes a first end and a first piston section located at the first end. The first piston section is slidably housed within the retaining sleeve. The first end is connected to the bladder, and a portion of the bladder is located within the gap between the first piston section and the retaining sleeve. The bladder and the first end form an air chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, specifically to an air spring, suspension assembly, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A suspension system is typically installed between the vehicle body and the wheels to absorb road impacts and maintain vehicle stability. The suspension system may include air springs, which cushion the impact on the vehicle body by compressing or extending during suspension operation.

[0003] In the prior art, the air spring uses a dual-chamber piston structure, including a mounting base, a lower swing seat, a bladder, an upper piston base, and a lower piston base. The lower swing seat is mounted on the mounting base, and the bladder is mounted on the lower swing seat. The lower swing seat is positioned on the bladder. A first chamber is formed between the inner cavity of the bladder, the lower swing seat, and the lower piston base. An air intake passage and a second chamber are formed between the inner walls of the upper piston base and the lower piston base after they are connected. A connecting through hole is provided on the lower piston base for connecting the second chamber and the first chamber. The connecting through hole is opened or closed by a valve body, and the air intake passage is connected to the first chamber.

[0004] Therefore, the air springs in existing suspension components undergo significant elastic deformation during the stretching and compression of the suspension components, resulting in large changes in the stiffness of the air springs and thus affecting the performance of the suspension components. Utility Model Content

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide an air spring to address the problem of how to improve the performance of suspension components. A second objective of this invention is to provide a suspension component. A third objective of this invention is to provide a vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an air spring, including a retaining sleeve, a bladder, and a piston; the bladder is housed within the retaining sleeve;

[0008] The piston includes a first end and a first piston section where the first end is located. The first piston section is slidably accommodated in the protective sleeve. The first end is connected to the bladder skin. A portion of the bladder skin is located in the gap between the first piston section and the protective sleeve. The bladder skin and the first end form an air cavity.

[0009] Along the piston axis from the first end to the end away from the first end, the cross-sectional size of the first piston section gradually decreases, and along the piston axis, the circumferential surface of the first piston section includes a first section, a second section and a third section. The first section is located between the second section and the first end, and the third section is located on the side of the second section away from the first end. The bladder covers the first section and the second section. Along the piston axis, the bladder and the third section are spaced apart. The inclination angle of the third section and the first section relative to the piston axis is smaller than the inclination angle of the second section relative to the piston axis.

[0010] According to the aforementioned technical means, when the vehicle vibrates, the wheels will bounce, and this bouncing will exert a force on the suspension assembly, causing the suspension assembly to extend and contract. This extension and contraction of the suspension assembly will cause the air spring to stretch or compress. This stretching or compression of the air spring manifests as the relative movement between the retainer and the piston. Initially, the air spring covers the first and second sections, with the air spring and the third section spaced apart. When the air spring is compressed, the air chamber deforms, and the piston moves upward relative to the retainer. Due to the elasticity and contractibility of the air spring, as the piston moves upward, the lower end of the air spring gradually moves away from the retainer and closer to the piston. As more of the air spring approaches the piston, a portion of the air spring will come into contact with the third section. Similarly, when the air spring stretches, the air chamber deforms. Due to the elasticity and contractibility of the air spring, as the piston moves downward, the lower end of the air spring gradually moves away from the piston and closer to the retainer. The air spring will gradually separate from the third section, at which point the air spring will only contact the first and second sections.

[0011] By making the inclination angles of the first and third sections relative to the piston axial direction smaller than that of the second section, when the air spring is stretched, the first section can compensate for some of the volume of the air chamber, resulting in a smaller deformation of the bladder. Compared to the case where the inclination angles of the second and first sections relative to the piston axial direction are the same, the stiffness of the air spring can be maintained at a higher level. When the air spring is compressed, the same smaller inclination angle of the third section relative to the piston axial direction compensates for the volume of the air chamber, thus maintaining a higher stiffness of the air spring.

[0012] Therefore, as the piston moves upward and downward, the elastic deformation of the bladder is minimized due to the restriction of the first, second, and third sections on the bladder skin. This ensures that the air spring has good stiffness during the compression and extension of the suspension assembly, thus guaranteeing the performance of the suspension assembly.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first section has an inclination angle of 2° or greater and less than or equal to 6° relative to the piston axis.

[0014] According to the above technical means, the tilt angle of the first section relative to the piston axis is set within the above range, which can better limit the elastic deformation of the bladder skin in the first section, so as to better maintain the stiffness of the air spring and ensure the performance of the suspension assembly.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second section has an inclination angle of 8° or greater and less than or equal to 12° relative to the piston axis.

[0016] According to the above technical means, when the air spring is stretched or contracted in a small range, the piston moves up and down in a small range relative to the sleeve, and the bladder will move up and down in a small range relative to the piston. At this time, the bladder contacts the first section and the second section. The axial tilt angle of the second section relative to the piston is greater than or equal to 8° and less than or equal to 12°. At this time, the deformation of the bladder is minimal, so that the stiffness of the air spring is maximized, and the air spring obtains the best stiffness.

[0017] In some embodiments, the second section has an inclination angle of 9° or greater and less than or equal to 11° relative to the piston axis.

[0018] Based on the above technical means, the bladder will move up and down within a small range relative to the piston, and the bladder will contact the second section, minimizing the deformation of the bladder and achieving optimal stiffness for the air spring.

[0019] In some embodiments, the third section has an inclination angle of 6° or greater and less than or equal to 10° relative to the piston axis.

[0020] Based on the above technical means, the tilt angle of the third section relative to the piston axis is set within the above range, which can better limit the elastic deformation of the bladder skin in the third section, so as to better maintain the stiffness of the air spring and ensure the performance of the suspension assembly.

[0021] In some embodiments, the length of the first section along the axial direction of the piston is greater than or equal to 43 mm and less than or equal to 53 mm.

[0022] According to the above technical means, when the air spring is stretched, the piston moves downward and the bladder moves upward relative to the piston. At this time, the bladder completely enters the first section. Since the length of the first section along the piston axis is greater than or equal to 43mm and less than or equal to 53mm, the stiffness of the air spring is the greatest in this section, so that the air spring obtains the best stiffness.

[0023] In some embodiments, the length of the second section along the piston axial direction is greater than or equal to 30 mm and less than or equal to 40 mm.

[0024] According to the above technical means, when the air spring is stretched, the piston moves downward and the bladder moves upward relative to the piston. At this time, the bladder completely enters the first section. Since the length of the first section along the piston axis is greater than or equal to 43mm and less than or equal to 53mm, the stiffness of the air spring is the greatest in this section, so that the air spring obtains the best stiffness.

[0025] In some embodiments, the length of the third section along the piston axial direction is greater than or equal to 35 mm and less than or equal to 45 mm.

[0026] According to the above technical means, when the external force on the air is small, the piston moves up and down in a small range, and the bladder moves up and down in a small range. At this time, the bladder is in contact with the first section and the second section. The length of the second section along the piston axis is greater than or equal to 30mm and less than or equal to 40mm. At this time, the deformation of the bladder is minimal, so that the air spring obtains the best stiffness.

[0027] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a suspension assembly, which includes an air spring.

[0028] According to the above technical means, when the air spring is compressed over a large range, the piston moves upward relative to the casing, and the bladder moves downward relative to the piston. At this time, the bladder is in contact with the first section, the second section and the third section. Since the length of the third section along the piston axis is greater than or equal to 35mm and less than or equal to 45mm, the deformation of the bladder is reduced, which increases the stiffness of the air spring and allows the air spring to obtain the optimal stiffness.

[0029] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a vehicle that includes a suspension assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a suspension assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a piston for an air spring provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a comparative schematic diagram showing the change in stiffness of an air spring with a fixed-angle cross-section piston and a variable-angle cross-section piston as the wheel center stroke changes, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure Labels

[0035] 1000 - vehicle; 100 - body;

[0036] 1-Casing;

[0037] 2-Capsule skin;

[0038] 3-Piston; 31-First end; 32-First piston section; 321-First section; 322-Second section; 323-Third section;

[0039] 4-Air cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0042] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, when describing pipelines, the terms "connected" and "linked" as used in this application have the meaning of establishing electrical connection. The specific meaning needs to be understood in conjunction with the context.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0045] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0046] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a range-extended electric vehicle, a gasoline vehicle, etc.

[0047] Vehicle 1000 includes a body 100, wheels, and a suspension assembly. The wheels are connected to the underside of the body 100 and are used to roll on the ground, thus enabling vehicle 1000 to move. The suspension assembly connects the body 100 and the wheels and is used to adjust the distance between the body 100 and the wheels to ensure the stability of the body 100. For example, when vehicle 1000 encounters a bumpy road surface, the wheels receive impacts from the road surface and transmit the impact force to the suspension assembly. The suspension system can extend and retract to adjust the distance between the body 100 and the wheels, thereby absorbing the impact and making the body 100 more stable.

[0048] In some embodiments, the suspension system includes a housing and a center rod, a portion of which is located within the housing and is movable relative to the housing along the height direction of the vehicle 1000. The center rod may be connected to the vehicle body 100, and the housing may be connected to a wheel. The distance between the vehicle body 100 and the wheel can be adjusted by the relative movement of the center rod and the housing.

[0049] The suspension system also includes an air spring, which is arranged around the housing and connected between the housing and the vehicle body 100. The relative movement of the center rod and the housing can compress or stretch the air spring so that the air spring can play a buffering role to ensure the stability of the vehicle body 100 and improve the comfort of the passengers.

[0050] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2The air spring includes a retaining sleeve 1, a bladder 2, and a piston 3. The retaining sleeve 1 surrounds the housing and has a space between it and the housing. The retaining sleeve 1 is used to connect to the vehicle body 100. The bladder 2 is housed within the retaining sleeve 1. The piston 3 is used to connect to the housing, for example, the piston 3 is arranged around the housing. The piston 3 includes a first end 31 and a first piston section 32 at which the first end 31 is located. The first piston section 32 is slidably housed within the retaining sleeve 1. The first end 31 is connected to the bladder 2. A portion of the bladder 2 is located within the gap between the first piston section 32 and the retaining sleeve 1. The bladder 2 and the first end 31 form an air chamber 4, which is filled with a gas, such as air, nitrogen, etc., to adjust the cushioning performance of the air spring by changing the air pressure. The piston 3 can move with the housing relative to the central rod.

[0051] Along the axial direction of piston 3, from the first end 31 to the end away from the first end 31, the cross-sectional size of the first piston segment 32 gradually decreases. Along the axial direction of piston 3, the circumferential side of the first piston segment 32 includes a first segment 321, a second segment 322, and a third segment 323. The first segment 321 is located between the second segment 322 and the first end 31, and the third segment 323 is located on the side of the second segment 322 away from the first end 31. The bladder 2 covers the first segment 321 and the second segment 322. Along the axial direction of piston 3, the bladder 2 and the third segment 323 are spaced apart. The inclination angle of the third segment 323 and the first segment 321 relative to the axial direction of piston 3 is smaller than the inclination angle of the second segment 322 relative to the axial direction of piston 3.

[0052] In this way, when the vehicle vibrates, the wheels will bounce, and the wheel bounce will exert force on the suspension assembly, causing the suspension assembly to extend and contract. At this time, the extension and contraction of the suspension assembly will cause the air spring to stretch or compress. The stretching or compression of the air spring is manifested as the relative movement between the sleeve 1 and the piston 3. In the initial state, the bladder 2 covers the first section 321 and the second section 322, and the bladder 2 and the third section 323 are spaced apart. When the air spring is compressed, the air chamber 4 will deform, and the piston 3 will move upward relative to the sleeve 1. Since the bladder 2 is elastic and contractible, as the piston 3 moves upward, the lower end of the bladder 2 will gradually move away from the sleeve 1 and closer to the piston 3. At this time, as more of the bladder 2 gets closer to the piston 3, part of the bladder 2 will come into contact with the third section 323. Similarly, when the air spring is stretched, the air chamber 4 will deform. Since the bladder 2 is elastic and contractible, as the piston 3 moves downward, the lower end of the bladder 2 will gradually move away from the piston 3 and get closer to the sleeve 1. The bladder 2 will gradually separate from the third section 323. At this time, the bladder 2 only contacts the first section 321 and the second section 322.

[0053] Because the inclination angles of the third section 323 and the first section 321 relative to the axial direction of the piston 3 are smaller than those of the second section 322 relative to the piston 3, when the air spring is stretched, the first section 321 can compensate for the volume of the air chamber 4, resulting in a smaller deformation of the bladder 2. Compared to the case where the inclination angles of the second section 322 and the first section 321 are the same, the stiffness of the air spring can be maintained at a higher level. When the air spring is compressed, the inclination angle of the third section 321 relative to the piston 3 is also smaller than that of the second section 322, thus compensating for the volume of the air chamber 4 and maintaining a higher stiffness of the air spring.

[0054] Therefore, as the piston 3 moves upward and downward, the elastic deformation of the bladder 2 is minimized due to the restriction of the first section 321, the second section 322, and the third section 323 on the bladder skin 2. This ensures that the air spring has good stiffness during the compression and extension of the suspension assembly, thus guaranteeing the performance of the suspension assembly.

[0055] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The first section 321 has an inclination angle relative to the axis of the piston 3 that is greater than or equal to 2° and less than or equal to 6°. For example, the inclination angle of the first section 321 relative to the axis of the piston 3 can be 2°, 2.5°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 5.5° and 6°.

[0056] In this way, the tilt angle of the first section 321 relative to the piston 3 is set within the above range, which can better limit the elastic deformation of the bladder 2 by the first section 321, so as to better maintain the stiffness of the air spring and ensure the performance of the suspension assembly.

[0057] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 3 The second section 322 has an axial tilt angle relative to the piston 3 that is greater than or equal to 8° and less than or equal to 12°. For example, the axial tilt angles of the second section 322 relative to the piston 3 are 8°, 8.5°, 9°, 10°, 11°, 11.5° and 12°.

[0058] In this way, when the air spring is stretched or contracted in a small range, the piston 3 moves up and down in a small range relative to the sleeve 1, and the bladder 2 moves up and down in a small range relative to the piston 3. At this time, the bladder 2 is in contact with the first section 321 and the second section 322. The tilt angle of the second section 322 relative to the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 8° and less than or equal to 12°. At this time, the deformation of the bladder 2 is minimal, so that the stiffness of the air spring is maximized, and the air spring obtains the best stiffness.

[0059] In some other embodiments, the second section 322 is tilted at an angle of 9.5° or 10.5° relative to the axial direction of the piston 3.

[0060] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 3 The second section 322 has an axial tilt angle of 9° or greater and 11° or less than the axial tilt angle of the piston 3. The example second section 322 has axial tilt angles of 9°, 9.3°, 9.6°, 10°, 10.3°, 10.6° and 11°.

[0061] In this way, the bladder 2 will move up and down within a small range relative to the piston 3, and the bladder 2 will come into contact with the second section 322. The deformation of the bladder 2 will be minimized, and the air spring will obtain the optimal stiffness.

[0062] In some other embodiments, the second section 322 is tilted at an angle of 9.9° or 10.9° relative to the axial direction of the piston 3.

[0063] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 3 The tilt angle of the third section 323 relative to the axial direction of the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 6° and less than or equal to 10°. For example, the tilt angle of the third section 323 relative to the axial direction of the piston 3 is 6°, 6.5°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 9.5° and 10°.

[0064] In this way, the tilt angle of the third section 323 relative to the piston 3 is set within the above range, which can better limit the elastic deformation of the bladder 2, so as to better maintain the stiffness of the air spring and ensure the performance of the suspension assembly.

[0065] In some other embodiments, the third section 323 is tilted at an angle of 7.5° or 8.5° relative to the axial direction of the piston 3.

[0066] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 3The length of the first section 321 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 43mm and less than or equal to 53mm. For example, the length of the first section 321 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is 43mm, 44mm, 46mm, 48mm, 50mm, 52mm or 53mm, etc.

[0067] In this way, when the air spring is stretched, the piston 3 moves downward and the bladder 2 moves upward relative to the piston 3. At this time, the bladder 2 completely enters the first section 321. Since the length of the first section 321 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 43mm and less than or equal to 53mm, the stiffness of the air spring is the greatest in this section, so that the air spring obtains the best stiffness.

[0068] In some other embodiments, the length of the first section 321 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is 45mm, 47mm, 49mm, etc., 51mm, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 3 The length of the second section 322 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 30mm and less than or equal to 40mm. For example, the length of the second section 322 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is 30mm, 31mm, 33mm, 35mm, 37mm, 39mm or 40mm, etc.

[0070] In this way, when the external force on the air is small, the piston 3 moves up and down within a small range, and the bladder 2 moves up and down within a small range. At this time, the bladder 2 is in contact with the first section 321 and the second section 322. The length of the second section 322 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 30mm and less than or equal to 40mm. At this time, the deformation of the bladder 2 is minimal, so that the air spring obtains the optimal stiffness.

[0071] In some other embodiments, the length of the second section 322 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is 32mm, 34mm, 36mm or 38mm, etc.

[0072] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 3 The length of the third section 323 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 35mm and less than or equal to 45mm. For example, the length of the second section 322 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is 35mm, 36mm, 38mm, 40mm, 42mm, 44mm or 45mm, etc.

[0073] In this way, when the air spring is compressed over a wide range, the piston 3 moves upward relative to the sleeve 1, and the bladder 2 moves downward relative to the piston 3. At this time, the bladder 2 is in contact with the first section 321, the second section 322, and the third section 323. Since the length of the third section 323 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is greater than or equal to 35mm and less than or equal to 45mm, the deformation of the bladder 2 becomes smaller, which increases the stiffness of the air spring and allows the air spring to obtain the optimal stiffness.

[0074] In some other embodiments, the length of the third section 323 along the axial direction of the piston 3 is 37 mm, 39 mm, 41 mm, or 43 mm, etc.

[0075] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 The solid curve represents the relationship between the fixed-angle piston stroke and the air spring stiffness, the dashed curve represents the relationship between the variable-angle piston (i.e., the piston provided in this application) stroke and stiffness, segment ab represents the relationship between the piston stroke and air spring stiffness in the first segment 321, segment bc represents the relationship between the piston stroke and air spring stiffness in the second segment 322, and segment cd represents the relationship between the piston stroke and air spring stiffness in the third segment 323.

[0076] from Figure 4 As can be seen, by making the tilt angles of the first section 322 and the third section 323 relative to the axis of the piston 3 smaller than the tilt angle of the second section 322 relative to the axis of the piston 3, the air spring has high stiffness at each stage, thus ensuring the performance of the suspension assembly.

[0077] Table 1

[0078]

[0079] In some embodiments, please refer to Table 1 above, wherein when the air spring is in the first section 321, the shock absorber travel is -17.3 to -65.2, and the wheel center travel is -25 to -96; when the air spring is in the second section 322, the shock absorber travel is -17.3 to 17.59, and the wheel center travel is -25 to 25; when the air spring is in the third section 323, the shock absorber travel is 17.59 to 58.06, and the wheel center travel is 25 to 81.

[0080] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Features described in one embodiment may be applied, alone or in combination with other features, to another embodiment, unless that feature is not applicable in that other embodiment or is otherwise stated.

[0081] The utility model has been described through the above embodiments. However, it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the utility model to the described embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and many more variations and modifications can be made based on the teachings of the utility model, all of which fall within the scope of protection claimed by the utility model.

Claims

1. An air spring, characterized in that, include: Casing (1); The outer skin (2) is placed inside the protective sleeve (1); The piston (3) includes a first end (31) and a first piston section (32) where the first end (31) is located. The first piston section (32) is slidably accommodated in the protective sleeve (1). The first end (31) is connected to the bladder (2). A portion of the bladder (2) is located in the gap between the first piston section (32) and the protective sleeve (1). The bladder (2) and the first end (31) form an air cavity (4). Along the axial direction of the piston (3), from the first end (31) to the end away from the first end (31), the cross-sectional size of the first piston segment (32) gradually decreases, and along the axial direction of the piston (3), the peripheral side of the first piston segment (32) includes a first segment (321), a second segment (322) and a third segment (323). The first segment (321) is located between the second segment (322) and the first end (31), and the third segment (323) is located on the side of the second segment (322) away from the first end (31). The bladder (2) covers the first segment (321) and the second segment (322). Along the axial direction of the piston (3), the bladder (2) and the third segment (323) are spaced apart. The inclination angle of the third segment (323) and the first segment (321) relative to the axial direction of the piston (3) is smaller than the inclination angle of the second segment (322) relative to the axial direction of the piston (3).

2. The air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first section (321) has an inclination angle of 2° or less than or equal to 6° relative to the axial direction of the piston (3).

3. The air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second section (322) has an inclination angle of 8° or greater and 12° or less relative to the axial direction of the piston (3).

4. The air spring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second section (322) has an inclination angle of 9° or greater and 11° or less relative to the axial direction of the piston (3).

5. The air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third section (323) has an inclination angle of 6° or greater and 10° or less relative to the axial direction of the piston (3).

6. The air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first section (321) along the axial direction of the piston (3) is greater than or equal to 43 mm and less than or equal to 53 mm.

7. The air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second section (322) has a length along the axial direction of the piston (3) that is greater than or equal to 30 mm and less than or equal to 40 mm.

8. The air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the third section (323) along the axial direction of the piston (3) is greater than or equal to 35 mm and less than or equal to 45 mm.

9. A suspension assembly, characterized in that, Includes the air spring as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the suspension assembly as described in claim 9.

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